Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta .
61-661: Alberta Provincial Highway No. 11 , commonly referred to as Highway 11 and officially named the David Thompson Highway , is a provincial highway in central Alberta , Canada. It runs for 318 km (198 mi) from Highway 93 at Saskatchewan River Crossing near Mount Sarbach in Banff National Park east to Highway 12 near Nevis . It passes by Nordegg and through Rocky Mountain House , Sylvan Lake and Red Deer along its course. The highway
122-512: A broad swath of land, as do many government-owned conversation areas. Some public rights-of-way are negotiated with government as a part of property development. This can result in a public-use right of way, such as an urban waterfront walkway, the public right to use a lobby as a shortcut during business hours, or public access to recreational land such as an urban park (which may include activities not limited to simply passing through). In England and Wales under current law, public access to rivers
183-441: A certain number of years without obstruction by the property owner. Changes to circumstances (such as construction of a new road that connects to the dominant estate), disuse, and obstruction by the property owner may affect this type of right. In other geographic situations, several neighbors will agree to maintain (or inherit from the original developer) a private road that connects their properties, either as communally owned or as
244-414: A concession) are known as in gross and are typically created by arrangement. Right-of-way easements that benefit the general public are often created for foot, bridle, mountain bike, and ATV paths (often carrying a mix of users). These routes are all formally highways, but have legally restricted modes of use. Such rights-of-way might extend a recreational trail network from land owned by the government or
305-418: A contractual, appurtenant easement. Private ownership typically gives the owners more power, such as the right to restrict parking to owners and their guests. Traffic laws (such as obeying speed limits and stop signs) typically still apply to private roads if they are open to the general public. Transferrable easements (such as the right to use a specific boat ramp not used by the property owner or operate it as
366-423: A conversation non-profit, to connect trails to public roads, to make long-distance trails , or provide access to a beach or waterfront. Especially in common law jurisdictions, these can be created by longstanding use, also known as easement by prescription . They can also be purchased or by a government or conservation group or created by eminent domain. Property owners can also explicitly grant permission to use
427-457: A permanent public easement. Some jurisdictions legally recognize the right to roam —to move through any undeveloped land unless otherwise posted or fenced. This allows wandering beyond established trails. Even without a general the right to roam, not all rights-of-way have a physical indication of boundaries, and some easements do not specify any particular path to be taken when crossing. Some easements permit certain recreational activities across
488-559: A popular destination for foreign tourists in the city. Traditional rights of way take the form of servitude de passage (right of passage) and droit de marche-pied (right to walk, along canals and canalised rivers). There is a system of about 120,000 kilometres of well-marked footpaths in France. Many were formerly the main routes between villages and are often "steeper and more direct than modern roads". There are also, in addition, sentier de grande randonnée , long distance trails . In
549-498: A proposed Phase II would connect with 20 Avenue approximately 1.6 km (0.99 mi) further to the east. Alberta Transportation also has right of way to realign Highway 11 east of Red Deer, bypassing its present 55 Street alignment; documentation temporarily refers to this alignment as Highway 11X . There have also been proposals to extend Highway 11 west of Highway 93 across Howse Pass and connect with British Columbia Highway 1 northwest of Golden , British Columbia, known as
610-420: A public way is over the private property of a single neighbor. In these cases, the owner of the "servient" estate (which is the one being crossed) may simply give permission, or the "dominant" estate (the one needing access) may purchase the easement, for example to construct a driveway. Such easements are attached to the dominant estate, or appurtenant . The dominant estate cannot sell the easement separately from
671-401: A route, either through a deed restriction or informal means such as posted signs, and may place restrictions on times or types of traffic allowed. Whether this permission can be revoked or expire from disuse depends considerably on the legal jurisdiction, how it was granted, and the circumstances of public use. Some of these " permissive paths " are closed once a year to prevent the creation of
