27-681: Dharmaraja Ratha is a monument in the Pancha Rathas complex at Mahabalipuram , on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal , in the Kancheepuram district of the state of Tamil Nadu , India . It is an example of monolith Indian rock-cut architecture . Dating from the late 7th century, it is attributed to the reign of King Mahendravarman I and his son Narasimhavarman I (630–680 AD; also called Mamalla, or "great warrior") of
54-399: A king, indicated to be Narasimhavarman I , who commissioned the temple. The shafts of the pillars are supported by seated lions. The first floor contains twenty niches containing the images of Kankalamurthi, Vinadhara, dancing Shiva, Shiva with Candesha, Gangadhara, Vishnu, Kalari, Vrashabtikamurthi, Andhakasuramurthi, Krishna with figurines of women with offerings, Dvarapalas and priests of
81-547: A single block of stone oriented in a north–south direction, it is a trithala or three-story vimana, square in plan, with open porches and a terraced pyramidal tower. and an octagonal shikhara (pinnacle) at the top. Small-sized model shrines called kudus make up the ornament of the upper part of the tower. There are many sculptures on the corners of the sanctum, which depict Shiva; Harihara , Brahma-Sasta , Skanda , Brahma , Ardhanarisvara (half Shiva half Parvati ) and Krishna are depicted alongside an inscribed portrait of
108-609: A slight incline. Though sometimes mistakenly referred to as temples , the structures were never consecrated because they were never completed following the death of Narasimhavarman I. The structures are named after the Pancha Pandavas and their common wife Draupadi , of epic Mahabharata fame. In order of their size, they include the Dharmaraja Ratha , Bhima Ratha , Arjuna Ratha , Nakula Sahadeva Ratha , and Draupadi Ratha . The monoliths are named after
135-545: A slight slope. Each has a different layout, such as square, rectangular, or apsidal plans. The largest measures 42 by 35 feet (13 m × 11 m), and the tallest is 40 feet (12 m) high. The Pancha rathas represent the diversity of Dravidian architecture of the time and it is likely that their original design traces back to wood constructions of temple chariots and were scale models or templates for much bigger temples built subsequently in Tamil Nadu. Most of
162-1282: Is a South Indian male given name . Due to the South Indian tradition of using patronymic surnames , it may also be a surname for males and females. Notable people [ edit ] Given name [ edit ] Aiyathurai Nadesan (died 2004), Sri Lankan journalist Balasingham Nadesan (died 2009), Sri Lankan rebel C. Natesa Mudaliar (1875–1937), Indian politician F. G. Natesa Iyer (1880–1963), Indian activist G. A. Natesan (1873–1948), Indian writer and politician K. Natesa Iyer (1887–1947), Ceylonese journalist, trade unionist and politician R. Nadesan , Indian politician S. Nadesan (1904–1986), Ceylonese lawyer S. Natesan (Subbaiya Nadesapillai) (1895–1965), Ceylonese politician S. V. Natesa Mudaliar , Indian politician V. Paulraj Natesan , Indian politician Surname [ edit ] Kaliakudi Natesa Sastry , Indian musician Natesan Ramani (1934–2015), Indian musician See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Nadesan All pages with titles containing Natesa All pages with titles containing Natesan [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share
189-424: Is approximately 35 miles (56 km) south of Chennai (previously known as Madras), the capital city, while Chengalpattu is about 20 miles (32 km) distant. The structures are part of the nine monolithic rock cut structures seen here. Each of the five rathas is a monolith , carved whole from a rock outcropping of pink granite. They are carved over a common mounted plinth which is north–south oriented with
216-454: Is built with a square layout. Its composition has been accentuated with carvings of Hindu gods Harihara , Brahma , Skanda , Ardhanarishvara and King Narasimhavarman I. One of the distinctive carvings seen on the eastern face of the ratha is of Indra (a demi-god of rain and thunderstorms), seated on his mount Airavata (meaning: "a White Elephant"). There is also an independent monolithic stone sculpture of Nandi , adjoining this ratha in
243-854: Is fixed in the open space, next to this ratha. The Draupadi Ratha , which is the last in the line, is a square structure, which resembles a village hut with thatch roof. The fresco inside this shrine is of mother goddess Durga . Natesa (Redirected from Natesa ) Nadesan நடேசன் Pronunciation Naṭēcaṉ Gender Male Language(s) Tamil Malayalam Origin Meaning Shiva Region of origin Southern India North-eastern Sri Lanka Other names Alternative spelling Natesan Nadeeshan Short form(s) Nadeesh Nadesan or Natesan ( Tamil : நடேசன் )
270-560: The Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal , in the Chengalpattu district of the state of Tamil Nadu , India . Pancha Rathas is an example of monolithic Indian rock-cut architecture . The complex was initially thought to have carved during the reign of King Narasimhavarman I (630–668 CE). However, historians such as Nagaswamy attributed all of monuments in Mahabalipuram to Narasimhavarman II (c. 690–725 CE) with
297-613: The Pallava Kingdom . The entire complex is under the auspices of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). It is one of the Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram that were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1984. Resembling a chariot ( ratha ), it is carved out of a single, long stone of pink granite. Though sometimes mistakenly referred to as a temple , the structure was not consecrated because it
