114-685: The Nissan Violet is a model of car that appeared in Japan in 1973, and was exclusive to Japanese Nissan dealerships called Nissan Cherry Store as a larger companion to the Nissan Cherry . In 1977 the second generation arrived. This was split into two additional lines, the Nissan Auster and the Nissan Stanza . All three models bore the A10 series identifier, and were built in Japan at
228-451: A catalytic converter and require unleaded petrol. Gross horsepower ratings are 110 and 107 respectively. Aside from the new engine, the 710 saw some additional modifications for 1975: the steering was adjusted to decrease driver effort, while noise levels were reduced, and gear ratios were adjusted to boost petrol mileage. Externally, the bumper overriders received a slight chrome molding in the middle. Mysteriously, while wagons usually have
342-451: A fuel pump . A floating inlet valve regulates the fuel entering the float chamber, assuring a constant level. Unlike in a fuel injected engine, the fuel system in a carbureted engine is not pressurized. For engines where the intake air travelling through the carburetor is pressurized (such as where the carburetor is downstream of a supercharger ) the entire carburetor must be contained in an airtight pressurized box to operate. However, this
456-556: A leaf sprung rear. Aside from the different name, the North American market 710 received large separate bumpers rather than the curved, fitted pieces used in other markets to comply with United States bumper legislation in 1973. Early export market cars were fitted with tiny chrome cover plates to hide the holes left on top of the front fenders by the Japanese market rear view mirrors. The most powerful version offered in Japan
570-466: A 1.4-litre engine. In Thailand it was marketed as the Datsun Stanza (with additional Nissan badges during the transition period) by local assembler Siam Motors. It was only available with SU-carburetted 1.6-litre engines, producing 100 PS (74 kW) SAE in the four-door sedan and 105 PS (77 kW) in the sportier liftback coupé version. The A10-series Violet was commercialized in
684-525: A 4-speed manual gearbox, and an optional 3-speed automatic gearbox starting in 1978. From a time in the Mexican popular slang, sometimes this car is referred to as " bolillo ", the spanish word for a bread roll , due to its similar rounded shape. For 1979, the 710 range was superseded by the correspondent next generation A10-series Violet in the Nissan Mexico lineup. New Zealand, as a result of
798-409: A car powered by the first petrol engine (which also debuted the first magneto ignition system). Karl Benz introduced his single-cylinder four-stroke powered Benz Patent-Motorwagen in 1885. All three of these engines used surface carburetors, which operated by moving air across the top of a vessel containing the fuel. The first float-fed carburetor design, which used an atomizer nozzle ,
912-409: A car, this throttle is connected to the vehicle's throttle pedal, which varies engine speed. At lesser throttle openings, the air speed through the venturi is insufficient to maintain the fuel flow, therefore the fuel is instead supplied by the carburetor's idle and off-idle circuits . At greater throttle openings, the speed of air passing through the venturi increases, which lowers the pressure of
1026-474: A carburetor consists of a single venturi (main metering circuit), though designs with two or four venturi (two-barrel and four-barrel carburetors respectively) are also quite commonplace. Typically the barrels consist of "primary" barrel(s) used for lower load situations and secondary barrel(s) activating when required to provide additional air/fuel at higher loads. The primary and secondary venturi are often sized differently and incorporate different features to suit
1140-454: A carburetor that meters fuel when the engine is running at low RPM. The idle circuit is generally activated by vacuum under the throttle plate, which causes a low-pressure area in the idle passage/port thus causing fuel to flow through the idle jet. The idle jet is set at some constant value by the carburetor manufacturer, thus flowing a specified amount of fuel. Many carburetors use an off-idle circuit, which includes an additional fuel jet which
1254-574: A carburetor's operation on Bernoulli's Principle is that being a fluid dynamic device, the pressure reduction in a venturi tends to be proportional to the square of the intake airspeed. The fuel jets are much smaller and fuel flow is limited mainly by the fuel's viscosity so that the fuel flow tends to be proportional to the pressure difference. So jets sized for full power tend to starve the engine at lower speed and part throttle. Most commonly this has been corrected by using multiple jets. In SU and other (e.g. Zenith-Stromberg ) variable jet carburetors, it
SECTION 10
#17327905860631368-406: A catalytic converter after December 1992. This legislation had been in the pipeline for some time, with many cars becoming available with catalytic converters or fuel injection from around 1990. A significant concern for aircraft engines is the formation of ice inside the carburetor. The temperature of air within the carburetor can be reduced by up to 40 °C (72 °F), due to a combination of
1482-611: A gap between the Sunny and 200B . Trims available were "GL", "GX", and sporty "SSS". While popular with buyers, the Australian Stanza was heavily criticized by the motoring journalists of the day (particularly Wheels Magazine ), who regarded the car as being "unadventurous", particularly with regard to its styling and conventional drivetrain. In 1979, 120 two-door coupé models were assembled in Australia, apparently due to
1596-586: A mix-up with Nissan Australia's kit ordering system. They were released into the market anyway with no promotion, and promptly sold out. The A10 series was sold in limited numbers as the Datsun 160J in New Zealand. A batch of three-door hatchbacks were imported when assemblers could not keep up with demand with the locally assembled 120Y Sunny and 180B models. In the United Kingdom, this generation