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#1732772959132732-450: A transportation facility) can be created in a number of different ways. In some cases, a government, transportation company, or conservation non-profit purchases the full ownership of real estate , including everything above and below the ground. Many rights-of-way are created instead by easement , which is a right to cross that does not include full ownership of the land. For example, the original owner may still retain mineral rights under
793-412: A user to claim a right of way after 12 years of use across private land owned by another, 30 years on state land and 60 years on the foreshore . The claimant must apply to the courts, and have their claim confirmed by a court order, and then have it duly registered on the title deeds, a lengthy process. The user must prove "enjoyment without force, without secrecy and without the oral or written consent of
854-579: Is concurrent with Highway 22 . Continuing east, the highway passes Alhambra , Condor , Eckville , and Benalto before bypassing Sylvan Lake and entering the City of Red Deer. The highway is a four-lane divided highway between Highway 20 and Red Deer, and crosses a causeway and bridge over Cygnet Lake. Highway 11 meets Highway 2 ( Queen Elizabeth II Highway) at an interchange, entering Red Deer as 67 Street. It intersects Gaetz Avenue ( Highway 2A ) north of Downtown Red Deer near Parkland Mall, and crosses
915-446: Is a legal maneuver that avoids full abandonment, preserving a railroad easement for future reactivation without reverting property rights to real estate owners. Rail trails are often constructed on rights-of-way that no longer host active railroads, putting the property to productive use while preventing obstructions like buildings or crossing infrastructure from being built. These may be used for recreation or for bicycle commuting, given
976-484: Is a low priority in British Columbia. Howse Pass is also designated as a National Historic Site which further protects the area from development and as a result it is unlikely that the highway will be constructed. From west to east: Central Alberta Central Alberta is the most densely populated rural area in the province. Agriculture and energy are important to the area's economy. Central Alberta
1037-403: Is a transportation corridor along which people, animals, vehicles, watercraft, or utility lines travel, or the legal status that gives them the right to do so. Rights-of-way in the physical sense include controlled-access highways , railroads, canals, hiking paths, bridle paths for horses, bicycle paths, the routes taken by high-voltage lines (also known as wayleave ), utility tunnels, or simply
1098-609: Is bordered by the Canadian Rockies in the west, Southern Alberta and the Calgary Region to the south, Saskatchewan to the east and Northern Alberta to the north. It completely surrounds the Edmonton Capital Region and contains the central part of the heavily populated Calgary-Edmonton Corridor . The North Saskatchewan River crosses the region from west to east. Other rivers traversing
1159-461: Is defined as a right of way , and in addition there is a general presumption of access to the countryside. Private rights of way or easements also exist. Footpaths , bridleways and other rights of way in most of England and Wales are shown on definitive maps . A definitive map is a record of public rights of way in England and Wales. In law it is the definitive record of where a right of way
1220-703: Is generally provided on ocean waters under the law of the sea , subject to national laws. Public access to tidal shores depends on the jurisdiction. In the United States , railroad right-of-way easements carry with them, under applicable state laws, the right to control access by the public and even by the owner of the underlying land. Most U.S. railroads employ their own police forces, who can arrest and prosecute trespassers found on their rights-of-way. Some railroad rights-of-way (both active and disused) include recreational rail trails . In Canada railroad rights of way are regulated by federal law. In October 1880
1281-546: Is located. The highway authority (normally the county council , or unitary authority in areas with a one-tier system) has a statutory duty to maintain a definitive map, though in national parks the national park authority usually maintains the map. In Scotland , a right of way is a route over which the public has been able to pass unhindered for at least 20 years . The route must link two "public places", such as villages, churches or roads. Unlike in England and Wales there
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#17327729591321342-539: Is more restricted than other parts of the UK, so that in many areas walkers can only enjoy the countryside because of the goodwill and tolerance of landowners. Permission has been obtained from all landowners across whose land the Waymarked Ways and Ulster Way traverse. Much of Northern Ireland's public land is accessible, e.g. Water Service and Forest Service land, as is land owned and managed by organisations such as
