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60-521: Bad Doberan is situated just 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of Rostock 's city centre and is therefore part of one of the most developed regions in the north-eastern part of Germany. The town nestles between beech tree forests just 6 km from the Baltic Sea and is one of the earliest German settlements in Mecklenburg. Today the town is a very popular bathing resort, thanks to Heiligendamm ,

120-589: A district of Bad Doberan situated directly at the cliff line of the Baltic. Historically, Doberan used to be the summer residence for the Mecklenburg Dukes who resided in Schwerin , and for their entourage. The name Doberan, originally Dobran , is a place name that probably derives from a Slavic Old Polabian personal name, meaning "good" ( dobry ). According to legend, the name Doberan originated when

180-682: A healing spa. In 2005 the new town hall was inaugurated. On 13 July 2006 the US president, George W. Bush , stayed overnight in Heiligendamm. From 6 to 8 June 2007, the G8 Summit took place in Heiligendamm, which included participation by Stephen Harper (Canada), Nicolas Sarkozy (France), Angela Merkel (Germany), Romano Prodi (Italy), Shinzō Abe (Japan), Vladimir Putin (Russia), George W. Bush (USA), Tony Blair (UK) and José Manuel Durão Barroso (EU). The classicist buildings characterizing

240-586: A long time. The citizens razed (or slighted) the fortress the following spring. From 1575 to 1577 the city walls were rebuilt, as was the Lagebusch tower and the Stein Gate, in the Dutch Renaissance style. The inscription sit intra te concordia et publica felicitas ("Let there be harmony and public happiness within you"), can still be read on the gate, and refers directly to the conflict with

300-409: A riot known as Domfehde , a failed uprising of the impoverished population. Subsequent quarrels with the dukes and persistent plundering led ultimately to a loss of the city's economic and political power. In 1565 there were further clashes with Schwerin that had far-reaching consequences. Among other things, the nobility introduced a beer excise that favoured the dukes. John Albert I advanced on

360-480: A second round. The current mayor of Rostock is Eva-Maria Kröger of The Left , who was elected mayor in 2022 and took office on 1 February 2023. She won in the second round with 58.4% of votes against senior police officer Michael Ebert, an independent backed by the Christian Democratic Union , Independent Citizens for Rostock, and Free Democratic Party . The most recent mayoral election

420-464: A settlement at the Warnow river called Roztoc (* ras-tokŭ , Slavic for "fork of a river"); the name Rostock is derived from that designation. The Danish king Valdemar I set the town on fire in 1161. Afterwards the place was settled by German traders. Initially there were three separate cities: In 1218, Rostock was granted Lübeck law city rights by Heinrich Borwin , prince of Mecklenburg. During

480-512: A simplified manner. The 15th-century Kerkhofhaus (at Große Wasserstraße, behind the Town Hall) is considered the best-preserved brick Gothic house in Rostock. St. Mary's Church Marienkirche , on Ziegenmarkt, is an imposing Brick Gothic church. Built in the 13th century, it was enlarged and modified at the end of the 14th century into the present cross-shaped basilica. The huge tower

540-659: Is a member of the Association of Baltic Academies of Music (ABAM), a union of 17 music conservatories at the Baltic Sea and Israel. Unique in Europe is the postgraduate degree in piano duo performance. The school possesses a large opera stage (Katharinensaal) and two chamber music halls. There are concerts every day throughout the year. Rostock also hosts the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research and

600-423: Is about 16 km (10 mi) to the north of the historic city centre. The west and the southeast are the most densely populated parts of town. The overseas port is to the east of Rostock. Rostock stretches 21.6 km (13.4 mi) from the Baltic Sea to the south and 19.4 km (12.1 mi) from east to west. Rostock has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ) with strong influence of

660-515: Is also home to the " Molli ", a historic 19th century steam railway that is a tourist attraction as well as a daily commuter service in the town and to the nearby beach village. The town hosts an annual festival celebrating the music of Frank Zappa , the Zappanale , and also displays a bust of the artist. Every year the Zappanale music festival takes place in Bad Doberan. Bad Doberan

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720-555: Is an old Franciscan monastery founded in 1243, and extended several times during the 14th and 15th centuries. Now used as the seat of the Academy of Music and Theatre (HMT-Rostock). The Brick Gothic Nikolaikirche (St. Nicholas Church), which is the oldest church in Rostock, was built in the mid-13th century. Heavily damaged during World War II and subsequently restored, the building is now used as an exhibition centre and concert hall, due to its outstanding acoustics. Some parts of

