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46-718: To dig is to remove solid material from a surface. Dig or DIG may also refer to: Dig Many kinds of animals engage in digging, either as part of burrowing behavior or to search for food or water under the surface of the ground. Historically, humans have engaged in digging for both of these reasons, and for a variety of additional reasons, such as engaging in agriculture and gardening , searching for minerals , metals , and other raw materials such as during mining and quarrying , preparing for construction , making fortifications and irrigation , and also excavations in archaeology , searching for fossils and rocks in palaeontology and geology and burial of

92-410: A folk dance , a social dance , a group dance such as a line , circle , chain or square dance , or a partner dance such as is common in western Western ballroom dancing , is undertaken primarily for a common purpose, such as entertainment, social interaction or exercise , of participants rather than onlookers. The many forms of dance provide recreation for all age groups and cultures. Music

138-867: A highway , clay might be excavated for use in brick -making, gravel to be used for making concrete , etc. In some cases, the borrow pits may become filled with ground water , forming recreational areas or sustainable wildlife habitats (one such example is the Merton Borrow Pit, near Oxford in central England , excavated to provide materials for the nearby M40 motorway ). In other cases, borrow pits may be used for landfill and waste disposal . Borrow pits are common archaeological features in Waikato , where sand and gravel were dug to mix with clay topsoils to improve their drainage and friability, to suit growth of kūmara and taro , brought by Māori from tropical islands. A regional variation of this

184-485: A hobby / passion and not for monetary profit. The quality of some amateur work may be highly specialized or eclectic in choice of subjects. Amateur photography is often pre-eminent in photographic subjects which have little prospect of commercial use or reward. Amateur photography grew during the late 19th century due to the popularization of the Hand-held camera . Nowadays it has spread widely through social media and

230-801: A participant be an athlete . Competition generally is less stressed than in individual or team sports organized into opposing squads in pursuit of a trophy or championship. When the activity involves exceptional excitement, physical challenge, or risk, it is sometimes referred to as "adventure recreation" or "adventure training", rather than an extreme sport . Other traditional examples of outdoor recreational activities include hiking , camping , mountaineering , cycling , canoeing , caving , kayaking , rafting , rock climbing , running , sailing , skiing , sky diving and surfing . As new pursuits, often hybrids of prior ones, emerge, they gain their own identities, such as coasteering , canyoning , fastpacking , and plogging . Participatory dance whether it be

276-483: A recreational activity may become work, and vice versa. Thus, for a musician, playing an instrument may be at one time a profession, and at another a recreation. Similarly, it may be difficult to separate education from recreation as in the case of recreational mathematics . Recreation has many health benefits, and, accordingly, Therapeutic Recreation has been developed to take advantage of this effect. The National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC)

322-583: A regular basis. A hobby is considered to be a regular activity that is done for enjoyment, typically during one's leisure time , not professionally and not for pay. Hobbies include collecting themed items and objects, engaging in creative and artistic pursuits, playing sports, or pursuing other amusements. Participation in hobbies encourages acquiring substantial skills and knowledge in that area. A list of hobbies changes with renewed interests and developing fashions, making it diverse and lengthy. Hobbies tend to follow trends in society, for example stamp collecting

368-557: A wild boar in the arms of one of the skeletons. As human technology advanced, digging began to be used for agriculture , mining , and in earthworks , and new techniques and technologies were developed to suit these purposes. In construction and civil engineering , a borrow pit , also known as a sand box, is an area where material (usually soil , gravel or sand ) has been dug for use at another location. Borrow pits can be found close to many major construction projects. For example, soil might be excavated to fill an embankment for

414-755: A wooden handle. Because digging is a cutting process, particularly where the soil being dug contains plant roots , digging is aided by the shovel being sharpened. Historically, manual shoveling (often in combination with picking ) was the chief means of excavation in construction, mining , and quarrying , and digging projects employed large numbers of people. After the Industrial Revolution , mechanization via steam shovels and later hydraulic equipment ( excavators such as backhoes and loaders ) gradually replaced most manual shoveling; however, individual homeowners still often find reasons to engage in manual digging during smaller-scale projects around

460-451: Is a measure of the material to be excavated (dug) with conventional excavation equipment such as a bulldozer with rippers , backhoe , scraper and other grading equipment. Materials that cannot be excavated with conventional excavation equipment are said to be non- rippable . Such material typically requires pre- blasting or use of percussion hammers or chisels to facilitate excavation. The excavatability or rippability of earth materials