1403-605: Is named after David Thompson , a British-Canadian fur trader , surveyor , and map-maker who explored the area between Rocky Mountain House and Kootenae House (near present-day Invermere , British Columbia ) through Howse Pass . The majority of Highway 11 is maintained by Alberta Transportation . The segment within Banff National Park is maintained by the Government of Canada, and within Red Deer limits
1464-399: Is no obligation on Scottish local authorities to signpost rights of way. However the charity Scotways , formed in 1845 to protect rights of way, records and signs the routes. The Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 codified in law traditional, non-motorised, access practices on land and water. Under the 2003 act a plain language explanation of rights is published by Scottish Natural Heritage:
1525-659: Is restricted, and only 2% of all rivers have public access rights. The Rivers Access Campaign is being undertaken by the British Canoe Union (BCU) to open up the inland water-ways in England and Wales on behalf of members of the public. Canals are not, in general, public rights of way in England and Wales. Waterways in the care of the Canal & River Trust are accessible for use by boats, canoeists, paddleboarders and other watercraft upon payment of an appropriate licence fee. Walkers and cyclists can freely use
1586-513: Is terminated, full rights automatically revert to the owner of the real estate over which the right of way passed. Some jurisdictions have a separate formal process for terminating disused right-of-way easements involuntarily, such as adverse abandonment for railroads in the United States. This allows property owners to regain full use after a railroad stops running but does not initiate the legal abandonment process on its own. Railbanking
1647-425: Is up to the owner to sell it to abutters, a conservation non-profit, another transportation company, or some other buyer. Full land ownership generally cannot be lost due to disuse, but abandoned right-of-way land can be taken by the government due to non-payment of property tax , by escheat if no private owner can be found (due to death without heirs or disincorporation), or by eminent domain if it wishes to return
1708-592: The East Coast Trail , established by a group of hiking enthusiasts, makes use of traditional trails between local communities along the coast of the Avalon Peninsula . In the Philippines , right of way disputes often arise when landowners block access to paths or roads that have been used by the public or specific individuals for a considerable period. The issue typically centers on whether
1769-994: The Giants of the Prairies can be found in Central Alberta. Large mushrooms in Vilna , huge pumpkins in Smoky Lake , giant Perogy (Ukrainian dumpling) in Glendon , huge Kielbasa (Ukrainian garlic sausage) in Mundare , large Pysanka (Ukrainian easter egg) in Vegreville , a UFO Landing Pad in St. Paul and a giant mallard duck in Andrew . Central Alberta has a population of 240,368 (2004). Queen Elizabeth II Highway crosses
1830-578: The Land War of the 1880s to the end of British rule in 1922. Rights of way can be asserted by adverse possession , but proving continuous use can be difficult. A case heard in 2010 concerning claims over the Lissadell House estate was based on the historical laws, since amended by the Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act, 2009 . The 2009 act abolished the doctrine of lost modern grant, and allows
1891-532: The National Trust and the Woodland Trust . Northern Ireland has much the same legal system as England, including concepts about the ownership of land and public rights of way, but it has its own court structure, system of precedents and specific legislation concerning rights-of-way and right-to-roam. In Québec City , Canada, which was originally built on the riverside bluff Cap Diamant in
Alberta Highway 11 - Misplaced Pages Continue
1952-847: The Red Deer River before turning south and becoming 30 Avenue. At 55 Street, Highway 11 turns east and exits Red Deer, for a total length of 10 km (6.2 mi) within the city. The highway passes the Canyon Ski Area , crosses the Red Deer River and passes Joffre . East of Joffre, the highway follows the top of the Red Deer River valley and intersects Highway 21 . Highway 11 ends at its intersection with Highway 12 near Nevis, 20 km (12 mi) west of Stettler . Traffic levels on Highway 11 have gradually increased west of Red Deer, resulting in multiple studies by Alberta Transportation for long-term planning of upgrades to
2013-526: The Republic of Ireland , pedestrian rights of way to churches, known as mass paths , have existed for centuries. In other cases, the modern law is unclear; Victorian era laws on easements protect a property owner's rights, amplified by the 1937 constitution , which stipulate that a right of way has to be specifically dedicated to public use. Opposing these, those claiming general rights of way hark back to an anti- landed gentry position that lasted from
