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89-478: Der Stürmer ( pronounced [deːɐ̯ ˈʃtʏʁmɐ] ; literally, "The Stormer / Stormtrooper / Attacker") was a weekly German tabloid-format newspaper published from 1923 to the end of World War II by Julius Streicher , the Gauleiter of Franconia , with brief suspensions in publication due to legal difficulties. It was a significant part of Nazi propaganda , and was virulently anti-Semitic . The paper

178-693: A Parteiredner (Party orator) giving speeches throughout the area. On 12 May 1926, he joined the Schutzstaffel (SS), forming and leading the SS Group "Nurnberg-Fürth" in July 1926. From February 1928, Forster was employed as a payment office official by the German National Association of Commercial Employees ( Deutschnationaler Handlungsgehilfen-Verband , DHV), a nationalist and anti-Semitic trade union. Forster unsuccessfully sought

267-464: A broadsheet. Its sister publication, Meia Hora has always been a tabloid, but in slightly smaller format than O Dia and Lance! . The more recent usage of the term 'tabloid' refers to weekly or semi-weekly newspapers in tabloid format. Many of these are essentially straightforward newspapers, publishing in tabloid format, because subway and bus commuters prefer to read smaller-size newspapers due to lack of space. These newspapers are distinguished from

356-458: A crowded commuter bus or train . The term compact was coined in the 1970s by the Daily Mail , one of the earlier newspapers to make the change, although it now once again calls itself a tabloid. The purpose behind this was to avoid the association of the word tabloid with the flamboyant, salacious editorial style of the red top newspaper. The early converts from broadsheet format made

445-833: A dedicated Mumbai tabloid newspaper, Mumbai Mirror , which gives prominence to Mumbai-related stories and issues. Tehelka started as a news portal in 2000. It broke the story about match-fixing in Indian and International Cricket and the sting operation on defence deals in the Indian Army. In 2007, it closed shop and reappeared in tabloid form, and has been appreciated for its brand of investigative journalism. Other popular tabloid newspapers in English media are Mid-Day , an afternoon newspaper published out of and dedicated to Mumbai and business newspapers like MINT . There are numerous tabloids in most of India's official languages. There

534-683: A lengthy telephone consultation with the desperate Himmler that Forster allowed the passengers to disembark, on the understanding that their residence in the Reichsgau would be temporary, though most did not, ultimately, leave the region. In time he had to relent, and by June 1944, 53,258 colonists had settled in Danzig-West Prussia, a far cry from the 421,780 settled in the Warthegau. Forster's Germanization policies left less free land and housing than Greiser's mass expulsions, although it

623-591: A native Danziger. Forster immediately embarked on an aggressive propaganda campaign and membership drive. In November 1930, he became the founder and publisher of the Danziger Beobachter (Danzig Observer). From December 1930 to December 1932, he increased the Party member ship from 1,310 to 9,519. The Danzig SA likewise expanded from 150 to 1,500 members. After the Nazi seizure of power , Forster spearheaded

712-538: A newspaper for the British Columbia market. The Canadian publisher Black Press publishes newspapers in the provinces of British Columbia and Alberta in both tabloid ( 10 + 1 ⁄ 4  in (260 mm) wide by 14 + 1 ⁄ 2  in (368 mm) deep) and what it calls "tall tab" format, where the latter is 10 + 1 ⁄ 4  in (260 mm) wide by 16 + 1 ⁄ 4  in (413 mm) deep, larger than tabloid but smaller than

801-486: A policy of genocide and forced assimilation of the population in his area of responsibility. At the start of the war Forster planned ethnic cleansing of all Poles originating from Congress Poland and all Jews by February 1940 from his Gau, but unforeseen problems with agriculture workers and the inadequate character of German settlers forced him to revise his policies. Forster was willing to accept any and all Poles who claimed to have "German blood" as Germans. In practice,

890-564: A seat in the Reichstag at the 20 May 1928 election . However, that year he advanced to Party Bezirksleiter (District Leader) for Middle Franconia , while also retaining his leadership in Fürth; he would continue to hold these positions through December 1929. At the 14 September 1930 election , Forster was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 26, Franconia, and was made

979-528: A soup kitchen, Der Stürmer ran articles accusing the business of poisoning the food being served. Der Stürmer criticized and cherrypicked every single price increase and decrease in Jewish shops, as well as their charitable donations, denouncing it as a further form of financial greed. This attack on Jewish benevolence, generosity, and philanthropism received the most public criticism out of all of Der Stürmer' s anti-Semitic propaganda. Its "Letter Box" encouraged