1710-407: A pipe which reduces to a narrows before widening again, forming a venturi (aka "barrel"). Fuel is introduced into the air stream through small tubes (the main jets ) at the narrowest part of the venturi, where the air is at its highest speed. Downstream of the venturi is a throttle (usually in the form of a butterfly valve ) which is used to control the amount of air entering the carburetor. In
1824-468: A rather drastic facelift gradually introduced beginning in February 1976 Nissan replaced the entire rear end (including the roof panel and the doors) with more traditional, notchback bodywork. This provided more space and comfort for passengers, while also minimizing blind spots. This version also received a new chassis code, 711 , while the smaller-engined part of the range gradually became replaced by
1938-487: A redesigned suspension. Sound levels dropped as a result of the improved aerodynamics, advancements in door seal technology, and the use of a sandwiched firewall . An interesting feature was that the three-door's rear windows could be opened with two levers on the center console; these controlled the child safe rear locks on five-door versions. A special model mainly sold in Europe was the one-litre E10-engined version. This
2052-627: A saloon and the estate model carried over from the previous Sunny range. In America only the notchback coupé ("Pulsar NX") was offered for most of the N12's run although the three- and five-doors were sold for model year 1983 only. In most export markets, the Nissan Sunny name replaced the Cherry starting with the N13 Pulsar model. In certain markets such as Greece, however, the N13 Pulsar retained
2166-619: A set of single circular right and left lamps. For 1982, the Mexican A10 cars sported the same facelift works made on the 1979-1981 Japanese-produced Violets, going on a bit with the North American-spec A10 units (marketed in the USA as Datsun 510, hinting then the well-gained reputation of the former 510-series Bluebird model of the late 60s-early 70s). This slight facelift focused majorly on the updated front grille, featuring
2280-495: A singled or doubled set of new squared or rectangular-shaped headlights. From here, the commercialization of the Mexican A10 lineup changed to Datsun 180J , referring the more powerful 1.8-litre carbureted engine swap. Also in 1982, the 5-door liftback/hatchback version of the A10 Violet certainly was launched toward the Mexican market, as Datsun Samurai . It intended to be a sleek, sporty while -by then- modern style saloon in
2394-536: A smaller petrol tank of 11.9 US gal (45 L) rather than 13.2 US gal (50 L), the California-market 710 wagon has the same size petrol tank as the sedans and hardtops. In Taiwan the Violet was introduced in 1973 under the name Yue Loong Violet 707 and replaced the successful Datsun Bluebird there. It remained in production until 1982 The Yue Loong Violet was usually offered with
SECTION 20
#17327905860632508-424: Is briefly used as the throttle starts to open. This jet is located in a low-pressure area behind the throttle. The additional fuel it provides is used to compensate for the reduced vacuum that occurs when the throttle is opened, thus smoothing the transition from the idle circuit to the main metering circuit. In a four-stroke engine it is often desirable to provide extra fuel to the engine at high loads (to increase
2622-401: Is not in an upright orientation (for example in a chainsaw or airplane), a float chamber and gravity activated float valve would not be suitable. Instead, a diaphragm chamber is typically used. This consists of a flexible diaphragm on one side of the fuel chamber, connected to a needle valve which regulates the fuel entering the chamber. As the flowrate of the air in the chamber (controlled by
2736-401: Is not necessary where the carburetor is upstream of the supercharger. Problems of fuel boiling and vapor lock can occur in carbureted engines, especially in hotter climates. Since the float chamber is located close to the engine, heat from the engine (including for several hours after the engine is shut off) can cause the fuel to heat up to the point of vaporization. This causes air bubbles in
2850-434: Is sometimes used as an alternative to a power valve in a four-stroke engine in order to supply extra fuel at high loads. One end of the rods is tapered, which sits in the main metering jets and acts as a valve for fuel flow in the jets. At high engine loads, the rods are lifted away from the jets (either mechanically or using manifold vacuum), increasing the volume of fuel can flow through the jet. These systems have been used by
2964-597: The Compact MPV Nissan Prairie/Multi/Stanza Wagon . Final versions were Nissan Bluebirds series U12 rebadged for some international markets. In most export markets the car was originally sold as the Datsun 140J or 160J depending on the engine; this name was then gradually changed to Nissan Stanza in most markets in line with Nissan's phasing out of the Datsun brand in its export markets in the early 1980s; in Europe for instance it
3078-851: The Ford Fiesta , Volkswagen Polo , Renault 5 and Fiat 127 being particularly popular, along with the General Motors product which was known in Britain as the Vauxhall Chevette and on the continent as the Opel Kadett City. It continued to sell well in Britain, and the most popular foreign car there in 1981. In the American market it was sold as the Datsun 310, slightly upscale from the old-fashioned rear wheel drive Datsun 210 . Engine choices were carried over from
3192-621: The Hiratsuka and Yokosuka assembly plants . The Stanza was exclusive to Japanese Nissan dealerships called Nissan Satio Store as a larger companion to the smaller Nissan Sunny , and the Auster triplet was exclusive to Nissan Prince Store locations as a larger companion to the Nissan Langley . A new third generation front-wheel drive model was launched in 1981, changing the series name again to T11, and sharing its platform with
3306-470: The Rochester Quadra jet and in the 1950s Carter carburetors. While the main metering circuit can adequately supply fuel to the engine in steady-state conditions, the inertia of fuel (being higher than that of air) causes a temporary shortfall as the throttle is opened. Therefore, an accelerator pump is often used to briefly provide extra fuel as the throttle is opened. When the driver presses