780-646: Is home to the oldest university in the Baltic region and one of the oldest universities in the world , the University of Rostock , founded in 1419. The university's hospital, Universitätsmedizin Rostock , is one of two university hospitals in the state, along with Universitätsmedizin Greifswald of the University of Greifswald in Western Pomerania . In the 11th century Polabian Slavs founded

840-492: Is mainly characterised by maritime industries (especially shipbuilding ), high-tech industries ( IT , biotechnology / life sciences , medical engineering ), the University of Rostock , tourism and the service sector. Major companies include: Rostock is home to one of the oldest universities in the world. Founded in 1419, the University of Rostock is the third oldest university in Germany in continuous operation, and one of

900-649: Is the fourth largest port in Germany after the North Sea ports of Hamburg , Bremen / Bremerhaven , and Wilhelmshaven , and the largest port on the German Baltic coast. The ferry routes between Rostock to Gedser in Denmark and to Trelleborg in Southern Sweden are among the busiest between Germany and Scandinavia . Rostock–Laage Airport lies in a rural region southeast of the city . The city

960-541: The Althof three kilometres southeast of the town, now a suburb of Bad Doberan. In 1179, these monasteries were largely destroyed in a Slavic uprising. Seven years later, the Cistercians made a second attempt to found a monastery on the site of today's abbey. The Romanesque abbey church, dedicated in 1232, was replaced by a high Gothic church after the fire of 1291, the construction of which probably began in 1295, with

1020-469: The Baltic Sea , more similar to Denmark and far southern Sweden than to the rest of Germany. The main difference with lower Scandinavia is that the continuous landmass to the south and east enables stronger bursts of heat during summer. In spite of this, the Warnemünde station is generally less warm on the average summer day than on the northern side of the sea. In addition, the maritime influence of

1080-546: The Battle of Lübeck , in which he led some of the cavalry charges himself. By the time of the surrender, the exhausted Prussians had neither food nor ammunition. In the first half of the 19th century, Rostock regained much of its economic importance, due at first to the wheat trade, then, from the 1850s, to industry, especially its shipyards. The first propeller-driven steamers in Germany were constructed here. The city grew in area and population, with new quarters developing in

1140-640: The German Reunification , population Rostock decline due to many people who moved to former West Germany. Since 2003, Rostock's population starts to grow again due to students and new companies. Rostock has had three different coats of arms, known as the Signum , the Secretum and the Sigillum . The Signum, which can be traced back to 1367, was developed last and is to this day the coat of arms of

1200-526: The Kammerhof (the old monastery farm), two pubs, a brickworks, a blacksmith and several cottagers ( Kötter ). It changed little after the monastery was transferred in 1552 to the sovereign. A ducal office was established in the monastery, and a mill and hunter's lodge appeared. Doberan suffered badly in the Thirty Years' War . The status of Doberan was considerably enhanced the 18th century when

1260-556: The Nazi Party had an absolute majority in the town council assembly, and published articles still exist from that time, so it was generally accepted that Hitler was really honoured in this way. With the town hosting the G8 summit in June 2007, it was decided on April 2 that Hitler should be removed from the town's roll of honour, although normally an honorary citizenship of this kind ends upon

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1320-839: The Rostock-Lichtenhagen riots which occurred from 22 to 24 August 1992. Rostock has a population of about 210,000 people and is the largest city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state. Rostock became a member of Hanseatic League in 15th century, which made Rostock a larger city. Rostock reached its peak of over 100,000 in 1935. In the East Germany era, Rostock was the largest and most important port of East Germany where many sailors and boatmen moved to this city. It also brought many harbour and other industiries to Rostock. Rostock reached its historical peak of population in 1988 with population of about 254,000. After

1380-603: The Stettin-Rostock offensive operation . After the war, Rostock – now in the German Democratic Republic – became East Germany's largest seaport. The state expanded the national shipyards in the district of Warnemünde . The city's population, boosted in part by resettled ethnic German refugees who had been expelled from territories in the east, increased in the GDR years to a peak of 260,000. Following

1440-532: The Thirty Years' War (1618–48) and again from 1700 to 1721. Later in the early 19th century, the French , under Napoleon , occupied the town for about a decade until 1813. In nearby Lübeck - Ratekau , Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher , who was born in Rostock and who was one of few generals to fight on after defeat at the Battle of Jena , surrendered to the French in 1806. This was only after furious street fighting in

1500-722: The first partition of Mecklenburg following the death of Henry Borwin II of Mecklenburg in 1226, Rostock became the seat of the Lordship of Rostock , which survived for almost a century. In 1251, the city became a member of the Hanseatic League . In the 14th century it was a powerful seaport town with 12,000 inhabitants and the largest city in Mecklenburg . Ships for cruising the Baltic Sea were constructed in Rostock. The formerly independent fishing village of Warnemünde at