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1068-557: Is Bulgar , but some are written in English, like the People's Journal and Tempo . Like their common journalistic connotations, Philippine tabloids usually report sensationalist crime stories and celebrity gossip, and some tabloids feature topless photos of girls. Several tabloids are vernacular counterparts of English broadsheet newspapers by the same publisher, like Pilipino Star Ngayon ( The Philippine Star ), Bandera ( Philippine Daily Inquirer ), and Balita ( Manila Bulletin ). In

1157-525: Is an all youth tabloid by the name of TILT – The ILIKE Times. In Indonesia, tabloids include Bola, GO (Gema Olahraga, defunct), Soccer (defunct), Fantasy (defunct), Buletin Sinetron (defunct), Pro TV (defunct), Citra (defunct), Genie , Bintang Indonesia (Indonesian Stars) , Nyata , Wanita Indonesia (Women of Indonesia), Cek and Ricek , and Nova . In Oman, TheWeek is a free, 48-page, all-colour, independent weekly published from Muscat in

1246-532: Is circulated mostly among blue-collar labourers . Compact tabloids, just like broadsheet - and Berliner -format newspapers, span the political spectrum from progressive to conservative and from capitalist to socialist . In Morocco , Maroc Soir , launched in November 2005, is published in tabloid format. In South Africa , the Bloemfontein-based daily newspaper Volksblad became

1335-737: Is evident that Forster's perception of the ethnic German refugees as wards of the SS played its role in determining his attitude. At the end of the war, Forster took refuge in the British Occupation Zone of Germany. The British handed him over to the Republic of Poland . In 1948, Forster was condemned to death by the Polish court for war crimes (the Supreme National Tribunal ) and crimes against humanity . He

1424-477: Is largely of editorial style; both red top and compact tabloids span the width of the political spectrum from socialism to capitalist conservatism , although red-top tabloids, on account of their historically working-class target market, generally embrace populism to some degree. Red top tabloids are so named due to their tendency, in British and Commonwealth usage, to have their mastheads printed in red ink;

1513-620: Is reproached for his Stürmer . The truth is the opposite of what people say: He idealized the Jew. The Jew is baser, fiercer, more diabolical than Streicher depicted him." In February 1942, he praised the newspaper, by stating: "One must never forget the services rendered by the Stürmer . Now that the Jews are known for what they are, nobody any longer thinks that Streicher libeled them." Hermann Rauschning , who claimed to be Hitler's "confidant", said in

1602-481: Is therefore to be hoped that those who want to learn the unvarnished truth about the Jewish question will read the Stürmer . Hitler considered Streicher's primitive methods to be effective in influencing "the man in the street". Although Streicher and his paper were increasingly isolated in the Nazi party, Hitler continued to support Streicher, and was an avid reader of Der Stürmer . In December 1941, he stated: "Streicher

1691-651: The Boston Herald . US tabloids that ceased publication include Denver's Rocky Mountain News . In Australia , tabloids include The Advertiser , the Herald Sun , The Sun-Herald , The Daily Telegraph , The Courier Mail , The West Australian , The Mercury , the Hamilton Spectator , The Portland Observer , The Casterton News and The Melbourne Observer . In Argentina , one of

1780-532: The Daily Star and the Daily Mirror . Although not using red mastheads, the Daily Mail and Daily Express also use the 'tabloid journalism' model. In contrast to red-top tabloids, compacts use an editorial style more closely associated with broadsheet newspapers. In fact, most compact tabloids formerly used the broadsheet paper size, but changed to accommodate reading in tight spaces, such as on

1869-994: The New York Post , the Daily News and Newsday in New York, the San Francisco Examiner , The Bakersfield Californian and La Opinión in California , The Jersey Journal and The Trentonian in New Jersey, the Philadelphia Daily News , the Delaware County Daily Times and The Citizens' Voice , The Burlington Free Press , The Oregonian , the Chicago Sun-Times , and

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1958-743: The Beer Hall Putsch when the Nazi Party was outlawed, he became a member of a Nazi front organization , the Greater German People's Community , and served as its local leader. During this time he was befriended by Julius Streicher , the Party leader of northern Bavaria, and became a part-time journalist for Streicher's weekly antisemitic paper Der Stürmer . He was an observer at the trial for high treason of Erich Ludendorff , Adolf Hitler and eight others putschists , which took place between 26 February and 1 April 1924 in