3420-542: The Toyota Celica GT-Four which won the 1992 – 95 events. Driven by Timo Salonen , the Violet also won the 1980 Rally New Zealand and the 1981 Rallye Côte d'Ivoire . In 1982 Nissan homologated the Nissan Silvia coupé as a bodystyle variant of the Violet, under the name Nissan Violet GTS , which can cause confusion between the competition histories of these two cars. A front-wheel drive Stanza
3534-445: The dashboard . Since then, automatic chokes became more commonplace. These either use a bimetallic thermostat to automatically regulate the choke based on the temperature of the engine's coolant liquid, an electrical resistance heater to do so, or air drawn through a tube connected to an engine exhaust source. A choke left closed after the engine has warmed up increases the engine's fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions, and causes
Nissan Violet - Misplaced Pages Continue
3648-566: The front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout . The Cherry line includes the E10 and F10. Nissan's direct successor was the Nissan Pulsar worldwide. In Japan, the Cherry was exclusive to Nissan Cherry store locations. On the UK market, it debuted just before the company's surge in sales, which saw it sell just over 6,000 cars in 1971 and more than 30,000 the following year. Although its successor
3762-415: The static pressure of the intake air reduces at higher speeds, drawing more fuel into the airstream. In most cases (except for the accelerator pump ), the driver pressing the throttle pedal does not directly increase the fuel entering the engine. Instead, the airflow through the carburetor increases, which in turn increases the amount of fuel drawn into the intake mixture. The main disadvantage of basing
3876-684: The "Cherry" nameplate. In Japan and some Asian markets, the Pulsar name was used until the N15 model. Carburetor A carburetor (also spelled carburettor or carburetter ) is a device used by a gasoline internal combustion engine to control and mix air and fuel entering the engine. The primary method of adding fuel to the intake air is through the Venturi tube in the main metering circuit, though various other components are also used to provide extra fuel or air in specific circumstances. Since
3990-510: The 160J, and 87 PS (64 kW) for the 160J SSS. A fuel-injected version of the 160J was also available in some European markets, with 86 PS (63 kW). The A10 Violet was locally assembled in Taiwan by Yue Loong until at least 1985. It was sold as the YLN 709, 711, and 712, depending on which facelift version. In later years (as the 712) it was only available with hatchback bodywork and
4104-472: The 1974 model year, the 710 switched from the original 1770 cc, 90-horsepower (67 kW) engine to the 2-litre L20B engine also used in the 610 . The 1975s produce 97 or 94 hp (72 or 70 kW) (SAE Net) in 49-state and Canadian trim versus California-spec cars. The federal/Canadian version took leaded fuel and depended on an EGR system for pollution control, while the California cars have
4218-508: The 1980 and 1981 model years, this was the only engine available to the 510. Power is 92 hp (69 kW; 93 PS) at 5,200 rpm. The four-speed manual was standard in the A10 models while the FS5W63A five-speed manual or 3N71B three-speed automatic were available as optional upgrades. South African-made Violets were sold as the 1600J or 1800J depending on engine fitment between 1978 and 1980. Four-door saloon or station wagon bodywork
4332-512: The 1984 model year. European market cars were generally fitted with very long gearing, making the car one of the most fuel economic in its class. It was first sold in Britain from January 1982, alongside the similar-sized rear-wheel drive Bluebird saloons and estates, which later also switched to front-wheel drive. This meant that Nissan was in the position of offering traditional rear-wheel drive saloons and estates alongside similar-sized front-wheel drive cars including hatchbacks, as this market sector
4446-415: The 1990s, carburetors have been largely replaced by fuel injection for cars and trucks, but carburetors are still used by some small engines (e.g. lawnmowers, generators, and concrete mixers) and motorcycles. In addition, they are still widely used on piston engine driven aircraft. Diesel engines have always used fuel injection instead of carburetors, as the compression-based combustion of diesel requires
4560-535: The 4-door saloon and Wagon versions of the Bluebird, respectively commercialized as the Datsun Sedan and Datsun Guayín (Guayín is a moniker in Mexican spanish for "Station Wagon"). In 1974, going on with the same business strategy, the 710-series Violet was introduced to the Mexican car market badged as the new Datsun 160J , the replacement for the single-offered Bluebird lineup. The Mexican 710 Violet range
4674-533: The Alfa Romeo connection in its publicity and was fitted with the same black and green interior as the Arna Ti or Cherry Europe GTi. The model was entirely N12 based though and featured the normal, transversely mounted Nissan E engine . After the end of Cherry production, the Sunny was Nissan's only offering of this size in Europe, with the range launched in the autumn of 1986 including a hatchback as well as
Nissan Violet - Misplaced Pages Continue
4788-601: The Datsun brand maintain strong sales figures. The N10 model Pulsar was introduced to Japan in May 1978, with European sales beginning in March 1979. While known as the Nissan Pulsar in Japan, it was called Cherry in Europe and many other export markets. The body styling was more boxy, and influenced by designs coming out of Europe at that time. It came at a time when small hatchbacks were enjoying rising sales across Europe, with
4902-770: The Datsun marque in favor of Nissan. In the United States the T11 Stanza with the CA20S engine replaced the 510 for the 1982 model year. In the United States, the Nissan Prairie was also sold as part of the range, renamed the Stanza Wagon . In 1984, Nissan changed the engine in the Stanza from the carbureted CA20S to the fuel-injected 2.0 L, straight-four CA20E . This car was 1981 Semperit Irish Car of