506-455: Is a strong focus on using and learning practical skills and applying them to reference designs. There is also growing work on equity and the maker culture . Any structured form of play could become a game. Games are played sometimes purely for recreation, sometimes for achievement or monetary rewards as well. They are played for recreation alone, in teams, or online; by amateurs. Professionals can play as part of their work for entertainment of

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552-583: Is an essential element of human biology and psychology . Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment , amusement , or pleasure and are considered to be " fun ". The term recreation appears to have been used in English first in the late 14th century, first in the sense of "refreshment or curing of a sick person", and derived turn from Latin ( re : "again", creare : "to create, bring forth, beget"). People spend their time on activities of daily living , work , sleep , social duties and leisure,

598-632: Is an essential part of human life and finds many different forms which are shaped naturally by individual interests but also by the surrounding social construction. Recreational activities can be communal or solitary, active or passive, outdoors or indoors, healthy or harmful, and useful for society or detrimental. Some recreational activities – such as gambling, recreational drug use , or delinquent activities – may violate societal norms and laws. A list of typical activities could be almost endless. A significant section of recreational activities are designated as hobbies which are activities done for pleasure on

644-446: Is an important factor in the economy; it has been estimated that the outdoor recreation sector alone contributes $ 730 billion annually to the U.S. economy and generates 6.5 million jobs. A recreation center is a place for recreational activities usually administered by a municipal government agency. Swimming, basketball, weightlifting, volleyball and kids' play areas are very common. A recreation specialist would be expected to meet

690-430: Is carried out throughout different platforms and equipment, including the use of cell phone. Clear pictures can now be taken with a cell phone which is a key tool for making photography more accessible to everyone. Many recreational activities are organized, typically by public institutions, voluntary group-work agencies, private groups supported by membership fees, and commercial enterprises. Examples of each of these are

736-551: Is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from recreation, religious or ceremonial purposes, or for entertainment. When music was only available through sheet music scores, such as during the Classical and Romantic eras in Europe, music lovers would buy the sheet music of their favourite pieces and songs so that they could perform them at home on their instruments. Video games are immersive experiences that leave some of

782-421: Is evaluated typically by a geophysicist , engineering geologist , or geotechnical engineer . The rippability of an earth ( rock ) material is a measure of its ability to be excavated with conventional excavation equipment. A material may be classified as rippable, marginally rippable or non-rippable. The rippability of a material is often evaluated by an engineering geologist and/or geophysicist utilizing

828-477: Is termed " barrow pit " in the western United States (especially the Rocky Mountains). The localism—sometimes pronounced "borrer pit"—describes the ditch along a roadway. These ditches were excavated to provide the fill to level and crown the roadway and subsequently provided drainage for the road. An excavation lake (also a flooded gravel pit ) is an artificial lake , which usually has its origins in

874-400: Is that leisure is just "spare time", time not consumed by the necessities of living, another holds that leisure is a force that allows individuals to consider and reflect on the values and realities that are missed in the activities of daily life, thus being an essential element of personal development and civilization. This direction of thought has even been extended to the view that leisure is

920-492: Is the nationally recognized credentialing organization for the profession of Therapeutic Recreation. Professionals in the field of Therapeutic Recreation who are certified by the NCTRC are called "Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialists". The job title "Recreation Therapist" is identified in the U.S. Dept of Labor's Occupation Outlook. Such therapy is applied in rehabilitation , psychiatric facilities for youth and adults, and in

966-770: The National Park Service , the YMCA , the Kiwanis , and Walt Disney World . Public space such as parks and beaches are essential venues for many recreational activities and Tourism has recognized that many visitors are specifically attracted by recreational offerings. In particular, beach and waterfront promenades such as the beach area of Venice Beach in California, the Promenade de la Croisette in Cannes,

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1012-601: The Promenade des Anglais in Nice or the lungomare of Barcola with Miramare Castle in Trieste are important recreational areas for the city population on the one hand and on the other also important tourist destinations with all advantages and disadvantages for the locals. In support of recreational activities government has taken an important role in their creation, maintenance, and organization, and whole industries have developed merchandise or services. Recreation-related business

1058-511: The maker culture include engineering-oriented pursuits such as home improvement , electronics , robotics , 3-D printing , and the use of Computer Numeric Control tools, as well as more traditional activities such as metalworking , woodworking , and, mainly, its predecessor, traditional arts and crafts . The subculture stresses a cut-and-paste approach to standardized hobbyist technologies , and encourages cookbook re-use of designs published on websites and maker-oriented publications. There