2047-607: The Berliner format (2008–2013) and now adopts a compact format with 32 pages during the week and 48 pages on Saturday. In Bangladesh , the Daily Manab Zamin became the first and is now the largest circulated Bengali language tabloid in the world. In Georgia , the weekly English-language newspaper The Financial switched to a compact format in 2005 and doubled the number of pages in each issue. Other Georgian-language newspapers have tested compact formats in

2136-652: The Netherlands , several newspapers have started publishing tabloid versions of their newspapers, including one of the major 'quality' newspapers, NRC Handelsblad , with nrc•next (ceased 2021) in 2006. Two free tabloid newspapers were also introduced in the early 2000s, ' Metro and Sp!ts (ceased 2014), mostly for distribution in public transportation. In 2007, a third and fourth free tabloid appeared, ' De Pers ' (ceased 2012) and ' DAG ' (ceased 2008). De Telegraaf , came in broadsheet but changed to tabloid in 2014. In Norway , close to all newspapers have switched from

2225-537: The Nice Matin (or Le Dauphiné ), a popular Southern France newspaper changed from Broadsheet to Tabloid on 8 April 2006. They changed the printing format in one day after test results showed that 74% liked the Tabloid format compared to Broadsheet. But the most famous tabloid dealing with crime stories is Le Nouveau Détective , created in the early 20th century. This weekly tabloid has a national circulation. In

2314-637: The SS since 1926, Forster was promoted to SS- Obergruppenführer on 31 December 1941. In September 1944, he was given command of the Volkssturm forces in hie Reichsgau . He would retain these posts until fleeing Danzig on 27 March 1945 ahead of the invading Soviet forces. Adolf Hitler instructed the Gauleiters , namely Forster and his rival Arthur Greiser, Gauleiter in the Warthegau , to Germanise

2403-484: The Southern Philippines , a new weekly tabloid, The Mindanao Examiner , now includes media services, such as photography and video production, into its line as a source to finance the high cost of printing and other expenses. It is also into independent film making. The Berliner format, used by many prominent European newspapers, is sized between the tabloid and the broadsheet. In a newspaper context,

2492-579: The Stürmer . It was the one periodical that he always read with pleasure, from the first page to the last. During the war, the paper's circulation suffered because of paper shortages, as well as Streicher's exile from Nuremberg for corruption. More ominously, because of the Holocaust , the people it targeted had begun to disappear from everyday life, which diminished the paper's relevance. Hitler, however, insisted that Streicher receive sufficient support to continue publishing Der Stürmer . The final edition of

2581-504: The blood libel and graphic caricatures of Jews, as well as sexually explicit, anti-communist, and anti- monarchist propaganda. As early as 1933, Streicher was calling for the extermination of the Jews in Der Stürmer . During the war, Streicher regularly authorized articles demanding the annihilation and extermination of the " Jewish race ". After the war, Streicher was convicted of being an accessory for crimes against humanity , and

2670-899: The 1880s. In the nameplate was the motto "Deutsches Wochenblatt zum Kampfe um die Wahrheit" ("German Weekly Newspaper in the Fight for Truth"). Stories of Rassenschande , which denoted alleged scandals of Jewish men and German women having sex, were staples of Der Stürmer . Streicher described Jews as sex offenders who were "violators of the innocent, perpetrators of bizarre sex crimes, and ritual murderers", who allegedly performed in religious ceremonies using blood of other humans, usually Christians . Streicher also frequently reported attempts of child molestation by Jews. Der Stürmer never lacked details about sexual intercourse, names, and crimes to keep readers aroused and entertained. These accusations, articles, and crimes printed in Der Stürmer were often inaccurate, and rarely investigated by staff members. In

2759-492: The 1918 reference to smaller sheet newspapers that contained the condensed stories. Tabloid newspapers, especially in the United Kingdom , vary widely in their target market, political alignment, editorial style, and circulation. Thus, various terms have been coined to describe the subtypes of this versatile paper format. There are, broadly, two main types of tabloid newspaper: red top and compact . The distinction

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2848-568: The 19th of October he reprimanded Nazi officials in the city of Grudziadz for not "spilling enough Polish blood." The total number of victims of what Christopher Browning calls an "orgy of murder and deportation" cannot be precisely estimated. Forster reported that 87,000 people had been "evacuated" from the region by February 1940. Forster was one of those responsible for the mass murders in Piaśnica , where approximately 12,000 to 16,000 Poles, Jews, Czechs, Kashubians and even Germans were killed in