2074-481: The Scottish Outdoor Access Code . Certain categories of land are excluded from this presumption of open access, such as railway land, airfields and private gardens. Section 4 of the access code explains how land managers are permitted to request the public to avoid certain areas for a limited period in order to undertake management tasks, however longer term restrictions must be approved by
2135-416: The centerline presumption (formerly strip and gore doctrine ). This doctrine may also be used to assert mineral rights under neighboring government-maintained roads in some jurisdictions, a question which has become more relevant since the invention of horizontal drilling . In other jurisdictions or circumstances, the right-of-way is simply a normal parcel which happens to have an unusual shape, and it
2196-533: The local authority . The ability to temporarily restrict public access is commonly exercised without notice by shooting, forestry or wind farm operators, but does not extend to public rights of way. In Scotland the public have a higher degree of freedom on rights of way than on open land. Blocking a right of way in Scotland is a criminal obstruction under the Highways Act, just as in England and Wales, but
2257-601: The 'Howse Pass Highway'. Proponents of the highway argue that it would provide an alternate route to British Columbia and would relieve congestion along the Trans-Canada Highway and the Yellowhead Highway . They also argue that it would reduce the distance between central Alberta and Vancouver by 95 km (59 mi), reduce the distance travelled through Banff National Park, and open up central Alberta to more economic opportunities. Opponents of
2318-697: The 17th century, there are strategically placed public stairways that link the bluff to the lower parts of the city. The Upper City is the site of Old Québec's most significant historical sites, including 17th- and 18th-century chapels, the Citadel and the city ramparts. The Breakneck Stairs or Breakneck Steps (French: Escalier casse-cou ), Quebec City's oldest stairway, were built in 1635. Originally called escalier Champlain "Champlain Stairs", escalier du Quêteux "Beggars' Stairs", or escalier de la Basse-Ville "Lower Town Stairs", they were given their current name in
2379-481: The 18th and 19th centuries) have been given the power of eminent domain for the limited purpose of providing a certain type of transportation between specified locations. In the Western United States, the transcontinental railroad was funded by government land grants that gave railroads both the physical right-of-way and surrounding land that could be sold after becoming valuable parcels connected to
2440-758: The […] owner", a restatement of the centuries-old principle of Nec vi, nec clam, nec precario . A court order granting a right of way is personal to the applicant for their lifetime, and cannot be inherited or assigned. In England and Wales , other than in the 12 Inner London boroughs and the City of London , public rights of way are paths on which the public have a legally protected right to pass and re-pass. The law in England and Wales differs from that in Scotland in that rights of way only exist where they are so designated (or are able to be designated if not already) whereas in Scotland any route that meets certain conditions
2501-1139: The area are Red Deer River , Battle River , Athabasca River , Pembina River , Brazeau River , Beaver River . Tourist attractions in the region include: Alberta Prairie Railway Excursions , the Canadian Petroleum Discovery Centre in Leduc , Discovery Wildlife Park, Kerry Wood Nature Centre and Gaetz Lake Sanctuary in Red Deer , Nordegg Heritage Centre and Mine Site, Reynolds-Alberta Museum , Rocky Mountain House National Historic Site, Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village and Stephannson House Provincial Historic Site near Sylvan Lake . Major national, provincial, and municipal parks include Elk Island National Park , William A. Switzer Provincial Park , Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park , Big Knife Provincial Park , Pigeon Lake Provincial Park , and Sylvan Lake Park . A series of roadside attractions known as
Alberta Highway 11 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2562-569: The building of Canada's first transcontinental rail line, the Canadian Pacific Railway , started. It was built by a consortium contracted by the government, and financed by CA$ 25 million in credit and required 25 million acres (100,000 km ) of land. In addition, the government defrayed surveying costs and exempted the railway from property taxes for 20 years. In the United Kingdom , railway companies received
