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75-664: Founded on September 17, 1949, by Dr. Jose V. De Los Santos Sr., the Father of Philippine Orthopedics, and his wife Doña Pacita V. De Los Santos, the De Los Santos Clinic was a 30-bed infirmary which specialized in providing treatment and rehabilitation to patients with bone abnormalities. Eventually, the clinic expanded in 1973 to become De Los Santos General Hospital. From then, its specialization included Internal medicine , obstetrics & gynecology , pediatrics , and surgery. In 2013, De Los Santos Medical Center became

150-457: A medical school attached to a university . In the US, medical school consists of four years. Hence, gaining a basic medical education may typically take eight years, depending on jurisdiction and university. Following completion of entry-level training, newly graduated medical practitioners are often required to undertake a period of supervised practice before their licensure , or registration ,

225-555: A European Certificate of Internal Medicine (ECIM) to facilitate the free movement of medical professionals with the EU are currently underway. The internal medicine specialist is recognized in every country in the European Union and typically requires five years of multi-disciplinary post-graduate education. The specialty of internal medicine is seen as providing care in a wide variety of conditions involving every organ system and

300-524: A compulsory subspecialty training (including acute internal medicine or a dual subspecialty including internal medicine). This latter stage of training is achieved through competition rather than just by yearly progress as the first years of postgraduate training. In the US, three organizations are responsible for the certification of trained internists (i.e., doctors who have completed an accredited residency training program) in terms of their knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are essential for patient care:

375-467: A given set of symptoms. The work of Bonet was, however, the first attempt at a system of morbid anatomy, and, although it dwelt mostly upon curiosities and monstrosities, it enjoyed much repute in its day; Haller speaks of it as an immortal work, which may in itself serve for a pathological library. Morgagni, in the preface to his own work, discusses the defects and merits of the Sepulchretum : it

450-541: A high repute in Bologna; he was made president of the Academia Enquietorum when in his twenty-second year, and he is said to have signalized his tenure of the presidential chair by discouraging abstract speculations, and by setting the fashion towards exact anatomical observation and reasoning. He published the substance of his communications to the academy in 1706 under the title of Adversaria anatomica ,

525-468: A holistic approach to care for the entire family unit. Internists also receive substantial training in various recognized subspecialties within the field and are experienced in both inpatient and outpatient settings. On the other hand, family medicine physicians receive education covering a wide range of conditions and typically train in an outpatient setting with less exposure to hospital settings. The historical roots of internal medicine can be traced back to

600-425: A memorial tablet at Padua as nobilis forolensis , "noble of Forlì ", apparently by right of his wife. At the age of sixteen he went to Bologna to study philosophy and medicine, and graduated with much praise as a doctor in both faculties three years later, in 1701. He acted as prosector to Antonio Maria Valsalva (one of the distinguished pupils of Malpighi ), who held the office of demonstrator anatomicus in

675-481: A patient is typically seen as unethical and in violation of a patient's right to make informed decisions.  However, in situations where a patient has requested not to be informed or to have the information provided to a second party or in an emergency situation in which the patient does not have decision-making capacity, withholding information may be appropriate. Giovanni Battista Morgagni Giovanni Battista Morgagni (25 February 1682 – 6 December 1771)

750-799: A period of decline, was reemphasised by the Royal College of Physicians of London report from the Future Hospital Commission (2013). The European Board of Internal Medicine (EBIM) was formed as a collaborative effort between the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) - Internal Medicine Section and the European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM) to provide guidance on standardizing training and practice of internal medicine throughout Europe. The EBIM published training requirements in 2016 for postgraduate education in internal medicine, and efforts to create

825-433: A stipend that was increased from time to time by vote of the senate until it reached twelve hundred gold ducats . Shortly after coming to Padua he married a noble lady of Forlì , who bore him three sons and twelve daughters. Morgagni enjoyed an unequaled popularity among all classes. He was of tall and dignified figure, with blonde hair and lilac eyes, and with a frank and happy expression; his manners were polished, and he