2937-539: The 36th SS- Standarte in Danzig. In January 1935, he was named chairman of the Danzig branch of the Nordische Gesellschaft (Nordic Society) that was charged with strengthening German-Nordic cultural and political cooperation. On 23 January 1936, he became a member of the personal staff of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler . Before World War II , Forster had tried and failed to gain control over

3026-618: The Berlin chancellery, with Hitler and Rudolf Hess as witnesses and wedding guests. However, a 1943–44 report on Hitler titled Analysis of the Personality of Adolph Hitler by psychoanalyst Walter C. Langer asserts that Forster "is known to be a homosexual" and was often addressed as "Bubi," a common term of affection among German homosexuals of the era. In 1937 Forster boasted about his fight against communists and other "subhumans". In 1939, following orders from Berlin , Forster led

3115-530: The General Government. By November 1939 Danzig-West Prussia was declared "Judenfrei". It is estimated that up to 30,000 Jews from Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany in Pomerania and attached to Danzig-West Prussia were murdered during the war. The Nazi policy and terror instituted by Forster offered only two possibilities to the Polish population: extermination or Germanisation. Forster pursued

3204-550: The German invasion of Poland, Forster on 8 September was appointed Chief of Civil Administration in the military district of Danzig-West Prussia, which subsequently was annexed to the German Reich on 8 October 1939. The military administration ended and he was then appointed Gauleiter of the newly created Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia on 21 October. At the same time, he was also named Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) of

3293-606: The Invasion of Poland and they became Reichsgau Danzig – West Prussia, Forster's distrust of the local Nazi leaders led him to deny them political power. Forster filled all the significant positions with his allies from the pre-war Free City of Danzig. This snub created a great bitterness among the local Germans in addition to Forster's Germanisation policies, which denied them a higher status than local Poles. In May 1934 Forster, who had been made an Honorary Citizen of Fürth and of Danzig, married Gertrud Deetz. The wedding took place in

3382-411: The Jews' hatred for Christianity was concealed only for one reason: Business." Jewish businessmen were often portrayed as doing almost anything to obtain financial wealth, which included, in his words, "become a usurper, a traitor, a murderer". In the summer of 1931, Streicher focused much of the paper's attention on a Jewish-owned butchery. As an example, when a philanthropic merchant started operating

3471-710: The Nazi take-over of Danzig in the spring of 1933, attaining an absolute majority for the Nazi Party in the Danzig Senate. Hitler rewarded him with the leadership of the DHV on 10 May 1933, making him the head of all clerical employee organizations within the German Labor Front . On 15 September he was appointed to the Prussian State Council and in January 1934, he was made honorary Führer of

3560-517: The Poles". The Selbstschutz later participated in the massacres as Piaśnica. In 1946 a Polish National Tribunal in Gdańsk held Forster responsible for the murders at Piasnica. Forster at the outbreak of the war declared that "Jews are not humans, and must be eradicated like vermin...mercy towards Jews is reprehensible. Any means of destruction of Jews is desirable." Jews were killed locally or deported to

3649-583: The Sultanate of Oman. Oman's first free newspaper was launched in March 2003 and has now gone on to gather what is believed to be the largest readership for any publication in Oman. Ms Mohana Prabhakar is the managing editor of the publication. TheWeek is audited by BPA Worldwide, which has certified its circulation as being a weekly average of 50,300. In Pakistan, Khabrain is a tabloid newspaper popular within

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3738-477: The agitation in Danzig to step up pressure for annexation by Nazi Germany and proclaimed that in future "Poland will be only a dream". On 23 August Forster replaced Greiser as Danzig's head of state. The Danzig issue was one of the pretexts used for the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939 . He was hateful of Jews whom he called "dirty and slippery race" and he expressed his desire to control parts of Poland after Poles would be expelled from them. Immediately following

3827-565: The area, promising that "There would be no questions asked" about how this " Germanisation " was to be accomplished. Forster's goal was to make the area fully Germanised within ten years, and he was directly responsible for extermination policy in the region. Forster was directly responsible for the extermination of non-Germans in Danzig-West Prussia . He personally believed in the need to engage in genocide of Poles and stated that, "We have to exterminate this nation, starting from