1104-419: The seismic refraction equipment (see refraction ). Rippability studies can involve the performance of seismic refraction traverses, the drilling of borings with an air percussion drill rig, the excavation of test trenches with a bulldozer with rippers or backhoe, and by geologic mapping. Cave-in of an excavation is the detachment of the mass of soil in the side of the trench and its displacement into

1150-595: The US, about half of all adults read one or more books for pleasure each year. About 5% read more than 50 books per year. Like drawing, painting has its documented origins in caves and on rock faces. The finest examples, believed by some to be 32,000 years old, are in the Chauvet and Lascaux caves in southern France. In shades of red, brown, yellow and black, the paintings on the walls and ceilings are of bison, cattle, horses and deer. Paintings of human figures can be found in

1196-648: The United States, most states have a professional organization for continuing education and certification in recreation management. The National Recreation and Park Association administers a certification program called the CPRP (Certified Park and Recreation Professional) that is considered a national standard for professional recreation specialist practices. Since the beginning of the 2000s, there are more and more online booking / ticketing platforms for recreational activities that emerged. Many of them leveraged

1242-482: The aesthetics to be defined by the player while reserving the author's authority on the latter. Woodworking, photography, moviemaking , jewelry making , software projects such as Photoshopping and home music or video production , making bracelets , artistic projects such as drawing, painting, Cosplay (design, creation, and wearing of a costume based on an already existing creative property), creating models out of card stock or paper (called papercraft ) fall under

1288-410: The audience. The games could be board games , puzzles , computer or video games . Recreation engaged in out of doors, most commonly in natural settings. The activities themselves — such as fishing , hunting , backpacking , and horseback riding — characteristically dependent on the environment practiced in. While many of these activities can be classified as sports , they do not all demand that

1334-462: The care of the elderly, the disabled, or people with chronic diseases. Recreational physical activity is important to reduce obesity, and the risk of osteoporosis and of cancer, most significantly in men that of colon and prostate, and in women that of the breast; however, not all malignancies are reduced as outdoor recreation has been linked to a higher risk of melanoma . Extreme adventure recreation naturally carries its own hazards. Recreation

1380-497: The case of the lakes in the Attenborough Nature Reserve . Although humans are capable of digging in sand and soil using their bare hands, digging is often more easily accomplished with tools. The most basic tool for digging is the shovel . In neolithic times and earlier, a large animal's scapula (shoulder blade) was often used as a crude shovel. In modern times, shovels are typically made of metal, with

1426-516: The category visual arts . Many of these are practised for recreation. Drawing goes back at least 16,000 years to Paleolithic cave representations of animals such as those at Lascaux in France and Altamira in Spain. In ancient Egypt , ink drawings on papyrus , often depicting people, were used as models for painting or sculpture. Drawings on Greek vases , initially geometric, later developed to

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1472-454: The dead prevents diseases associated with the presence of corpses, and prevents scavengers and other predators from being attracted. The earliest undisputed human burial discovered so far dates back 100,000 years. Human skeletal remains stained with red ochre were discovered in the Skhul cave at Qafzeh , Israel. A variety of grave goods were present at the site, including the mandible of

1518-795: The dead. There are a wide variety of reasons for which humans dig holes , trenches , and other subsurface structures. It has long been observed that humans have a seemingly instinctive desire to dig holes in the ground, manifesting in childhood . Like other animals, humans dig in the ground to find food and water. Wood-lined water wells are known from the early Neolithic Linear Pottery culture , for example in Kückhoven (an outlying centre of Erkelenz ), dated 5090 BC and Eythra , dated 5200 BC in Schletz (an outlying centre of Asparn an der Zaya ) in Austria . Humans are unique among animals in

1564-413: The excavation of gravel or sand for construction materials or in some other kind of surface mining . In many cases, the excavation holes are landscaped according to the land restoration required by law. Because the excavation reached a point below the water table , lakes form naturally. Less frequently, excavation lakes are intentionally made, especially as recreation areas . In Germany and Austria

1610-501: The hole, which represents a hazard to the person inside. Cave-ins are considered the largest risk when working within trenches. Cave-ins can be caused by a combination of pressure on soil, vibration from equipment, and excessive loads. Several techniques are used to minimize the likelihood of cave-ins, including sloping, shoring and shielding . Recreation Recreation is an activity of leisure , leisure being discretionary time. The "need to do something for recreation"