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900-742: A term commonly used for a medical doctor who has obtained a medical degree but does not yet have a license to practice medicine unsupervised. In the United States and Commonwealth nations, there is often confusion between internal medicine and family medicine , with people mistakenly considering them equivalent. Internists primarily work in hospitals, as their patients are frequently seriously ill or require extensive medical tests . Internists often have subspecialty interests in diseases affecting particular organs or organ systems. The certification process and available subspecialties may vary across different countries. Additionally, internal medicine

975-478: A writer on physics and mathematics, whose works he afterwards edited (1719) with a biography. Guglielmini desired to see him settled as a teacher at Padua, and the unexpected death of Guglielmini himself made the project feasible, Antonio Vallisneri (1661–1730) being transferred to the vacant chair, and Morgagni succeeding to the chair of theoretical medicine. He came to Padua in the spring of 1712, being then in his thirty-first year, and he taught medicine there with

1050-726: Is a medical specialty for medical doctors focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of internal diseases in adults. Medical practitioners of internal medicine are referred to as internists , or physicians in Commonwealth nations. Internists possess specialized skills in managing patients with undifferentiated or multi-system disease processes. They provide care to both hospitalized ( inpatient ) and ambulatory (outpatient) patients and often contribute significantly to teaching and research. Internists are qualified physicians who have undergone postgraduate training in internal medicine, and should not be confused with " interns ",

1125-733: Is also required. Internists may practice in Canada as generalists in Internal Medicine or serve in one of seventeen subspecialty areas. Internists may work in many settings including outpatient clinics, inpatient wards, critical care units, and emergency departments. The currently recognized subspecialties include the following: Medicine is mainly focused on the art of diagnosis and treatment with medication . The diagnostic process involves gathering data, generating one or more diagnostic hypotheses, and iteratively testing these potential diagnoses against dynamic disease profiles to determine

1200-456: Is an important part of most post-graduate education programs, and many licensed physicians continue to be involved in research activities after completing post-graduate training. Inherent in any medical profession are legal and ethical considerations. Specific laws vary by jurisdiction and may or may not be congruent with ethical considerations. Thus, a strong ethical foundation is paramount to any medical profession. Medical ethics guidelines in

1275-651: Is distinguished from family medicine in that the latter provides a broader model of care the includes both surgery and obstetrics in both adults and children. Accreditation for medical education and training programs in Australia is provided by the Australian Medical Council (AMC) and the Medical Council of New Zealeand (MCNZ). The Medical Board of Australia (MBA) is the registering body for Australian doctors and provides information to

1350-427: Is granted, typically one or two years. This period may be referred to as " internship ", "conditional registration", or " foundation programme ". Then, doctors may follow specialty training in internal medicine if they wish, typically being selected to training programs through competition. In North America, this period of postgraduate training is referred to as residency training , followed by an optional fellowship if

1425-475: Is monitored and accredited by the independent General Medical Council (which also maintains the specialist register). Doctors who have completed medical school spend two years in foundation training completing a basic postgraduate curriculum. After two years of Core Medical Training (CT1/CT2), or three years of Internal Medicine Training (IMT1/IMT2/IMT3) as of 2019, since and attaining the Membership of

1500-463: Is more to be learned from the dissection of one person who had died of tuberculosis or other chronic malady than from the bodies of ten persons who had been hanged. Francis Glisson indeed (1597–1677) shows in a passage quoted by Bonet in the preface to the Sepulchretum , that he was familiar with the idea, at least, of systematically comparing the state of the organs in a series of bodies , and of noting those conditions which invariably accompanied

1575-402: Is not accepted as good practice with few exceptions. These exceptions include cross-coverage within a practice and certain public health urgent or emergent issues. The ethics of telemedicine including questions on its impact to diagnosis, physician-patient relationship, and continuity of care have been raised. However, with appropriate use and specific guidelines, risks may be minimized and