1560-464: The historic town centre and the monastery of Bad Doberan were thoroughly renovated as part of its urban development . In 1994, the rural district ( Landkreis ) of Bad Doberan was formed from the districts of Bad Doberan and Rostock Land and Amt Schwaan . The rehabilitation clinic of Moorbad was opened in 1996 and the Median Clinic, Heiligendamm, in 1997. Since 2000, Bad Doberan has been

1620-598: The oldest universities of the world . It also maintains a botanical garden , the Botanischer Garten Universität Rostock . The Academy of Music and Theatre ( Hochschule für Musik und Theater ) offers graduate degrees in artistic fields. Founded in 1994, the institution combined Ernst Busch , the former drama school, and the outpost school of the Hanns Eisler Music School Berlin . Today, the combined school

1680-542: The reunification of Germany in 1990, Rostock lost its privileged position as the No. 1 port of the GDR, and the city's population declined to about 200,000. However, after 2006, the population increased again. Today, Rostock and Warnemünde are significant tourist destinations on the Baltic Sea. Since the late 20th century migrants have come to Germany from Turkey and Africa seeking work. In response to high rates of joblessness and increased levels of crime , some Germans took part in

1740-532: The 1920s. In elections in the summer of 1932, when the Nazis achieved 37.3 percent, their greatest national showing in a free election, they polled 40.3 percent in Rostock. A year later, after the Nazi seizure of power and the suppression of other political parties, the Rostock city council ( Stadtrat ) was composed entirely of Nazis. During Kristallnacht on 10 November 1938, the synagogue in Rostock's Augustenstrasse

1800-456: The Baltic Sea became a part of Rostock in 1323, to secure the city's access to the sea. In 1419, the University of Rostock was founded, the oldest university in continental northern Europe and the Baltic Sea area. At the end of the 15th century, the dukes of Mecklenburg succeeded in enforcing their rule over the town of Rostock, which had until then been only nominally subject to their rule and essentially independent. They took advantage of

1860-470: The Baltic Sea tempers any Arctic blasts, ensuring slightly milder winters. The Warnemünde station is located on the open sea and thus has a stronger maritime influence and slightly smaller variations than the downtown that is further inland. The Rostock weather station has recorded the following extreme values: One of the most picturesque places in Rostock is the Neuer Markt (New Market Square), with

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1920-464: The Baltic Sea, marking the birth of the first German seaside resort, Heiligendamm . The bathers stayed in Doberan and played on slot machines (the ducal resort coffers collected 30,000 thalers of royalties from Doberan's casinos ), dancing, and horse racing (probably the first horse race in Germany took place here on 10 August 1822). Renowned architects, such as Carl Theodor Severin , students of

1980-612: The British Royal Air Force . Targets included the Heinkel and Arado plants and the shipyard, but churches and other historic structures in the city centre were also heavily damaged, among them the 14th-century Nikolaikirche (St Nicholas Church) and Jakobikirche (St Jacob's Church). The ruins of the latter were pulled down in 1960. The city was eventually captured by the Soviet 2nd Belorussian Front on 2 May 1945 during

2040-532: The Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Frederick Francis I chose it for the recreation and entertainment of the ducal family, the Mecklenburg nobility and, later, some of the wealthy bourgeoisie too. From England it been realised that swimming in the sea was especially beneficial to health. As a result, in 1793, the duke bathed on the advice of his Rostock physician, Samuel Gottlieb Vogel , at the Heiliger Damm in

2100-497: The Duke. In 1584 the Second Rostock Inheritance Agreement was enforced, which resulted in a further loss of former city tax privileges. At the same time, these inheritance contracts put paid to Rostock's ambition of achieving imperial immediacy , as Lübeck had done in 1226. The strategic location of Rostock provoked the envy of its rivals. Danes and Swedes occupied the city twice, first during

2160-702: The German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the state, close to the border with Pomerania . With around 210,000 inhabitants, it is the third-largest city on the German Baltic coast after Kiel and Lübeck , the eighth-largest city in the area of former East Germany , as well as the 39th-largest city of Germany. Rostock was the largest coastal and most important port city in East Germany. Rostock stands on