3916-581: The black working class. It sells over 500,000 copies per day, reaching approximately 3,000,000 readers. Besides offering a sometimes satirical view of the seriousness of mainstream news, the Daily Sun also covers fringe theories and paranormal claims such as tikoloshes , ancestral visions and all things supernatural. It is also published as the Sunday Sun . In Mauritius , the popular afternoon newspaper Le Mauricien shifted from tabloid (1908–2008) to

4005-583: The broadsheet to the tabloid format, which measures 280 x 400 mm. The three biggest newspapers are Dagbladet , VG , and Aftenposten . In Poland , the newspaper Fakt , sometimes Super Express is considered as tabloid. In the United Kingdom, three previously broadsheet daily newspapers— The Times , The Scotsman and The Guardian —have switched to tabloid size in recent years, and two— Daily Express and Daily Mail —in former years, although The Times and The Scotsman call

4094-764: The broadsheets it also publishes. In the United States , daily tabloids date back to the founding of the New York Daily News in 1919, followed by the New York Daily Mirror , and the New York Evening Graphic in the 1920s. Competition among those three for crime, sex and celebrity news was considered a scandal to the mainstream press of the day. The tabloid format is used by a number of respected and indeed prize-winning American papers. Prominent U.S. tabloids include

4183-603: The change in the 1970s; two British papers that took this step at the time were the Daily Mail and the Daily Express . In 2003, The Independent also made the change for the same reasons, quickly followed by The Scotsman and The Times . On the other hand, The Morning Star had always used the tabloid size, but stands in contrast to both the red top papers and the former broadsheets; although The Morning Star emphasizes hard news , it embraces socialism and

4272-497: The compressed tablets they marketed as "Tabloid" pills in the late 1880s. The connotation of tabloid was soon applied to other small compressed items. A 1902 item in London's Westminster Gazette noted, "The proprietor intends to give in tabloid form all the news printed by other journals." Thus tabloid journalism in 1901, originally meant a paper that condensed stories into a simplified, easily absorbed format. The term preceded

4361-523: The country's two main newspapers, Clarín , is a tabloid. In Brazil , many newspapers are tabloids, including sports daily Lance! (which circulates in cities such as Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo ), most publications currently and formerly owned by Grupo RBS (especially the Porto Alegre daily Zero Hora ), and, in March 2009, Rio de Janeiro-based O Dia switched to tabloid from broadsheet, though, several years later, it reverted to being

4450-597: The court at Munich . Forster was in attendance in Munich when the Nazi Party was refounded by Hitler on 27 February 1925, and he again became the Ortsgruppenleiter (Local Group Leader) in Fürth. He officially rejoined the Party on 5 April 1925 (membership number 1,924); as an early Party member he was considered an Alter Kämpfer and would later be awarded the Golden Party Badge . He soon became

4539-492: The cradle" and declared that Poles and Jews were not human. Around 70 camps were set up for Polish people in Pomerania where they were subjected to murder, torture and, in the case of women and girls, rape before being executed. Between the 10th and 15th of September, Forster organised a meeting of top Nazi officials in his region and ordered the immediate removal of all "dangerous" Poles, all Jews, and all Polish clergy. In some cases Forster ordered executions himself. On

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4628-445: The early 1990s. Tabloid journalism is still an evolving concept in India's print media. The first tabloid, Blitz was started by Russi Karanjia on February 1, 1941 with the words "Our Blitz, India's Blitz against Hitler !". Blitz was first published in English and then branched out with Hindi , Marathi and Urdu versions. In 1974, Russi's daughter Rita founded the Cine Blitz magazine. In 2005, Times of India brought out

4717-503: The expense. In 1927, Der Stürmer sold about 27,000 copies every week. By 1935, its circulation had increased to around 480,000. From the late 1920s, Julius Streicher 's vulgar style of propagandism increasingly became a cause of embarrassment for the Nazi Party. In 1936, the sale of Der Stürmer was restricted in Berlin during the Summer Olympics , in an attempt to preserve the Nazi regime's international reputation and prestige. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels tried to completely ban

4806-507: The expert advisor on labor and clerical employee issues to the Nazi Reichstag faction. When elected, he was the youngest deputy in the Reichstag . On 15 October 1930, Forster became the Nazi Party's Gauleiter of the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk , Poland ), replacing Arthur Greiser who then became the Deputy Gauleiter . This touched off a feud between them and Greiser was to remain Forster's lifelong nemesis. Many residents resented Forster as an interloper who had replaced Greiser,