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1650-547: Is recognized as a specialty within clinical pharmacy and veterinary medicine . The term internal medicine in English has its etymology in the 19th-century German term Innere Medizin . Originally, internal medicine focused on determining the underlying "internal" or pathological causes of symptoms and syndromes through a combination of medical tests and bedside clinical examination of patients. This approach differed from earlier generations of physicians, such as

1725-572: Is solely focused on adults and does not typically include surgery , obstetrics , or pediatrics . According to the American College of Physicians , internists are defined as "physicians who specialize in the prevention, detection, and treatment of illnesses in adults." While there may be some overlap in the patient population served by both internal medicine and family medicine physicians, internists primarily focus on adult care with an emphasis on diagnosis, whereas family medicine incorporates

1800-526: The Adversaria anatomica (1717–1719); these his strictly medical publications were few and casual (on gallstones , varices of the Venae cavae , cases of stone, and several memoranda on medico-legal points, drawn up at the request of the curia). Classical scholarship in those years occupied his pen more than anatomical observation. It was not until 1761, when he was in his eightieth year, that he brought out

1875-782: The American Board of Internal Medicine , the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine and the Board of Certification in Internal Medicine . In the UK, the General Medical Council oversees licensing and certification of internal medicine physicians. The Royal Australasian College of Physicians confers fellowship to internists (and sub-specialists) in Australia. The Medical Council of Canada oversees licensing of internists in Canada. In

1950-648: The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). Medical graduates apply for provisional registration in order to complete intern training. Those completing an accredited internship program are then eligible to apply for general registration. Once the candidate completes the required basic and advanced post-graduate training and a written and clinical examination, the Royal Australasian College of Physicians confers designation Fellow of

2025-496: The Ayurvedic anthologies of Charaka . Internal medicine specialists, also referred to as general internal medicine specialists or general medicine physicians in Commonwealth countries, are specialized physicians trained to manage complex or multisystem disease conditions that single-organ specialists may not be equipped to handle. They are often called upon to address undifferentiated presentations that do not fit neatly within

2100-584: The St. Petersburg Academy in 1735, and the Berlin Academy of Sciences in 1754. Among his more celebrated pupils were Antonio Scarpa (who died in 1832, connecting the school of Morgagni with the modern era), Domenico Cotugno (1736–1822), and Leopoldo Marco Antonio Caldani (1725–1813), the author of the magnificent atlas of anatomical plates published in 2 volumes at Venice in 1801–1814. In his earlier years at Padua, Morgagni brought out five more series of

2175-471: The specificity and sensitivity of a particular test. An important part of this process is knowledge of the various ways that a disease can present in a patient.  This knowledge is gathered and shared to add to the database of disease profiles used by physicians. This is especially important in rare diseases. Communication is a vital part of the diagnostic process. The Internist uses both synchronous and asynchronous communication with other members of

2250-565: The 17th-century English physician Thomas Sydenham , known as the father of English medicine or "the English Hippocrates ." Sydenham developed the field of nosology (the study of diseases) through a clinical approach that involved diagnosing and managing diseases based on careful bedside observation of the natural history of disease and their treatment. Sydenham emphasized understanding the internal mechanisms and causes of symptoms rather than dissecting cadavers and scrutinizing

2325-556: The 19th century. During this time, internal medicine emerged as a field that integrated the clinical approach with the use of investigations. Many American physicians of the early 20th century studied medicine in Germany and introduced this medical field to the United States, adopting the name "internal medicine" in imitation of the existing German term. Internal medicine has historical roots in ancient India and ancient China . The earliest texts about internal medicine can be found in

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2400-765: The 7th member under the largest hospital operator in the country, the Metro Pacific Hospital Holdings, Inc. (MPHHI). With the financial backing of MPHHI, De Los Santos Med is now capable of performing services in critical care and neo-natal medicine, neurosurgery , kidney transplantation , and cardiovascular medicine . This article about a hospital in the Philippines is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Internal medicine Internal medicine , also known as general internal medicine in Commonwealth nations ,