2220-911: The Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, as well as two branches of Fraunhofer Institutes, one for Computer Graphics and one for Large Structures in Production Technology. The municipal theatre is the Volkstheater Rostock where the Norddeutsche Philharmonie Rostock plays. The city is home to the annual Hanse Sail festival, during which many large sailing ships and museum vessels are brought out to sea, drawing over 1.5 million visitors. An annual jazz festival, Ostsee-Jazz ("Baltic Sea Jazz"), takes place in June. Kamp (Bad Doberan) Too Many Requests If you report this error to

2280-616: The Town Hall – that was originally built in the 13th century in Brick Gothic style, but extensively transformed in the 18th century, with the addition of a Baroque façade and a banqueting hall. The square also preserved six original, carefully restored gable houses from the 15th and 16th centuries. The other historical houses in Hanseatic style that once bordered the square were destroyed in an Allied air-raid in 1942, and rebuilt in

2340-437: The area east of the river is dominated by the port, industrial estates, and the forested Rostock Heath . The city's coastline east and west of the river mouth is relatively undeveloped, with long sandy beaches prevailing. The name of the city is of Slavic origin. Rostock is the economic center of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and the state's only regiopolis (a city outside the core of a metropolitan area). The port of Rostock

2400-556: The centre of the town. The town earned the status of a resort and the prefix Bad in 1921 ("Bad" means "spa" or "resort" and is a common prefix in Germany). In August 1932, Adolf Hitler was granted an honorary citizenship; Bad Doberan was the first town in Germany to do so. In fact, as the certificate was lost, there was disagreement for several years as to whether he had been granted honorary citizenship or not. However, in Spring 1932

2460-645: The centres of Bad Doberan and Heiligendamm were all built between 1801 and 1836 by the architect, Carl Theodor Severin. However, the most famous building is the Doberan Minster ( Doberaner Münster , 1368), which was once the church of Doberan Abbey , and is one of the most impressive examples of Brick Gothic architecture in the Baltic Sea region. It is the most important religious sight on the European Route of Brick Gothic . The monumental grave of King Albert of Sweden can be found there. Bad Doberan

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2520-419: The city council was the city mayor. In the 19th century there were three mayors. Since 1925, the head of the city has borne the title of Mayor . Having been elected by the city council for centuries, since 2002 this position is now elected directly by the citizens of Rostock, following a reform. If a candidate does not achieve an absolute majority in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes stand in

2580-418: The city with 500 horsemen, after Rostock had refused to take the formal oath of allegiance, and had the city wall razed (slighted) to have a fortress built. The conflict did not end until the first Rostock Inheritance Agreement of 21 September 1573, in which the state princes were guaranteed hereditary rule over the city for centuries and recognizing them as the supreme judicial authority; this bound Rostock for

2640-450: The city. The Signum depicts a golden griffin on a blue background, with bars of silver and red, the colours of the Hanseatic League , below. It can be seen not only on flags and houses, and at bus stops, but also on bridges, gullies, fences, ships and restaurants. Since the 13th century, the governing body of the city has been the city council ( Rat ), first consisting of ten, later of 24 elected aldermen ( Ratsherren ). The chairman of

2700-542: The critically acclaimed Chinese-style pavilions, including the gem of garden architecture, the so-called Kamp . The prince's gratitude to the builder who shaped the appearance of Doberan so much, was thin; Severin died in poverty and oblivion in Bad Doberan, where he is buried at an unknown location. The heyday (1793: 900, 1840, 3,000, 1870: 4,000 inhabitants) only lasted a few decades. Gradually Heiligendamm evolved, once just an appendage of Doberan's, into an independent resort, and around Doberan it became quiet again. Neither

2760-459: The death of the person involved. On June 12, 2011, a document surfaced that most likely points to Rosenkopf as the first German town to grant Adolf Hitler honorary citizenship (July 22, 1932), not Bad Doberan. From about 1965 to 1985 the large residential areas of Buchenberg, with 1,049 homes, and Kammerhof with 589 homes, were built in Plattenbau style. After the end of the GDR in 1990,

2820-512: The estuary of the River Warnow into the Bay of Mecklenburg of the Baltic Sea. The city stretches for about 16 km (10 mi) along the river. The river flows into the sea in the very north of the city, between the boroughs of Warnemünde and Hohe Düne. The city center lies further upstream, in the very south of the city. Most of Rostock's inhabitants live on the western side of the Warnow;

2880-410: The granting of town rights to Doberan in 1879 (motto: Hirsch, crook and swan, are the arms of Doberan) nor the construction of the railway line from Rostock via Bad Doberan to Wismar in 1883/84, nor the establishment of a narrow gauge steam railway between 1886 and 1910 altered the situation much. The railway, known locally as Molli still runs today via Heiligendamm to Kühlungsborn , passing through

