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32-481: Doi Nang Non consists of a long hill tract that lies on the west side of the highway between Chiang Rai and Mae Sai. The greater part of the range is in Mae Sai District , extending west and southwest of Pong Pha along the border with Myanmar . The mountain range is an unusual land feature when seen from certain angles as its silhouette takes the shape of a reclining woman with long hair. Its highest point

64-584: A Chiang Mai vassal. Siam (Thailand) annexed Chiang Mai in 1899, and Chiang Rai was proclaimed a province of Thailand in 1933. In 1432, during the reign of King Sam Fang Kaen of the Mangrai Dynasty (1402–1441), the Phra Kaeo, or Emerald Buddha , the most revered Buddha statue , was discovered in Chiang Rai when an earthquake split the chedi at Wat Phra Kaeo of Chiang Rai city. The jade figure

96-514: A shrine ( ศาลหลักเมือง , [sǎːn làk mɯ̄a̯ŋ] ) which is also believed to house Chao Pho Lak Mueang ( เจ้าพ่อหลักเมือง , [t͡ɕâw pʰɔ̂ː làk mɯ̄a̯ŋ] ), the city spirit deity . It was constructed because the continuation of ancient traditions and Brahman's customs believed that it has something to do with the Held, the single city pillar ceremony (Held “Lak Muang”) which is made of an Acacia wood Chaiyaphreuk ( Thai : ชัยพฤกษ์ ) before

128-406: A total height of 470 centimetres (190 in), and 74 centimetres (29 in) in diameter. Inside was a horoscope for Bangkok. However, the shrine was renovated several times during the reigns of Kings Rama IV and Mongkut, and then became dilapidated. The king therefore ordered the excavation of the old pillar and construction of a replacement, with a new horoscope for the city placed inside. In 1852

160-542: Is Doi Tung , which corresponds to the belly of the lady. There are a number of caves and underground water courses in the range area. In 1986 an eight km sector of the range which included the entrance to the main cave was declared the Tham Luang–Khun Nam Nang Non Forest Park. On 23 June 2018, a group of twelve boys aged between 11 and 16, who went to explore Tham Luang Nang Non with their assistant football coach, aged 25, went missing. The group

192-500: Is 839 kilometers from Bangkok, about 14 hours by car or by bus. According to official bus schedules, the bus ride to Chiang Rai from Chiang Mai takes approximately 3 hours and 30 minutes, All of these times should take into account the rainy season which lasts from about June to late October, this can severely inhibit travel with road sections often completely flooded and even washed out. Several flights are available to and from Bangkok daily. Chiang Rai International Airport flight time

224-557: Is about 1 hour and 30 minutes. There are several major operators including Thai Airways, Air Asia, Nok Air. There is scheduled boat service between Chiang Rai and Thaton in Chiang Mai Province daily. This journey will last about 3–4 hours and is a pleasant alternative to the bus ride through the mountains. There are currently no rail services to Chiang Rai as the railway line from Bangkok ends at Chiang Mai. Nonetheless, new 323 kilometer-long branch line, from Den Chai to

256-604: Is also the direction where most of the region's hill tribe people have their villages, further afield. The city is 860 kilometres (530 mi) north of Bangkok , about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north-east of Chiang Mai , 62 kilometres (39 mi) south of Mae Sai and the Burmese border; 60 kilometres (37 mi) south-west of the town of Chiang Saen on the Mekong River across from Laos ; and 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Phayao town. The Golden Triangle ,

288-639: Is called the sadue mueang ( Thai : สะดือเมือง ), 'navel' or ' omphalos ' of the city. In Roi Et , the city pillar is housed in a sala (open-air pavilion) on an island in the lake in the centre of the city. Bangkok's city pillar shrine (also known as san lak muang ) is one of the most ancient, sacred, and magnificent city pillar shrines in Thailand. It is believed that people will achieve prosperity and fulfillment in their work and career, avoid misfortune, and improve their luck, power, and prestige if they bow and pay their respects at this sacred place. The shrine

320-753: Is in the heart of Bangkok, opposite the grand palace in the southeast corner of the Sanam Luang and close to the Ministry of Defence . According to a historian, the shrine was built after the establishment of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (Bangkok) to replace the old capital of the Thonburi Kingdom during the reign of King Rama I of the Chakri dynasty at 06:45, Sunday, 21 April 1782. It was constructed according to ancient traditions such as