5016-534: The F-II were generally disappointing, and the "Cherry" nameplate was retired in Japan after this generation. The F10 was fitted with three types of inline four-cylinder Nissan A-series OHV engines: A two-pedal type semi-automatic transmission was offered called the "Sportmatic", which used a torque converter obviating the need for a clutch . In Europe, F10 was known as Datsun 100A F-II (with A10 engine) or 120A F-II (with A12 engine). The A12 powered 120A F-II
5130-520: The Finnish video game My Summer Car set in a fictional town called "Peräjärvi". It serves as the protagonist's main car, that they must assemble, tune and maintain. The second-generation Cherry was known as F-II in Japan and "Datsun F10" in North America. It was Nissan's first front-wheel-drive model to be sold in North America. Four-wheel independent suspension continued to be used. Sales of
5244-472: The Japanese and the European names called the "Cherry Pulsar." This was a three-door Cherry DX 1.3 or 1.7 Diesel fitted with some extra equipment and painted light blue or silver metallic. The turbocharged 1.5-litre model produces 114 PS (84 kW) at 5600 rpm in European trim. A derivative of Cherry N12 was also built by Alfa Romeo at Pratola Serra, near Naples , Italy. The Alfa-built version
5358-561: The Japanese market. Transmissions offered were a four-speed manual (in all except for the hatchback models), a five-speed manual (hatchback models only), and a three-speed automatic. This generation was available for sale around the same time as the first generation Toyota Celica Camry and the Honda Accord , which formed direct competitors in the domestic marketplace. The Stanza was assembled in Australia from 1978 to 1982, in four-door 1.6-litre four-door saloon form, primarily to fill
5472-600: The Mexican car market from 1978 to early 1984. Introduced as a 1979 model, it superseded the previous 710-series as the second generation "Datsun 160J". At first, the Mexican A10 Violet range only included the 4-door saloon and the Wagon, being (as previously) respectively marketed as "Datsun Sedan" and "Datsun Guayin" (badged Violet Van in Japan), continuing the former promotion strategy of the Nissan Mexico lineup. For
5586-476: The N10 model replaced it overseas, eventually being discontinued in late 1980, with the N10 5-door hatchback replacing it in 1981. In the USA, only the coupe and wagon were offered, and only with the 1.4-litre engine. In Canada, the two-door sedan was also available. It was a strong seller on the UK market, although it did not launch there until 1976, due to the popularity of the original Cherry model there, and helped
5700-733: The NZ-assembled CKD kit imported models, which consisted of the 1200 sedan and wagon, and 180B (Bluebird) and 260C (Cedric) sedans. Almost-new 140Js were often resold soon after first registration for hundreds of dollars more than their retail prices, such was the model line's initial popularity. The Japanese assembly quality of the 140J was better than the NZ-built Datsuns of the time which were assembled by outside assembly contractors - Nissan themselves did not open its own 'temporary' plant in Mt Roskill, Auckland, until
5814-554: The Nissan Mexico lineup. In 1984, in a context of the Nissan's brand global name unification, the Datsun brand name was phased out off the world's market, in favor of the single Nissan brand name. Thus, the Mexican A10 Violet production was phased out by Nissan Mexico, switching its manufacture to the domestic market production of the B11 Sunny/Sentra range by then, launched as the all-new Nissan Tsuru (1st. gen / B11). In
SECTION 50
#17327905860635928-545: The OHV J16 engine. The VIP Brougham was a luxury version of the Violet with leather seats and wood interior. For the Mexican domestic car market, the 710-series Violet was produced from 1973 to 1978 at Nissan's CIVAC assembly plant, near Cuernavaca , Mexico. At the time, Nissan Mexico offered a unique passenger-vehicles lineup, the Datsun Bluebird range (the 510-series and the 410, previously), integrated only by
6042-540: The RA11 chassis code. It was available either carburetted or fuel injected, with 105 or 115 PS (77 or 85 kW) at 6,000 rpm respectively. Five body styles were on offer: two- and four-door saloons, a three-door hatchback coupé ("Violet Openback" and "Auster Multi-Coupé"), a 5-door hatchback (only introduced in August 1979, quite late in the car's production run) and a five-door estate. The five-door liftback Stanza
6156-481: The UK and North America or Carby in Australia. Air from the atmosphere enters the carburetor (usually via an air cleaner ), has fuel added within the carburetor, passes into the inlet manifold , then through the inlet valve(s) , and finally into the combustion chamber . Most engines use a single carburetor shared between all of the cylinders, though some high-performance engines historically had multiple carburetors. The carburetor works on Bernoulli's principle :
6270-465: The UK market grew. In the early 1970s, as the British auto-industry faltered, Datsun led the charge of Japanese auto-manufacturers rapidly gaining market share in the UK. Britain's Motor magazine polled readers about their cars, including, in February 1973, those who owned E10 Cherrys. The question given greatest prominence was the final one which asked whether or not respondents would buy another car of
6384-474: The United States and Canada the Violet was sold as the Datsun 510, to cash in on the popularity of the earlier 510 Bluebird . It was available as a two-door sedan, a three-door hatchback, a four-door sedan, a five-door hatchback, or a five-door wagon. It was powered by the 2.0 L inline-four L20B engine, although in 1980 US-spec. cars received the Z20S NAPS-Z inline-four of the same displacement. For
6498-639: The Year in Ireland. Japanese and some other export models were called "Stanza FX", and were offered with 1.6 and 1.8 L engines. This version was sold in the United Kingdom and Europe as the Nissan Stanza; the range was "L" 1.6 L, "GL" 1.6 L, "SGL" 1.6 L and "SGL" 1.8 L. Some markets (such as Belgium, where it came fitted with the full SGL equipment) also received a 1.7-litre turbodiesel engine with 73 PS (54 kW), beginning with
