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64-499: The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter is a Canadian STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada in the mid-1960s and still in production today. Built by De Havilland Canada from 1965 to 1988, Viking Air purchased the type certificate and restarted production in 2008, before re-adopting the DHC name in 2022. In 2023 DHC restarted production of

128-657: A Boeing 787 Dreamliner from Qatar Airways was in flying display, after a Boeing absence for 13 air shows. The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II made its show debut in 2016, two years later than planned, with UK's first F-35B and two US Marine Corps examples. In 2018, the UK Ministry of Defence unveiled a full-scale Tempest model for its Future Combat Air strategy , as the Mitsubishi MRJ regional jet made its first flying display. In March 2019 it

192-467: A 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle within 1,500 feet (450 meters) of commencing takeoff or in landing, to stop within 1,500 feet (450 meters) after passing over a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle. Also called STOL. STOL (Short Take Off and Landing). STOL performance of an aircraft is the ability of aircraft to take off and clear a 50-foot obstruction in a distance of 1,500 feet from beginning the takeoff run. It must also be able to stop within 1,500 feet after crossing

256-443: A 50-foot obstacle on landing. An aircraft that, at some weight within its approved operating weight, is capable of operating from a STOL runway in compliance with the applicable STOL characteristics and airworthiness, operations, noise, and pollution standards" and ""aircraft" means any machine capable of deriving support in the atmosphere A STOL aircraft is an aircraft with a certified performance capability to execute approaches along

320-467: A 50-ft (15-m) obstacle at the end of that distance and upon landing can clear the same obstacle and then land within 1,000 ft. The STOL mode of flight is one during which an airplane taking off or landing is operated at climb-out and approach speeds lower than the conventionally accepted margins of airspeed above the power-off stalling speed of the airplane. Additionally, some aircraft manufacturers market their products as STOL without providing evidence that

384-551: A display at the air show. One of the RAE's civilian maintenance staff was killed, as were all five members of the crew. On 11 September 1970, a Wallis WA-117 autogyro G-AXAR crashed, killing the pilot, J.W.C. Judge. On 1 September 1974, the Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk helicopter prototype crashed on the runway after a low roll, killing both crew. On 4 September 1984 a de Havilland Canada DHC-5D Buffalo crashed on

448-566: A five-day trade show, with public admittance on the Friday only. The 2020 Farnborough Airshow was to take place on 20 to 24 July 2020, but it was cancelled for the first time in its 72-year history because of the COVID-19 pandemic . On 6 September 1952, a DH.110 jet fighter disintegrated in flight and crashed into the airshow audience, killing 29 spectators and its pilot John Derry and navigator Tony Richards. The worst airshow accident in

512-470: A glideslope of 6 degrees or steeper and to execute missed approaches at a climb gradient sufficient to clear a 15:1 missed approach surface at sea level... A STOL runway is one which is specifically designated and marked for STOL aircraft operations, and designed and maintained to specified standards. Heavier-than-air craft that cannot take off and land vertically, but can operate within areas substantially more confined than those normally required by aircraft of

576-714: A passenger terminal and maintenance hangar in Clear Lake City, Texas , near the Johnson Space Center . The Clear Lake City STOLport was specifically designed for Twin Otter operations. According to the February 1976 edition of the Official Airline Guide , Houston Metro operated 22 round-trip flights every weekday at this time between Clear Lake City (CLC) and Houston Intercontinental Airport, now George Bush Intercontinental Airport , in

640-481: A scheduled passenger airline shuttle operation. Houston Metro had agreements in place for connecting passenger feed services with Continental Airlines and Eastern Air Lines at Houston Intercontinental, with this major airport having a dedicated STOL landing area at the time specifically for Twin Otter flight operations. The Clear Lake City STOLport is no longer in existence. The Walt Disney World resort in Florida

704-754: A total of 270 Twin Otters were in airline service, and 14 on order: 111 in North/South America, 117 in the Asia Pacific and Middle East (14 orders), 26 in Europe and 13 in Africa. In 2020, there were a total of 315 Twin Otters worldwide with 220 in service, 95 in storage and 8 on order. By region there were 22 in Africa, 142 in Asia Pacific (8 orders), 37 in Europe, 4 in the Middle East and 110 in