352-456: The tripoint of the Thailand, Laos and Myanmar borders, is 55 kilometres (34 mi) north-east of the city. Chiang Rai has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen climate classification Aw ). Winters are fairly dry and warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is hot with the average daily maximum at 34.5 °C (94.1 °F). The monsoon season runs from late April through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during

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384-575: The Bangkok city pillar shrine underwent renovation, including the addition of arches to house a five-city guardian deity. is popular worshipped in Tai folk religion and hinduism such as Kāla and Chitragupta . According to the In–;Chan–Mun–Kong legend of the shrine, Thai locals believed that the construction of the shrine required the sacrifice of four people after the proclamation of

416-508: The Brahmans' belief in the held , the single city pillar ceremony ( held "lak muang" ), in which a pillar of acacia wood ( chaiyapreuk ) was erected before the effort of constructing the city began. It was intended to be the spiritual centre for Thai citizens. "Chaiyapreuk" (acacia) means "tree of victory". This wood was used by Thai locals to build a pillar 270 centimetres (110 in) high, buried 200 centimetres (79 in) deep, making

448-606: The Chiang Rai Province, home to 1.1 million residents. A significant share—12.5 percent—of the population are of hill tribes descent. "Hill tribes" is a collective term for the minority ethnic groups in north Thailand such as the Karen , Akha , Lisu , Miao , and Hmong . Chiang Rai City is the capital of Chiang Rai Province . The city hall 19°54.805′N 99°49.615′E  /  19.913417°N 99.826917°E  / 19.913417; 99.826917 houses

480-576: The Lao border at Chiang Khong and passing through Chiang Rai, is under construction and is expected to open in 2028. Exploring the Majestic Beauty of Chiang Rai , Thailand 19°54′34″N 99°49′39″E  /  19.90944°N 99.82750°E  / 19.90944; 99.82750 Lak Mueang Lak mueang ( Thai : หลักเมือง , pronounced [làk mɯ̄a̯ŋ] ) are city pillars found in most cities of Thailand. Usually housed in

512-646: The Mekong River about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-east of the city. The Lao River , a tributary of the Kok, flows south of Chiang Rai. There are four bridges spanning the Kok River within the town's boundaries, each running south–north. Most of the terrain surrounding Chiang Rai town is either flat or has moderate hills. The exception is outward in the west and north-west directions, where limestone hills are evident, some of which have vertical exposed cliffs. That

544-454: The boys had been rescued. By 10 July at 19:00, all of the boys and their coach had been rescued from the cave. One of the legends goes that in ancient times a beautiful princess fell in love with a stable boy and became pregnant. Knowing their love was forbidden, they fled and went in the cave to rest. When the boy went in search of food, he was caught by the princess's father's army and killed. The distraught princess stabbed herself to death and

576-410: The capital to this town. Though this plan failed to get approval by the parliament, the idea of city pillars caught on, and in the following years several provincial towns built new shrines. In 1992, the Ministry of Interior ordered that every province should have such a shrine. As of 2010, however, a few provinces still have no city pillar shrine. In Chonburi the shrine was scheduled to be finished by

608-588: The construction of the city for a major goal to build a city and to be the centre of soul for the citizens. It was probably King Rama I who erected the first city pillar on 21 April 1782, when he moved his capital from Thonburi to Bangkok . The shrine was the first building in his new capital, the palace and other buildings being constructed later. Shortly after the shrine in Bangkok, similar shrines were built in strategic provinces to symbolise central power, such as in Songkhla . More shrines were created during

640-496: The day, although nights remain warm. Snow has been first recorded in 1955. According to the Thai National Statistical Office , as of September 2010, Chiang Rai municipal district had a population of 199,699. With the spread of the city extending into neighboring districts, the metropolitan area is considered somewhat larger by local residents. Chiang Rai city is the capital city and business center of

672-408: The end of 2011. The building style of the shrines varies. Especially in provinces with a significant Thai Chinese influence, the city pillar may be housed in a shrine that resembles a Chinese temple as, for example in Songkhla , Samut Prakan , and Yasothon . Chiang Rai 's city pillar is not housed in a shrine at all; but, since 1988, is in an open place inside Wat Phra That Doi Chom Thong ; it

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704-407: The legend says her blood became the water that flows through the cave, while her body is the surrounding mountains, said to look like a sleeping woman. Some of the caves in the hill area have been developed as a tourist attraction. There is a viewpoint at Mae Chan District , from where the "sleeping lady" can best be observed. Local tour guides joke that Doi Nang Non would be "the highest mountain in