6612-410: The air and draws more fuel into the airstream. At the same time, the reduced manifold vacuum results in less fuel flow through the idle and off-idle circuits. During cold weather fuel vaporizes less readily and tends to condense on the walls of the intake manifold, starving the cylinders of fuel and making cold starts difficult. Additional fuel is required (for a given amount of air) to start and run
6726-402: The cars received a new chassis code of A11 . The more luxurious Stanza was never available with the 1.4-litre engine in Japan, only with a 1.6 until larger engines joined the lineup. In November 1978 a 1.8-litre engine was added at the top of the line-up, mainly for the domestic Japanese market. The 1800 "NAPS-Z" engine was initially only available in the more luxurious Stanza model and received
6840-405: The engine is operating at idle RPM, another method to prevent icing is to periodically open the throttle, which increases the air temperature within the carburetor. Carburetor icing also occurs on other applications and various methods have been employed to solve this problem. On inline engines the intake and exhaust manifolds are on the same side of the head. Heat from the exhaust is used to warm
6954-399: The engine to run rough and lack power due to an over-rich fuel mixture. However, excessive fuel can flood an engine and prevent it from starting. To remove the excess fuel, many carburetors with automatic chokes allow it to be held open (by manually, depressing the accelerator pedal to the floor and briefly holding it there while cranking the starter) to allow extra air into the engine until
SECTION 60
#17327905860637068-417: The engine until it warms up, provided by a choke valve . While the engine is warming up the choke valve is partially closed, restricting the flow of air at the entrance to the carburetor. This increases the vacuum in the main metering circuit, causing more fuel to be supplied to the engine via the main jets. Prior to the late 1950s the choke was manually operated by the driver, often using a lever or knob on
7182-572: The engine, transmission , and front suspension . Rear suspension, brakes and the majority of body panel pressings came from Japan. Arna was an acronym meaning Alfa Romeo Nissan Autoveicoli . The Arna did not sell well and the partnership was not continued after the car's demise in 1987. The Arna was never sold in Japan but a domestic version of the N12 Nissan Pulsar, labelled the Nissan Pulsar Milano X1, made use of
7296-421: The excess fuel is cleared out. Another method used by carburetors to improve the operation of a cold engine is a fast idle cam , which is connected to the choke and prevents the throttle from closing fully while the choke is in operation. The resulting increase in idle speed provides a more stable idle for a cold engine (by better atomizing the cold fuel) and helps the engine warm up quicker. The system within
7410-414: The exhaust, in order to heat the air before it enters the carburetor. Typically, the system is operated by the pilot manually switching the intake air to travel via the heated intake path as required. The carburetor heat system reduces the power output (due to the lower density of heated air) and causes the intake air filter to be bypassed, therefore the system is only used when there is a risk of icing. If
7524-422: The first British-built Bluebird as its only product in this market sector. Nissan was previously building a smaller, front wheel drive car, beginning with the 1970 Nissan Cherry , and then reconfigured the Violet to front wheel drive. 3-door hatchback, 4-door saloon, and 5-door liftback models were produced. After 1982, Nissan tried to standardize the Stanza name in its export markets – in addition to phasing out
7638-569: The first time here, the 2-door saloon version was added to the range. From 1979 to 1981, the Mexican-produced A10 units had pretty much the same design of the Japanese-spec A10 Violets produced between the 1977-1979 lapse. The front grille of the 4-door and wagon featured the same doubled-circle headlight set (i.e. two pair of circular lamps), while the 2-door saloon sported a distinctive front grille, with only
7752-412: The fuel (similar to the air bubbles that necessitate brake bleeding ), which prevents the flow of fuel and is known as 'vapor lock'. To avoid pressurizing the float chamber, vent tubes allow air to enter and exit the float chamber. These tubes usually extend into the carburetor throat, placed to prevent fuel from sloshing out of them into the carburetor. If an engine must be operated when the carburetor
7866-429: The government's temporary lift of import licensing restrictions (the result of high consumer demand for cars, which local CKD assemblers and built-up importers could not meet with the usual licensing restrictions and high import duties of up to 55%, plus sales tax up to 60%) saw considerable CBU imports of the Datsun 140J four-door sedan and 160J two-door during 1973 and 1974. Due to the short notice and short timeframe of
7980-618: The greater precision and pressure of fuel-injection. The name "carburetor" is derived from the verb carburet , which means "to combine with carbon", or, in particular, "to enrich a gas by combining it with carbon or hydrocarbons ". Thus a carburetor mixes intake air with hydrocarbon-based fuel, such as petrol or AutoGas (LPG). The name is spelled "carburetor" in American English and "carburettor" in British English . Colloquial abbreviations include carb in
8094-401: The identical Rochester 4GC, introduced in various General Motors models for 1952. Oldsmobile referred the new carburetor as the "Quadri-Jet" (original spelling) while Buick called it the "Airpower". In the United States, carburetors were the common method of fuel delivery for most US-made gasoline (petrol) engines until the late 1980s, when fuel injection became the preferred method. One of
8208-422: The intake air being drawn through multiple venturi. Some high-performance engines have used multiple two-barrel or four-barrel carburetors, for example six two-barrel carburetors on Ferrari V12s. In 1826, American engineer Samuel Morey received a patent for a "gas or vapor engine", which ran on turpentine mixed with air. The design did not reach production. In 1875 German engineer Siegfried Marcus produced