2623-659: The city has jurisdiction and is responsible for maintenance. It begins at the Icefields Parkway (Highway 93) and travels east for 6 km (3.7 mi) through Banff National Park, where traffic is required to purchase a national parks pass. Beyond Banff National Park, the highway parallels the North Saskatchewan River and traverses the sparsely populated Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve . It passes by west shore of Abraham Lake and Nordegg. The highway continues east to Rocky Mountain House, where it
2684-419: The extensive network of towpaths that run alongside the canals in England and Wales. See Towpath#Britain for information on the legal status of towpaths. In Canada rivers are crown land and there is a legal "right to navigate over navigable waters. However, the difficult legal question is what constitutes navigable waters. There is no federal or provincial law defining this, nor is there any list of waters
2745-623: The highway argue that it would cause significant environmental impact in an ecologically sensitive area, especially within Banff National Park which is a protected area. They also argue that it would be cost prohibitive constructing the British Columbia section of the highway along the Blaeberry River , especially since the Trans-Canada Highway and the Yellowhead Highway are requiring significant upgrades, and it
2806-539: The improvements are unfunded. Red Deer is also constructing the North Highway Connector, also known as Northland Drive, which will serve as a northern bypass. The connector begins at the Highway 2A/ 11A intersection, crosses the Red Deer River, and connects with Highway 11 in eastern Red Deer. Phase I is currently under construction connects with Highway 11 at 30 Avenue / 67 Street intersection, while
2867-667: The lack of publicly accessible rights of way maps in Scotland makes it very difficult to enforce. The unofficial National Catalogue of Rights of Way (CROW), compiled by the Scottish Rights of Way and Access Society (Scotways), in partnership with Scottish Natural Heritage, and the help of local authorities. There are three categories of rights of way in CROW: Northern Ireland has very few public rights of way and access to land in Northern Ireland
2928-481: The long-distance transportation network. In new developments, the government may create the road network in cooperation with the land-owning developer or parcel owners—easement boundaries are defined in writing, and public roads formally "dedicated" as government-maintained. In some jurisdictions, utility companies may by law have a general easement to access certain areas when necessary to construct and maintain their networks. In many cases they must request permission from
2989-842: The mid-19th century, because of their steepness. The stairs have been restored several times, including an 1889 renovation by Charles Baillargé . Rights of way have been created in the US, both by historic use ( prescription ) and by grants made by the national and state governments, local authorities and private landowners. Trails that had been established by indigenous peoples were used by Europeans settling North America. Some became highways, while others have been incorporated recently into hiking trails. Examples include: Natchez Trace ; Santa Fe Trail ; Bozeman Trail . In Seattle , there are over 500 public stairways. Some rights of way in North America are hundreds of years old. In Newfoundland
3050-438: The neighboring property, and if the property is sold it would convey to the new owners. Courts may declare this type of easement exists as a matter of equity to resolve a dispute, if the easement was apparently left out of property deeds despite obvious necessity, if there was an apparent intent to create an easement but this was never formalized, or in some jurisdictions if an undocumented right of way has been in continuous use for
3111-1417: The other six regional health boards in 2008 to form Alberta Health Services. Post-secondary institutions in the region are Red Deer Polytechnic , Olds College , Lakeland College , Burman University and the University of Alberta Augustana Faculty (Camrose) . On a provincial level, central Alberta is represented in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta by MLA's elected in the ridings of Camrose , Drayton Valley-Devon , Drumheller-Stettler , Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville , Innisfail-Sylvan Lake , Lacombe-Ponoka , Lac Ste. Anne-Parkland , Leduc-Beaumont , Maskwacis-Wetaskiwin , Olds-Didsbury-Three Hills , Red Deer-North , Red Deer-South , Rimbey-Rocky Mountain House-Sundre , Vermilion-Lloydminster-Wainwright , and West Yellowhead . The region spreads across several census divisions : 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 14 and parts of divisions 11 , 12 and 13 . Cities Towns Villages Summer villages Improvement districts Municipal districts Special areas 52°N 113°W / 52°N 113°W / 52; -113 ( Central Alberta ) Right-of-way (property access) A right of way (also right-of-way )