736-441: The new pillar was installed, measuring 5.115 metres (201.4 in) tall, 47 centimetres (18.8 in) in diameter at the bottom, with a base 180 centimetres (71 in) wide. Both old and new pillars were moved to a refurbished pavilion with a spire ( prang ) modelled on the shrine of Ayudhya . The shrine was finished on Sunday, 1 May 1853. In 1980, in preparation for the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Rattanakosin in 1982,

768-513: The provincial offices. The thesaban houses the municipal offices 19°54′34″N 99°49′39″E  /  19.90944°N 99.82750°E  / 19.90944; 99.82750 . In 2018 the survivors of the Tham Luang cave rescue were brought to Chiang Rai, the nearest large city for hospital care. Route 1 runs from Bangkok through Chiang Rai to Mae Sai on the Burma border. Chiang Rai

800-688: The reign of King Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (Rama II) in Nakhon Khuen Khan and Samut Prakan , and by King Nangklao (Rama III) in Chachoengsao , Chanthaburi , and Phra Tabong Province (now in Cambodia). However, after King Mongkut raised a new pillar in Bangkok, no further shrines in the provinces were built until 1944, when then- Prime Minister of Thailand Phibunsongkhram built a city pillar in Phetchabun , as he intended to move

832-517: The words "in–chan–mun–kong" all over the city ( "in" from the north, "chan" from the south, "mun" from the east, and "kong" from the west). Anyone who responded was captured, brought to the ceremonial location, and buried in a hole. Their spirits would guard and protect the city. This is only a myth and is not recorded in the chronicles. People usually use three incense sticks, one candle, gold foil, two lotus flowers, two flower garlands, and one three-colour taffeta to worship at

864-580: The world", if only the supposed lady would get up and stand on her feet. Chiang Rai Chiang Rai ( Thai : เชียงราย , pronounced [t͡ɕʰīa̯ŋ rāːj] ; Northern Thai : ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ , เจียงฮาย , Northern Thai pronunciation: [t͡ɕīa̯ŋ hāːj] ) is the northernmost major city in Thailand , with a population of about 200,000 people. It is located in Mueang Chiang Rai District , Chiang Rai Province . Chiang Rai

896-525: Was established as a capital city in the reign of King Mangrai , in 1262 CE. The city was founded by King Mangrai in 1262 and became the capital of the Mangrai Dynasty. The word 'Chiang' means 'city' in Thai , so Chiang Rai would mean 'the City of (Mang) Rai '. Subsequently, Chiang Rai was conquered by Burma and remained under Burmese rule for several hundred years. It was not until 1786 that Chiang Rai became

928-418: Was found 10 days later. They were part of a local junior football team. The cave they entered became flooded. Thai Navy SEAL divers had been searching the caves ever since. Owing to heavy rain which further flooded the cave entrance, searches were periodically interrupted. Thai NAVY divers soon got help from American, Australian, British, and Chinese divers, military members, and emergency personnel. The group

960-450: Was found alive on Monday evening, 2 July, according to a press release at 22:30. All 12 boys along with their coach were reported alive. They were found by British volunteer divers around 400 metres away from a spot nicknamed "Pattaya Beach", an elevated mound in the cave. Food and medical supplies were delivered but a three-hour-long journey, continued rains and mountainous terrain above the cave delayed their escape. On 8 July at 19:00 four of

992-725: Was moved from Wat Klang Wiang to Wat Phra That Doi Chom Thong , where it is known as Sadue Mueang ( Thai : สะดือเมือง ), the "navel" or omphalos of the city. Chiang Rai lies on the flat alluvial plain of the Kok River , a tributary of the Mekong, between the Daen Lao Range in the north and the Phi Pan Nam Range in the south. The Kok River runs along Chiang Rai's north side, flowing eastwards out of Burma at Tha Ton (ท่าตอม) town, bending north-eastwards and joining

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1024-404: Was then seen concealed within. Another telling of the story has the "Emerald Buddha" hastily covered in mud just before marauders entered to pillage. Many years later, the clunky-looking mud Buddha was found to actually house a magnificent jade statue, perhaps by way of the earthquake mentioned above—which caused a piece of the clay to break off—revealing the jade beneath. In 1992, the city pillar

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