1656-428: The home. Different methods of digging can also result in different excavation depth and force, potentially risking exposure or damage to subsurface pipelines and wiring. In the United States and Canada, homeowners and contractors are required to notify a utility-run call center before digging to ensure they do not strike buried utilities and infrastructure. The excavatability of an earth (rock and regolith ) material

1702-418: The human form with black-figure pottery during the 7th century BC. With paper becoming common in Europe by the 15th century, drawing was adopted by masters such as Sandro Botticelli , Raphael , Michelangelo , and Leonardo da Vinci who sometimes treated drawing as an art in its own right rather than a preparatory stage for painting or sculpture. Writing may involve letters, journals and web blogs. In

1748-401: The lakes are almost always used for fishing, since a fishery is created by law with every surface water. At some excavation lakes, beaches are added for swimming or other water sports , in particular boating, water skiing or windsurfing. To support these uses, large parking lots, changing areas, and eating areas are also set up. In some cases, the excavation lake serves as a nature reserve, as in

1794-526: The latter time being free from prior commitments to physiologic or social needs, a prerequisite of recreation. Leisure has increased with increased longevity and, for many, with decreased hours spent for physical and economic survival, yet others argue that time pressure has increased for modern people, as they are committed to too many tasks. Other factors that account for an increased role of recreation are affluence, population trends, and increased commercialization of recreational offerings. While one perception

1840-502: The participant. A traditional view holds that work is supported by recreation, recreation being useful to "recharge the battery" so that work performance is improved. Work, an activity generally performed out of economic necessity and useful for society and organized within the economic framework, however can also be pleasurable and may be self-imposed thus blurring the distinction to recreation. Many activities in entertainment are work for one person and recreation for another. Over time,

1886-900: The practice of burial of the dead . Intentional burial, particularly with grave goods , may be one of the earliest detectable forms of religious practice since, as Philip Lieberman suggests, it may signify a "concern for the dead that transcends daily life". Evidence suggests that the Neanderthals were the first human species to practice burial behavior and intentionally bury their dead, doing so in shallow graves along with stone tools and animal bones. Exemplary sites include Shanidar in Iraq, Kebara Cave in Israel and Krapina in Croatia. Some scholars, however, argue that these bodies may have been disposed of for secular reasons. Notably, burial of

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1932-763: The purpose of work, and a reward in itself, and "leisure life" reflects the values and character of a nation. Leisure is human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . Recreation is difficult to separate from the general concept of play , which is usually the term for children's recreational activity. Children may playfully imitate activities that reflect the realities of adult life. It has been proposed that play or recreational activities are outlets of or expression of excess energy, channeling it into socially acceptable activities that fulfill individual as well as societal needs, without need for compulsion, and providing satisfaction and pleasure for

1978-400: The recreational needs of a community or assigned interest group. Educational institutions offer courses that lead to a degree as a Bachelor of Arts in recreation management. People with such degrees often work in parks and recreation centers in towns, on community projects and activities. Networking with instructors, budgeting , and evaluation of continuing programs are common job duties. In

2024-789: The terms describing the building, modifying , or repairing things without the direct aid of experts or professionals. Academic research has described DIY as behaviors where "individuals engage raw and semi-raw materials and parts to produce, transform, or reconstruct material possessions, including those drawn from the natural environment (e.g., landscaping)". DIY behavior can be triggered by various motivations previously categorized as marketplace motivations (economic benefits, lack of product availability, lack of product quality, need for customization), and identity enhancement ( craftsmanship , empowerment, community seeking, uniqueness). They could involve crafts that requires particular skills and knowledge of skilled work . Typical interests enjoyed by

2070-588: The tombs of ancient Egypt. In the great temple of Ramses II , Nefertari , his queen, is depicted being led by Isis . Greek and Roman art like the Hellenistic Fayum mummy portraits and Battle of Issus at Pompeii contributed to Byzantine art in the 4th century BC, which initiated a tradition in icon painting. Models of aeroplanes, boats, cars, tanks, artillery, and even figures of soldiers and superheroes are popular subjects to build, paint and display. An amateur photographer practices photography as

2116-456: Was popular during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as postal systems were the main means of communication, while video games are more popular nowadays following technological advances. The advancing production and technology of the nineteenth century provided workers with more availability in leisure time to engage in hobbies. Because of this, the efforts of people investing in hobbies has increased with time. Bricolage and DIY are some of

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