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768-554: A total of 584 Twin Otter aircraft (all variants) remained in service worldwide. Major operators at the time included: Libyan Arab Airlines , Maldivian Air Taxi , Trans Maldivian Airways , Kenn Borek Air , and Grand Canyon Scenic Airlines . Some 115 airlines operated smaller numbers of the aircraft including Yeti Airlines in Nepal, Malaysia Airlines (which used the Twin Otter exclusively for passenger and freight transportation to

832-718: A tragic outcome. At the 1986 show were demonstrated the BAe EAP , the Eurofighter predecessor, and Dassault Rafale rival fighters, as an A300 fly-by-wire testbed flying at very high angles of attack showing the wind-shear stall protection capabilities, later equipping the A320 . In 1988, the GE36 propfan -powered McDonnell Douglas MD-80 was demonstrated as a precursor for the MD-94X but propfan airliners remain elusive, while

896-438: Is a function of the square of the minimum flying speed ( stall speed ), and most design effort is spent on reducing this number. For takeoff , large power/weight ratios and low drag help the plane to accelerate for flight. The landing run is minimized by strong brakes , low landing speed, thrust reversers or spoilers (less common). Overall STOL performance is set by the length of runway needed to land or take off, whichever

960-679: Is critical, because many small, isolated communities rely on STOL aircraft as their only transportation link to the outside world for passengers or cargo; examples include many communities in the Canadian north and Alaska . Most STOL aircraft can land either on- or off-airport. Typical off-airport landing areas include snow or ice (using skis), fields or gravel riverbanks (often using special fat, low-pressure tundra tires ), and water (using floats ): these areas are often extremely short and obstructed by tall trees or hills. Wheel skis and amphibious floats combine wheels with skis or floats, allowing

1024-436: Is longer. Of equal importance to short ground run is the ability to clear obstacles, such as hills, on both take off and landing. For takeoff, large power/weight ratios and low drag result in a high rate of climb required to clear obstacles. For landing, high drag allows the aeroplane to descend steeply to the runway without building excess speed resulting in a longer ground run. Drag is increased by use of flaps (devices on

1088-676: Is mentioned in the "Air Commuter Section" of the 6 September 1972 Eastern Air Lines system timetable as a connecting service to and from Eastern flights. This STOL airfield is no longer in use. Another commuter airline in the United States, Rocky Mountain Airways , operated Twin Otters from the Lake County Airport in Leadville, Colorado . At an elevation of 3,026 m (9,927 ft) above mean sea level, this airport

1152-419: Is the highest airfield in the United States ever to have received scheduled passenger airline service, thus demonstrating the wide-ranging flight capabilities of the Twin Otter. Rocky Mountain Airways went on to become the worldwide launch customer for the larger, four-engine de Havilland Canada Dash 7 STOL turboprop, but continued to operate the Twin Otter, as well. Larger scheduled passenger airlines based in

1216-630: Is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the 98th Flying Training Squadron of the United States Air Force . Development of the aircraft began in 1964, with the first flight on 20 May 1965. A twin-engine replacement for the single-engine DHC-3 Otter retaining the DHC-3's STOL qualities, its design features included double-slotted trailing-edge flaps and ailerons that work in unison with

1280-790: The Kelabit Highlands region in Sarawak ), and in the United Kingdom, the Scottish airline, Loganair which uses the aircraft to service the island of Barra in the Outer Hebrides . This daily scheduled service is unique as the aircraft lands on the beach and the schedule is partly influenced by the tide tables. Trials at Barra Airport with heavier planes than the Twin Otter, like the Short 360, failed because they sank in

1344-556: The Royal Aircraft Establishment field at Farnborough, Hampshire . The inaugural show took place on the first week of September 1948 and all of the static aircraft and supporting display stands were concentrated in the NE corner of the airfield with 'A-Shed' as the main 'West Exhibition Hall' and the soon-to-be famous 'Black Sheds' housing a smaller 'East Exhibition Hall' and refreshments for guests on trade days and

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1408-626: The United States that were used for scheduled passenger airline operations but are now no longer in existence. Cruise -efficient short takeoff and landing (CESTOL), is an aircraft with both very short runway requirements and high cruise speeds (greater than Mach 0.8). Many different definitions of STOL have been used by different authorities and nations at various times and for a myriad of regulatory and military purposes. Some accepted definitions of STOL include: short takeoff and landing: ( DOD / NATO ) The ability of an aircraft to clear