4895-410: The first serious broadsheet newspaper to switch to tabloid, but only on Saturdays. Despite the format being popular with its readers, the newspaper remains broadsheet on weekdays. This is also true of Pietermaritzburg's daily, The Witness in the province of KwaZulu-Natal . The Daily Sun , published by Naspers , has since become South Africa's biggest-selling daily newspaper and is aimed primarily at

4984-582: The format " compact " to avoid the down-market connotation of the word tabloid . Similarly, when referring to the down-market tabloid newspapers the alternative term " red-top " (referring to their traditionally red-coloured mastheads) is increasingly used, to distinguish them from the up- and middle-market compact newspapers. The Morning Star also comes in tabloid format; however, it avoids celebrity stories, and instead favours issues relating to labour unions . In Canada many newspapers of Postmedia 's Sun brand are in tabloid format including The Province ,

5073-425: The lower middle class. This news group introduced a new paper, Naya Akhbar which is comparably more sensational. At the local level, many sensational tabloids can be seen but, unlike Khabrain or other big national newspapers, they are distributed only on local levels in districts. Tabloids in the Philippines are usually written in local languages, like Tagalog or Bisaya , one of the listed top Tagalog tabloids

5162-400: The major daily newspapers, in that they purport to offer an "alternative" viewpoint, either in the sense that the paper's editors are more locally oriented, or that the paper is editorially independent from major media conglomerates. Other factors that distinguish "alternative" weekly tabloids from the major daily newspapers are their less-frequent publication, and that they are usually free to

5251-604: The method of determining whether Poles had any German ancestry or not was to send out Nazi Party workers to interview the local Poles; all Poles who stated that they had German ancestry had their answers taken at face value with no documentation required. Refusal to become Germanised was punishable by deportation to the General Government or imprisonment in a concentration camp . In some cases whole settlements were classed as populated by Germans in order to meet quotas Forster laid down. Practical issues like food production could influence Forster's decisions on whom to expel. Forster

5340-421: The mid-1930s: Antisemitism was beyond question the most important weapon in Hitler's propagandist arsenal, and almost everywhere, it was of deadly efficiency. That was why he had allowed Streicher, for example, a free hand. The man's stuff, too, was amusing, and very cleverly done. Wherever, he wondered, did Streicher get his constant supply of new material? He, Hitler, was simply on thorns to see each new issue of

5429-422: The new territory, thereby uniting under his control the highest party and governmental offices in his jurisdiction. Additionally, he was appointed Reich Defense Commissioner of the newly established Wehrkreis (Military District) XX, consisting of the new Reichsgau . On 7 July 1940 he was elected to the Reichstag for Danzig-West Prussia and would remain a member until the end of the Nazi regime. A member of

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5518-492: The newspaper in 1938, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring forbade Der Stürmer in all of his departments, and Baldur von Schirach prohibited Hitler Youth members from reading it in Hitler Youth-sponsored hostels and other education facilities by a "Reichsbefehl" ("Reich command"). Göring harboured a particularly intense hatred of the paper, especially after it published a libelous article alleging that his daughter Edda had been conceived through artificial insemination . It

5607-479: The newspaper was published in February 1945. The chief editor, Julius Streicher , was tried at Nuremberg after the end of the war, and after being found guilty of being an accessory to crimes against humanity, he was hanged in 1946. According to the American writer Dennis Showalter , "a major challenge of political antisemitism involves overcoming the images of the 'Jew next door' – the living, breathing acquaintance or associate whose simple existence appears to deny

5696-467: The newspaper's opinion, if a German girl became pregnant by a Jew, the Jew would deny paternity, offer to pay for an abortion, fail to pay child support, or leave for the U.S. Within Der Stürmer , it was not uncommon to read reports of German women aborting their children because they did not want to bring a "Jewish bastard into the world". Streicher believed in the antisemitic telegony hypotheses of Artur Dinter . Showalter said: "For Julius Streicher,

5785-417: The newspapers will draw their advertising revenue from different types of businesses or services. An upmarket weekly's advertisers are often organic grocers, boutiques, and theatre companies while a downmarket's may have those of trade schools, supermarkets, and the sex industry. Both usually contain ads from local bars, auto dealers, movie theaters, and a classified ads section. Albert Forster Forster

5874-432: The organisation of the irredentist activities of the ethnic German population in the Polish Corridor , neighbouring Freie Stadt Danzig , which was created in 1920 by the Treaty of Versailles ; rather it was the SS-dominated Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle that won control. With Forster and Himmler engaged in a power struggle, this rendered the (ethnic) Germans suspicious of Forster. When these territories were annexed after