8322-405: The intake manifold and in turn the carburetor. On V configurations, exhaust gases were directed from one head through the intake cross over to the other head. One method for regulating the exhaust flow on the cross over for intake warming was a weighted eccentric butterfly valve called a heat riser that remained closed at idle and opened at higher exhaust flow. Some vehicles used a heat stove around
8436-551: The last motorsport users of carburetors was NASCAR, which switched to electronic fuel injection after the 2011 Sprint Cup series . NASCAR still uses the four-barrel carburetor in the NASCAR Xfinity Series . In Europe, carburetors were largely replaced by fuel injection in the late 1980s, although fuel injection had been increasingly used in luxury cars and sports cars since the 1970s. EEC legislation required all vehicles sold and produced in member countries to have
8550-527: The late 1980s. In Indonesia , the T11 Stanza 1.6 L was a popular car taxi in the mid-1980s. The facelifted Japanese models have an upright nose, similar to that of the Bluebird U11 series. The Stanza was available in Japan at Nissan Satio Store locations, while its badge engineered companion was sold as the Japanese : Violet Liberta five-door hatchback from 1981-1982, then replaced by
8664-685: The licence requirement relaxation, the cars imported differed slightly in specification from shipment to shipment - some had Japanese market amber front park lights, front guard-mounted exterior rear view mirrors and 'Violet' badges; later units had clear lenses and 140J/160J badging. Several hundred 140J sedans entered New Zealand through the Port of Timaru for the South Island market and all were presold before they arrived. All were keenly sought-after and hard to secure as they were better specified as standard (tinted glass, AM pushbutton radio, etc.) than
8778-530: The mid-1970s and a dedicated, purpose-built factory in Wiri in 1978. In South Africa, the 1976 "711" facelift arrived in October 1976 and continued in production for a while longer than in Japan. It was sold as the Datsun 160U or 180U, depending on engine fitment. Deluxe and SSS sedans as well as an SSS Hardtop were available. A batch of 100 SSS models (some of which were Bluebirds ) with special "Mexican" upholstery
8892-447: The newly introduced, carburetted version of the 1600. The two-door versions did not undergo this modification: The two-door sedan was discontinued, while the coupé received the new chassis code and remained on sale alongside the four-door 711 and the 710 Van. In the United States and Canada, the car was sold simply as the "Datsun 710". Two- or four-door sedans, a two-door coupé, and a five-door station wagon were available. Introduced for
9006-438: The power output and reduce engine knocking ). A 'power valve', which is a spring-loaded valve in the carburetor that is held shut by engine vacuum, is often used to do so. As the airflow through the carburetor increases the reduced manifold vacuum pulls the power valve open, allowing more fuel into the main metering circuit. In a two-stroke engine , the carburetor power valve operates in the opposite manner: in most circumstances
9120-504: The previous model, consisting of Nissan's A-Series motor in 1.0 L, 1.2 L and 1.4 L forms. At some point, the A12 was replaced by the marginally larger A12A in export markets as well. Production of the N10 series ceased in mid-1982, to be replaced by larger N12 Cherry/Pulsar, which was sold in Europe from September 1982. The Cherry name was still used in Europe on the model N12, an angular, three- or five-door hatchback design which
9234-431: The reduced air pressure in the venturi and the latent heat of the evaporating fuel. The conditions during the descent to landing are particularly conducive to icing, since the engine is run at idle for a prolonged period with the throttle closed. Icing can also occur in cruise conditions at altitude. A carburetor heat system is often used to prevent icing. This system consists of a secondary air intake which passes around
9348-536: The same model: 76 percent of Cherry owning respondents answered "yes", which was the top score for this question achieved by any model to date, and beat even the 66 percent "yes" score given by owners of the previous leader, the Volkswagen Beetle , at the time well known in the UK for its owners' brand loyalty. A fictionalised Datsun 100A (known in-universe as the Satsuma AMP) is featured in
9462-453: The situations in which they are used. Many four-barrel carburetors use two primary and two secondary barrels. A four-barrel design of two primary and two secondary barrels was commonly used in V8 engines to conserve fuel at low engine speeds while still affording an adequate supply at high. The use of multiple carburetors (e.g., a carburetor for each cylinder or pair of cylinders) also results in
9576-406: The smaller Pulsar based Japanese : Liberta Villa three-door hatchback. The Violet Liberta was sold at Nissan Cherry Store locations but only as a five door hatchback. Nissan Cherry The Datsun Cherry (チェリー), known later as the Nissan Cherry , is a series of subcompact cars which formed Nissan 's first front-wheel drive supermini model line. The Nissan Cherry featured
9690-406: The throttle pedal, a small piston or diaphragm pump injects extra fuel directly into the carburetor throat. The accelerator pump can also be used to "prime" an engine with extra fuel prior to attempting a cold start . In order to ensure an adequate supply at all times, carburetors include a reservoir of fuel, called a "float chamber" or "float bowl". Fuel is delivered to the float chamber by
9804-521: The throttling valve/butterfly valve) decreases, the diaphragm moves inward (downward), which closes the needle valve to admit less fuel. As the flowrate of the air in the chamber increases, the diaphragm moves outward (upward) which opens the needle valve to admit more fuel, allowing the engine to generate more power. A balanced state is reached which creates a steady fuel reservoir level, that remains constant in any orientation. Other components that have been used on carburetors include: The basic design for