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#17327729591323172-722: The owner to expand or perform construction activities on a government or private right-of-way. When a road, railroad, or canal is no longer needed, the effect on property rights depends on the jurisdiction and how the right of way was created. Many jurisdictions have a formal process of voluntary discontinuation or abandonment, often involving public comment. This allows the government to clarify which facilities it will and will not spend money to maintain, which can affect property owners and values. It also clearly distinguishes between transportation facilities which are temporarily not being used versus those which are permanently out of use, and provides for orderly transfer of rights. When an easement
3233-432: The paved or unpaved local roads used by different types of traffic. The term highway is often used in legal contexts in the sense of "main way" to mean any public-use road or any public-use road or path. Some are restricted as to mode of use (for example, pedestrians only, pedestrians, horse and cycle riders , vehicles capable of a minimum speed). Rights-of-way in the legal sense (the right to pass through or to operate
3294-439: The property to some productive use. Property outside of linear corridors, especially if improved with buildings (such as railroad stations and large highway interchanges) is more likely to be fully owned and sold off as real estate. Legal discontinuation or abandonment may trigger public auction or negotiated sale of government-owned land. Some right-of-way easements are created because the only way to access certain parcels from
3355-488: The public can use". Under federal law, all natural inland waterways of the United States are classifiable as "navigable" or "non-navigable". Navigable rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams are treated as "public highways", open to surface passage by anyone. The doctrine of navigable servitude gives the federal government primary regulatory power over navigable waters, but users are also subject to state police power . Ownership of non-tidal non-navigable waters goes along with
3416-538: The region from south to north, and the Yellowhead Highway from east to west. Other major highways include Highway 9 , Highway 21 , Veteran Memorial Highway , David Thomson Highway , Cowboy Trail , Grizzly Trail and Buffalo Trail . Poundmaker Trail runs through the north-east of the region. Health care in the region is overseen by Alberta Health Services . It was formerly served by Aspen Regional Health Authority , David Thompson Regional Health Authority and East Central Health before they were amalgamated with
3477-651: The right to "resume" land for a right of way, by means of private Acts of Parliament . Resumption means compulsory acquisition of land. The various designations of railroad right of way are as follows: Construction of houses/buildings beside railway right-of-way presents a significant safety risk. For example, the Hanoi Department of Tourism in Vietnam ordered the permanent closure of cafes and shops along Hanoi Train Street for safety reasons despite its being
3538-499: The right-of-way easement, but not the right to exclude people from passing through certain parts of what would otherwise be private land. A government may build a right of way on land it already owns, for example a public park or "unowned" land leftover from the creation of the country), or seize land or an easement by eminent domain (compulsory purchase). Private companies can purchase land or easements, and in some cases (such as private toll roads (turnpikes), canals, and railroads in
3599-612: The route. The studies call for the highway to be upgraded to a freeway standard in which all at-grade intersections would be removed between Highway 2 in Red Deer and the intersection at Highway 20 in Sylvan Lake. There is also a plan that calls for the permanent closure of the Highway 781 /50 Street intersection, with Highway 781 being realigned to the Highway 20 intersection. There is also a study on twinning Highway 11 between Sylvan Lake and Highway 766 north near Eckville. Presently
3660-404: The submerged land, and issues of public access and trespass are treated similarly to private property on land. This may be determined by explicit deed, or implicitly as an extension of ownership of adjacent land, depending on the local ownership history and state law. The right to roam in northern European countries, including Scotland, usually includes rivers and lakes. Freedom of navigation
3721-401: The typical gentle slopes and connectivity of railroad rights-of-way. Some courts will extend the real property boundaries of abutters to the middle of the abandoned right-of-way, even if the right-of-way is outside the boundaries defined in the property deed. Treating the property as if it were an undocumented easement in this way avoids long, narrow strips of unproductive land. This is known as
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