5963-413: The paper. Albert Forster , the Gauleiter of Danzig (now Gdańsk ), wrote in 1937: With pleasure, I say that the Stürmer , more than any other daily or weekly newspaper, has made clear to the people in simple ways the danger of Jewry. Without Julius Streicher and his Stürmer , the importance of a solution to the Jewish question would not be seen to be as critical as it actually is by many citizens. It

6052-435: The personal lives of celebrities and sports stars, and junk food news . Celebrity gossip columns which appear in red top tabloids and focus on their sexual practices , misuse of narcotics , and the private aspects of their lives often border on, and sometimes cross the line of defamation . Red tops tend to be written with a simplistic, straightforward vocabulary and grammar; their layout usually gives greater prominence to

6141-460: The picture than to the word. The writing style of red top tabloids is often accused of sensationalism and extreme political bias; red tops have been accused of deliberately igniting controversy and selectively reporting on attention-grabbing stories, or those with shock value . In the extreme case, tabloids have been accused of lying or misrepresenting the truth to increase circulation. Examples of British red top newspapers include The Sun ,

6230-411: The refugees were old and urbanised. He initially refused to admit any of them into his Reichsgau. When a ship bearing several thousands of ethnic Germans from the Baltic states arrived at Danzig he initially refused them entry unless Himmler promised that they would not be settled in Danzig-West Prussia but proceed immediately elsewhere, an assurance that Himmler could not provide. It was only following

6319-459: The region by February 1940. Forster's conflict with the SS also had direct and injurious consequences for ethnic Germans . During the war, hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans were moved by Nazi-Soviet agreement from the Soviet Union into Poland and used as colonists in Nazi-occupied Poland . While Greiser did all he could to accommodate them in his Reichsgau, Forster viewed them with hostility, claiming that his region needed young farmers while

6408-522: The reporting of Jewish illegal acts, while its unofficial style helped prevent suspicion of propaganda, and lent it an air of "authenticity". Notes Bibliography Tabloid (newspaper format) A tabloid is a newspaper with a compact page size smaller than broadsheet . There is no standard size for this newspaper format . The word tabloid comes from the name given by the London -based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. to

6497-521: The term Berliner is generally used only to describe size, not to refer to other qualities of the publication. The biggest tabloid (and newspaper in general) in Europe, by circulation, is Germany's Bild , with around 2.5 million copies (down from above 5 million in the 1980s). Although its paper size is bigger, its style was copied from the British tabloids. In Denmark , tabloids in the British sense are known as 'formiddagsblade' (before-noon newspapers),

6586-445: The term compact was coined to avoid the connotation of the word tabloid , which implies a red top tabloid, and has lent its name to tabloid journalism , which is journalism after the fashion of red top reporters. Red top tabloids, named after their distinguishing red mastheads , employ a form of writing known as tabloid journalism ; this style emphasizes features such as sensational crime stories, astrology, gossip columns about

6675-512: The two biggest being BT and Ekstra Bladet . The old more serious newspaper Berlingske Tidende shifted from broadsheet to tabloid format in 2006, while keeping the news profile intact. In Finland , the biggest newspaper and biggest daily subscription newspaper in the Nordic countries Helsingin Sanomat changed its size from broadsheet to tabloid on 8 January 2013. In France ,

6764-487: The user, since they rely on ad revenue. Alternative weekly tabloids may concentrate on local and neighbourhood-level issues, and on entertainment in bars, theatres, or other such venues. Alternative tabloids can be positioned as upmarket (quality) newspapers, to appeal to the better-educated, higher-income sector of the market; as middle-market (popular); or as downmarket (sensational) newspapers, which emphasize sensational crime stories and celebrity gossip. In each case,

6853-562: The validity of that negative stereotype". The newspaper's lurid content appealed to a large spectrum of readers who were lower class and less-sophisticated. Der Stürmer was known for its use of simple themes that required little thought. The newspaper often gave descriptions of how to identify Jewish people, and included racist political cartoons, including antisemitic caricatures. Besides the graphic depictions, articles often focused on imaginary fears, exaggerations, and perceived behavioral differences between Jews and other German citizens. After

6942-548: The war, Streicher was tried at the Nuremberg trials . His publishing and speaking activities were a major part of the evidence presented against him. In essence, the prosecutors took the line that Streicher's role in inciting Germans to exterminate Jews made him an accessory to murder, and thus as culpable as those who actually carried out the killing. Prosecutors also introduced decisive and irrefutable evidence that Streicher continued his incendiary articles and speeches when he