9918-428: The valve allows extra fuel into the engine, then at a certain engine RPM it closes to reduce the fuel entering the engine. This is done in order to extend the engine's maximum RPM, since many two-stroke engines can temporarily achieve higher RPM with a leaner air-fuel ratio. This is not to be confused with the unrelated exhaust power valve arrangements used on two-stroke engines. A metering rod or step-up rod system
10032-416: The weight of the car by the new E-series engines being lighter than the ones used in the previous model, and through the extensive use of high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) as well. Further improving fuel economy were much improved aerodynamics, although at drag coefficient of C d =0.38 they were no more than average for the segment. Occupant comfort was also improved through better seats and
10146-411: Was also a " Cherry Cab " cabover truck model (C20), which was closely related to the Nissan Sunny — it was also marketed as the "Sunny Cab". The E10 generation featured four-wheel independent suspension . The E10 was fitted with two varieties of inline four-cylinder Nissan A-series OHV engines: Although the car used a Nissan engine, the powertrain dated back to Prince's original concept – which
10260-424: Was also built in 1978. The previous generation Violet grew more rational and somewhat larger when it was replaced in May 1977. Nissan increased the glass area by ten percent vis-à-vis its predecessor. It was also joined by two badge engineered versions: the Japanese : Nissan Auster went on sale alongside the Violet and was aiming for an air of "quality and youthfulness." The Stanza followed in August and
10374-633: Was available, with the 1800 sedan also available as a sporting SSS model. The Violet 160J was Nissan's most successful car in the World Rally Championship . It won the Safari Rally in Kenya from 1979 to 1982 consecutively, all with Shekhar Mehta behind the wheel. The 1979 and 1980 winners were powered by an SOHC engine; the 1981 and 1982 winners were Violet GT models with a DOHC engine. These Safari records are only matched by
10488-593: Was badged as the Alfa Romeo Arna but in the United Kingdom and Spain it was available through Nissan Dealers badged as the Nissan Cherry Europe. The Cherry Europe was only available as a three-door in two varieties; the base model 1.2 SL and a later performance version, the 1.5 GTi. It is distinguishable externally by slightly different rear light clusters and other minor changes. Under the skin it used Alfa Romeo Alfasud -based components including
10602-444: Was called Datsun 100A (the Datsun brand being used in place of Nissan in the European market at that time) or Datsun 120A (A12, but this engine was only available with the coupé body style or as a semi-automatic version of the ordinary car available in 1978). The names "Cherry" and "Datsun 1000" were also used in advertising, however the Datsun 1000 name was associated with the early Nissan Sunny and Nissan Bluebird . The Cherry
10716-543: Was corrected by varying the jet size. The orientation of the carburetor is a key design consideration. Older engines used updraft carburetors, where the air enters from below the carburetor and exits through the top. From the late 1930s, downdraft carburetors become more commonly used (especially in the United States), along with side draft carburetors (especially in Europe). The main metering circuit consists of
10830-500: Was imported for an international distributors' conference held in NZ in 1981 and was later used by a company executive's wife before being resold through the company's own dealer network. There was also a small later shipment of cars for public sale (this time without a/c) but, as usual with low-volume imports of this type by Nissan and rivals, most were presold before the ship docked. A number of Stanzas also arrived as used imports from Japan in
10944-479: Was in a period of transition in the early 1980s. Nissan-Datsun New Zealand occasionally imported later generation Violets and other models for evaluation, or imported a small production run if additional import licences became available (there was a trading scheme enabling importers to trade unused annual license allocations with each other). One highly specified, five-door, third generation, front-drive model with automatic transmission - and then-rare air conditioning -
11058-623: Was in essence a copy of the "transmission-in-sump" layout pioneered by the British Motor Corporation in the Mini . Consequently, this gave the E10 a very distinctive transmission whine which was characteristic of this mechanical configuration. The Japanese domestic market Cherry X-1 model featured twin-carburetted A12T engine with dual-sidedraft Hitachi carburettors. In Europe, the A10-engined E10 Cherry
11172-447: Was integrated only by the 4-door Saloon alongside the Wagon, lacking the sporty 2-door/coupe bodies offered in some other countries. The fastback-styled 710 4-door saloon design was marketed from 1974 to 1977, being replaced in 1978 with the notchback-styled 711 Violet (which intended to improve the fastback's bad rear visibility complained by some customers). All Mexican 710 Violets featured the 1.6-litre carbureted engine (160J), coupled to
11286-531: Was introduced as an affordable family car one level above the Nissan Sunny , sold at Nissan Japan dealerships Nissan Saito Store . The third version (Violet) was sold at dealerships called Nissan Cherry Store locations. In Australia, it was called the Datsun Stanza , and in Canada and the United States it was the Datsun 510 , a name which recalled the successes of the previous Datsun 510 . Originally it
11400-540: Was introduced by German engineers Wilhelm Maybach and Gottlieb Daimler in their 1885 Grandfather Clock engine . The Butler Petrol Cycle car—built in England in 1888—also used a float-fed carburetor. The first carburetor for a stationary engine was patented in 1893 by Hungarian engineers János Csonka and Donát Bánki . The first four-barrel carburetors were the Carter Carburetor WCFB and