2940-583: The hanseatic city of Rostock, the administrative district of Rostock , the Regional Planning Association Middle Mecklenburg/Rostock and the local business organisations are working on the promotion and advancement of the concept. Rostock is located nearly centrally on Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 's Baltic Sea coast. The city is crossed by the Warnow . The seaside part of Rostock, Rostock- Warnemünde ,

3000-404: The medieval city wall , with four city gates , have survived to the present day. The city has a large population of herring gulls that squawk loudly most days throughout the year. Warnemünde is the seaside part of Rostock and a major attraction of the city. Locals and tourists alike enjoy the maritime flair of old houses, a large beach, a lighthouse and the old fisherman's port. The economy

3060-468: The monastery was being built. It is said that a passing deer startled several swans, who shrieked with terror " dobre dobre ". Whereupon the monks called the place Doberan. Even today, a deer and swan adorn the arms of the town. Bad Doberan was documented in 1177 as villa Slavica Doberan , but as early as 1171 Cistercian monks from Amelungsborn Abbey in the Weser Uplands founded a monastery in

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3120-657: The original Heinkel firm's Rostock facilities had been renamed Heinkel-Nord . The world's first airworthy jet plane prototype made its test flights at their facilities in what used to be named the Rostock - Marienehe  [ de ] neighborhood (today's Rostock - Schmarl community, along the west bank of the Unterwarnow estuary). In the early 1930s, the Nazi Party gained in popularity among Rostock's voters, many of whom had suffered economic hardship during

3180-534: The remaining parts of the Romanesque church being incorporated into the new building. The Gothic church was consecrated in 1368. The Doberan Abbey became very rich due to its economic activities is and had a large estate. Until the dissolution of the monasteries during the Reformation in 1552, it shaped the development of the village of Doberan. In addition to the monastery, there was a craftsman's village,

3240-610: The south and west of the ancient borders of the city. Two notable developments were added to house the increasing population at around 1900: In the 20th century, important aircraft manufacturing facilities were situated in the city, such as the Arado Flugzeugwerke in Warnemünde and the Heinkel Works with facilities at various places, including their secondary Heinkel-Süd facility in Schwechat, Austria , as

3300-566: The two old masters of Classicist architecture, Carl Gotthard Langhans and Friedrich Gilly , and Johann Christoph von Seydewitz built in rapid succession in the pure Classicist style: the guest house ( Logierhaus ), the parlour building ( Salongebäude ) with its prestigious ballroom in the Empire style , the Prince's Palace ( Prinzenpalais ), the Stahlbad bathing house, several town houses and

3360-446: Was destroyed by arson and dozens of Jews were beaten and imprisoned. Feverish rearmament by the Nazi regime boosted Rostock's industrial importance in the late 1930s, and employment soared at the Heinkel and Arado factories, and at the Neptunwerft shipyard. The city's population grew from 100,000 in 1935 to 121,192 in 1939. During World War II , Rostock was subjected to repeated and increasingly heavy bombing attacks, especially by

3420-445: Was held on 13 November 2022, with a runoff held on 27 November, and the results were as follows: The city parliament ( Bürgerschaft ) represents the citizens. Representative are elected for five years. The number of representatives is currently 53. The city parliament is presided by the Präsident der Bürgerschaft , who heads and prepares the sessions and, together with the mayor, represents the city. The most recent city council election

3480-441: Was held on 26 May 2019, and the results were as follows: Rostock is the first city region that defines itself not only as a city in its boundaries, but as a regiopolis , with a supra-regional sphere of influence. A regiopolis can be compared to a metropolis , but on a smaller scale. This is a sign for the inter-regional cooperation and economic dynamics that can be found in the Rostock area. A taskforce with different actors such as

3540-598: Was not completed until the end of the 18th century. Inside there is an astronomical clock erected in 1472 by Hans Düringer. The main pedestrian precinct is Kröpeliner Straße , which runs east from the Neuer Markt to the 14th-century Kröpeliner Tor , a former town gate. The main buildings of Rostock University lie at Universitätsplatz, near the middle of the street, in front of the lively fountain of zest for life (Brunnen der Lebensfreude) , known colloquially as Pornobrunn (fountain of pornography), for its nude sculptures. The Kloster St Katharinen (Convent of St. Catherine),

3600-406: Was one of the first cities that appointed Adolf Hitler in August 1932 an honorary citizen. On 2 April 2007, the city council formally withdrew his honorary citizenship. Rostock Rostock ( German: [ˈʁɔstɔk] ; Polabian : Roztoc ), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (German: Hanse- und Universitätsstadt Rostock ), is the largest city in

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