2475-554: The Bologna school, and whom he assisted more particularly in preparing his celebrated work on the Anatomy and Diseases of the Ear , published in 1704. Many years after, in 1740, Morgagni edited a collected edition of Valsalva's writings, with important additions to the treatise on the ear, and with a memoir of the author. When Valsalva was transferred to Parma Morgagni succeeded to his anatomical demonstratorship. At this period he enjoyed

2550-818: The Royal Australasian College of Physicians (FRACP). Basic training consists of three years of full-time equivalent (FTE) training (including intern year) and advanced training consists of 3–4 years, depending on specialty. The fields of specialty practice are approved by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) and managed by the MBA. The following is a list of currently recognized specialist physicians. After completing medical school, internists in Canada require an additional four years of training. Internists desiring to subspecialize are required to complete two additional years of training that may begin after

2625-490: The Royal College of Physicians , physicians commit to one of the medical specialties: Many training programmes provide dual accreditation with general (internal) medicine and are involved in the general care to hospitalised patients. These are acute medicine, cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, endocrinology and diabetes mellitus, gastroenterology, infectious diseases, renal medicine, respiratory medicine and often, rheumatology. The role of general medicine, after

2700-456: The US, two organizations are responsible for certification of subspecialists within the field: the American Board of Internal Medicine and the American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine . Physicians (not only internists) who successfully pass board exams receive "board certified" status. The following are the subspecialties recognized by the American Board of Internal Medicine . The American College of Osteopathic Internists recognizes

2775-460: The Western world typically follow four principles including beneficence , non-maleficence , patient autonomy, and justice . These principles underlie the patient-physician relationship and the obligation to put the welfare and interests of the patient above their own. The relationship is built upon the physician obligations of competency, respect for the patient, and appropriate referrals while

2850-638: The absolute necessity of basing diagnosis , prognosis , and treatment on an exact and comprehensive knowledge of anatomical conditions, he made no attempt (like that of the Vienna school sixty years later) to exalt pathological anatomy into a science disconnected from clinical medicine and remote from practical experience with the scalpel . His precision, his exhaustiveness, and his freedom from bias are his essentially modern or scientific qualities; his scholarship and high consideration for classical and foreign work, his sense of practical ends (or his common sense), and

2925-443: The benefits including increased access to care may be realized. Ethical considerations in financial include accurate billing practices and clearly defined financial relationships.  Physicians have both a professional duty and obligation under the justice principle to ensure that patients are provided the same care regardless of status or ability to pay.  However, informal copayment forgiveness may have legal ramifications and

3000-822: The best course of action for the patient. Data may be gathered directly from the patient in medical history-taking and physical examination . Previous medical records including laboratory findings, imaging, and clinical notes from other physicians is also an important source of information; however, it is vital to talk to and examine the patient to find out what the patient is currently experiencing to make an accurate diagnosis. Internists often can perform and interpret diagnostic tests like EKGs and ultrasound imaging (Point-of-care Ultrasound – PoCUS). Internists who pursue sub-specialties have additional diagnostic tools, including those listed below. Other tests are ordered, and patients are also referred to specialists for further evaluation.  The effectiveness and efficiency of

3075-415: The breadth of his intellectual horizon prove him to have lived before medical science had become largely technical or mechanical. His treatise was the commencement of the era of steady, or cumulative progress in pathology and in practical medicine. From that time on, symptoms ceased to be made up into more or less conventional groups, each of which was a disease; on the other hand, they began to be viewed as

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3150-483: The circumstances under which the De Sedibus took origin. Having finished his edition of Valsalva in 1740, he was taking a holiday in the country, spending much of his time in the company, of a young friend who was curious in many branches of knowledge. The conversation turned upon the Sepulchretum of Bonet, and it was suggested to Morgagni by his dilettante friend that he should put on record his own observations. It