1472-742: The Vickers VC10 , Concorde , the Eurofighter , the Airbus A380 , and the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II . At the 1958 show, Hawker Hunters of the RAF 's Black Arrows executed a 22-aircraft formation loop, setting a new world record. The international trade show runs for five days. Until 2020, the show ran for a full week with the first five days reserved for trade visitors and the general public attending on

1536-618: The de Havilland Canada Dash-7 , are designed for use on prepared airstrips; likewise, many STOL aircraft are taildraggers , though there are exceptions like the PAC P-750 XSTOL , the Quest Kodiak , the de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and the Peterson 260SE . Autogyros also have STOL capability, needing a short ground roll to get airborne, but capable of a near-zero ground roll when landing. Runway length requirement

1600-494: The type certificates from Bombardier Aviation for all out-of-production de Havilland Canada aircraft ( DHC-1 through DHC-7 ). The ownership of the certificates gives Viking the exclusive right to manufacture new aircraft. On 17 July 2006, at the Farnborough Airshow , Viking Air announced its intention to offer a Series 400 Twin Otter. On 2 April 2007, Viking announced that with 27 orders and options in hand, it

1664-461: The 300 series, in addition to the Series 400 produced by Viking. The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage , STOL capabilities, twin turboprop engines and high rate of climb have made it a successful commuter airliner , typically seating 18–20 passengers, as well as a cargo and medical evacuation aircraft. In addition, the Twin Otter has been popular with commercial skydiving operations, and

1728-715: The AC electrical system, modernization of the electrical and lighting systems, and use of composites for non load-bearing structures such as doors. The 100th Series 400 Twin Otter (MSN 944) was displayed at the July 2017 EAA AirVenture Oshkosh . At the time 38% were operated as regional airliners , 31% were in military aviation use, 26% in industrial support and 5% were in private air charter . Seventy were on regular landing gear wheels, 18 were configured as straight or amphibious floatplanes , 10 had tundra tires and two had wheel skis . In 2019, Viking started making plastic components for

1792-576: The Americas. The Twin Otter has been popular not only with bush operators as a replacement for the single-engine de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter but also with other civil and military customers, with over 890 aircraft built. Many commuter airlines in the United States got their start by flying the Twin Otter in scheduled passenger operations. Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era STOL Many fixed-wing STOL aircraft are bush planes , though some, like

1856-833: The Paris Air Show, which is held in odd-numbered years and has a similar format, and is held in the same years as the Berlin Air Show . It is organised by Farnborough International Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the ADS Group . In 2012, it attracted 109,000 trade visitors over the first five days, and 100,000 public visitors during the weekend. Orders and commitments for 758 aircraft were announced, worth US$ 72 billion. The Society of British Aircraft Constructors held its first flying and static display at Hendon Aerodrome in June 1932. An invitation only flying display

1920-431: The Series 400 on 21 July 2010. Six years after, in July 2016, 100 series 400 have been delivered to 34 customers operating in 29 countries. In June 2017, 125 have been made since restarting production in 2010. In 2016, there were 281 Twin Otters in airline service with 26 new aircraft on order: 112 in North/South America, 106 in Asia Pacific and Middle East (16 orders), 38 in Europe (10 orders) and 25 in Africa. In 2018,

1984-585: The Series 400 technical demonstrator, C-FDHT, took place 1 October 2008, at Victoria International Airport . Two days later, the aircraft departed Victoria, British Columbia for a ferry flight to Orlando, Florida , site of the 2008 National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) Conference and exhibition. The first new build Series 400 Twin Otter (SN 845) made its first flight on 16 February 2010, in Calgary , Alberta . Transport Canada presented Viking Air Limited with an amended DHC-6 Type Certificate including

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2048-483: The Soviet Union brought the giant Antonov An-124 Ruslan airlifter and two MiG-29 fighters. The Eurofighter made its debut in 1996 in an air display showing its airborne capabilities. The Antonov An-225 Mriya also took flight in 1990. The biggest passenger aircraft to ever appear at Farnborough, the Airbus A380 debuted with a flypast in 2006 while in the midst of its flight-test programme. In 2012,