7031-536: The winter of 1939-1940. Forster personally encouraged such violence; in a speech at the Prusinski Hotel in Wejherowo he incited ethnic Germans to attack Poles by saying "We have to eliminate the lice-ridden Poles, starting with those in the cradle. In your hands I give the fate of the Poles; you can do with them what you want". The crowd gathered before the hotel chanted "Kill the Polish dogs!" and "Death to

7120-496: The work of Philipp Rupprecht , known as Fips , who was one of the best-known anti-Semitic cartoonists of Nazi Germany. Through the adaptation and amalgamation of almost every existing anti-Semitic stereotype, myth, and tradition, Rupprecht's virulent attacks aimed predominantly at the dehumanization and demonization of Jews. At the bottom of the title page, there was always the motto "Die Juden sind unser Unglück!" ("The Jews are our misfortune!"), coined by Heinrich von Treitschke in

7209-452: Was allowing thousands of Poles to be classified as Germans, but Hitler merely bounced the problem back to them, telling them to go sort out their problems with Forster on their own. This was a difficult task; Himmler's attempts to cajole Forster to see matters his way met with resentment and contempt. In a discussion with Richard Hildebrandt Forster scoffed, "if I looked like Himmler, I wouldn't talk about race". The outcome of these policies

7298-479: Was at odds with Arthur Greiser , who had complained to Heinrich Himmler , the 'Reich Commissioner for the Strengthening of Germandom', that Forster's assimilation policy was against Nazi racial theory. When Himmler approached Forster over this issue, Forster simply ignored him, realizing that Hitler allowed each Gauleiter to run his area as he saw fit. Both Greiser and Himmler complained to Hitler that Forster

7387-687: Was born in Fürth , where he attended volksschule and the Humanistisches Gymnasium from 1908 to 1920. He then trained in banking for two years and began working at a Fürth bank in 1922. In November 1923, he joined the Nazi Party , becoming the leader of its local branch in Fürth; he also became a member of the SA at that time. In May 1924 he was dismissed from the bank for his Nazi activities, including antisemitic agitation. Following

7476-477: Was executed by hanging. Most of the paper's readers were young people, and people from the lowest strata of German society. Copies of Der Stürmer were displayed in prominent red Stürmerkästen (display boxes) throughout the Reich . As well as advertising the publication, the cases also allowed its articles to reach those readers who either did not have time to buy and read a newspaper in depth, or could not afford

7565-402: Was not an official publication of the Nazi Party , but was published privately by Streicher. For this reason, the paper did not display the Nazi Party swastika in its logo. The paper was a very lucrative business for Streicher, and made him a multi-millionaire. The newspaper originated at Nuremberg during Adolf Hitler 's attempt to establish power and control. The first copy of Der Stürmer

7654-570: Was only through Hitler's intervention that Streicher was spared from severe punishment. However, other senior Nazi officials, including Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler , chairman of the German Labour Front Robert Ley , and proprietor of the Zentral Verlag (Central Press) Max Amann , whose organization comprised 80% of the German press, endorsed the publication, and their statements were often published in

7743-553: Was published on 20 April 1923. Der Stürmer ' s circulation grew over time, eventually distributing to a large percentage of the German population, as well as Argentina , Brazil , Canada , and the United States . The newspaper reached a peak circulation of 486,000 in 1937. Unlike the Völkischer Beobachter ( The Völkisch Observer ), the official Nazi Party paper, which gave itself an outwardly serious appearance, Der Stürmer often ran obscene material such as

7832-572: Was that two-thirds of the ethnic Polish population of Forster's Gau would be classed as German under the Deutsche Volksliste . Although far fewer Poles would be removed from Danzig-West Prussia than in the neighbouring Warthegau it is estimated that by the end of the war, up to 60,000 people had been murdered in the region and up to 170,000 expelled. Other estimates place the expulsion figure at around 35,000 people. Forster himself reported that 87,000 people had been "evacuated" from

7921-535: Was well aware that Jews were being slaughtered. Streicher was found guilty of being an accessory for crimes against humanity , and was executed by hanging shortly afterwards. Der Stürmer was known for its virulently anti-Semitic caricatures, which depicted Jews as ugly characters with exaggerated facial features and misshapen bodies. In his propaganda work, Streicher furthered medieval stereotypes accusing Jews of killing children, sacrificing their bodies, and drinking their blood. The large majority of these drawings were

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