3225-413: The complexity involved in explaining the treatment of diseases that are not localized to a single organ, there has been some confusion surrounding the meaning of internal medicine and the role of an "internist". Although internists may serve as primary care physicians , they are not synonymous with " family physicians ", "family practitioners", " general practitioners ", or "GPs". The training of internists

3300-473: The cry of the suffering organs, and it became possible to develop Thomas Sydenham 's grand conception of a natural history of disease in a catholic or scientific spirit. A biography of Morgagni by Mosca was published at Naples in 1768. His life may also be read in Angelo Fabroni 's Vitae illustr. Italor. , and a convenient abridgment of Fabroni's memoir will be found prefixed to Tissot's edition of

3375-482: The dead. Many of the cases are taken from Morgagni's early experiences at Bologna, and from the records of his teachers Valsalva and I.F. Albertini (1662–1738) not elsewhere published. They are selected and arranged with method and purpose, and they are often (and somewhat casually) made the occasion of a long excursus on general pathology and medicine. During his career as a physician he was careful to take extensive notes on many of his consultations. These writings allow

3450-449: The disease and are based on the likelihood that someone with the disease has a particular symptom.  A list of potential diagnoses is termed the "differential diagnosis" for the patient and is typically ordered from most likely to least likely, with special attention given to those conditions that have dire consequences for the patient if they were missed. Epidemiology and endemic conditions are also considered in creating and evaluating

3525-739: The first of a series by which he became favorably known throughout Europe as an accurate anatomist; the book included Observations of the Larynx , the Lachrymal Apparatus , and the Pelvic Organs in the Female . After a time he gave up his post at Bologna, and occupied himself for the next two or three years at Padua, where he had a friend in Domenico Guglielmini (1655–1710), professor of medicine, but better-known as

3600-635: The following subspecialties: In the United Kingdom, the three medical Royal Colleges (the Royal College of Physicians of London, the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow ) are responsible for setting curricula and training programmes through the Joint Royal Colleges Postgraduate Training Board (JRCPTB), although the process

3675-402: The fundamental principle that most diseases are not vaguely dispersed throughout the body, but originate locally, in specific organs and tissues. His parents were in comfortable circumstances, but not of the nobility ; it appears from his letters to Giovanni Maria Lancisi that Morgagni had ambitions to improve his rank. It may be inferred that he succeeded from the fact that he is described on

3750-472: The great work which, once for all, made pathological anatomy a science, and diverted the course of medicine into new channels of exactness or precision—the De Sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis "Of the seats and causes of diseases investigated through anatomy", in five books printed as two folio volumes, which during the succeeding ten years, notwithstanding its bulk, was reprinted several times (thrice in four years) in its original Latin, and

3825-563: The incorporation of scientific principles into medical practice in the 1800s, while family medicine emerged as part of the primary care movement in the 1960s. The training and career pathways for internists vary considerably across different countries. Many programs require previous undergraduate education prior to medical school admission. This " pre-medical " education is typically four or five years in length. Graduate medical education programs vary in length by country. Medical education programs are tertiary -level courses , undertaken at

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3900-411: The internal workings of the body. In the 17th century, there was a shift towards anatomical pathology and laboratory studies, and Giovanni Battista Morgagni , an Italian anatomist of the 18th century, is considered the father of anatomical pathology. Laboratory investigations gained increasing significance, with contributions from physicians like German physician and bacteriologist Robert Koch in

3975-477: The internist decides to train in a subspecialty. In most countries, residency training for internal medicine lasts three years and centers on secondary and tertiary levels of health care , as opposed to primary health care . In Commonwealth countries, trainees are often called senior house officers for four years after the completion of their medical degree (foundation and core years). After this period, they are able to advance to registrar grade when they undergo