2112-476: The Twin Otter by 3D printer to help reduce cost. Twin Otter production was suspended in 2019 during the COVID-19 pandemic . In July 2022, DHC announced that it was reviewing the program and supply chain, with a decision on when to resume production expected "in the near future". In 2023, its equipped price was $ 7.25M. In June 2023 Viking, now operating as De Haviland Canada started production of new DHC-6 Classic 300-G. Twin Otters could be delivered directly from

2176-629: The Twin Otter is used in skydiving operations in many countries. The United States Air Force operates three Twin Otters for the United States Air Force Academy 's skydiving team. On 26 April 2001, the first ever air rescue during polar winter from the South Pole occurred with a ski-equipped Twin Otter operated by Kenn Borek Air . On 25 September 2008, the Series 400 Technology Demonstrator achieved "power on" status in advance of an official rollout. The first flight of

2240-518: The UK, it led to new safety procedures at British air displays. On 13 September 1964, a Bristol Bulldog G-ABBB , marked (incorrectly) as K2227 and owned by the Shuttleworth Trust, crashed while performing a loop. The pilot was only slightly hurt. On 20 September 1968, a French Air Force Breguet Atlantic crashed into the offices of the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) while performing

2304-679: The United States, Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean and Australia, particularly jetliner operators, also flew Twin Otters, with the aircraft providing connecting feeder service for these airlines. Jet aircraft operators which also flew the Twin Otter included Aeronaves de Mexico , Air BC , Alaska Airlines , ALM Antillean Airlines , Ansett Airlines , Cayman Airways , Frontier Airlines , LIAT , Norcanair , Nordair , Ozark Air Lines , Pacific Western Airlines , Quebecair , South Pacific Island Airways , Time Air , Transair , Trans Australia Airlines (TAA), Wardair and Wien Air Alaska . In many cases,

2368-459: The aircraft meets any accepted definition. Farnborough Airshow The Farnborough International Airshow is a trade exhibition for the aerospace and defence industries, where civilian and military aircraft are demonstrated to potential customers and investors in Farnborough, Hampshire . Since its first show in 1948, Farnborough has seen the debut of many famous aeroplanes, including

2432-461: The beginning of Series 200 production included improving the STOL performance, adding a longer nose that was equipped with a larger baggage compartment (except for aircraft fitted with floats), and fitting a larger door to the rear baggage compartment. All Series 1, 100, and 200 aircraft and their variants (110, 210) were fitted with the 550 shp (410 kW) PT6A-20 engines. In 1969, the Series 300

2496-471: The choice of landing on snow/water or a prepared runway. A number of aircraft modification companies offer STOL kits for improving short-field performance. A STOLport is an airport designed with STOL operations in mind, normally having a short single runway. STOLports are not common but can be found, for example, at London City Airport in London , United Kingdom . There were also several STOLports in

2560-719: The civil aviation transatlantic rivalry was exemplified by the European Airbus A310 against the American Boeing 767 widebody twinjets , along with its narrowbody sibling, the Boeing 757 , while the Rockwell B-1 large swing-wing bomber was the main military interest. In 1984, to demonstrate its short landing capability, a de Havilland Canada Buffalo made a steep descent but hit the runway, collapsed its landing gear and broke its main wing spar without

2624-637: The corporate de Havilland DH.125 Jet Dragon , and the de Havilland Comet 4C , de Havilland Trident , BAC 1-11 and Vickers VC10 airliners. From 1966, foreign aircraft were allowed if they had British major components, such as the Rolls-Royce-powered Aermacchi MB-326 trainer and Fokker F27 turboprop airliner. Also, the Red Arrows , the RAF aerobatic display team, debuted their Hawker Siddeley Gnats . In 1970, Concorde

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2688-674: The excellent operating economics of the Twin Otter allowed airlines large and small to provide scheduled passenger flights to communities that most likely would otherwise never have received air service. Twin Otters are also a staple of Antarctic transportation. Four Twin Otters are employed by the British Antarctic Survey on research and supply flights, and several are employed by the United States Antarctic Program via contract with Kenn Borek Air . On 24–25 April 2001, two Twin Otters performed