11514-473: Was introduced in 1981 – the first middle-class Datsun to be of that configuration, and the first Japanese car in the category built to the principles which had been established in Europe for this class since a few years back. In Europe, front-wheel drive and a liftback design were becoming the norm in this segment, although more traditional Japanese buyers still preferred the rear-wheel drive Bluebird. It remained on sale in Britain until 1986, after which Nissan sold
11628-597: Was introduced in Japan at a specially established dealership sales channel called Nissan Cherry Shop , whereas the Sunny was sold at Nissan Satio Shop , and the Bluebird was sold at the Nissan Bluebird Shop . As the Cherry F-II successor flagged in the market, the somewhat smaller E10 Cherry continued to be sold up until 1977 in many places. With the launch of the Cherry in 1971, Datsun's prominence in
11742-682: Was introduced in September 1982. The new model was somewhat larger than earlier versions of the Cherry, with the new Micra taking its place in the supermini sector on its European launch in June 1983, leaving the Cherry to compete in Europe against the new-popular hatchback designs like the Ford Escort and Volkswagen Golf , while the Sunny gave buyers a traditional saloon and estate option. Wheelbase and track all increased by about 20 mm (0.8 in). While being somewhat larger, Nissan lowered
11856-563: Was launched in 1974, such was the original model's popularity on the UK market that it was not replaced there until 1976. Originally, before combining with Nissan Motors , the Prince Motor Company plan of development was to mass-produce a front-engine, front-wheel drive car. Subsequent to the Prince and Nissan merger of 1966, the Cherry was released in 1970 as Nissan's first front-wheel drive car instead. In Asian markets there
11970-521: Was marketed as the "Stanza Resort" in the Japanese domestic market, and given the chassis model code T10 . The five-door bodywork only became available in the Auster and Violet versions as of April 1980, meaning that they were only built for fourteen months as the car was replaced by the T11 generation in June 1981. The A10/A11 wagon was not replaced in 1981, with the all-new Nissan Prairie or Nissan Vanette instead filling its place for cargo carrying duties in
12084-568: Was marketed as the Datsun Violet, and was sold in 1.4 L "GL" and 1.6 L "GL" engine/trim combinations. No estate models were offered. In the rest of Europe it was usually sold as the 160J (or 140J), a variety of bodystyle and equipment combinations were offered, with a Coupé SSS with twin SU-carburetors available at the top of the lineup. Power outputs were 63 PS (46 kW) for the 140J, 81–83 PS (60–61 kW) for
12198-539: Was meant to be more luxurious; it was only offered in the higher equipment levels and was also differentiated by having a different bonnet and single rectangular lights rather than the twin round units seen on the Violet and Auster. The Nissan Auster, which is named for the Latin equivalent of the Greek god Notus for the south wind, was available at Nissan Prince Store ; Stanza, which is Italian for "room" or "apartment",
12312-602: Was only sold with the 1.4-litre A-series engine (not available in the Stanza) and the 1.6-litre L , although North American market cars received a two-litre version. In May 1978 the car underwent a facelift, becoming the A11 in the process. At the same time, the L16 engines were replaced by the cross-flow Z16 , to meet newer stricter emissions rules. Nissan introduced their emissions control technology with this generation, called NAPS , and
12426-415: Was quite swoopy, with a fastback line. It was one of the first Nissan products to introduce " coke bottle styling ", an appearance that had debuted internationally during the 1960s and 1970s. Its appearance was controversial, which led to a certain number of customer complaints at the limited rear vision and dark rear cabin - especially for children. Taxi companies refused to purchase any more Violets, and in
12540-723: Was sold as the "Datsun-Nissan Stanza" for a short time until the Datsun name was dropped completely in 1984. The Stanza/Auster/Violet were discontinued in 1992. The Stanza was replaced by the Nissan Altima in North America; the Stanza was replaced by the Nissan Bluebird in Japan, and by the Primera in Europe. Introduced in January 1971 the Nissan Violet was a smaller version of the Datsun Bluebird 610 , which
12654-495: Was sold outside Japan under Nissan's Datsun brand as the Datsun 140J/160J — except in the United States where it was marketed simply as the Datsun 710 . This model was built as a two-door saloon , two-door coupé , four-door fastback , (and later as a regular four-door saloon ), estate , and as a van . Introducing the Violet allowed Nissan to moderately increase the dimensions of the existing Datsun Bluebird. The sporty SSS model has rear independent suspension , others have
12768-421: Was sold where tax regulations suited smaller engines, and was usually only offered with the lowest (DX) trim and a four-speed manual transmission. The little 1-litre engine had a higher fuel consumption figures than either the 1.3 or the 1.5, as it had to work a lot harder to keep up with traffic. A diesel model arrived in export markets in early 1983. In 1985 Belgian buyers also received a special edition combining
12882-438: Was the fuel injected 1600 SSS-E with 110 PS (81 kW) JIS at 6200 rpm. In export markets the twin-carb 160J SSS claimed 95 PS (70 kW) DIN, five more than the regular 160J. In Japan, the 1800 cc engine arrived in October 1975 and was only available running on LPG, for taxi use. This vehicle was available for sale around the same time as the first generation Toyota Carina . The original four-door bodywork
12996-440: Was the most common model, with the coupe only being available in A12 format in the UK where it sold in higher numbers. In New Zealand the 100A 4-door sedan (1.0L A10 motor) was assembled from CKD kits as a price leader for the Datsun range – due to the choice of engine, it was the smallest engined car assembled in New Zealand, the engine (988 cc) being smaller than the Mini 's 998 cc unit. Production continued well after
#62937