4050-418: The list of diagnoses. The list is dynamic and changes as the physician obtains additional information that makes a condition more ("rule-in") or less ("rule-out") likely based on the disease profile.  The list is used to determine what information will be acquired next, including which diagnostic test or imaging modality to order.  The selection of tests is also based on the physician's knowledge of

4125-439: The medical care team, including other internists, radiologists, specialists, and laboratory technicians.  Tools to evaluate teamwork exist and have been employed in multiple settings. Communication to the patient is also important to ensure there is informed consent and shared decision-making throughout the diagnostic process. Treatment modalities generally include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, depending on

4200-515: The modern reader to observe his practice and description of the body through his own words. We are further able to examine the progress of Morgagni's study of anatomy as it related to his treatment of patients. We are further able to view a particular perspective of a single physician in the context of the 18th century when he lived in order better understand medical practice during this time period. The range of Morgagni's scholarship, as evidenced by his references to early and contemporary literature ,

4275-619: The most brilliant success until his death on 6 December 1771. When he had been three years in Padua, which at the time was part of the Republic of Venice , an opportunity occurred for his promotion (by the Venetian senate ) to the chair of anatomy. In this prestigious position he became the successor of an illustrious line of scholars, including Vesalius , Gabriele Falloppio , Geronimo Fabrizio , Gasserius, and Adrianus Spigelius, and enjoyed

4350-415: The patient requirements include decision-making and provides or withdraws consent for any treatment plan.  Good communication is key to a strong relationship but has ethical considerations as well, including proper use of electronic communication and clear documentation. Providing treatment including prescribing medications based on remote information gathering without a proper established relationship

4425-400: The present time; others, again, are fragments brought in to elucidate some question that had arisen. The symptoms during the course of the malady and other antecedent circumstances are always prefixed with more or less fullness, and discussed from the point of view of the conditions found after death. Subjects in all ranks of life, including several cardinals, figure in this remarkable gallery of

4500-540: The primary diagnosis. Additional treatment options include referral to specialist care including physical therapy and rehabilitation.   Treatment recommendations differ in the acute inpatient and outpatient settings. Continuity of care and long-term follow-up is crucial in successful patient outcomes. Aside from diagnosing and treating acute conditions, the Internist may also assess disease risk and recommend preventive screening and intervention.  Some of

4575-756: The providing professional courtesy may have negatively impact care. Physicians must disclose all possible conflicts of interest including financial relationships, investments, research and referral relationships, and any other instances that may subjugate or give the appearance of subjugating patient care to self-interest. Other foundational ethical considerations include privacy, confidentiality, accurate and complete medical records, electronic health records , disclosure, and informed decision-making and consent. Electronic health records have been shown to improve patient care but have risks including data breaches and inappropriate and/or unauthorized disclosure of protected health information. Withholding information from

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4650-686: The scope of a single-organ specialty, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, chest pain, confusion, or alterations in conscious state. They may manage serious acute illnesses that affect multiple organ systems concurrently within a single patient, as well as the management of multiple chronic diseases in a single patient. While many internal medicine physicians choose to subspecialize in specific organ systems , general internal medicine specialists do not necessarily possess any lesser expertise than single-organ specialists. Rather, they are specifically trained to care for patients with multiple simultaneous problems or complex comorbidities. Due to

4725-459: The specialist referral process is an area of potential improvement. Determining which pieces of information are most important to the next phase of the diagnostic process is of vital importance. It is during this stage that clinical bias like anchoring or premature closure may be introduced. Once key findings are determined, they are compared to profiles of possible diseases.  These profiles include findings that are typically associated with

4800-590: The students of the German nation, of all the faculties there, elected him their patron, and he advised and assisted them in the purchase of a house to be a German library and club, for all time. He was elected into the imperial Caesareo-Leopoldina Academy in 1708 (originally located at Schweinfurth), and to a higher grade in 1732, into the Royal Society in 1724, into the Paris Academy of Sciences in 1731,