2752-453: The factory with floats , skis , or tricycle landing gear fittings, making them adaptable bush planes for remote and northern areas. Areas including Canada and the United States, (specifically Alaska ) had much of the demand. Many Twin Otters still serve in the Arctic and subarctic , but they can also be found in Africa, Australia, Asia, Antarctica, and other regions where bush planes are

2816-515: The first winter flight to Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station to perform a medical evacuation. On 21–22 June 2016, Kenn Borek Air's Twin Otters performed the third winter evacuation flight to Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station to remove two people for medical reasons. The Argentine Air Force has used the Twin Otter in Antarctica since the 1970s, with at least one of them deployed year-round at Marambio Base . The Chilean Air Force has operated

2880-426: The flaps to boost STOL performance. The availability of the 550 shaft horsepower (410 kW) Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-20 turboprop in the early 1960s made the concept of a twin feasible. A DHC-3 Otter with its piston engine replaced with two PT6A-4 engines had already flown in 1963. It had been extensively modified for STOL research. To bush plane operators, the improved reliability of turboprop power and

2944-443: The improved performance of a twin-engine configuration made it an immediately popular alternative to the piston-powered Otter which had been flying since 1951. The first six aircraft produced were designated Series 1, indicating that they were prototype aircraft. The initial production run consisted of Series 100 aircraft, serial numbers seven to 115 inclusive. In 1968, Series 200 production began with serial number 116. Changes made at

3008-423: The optimum means of travel. Their versatility and manoeuvrability have made them popular in areas with difficult flying environments such as Papua New Guinea . In Norway, the Twin Otter paved the way for the network of short-field airports, connecting rural areas with larger towns. The Twin Otter showed outstanding reliability, and remained in service until 2000 on certain routes. Widerøe of Norway was, at one time,

3072-593: The public at the weekend. Among the many aircraft on display were the Armstrong Whitworth A.W.52 jet-powered flying wing and the prototype Vickers Viscount airliner. The de Havilland Comet jet airliner was shown in 1949. In 1950 the huge Bristol Brabazon airliner made its debut, powered by coupled Bristol Centaurus piston engines before the Bristol Proteus turboprops for longer ranges like London-New York nonstop. A modified Vickers Viscount

3136-462: The same size. Derived from short takeoff and landing aircraft. short takeoff and landing aircraft (STOL), heavier-than-air craft, capable of rising from and descending to the ground with only a short length of runway, but incapable of doing so vertically. The precise definition of an STOL aircraft has not been universally agreed upon. However, it has been tentatively defined as an aircraft that upon taking off needs only 1,000 ft (305 m) of runway to clear

3200-455: The sand. The Twin Otter is also used for landing at Juancho E. Yrausquin Airport , the world's shortest commercial runway, on the Caribbean island of Saba , Netherlands Antilles . The Twin Otter has been popular with commercial skydiving operations. It can carry up to 22 skydivers to over 5,200 m (17,000 ft) (a large load compared to most other aircraft in the industry); presently,

3264-621: The spectator area, killing 29 and its two crew. In 1958, the Fairey Rotodyne was the star attraction, with its "tip-jet" powered rotors, transitioning from a helicopter vertical takeoff and hover to autogiro flight, exceeding helicopter speeds. In 1962, the last time the show was held annually, the Hawker P.1127 , the VTOL precursor to the Harrier jump jet , made its debut, along with

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3328-578: The type since 1980, usually having an example based at Presidente Frei Antarctic base of the South Shetland Islands . Alfredo Stroessner , Paraguayan head of state from 1954 until 1989, used a Twin Otter as a presidential aircraft; although the Twin Otter remained in the Paraguayan Air Force inventory after he was deposed, subsequent presidents switched to other, private aircraft for official duties. As of August 2006,

3392-563: The weekend. The Farnborough International Airshow is the second-largest show of its kind after the Paris Air Show . The event is held in mid-July in even-numbered years at Farnborough International Exhibition & Conference Centre in Hampshire , United Kingdom . Flying occurs on all five days, and there are also static displays of aircraft outside and booths and stands in the indoor exhibition halls. The airshow alternates with

3456-433: The wings) and by a forward slip (causing the aeroplane to fly somewhat sideways through the air to increase drag). Normally, a STOL aircraft will have a large wing for its weight. These wings often use aerodynamic devices like flaps, slots , slats , and vortex generators . Typically, designing an aircraft for excellent STOL performance reduces maximum speed, but does not reduce payload lifting ability. The payload

3520-481: The world's largest operator of Twin Otters. During one period of its tenure in Norway, the Twin Otter fleet achieved over 96,000 cycles (take-off, flight, and landing) per year. A number of commuter airlines in the United States got their start by operating Twin Otters in scheduled passenger operations. Houston Metro Airlines (which later changed its name to Metro Airlines ) constructed their own STOLport airstrip with

3584-541: Was US$ 680,000, In 1976, a new -300 would have cost $ 700,000 ($ 3 million 31 years later) and is still worth more than $ 2.5 million in 2018 despite the -400 introduction, many years after the -300 production ceased. 844 had been produced by the time the first production end run ended in 1988. After Series 300 production ended, the remaining tooling was purchased by Viking Air of Victoria, British Columbia , which manufactures replacement parts for out-of-production de Havilland Canada aircraft. On 24 February 2006, Viking purchased

3648-503: Was about 24 aircraft per year. In April 2015, Viking announced a reduction of the production rate to 18 aircraft per year. On 17 June 2015, Viking announced a partnership with a Chinese firm, Reignwood Aviation Group ; the group would purchase 50 aircraft and become the exclusive supplier of new Series 400 Twin Otters in China. Major changes introduced with the Series 400 include Honeywell Primus Apex fully integrated avionics , deletion of

3712-635: Was also served with scheduled airline flights operated with Twin Otter aircraft. The Walt Disney World Airport , also known as the Lake Buena Vista STOLport, was a private airfield constructed by The Walt Disney Company with Twin Otter operations in mind. In the early 1970s, Shawnee Airlines operated scheduled Twin Otter flights between the Disney resort and nearby Orlando Jetport, now Orlando International Airport , as well as to Tampa International Airport . This service by Shawnee Airlines

3776-491: Was announced that the public flying days at the airshow would not continue. "Negative and vitriolic feedback" following the 2018 airshow, falling visitor numbers and tighter regulations introduced in the wake of the crash at Shoreham – which made it impossible for exhibitors such as the Red Arrows to perform aerobatics close to populated areas – were given as factors that contributed towards the decision. Farnborough would be

3840-569: Was held on 27 June 1932 and some of the aircraft were on static display in the "new aircraft park" during the previous weekend when the Royal Air Force pageant was held. For the sixth annual display in 1938 the event moved to the nearby de Havilland airfield at Hatfield , the last before the Second World War . The show recommenced in 1946 at Handley Page works at Radlett in north London until 1947. In 1948, it moved to

3904-577: Was introduced, beginning with serial number 231. Both aircraft performance and payload were improved by fitting more powerful PT6A-27 engines. This was a 680 hp (510 kW) engine that was flat rated to 620 hp (460 kW) for use in the Series 300 Twin Otter. The Series 300 proved to be the most successful variant by far, with 614 Series 300 aircraft and their subvariants (Series 310 for United Kingdom operators, Series 320 for Australian operators, etc.) sold before production in Toronto by de Havilland Canada ended in 1988. In 1972, its unit cost

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3968-472: Was restarting production of the Twin Otter, equipped with more powerful Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-34 engines. As of November 2007, 40 firm orders and 10 options had been taken and a new final assembly plant was established in Calgary , Alberta . Zimex Aviation of Switzerland received the first new production aircraft, serial number 845, in July 2010. By mid-2014, Viking had built 55 new aircraft at its Calgary facility. The production rate as of summer 2014

4032-445: Was shown after it had begun flight-testing the year before. The double-delta Saab Viggen debuted in 1972 along with the Lockheed TriStar trijet widebody , powered by Rolls-Royce RB211s , in national British carrier BEA colours. The Mach 3 Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird , and the C-5 Galaxy military airlifter, were shown in 1974. In 1978, the CASA C-101 was flown in the airshow after flight-testing earlier that same year. In 1982,

4096-399: Was shown with Rolls-Royce Tay turbojets in a configuration mimicked later by the Boeing 737 . In 1952, the futuristic Avro Vulcan delta bomber was displayed a few days after its first flight, along with the giant Saunders-Roe Princess double-decker flying boat powered by ten Proteus turboprops, one month after its maiden flight, but a de Havilland 110 disintegrated and crashed into

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