4875-415: The symptoms determine the order and manner of presenting the anatomical facts. His 1769 work described the post mortem findings of air in cerebral circulation and surmised this was the cause of death. Although Morgagni's cases resulted from gas embolism due to damage to the bowel, the same pathology is seen in decompression illness . Although Morgagni was the first to understand and to demonstrate

4950-406: The task of epistolary instruction was begun. The letters are arranged in five books, treating of the morbid conditions of the body a capite ad calcem , and together containing the records of some 646 dissections. Some of these are given at great length, and with a precision of statement and exhaustiveness of detail hardly surpassed in the so-called protocols of the German pathological institutes of

5025-565: The third year of internist training. The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) is a national non-profit agency that oversees and accredits medical education in Canada. A full medical license in Internal Medicine in Canada requires a medical degree, a license from the Medical Council of Canada , completion of the required post-graduate education, and certification from the RCPSC. Any additional requirements from separate medical regulatory authorities in each province or territory

5100-608: The tools available to the Internist include genetic evaluation. Internists also routinely provide pre-operative medical evaluations including individualized assessment and communication of operative risk. Training the next generation of internists is an important part of the profession.  As mentioned above, post-graduate medical education is provided by licensed physicians as part of accredited education programs that are usually affiliated with teaching hospitals. Studies show that there are no differences in patient outcomes in teaching versus non-teaching facilities. Medical research

5175-451: Was agreed that letters on the anatomy of diseased, organs and parts should be written for the perusal of this favoured youth (whose name is not mentioned); and they were continued from time to time until they numbered seventy. Those seventy letters constitute the De sedibus et causis morborum , which was given to the world as a systematic treatise in 2 vols., folio (Venice, 1761), twenty years after

5250-542: Was an Italian anatomist , generally regarded as the father of modern anatomical pathology , who taught thousands of medical students from many countries during his 56 years as Professor of Anatomy at the University of Padua . His most significant literary contribution, the monumental five-volume On the Seats and Causes of Disease , embodied a lifetime of experience in anatomical dissection and observation, and established

5325-406: Was born; it was republished at Geneva (3 vols., folio) in 1700, and again at Leiden in 1709. Although the normal anatomy of the body had been comprehensively, and in some parts exhaustively, written by Vesalius and Fallopius, it had not occurred to any one to examine and describe systematically the anatomy of diseased organs and parts. Harvey , a century after Vesalius, poignantly remarks that there

5400-420: Was largely a compilation of other men's cases, well and ill authenticated; it was prolix, often inaccurate and misleading from ignorance of the normal anatomy, and it was wanting in what would now be called objective impartiality, a quality which was introduced as decisively into morbid anatomy by Morgagni as it had been introduced two centuries earlier into normal human anatomy by Vesalius. Morgagni has narrated

5475-478: Was noted for the elegance of his Latin style. He lived in harmony with his colleagues, who are said not even to have envied him his unprecedentedly large stipend; his house and lecture-theatre were frequented tanquam officina sapientiae by students of all ages, attracted from all parts of Europe; he enjoyed the friendship and favor of distinguished Venetian senators and of cardinals ; and successive popes conferred honours upon him. Before he had been long in Padua

5550-536: Was translated into French (1765, republished 1820), English (1769), and German languages (1771). In 1769, he gave possibly the first description of what was later named Crohn's disease . The only special treatise on pathological anatomy previous to that of Morgagni was the work of Théophile Bonet of Neuchâtel , Sepulchretum: sive anatomia practica ex cadaveribus morbo denatis , "The Cemetery, or, anatomy practiced from corpses dead of disease", first published ( Geneva , 2 vols. folio) in 1679, three years before Morgagni

5625-429: Was very broad. It has been contended that he was himself not free from prolixity , the besetting sin of the learned; and certainly the form and arrangement of his treatise are such as to make it difficult to use by subsequent practitioners, notwithstanding that it is well indexed in the original edition, in that of Tissot (3 vols., 4to, Yverdon, 1779), and in more recent editions. It differs from modern treatises insofar as

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