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#1732782656902324-539: The Pandavas – Arjuna , Bhima , Yudhishthira ("Dharmaraja"), Nakula and Sahadeva – and Draupadi . These names are considered to be a misrepresentation as the structures have no link to the iconic characters of the Mahabharata epic. They have no religious significance either, as they remained unfinished and unconsecrated; the uncut rock parts at the base and top of the rathas are still visible. The ASI confirmed
351-474: The South Indian tradition of Dravidian temple architecture. Though cut out of monolithic rocks, they are carved in the form of structural temples in regular building form and hence termed as "quasimonolithic temple form. Dharmaraja Ratha is the most prominent architecturally of the five rathas and also the tallest and largest. The ratha faces west and is sculpturally very rich. It has three floors including
378-491: The appearance of a set of shallow pilasters. The niches created in the walls are of rectangular shape and have carved sculptures of gods, demi-gods and the kings. The skirting around the images are of wild aquatic animals with "foliated tails and open jaws." The wall pilasters have curved brackets, and columns on the porch provide support to an overhanging eave; arch windows occasionally carved with images are located above them. The mouldings culminate in parapets. The carvings above
405-401: The capital city, while Chengalpattu is about 20 miles (32 km) away. Like the other four Pancha Rathas, Dharmaraja ratha was built from stone, a replica of a wooden version which preceded it. Though the temple is named after the first of Pandava princes from Mahabharatha , there is no history to ascertain the name. The temple was left incomplete and consecration was not performed due to
432-556: The death of the king Narasimhavarman I . Historians assign the date of construction to the period of two Pallava kings Narasimhavarman I (690-725) and Parameswaravarman I . The inscriptions of Parameswaravarman I are seen in the temple. All the Pancha Rathas are aligned in a north–south direction and share a common plinth. They have no precedent in Indian architecture and have proved to be "templates" for building larger temples in
459-516: The discovery of new inscriptions. The complex is under the auspices of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site inscribed by UNESCO in 1984 as Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram . Each of the five monuments in the Pancha Rathas complex resembles a chariot ( ratha ), and each is carved over a single, long stone or monolith, of granite which slopes in north–south direction with
486-503: The eave overhangs are decorated roof forms in miniature size, which are seen in rows all round each of the structure. The rathas have been preserved well on account of the sturdiness of their material, granite, and in spite of constant salty winds from the Bay of Bengal and catastrophic tsunamis in the 13th century AD and in 2004. The architectural elegance of the Dharmaraja Ratha is its pyramidal structure which rises in three steps. It
513-439: The ground floor. The plan of the ground floor measure a square of 28 feet (8.5 m) and has a height of 35 feet (11 m) from ground level to the top of the roof. It is open on all four sides and the facade on all sides are supported by two pillars and two pilasters with the corners forming an integral part of the support system for the upper floors. Carved out from a single rock of pink granite, along with other three rathas on
540-632: The open space. The next in order is the Arjuna Ratha , which is well decorated with an elegant façade and is akin to the Dharmaraja Ratha. Next in line is the Bhima Ratha built to a rectangular plan and with lion mounted columned (four columns) galleries on both long sides. The Nakula Sahadeva Ratha is the next in line. It is built to a simple plan with no embellishing carvings in its apses. A stone monolithic sculpture of an elephant
567-524: The rathas are stated to be modelled on the Buddhist Viharas and Chaityas. The structural design and elevation are with towers or domes with single (ekathala) to triple (trithala) towers, which present a unique exhibition of South Indian Dravidian architecture. The chiseling done by the stone sculptors are occasional along joints between the stones. The walls are arranged and sequentially partitioned. The projections and recesses in these walls give
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#1732782656902594-739: The same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Nadesan . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nadesan&oldid=1253940041 " Categories : Given names Surnames Tamil masculine given names Masculine given names Hidden categories: Articles containing Tamil-language text Articles with short description Short description
621-647: The temple. The second floor contains rich imagery, with further depictions of Shiva as Gangadara and Natesa , and Vishnu resting on Garuda and Kaliya Mardhana . The second level contains a cell with the earliest of inscription of Somaskanda . On the Dharmaraja Rathas there are 16 inscriptions in Grantha and Nagari scripts in Sanskrit inscriptions on which are royal cognomen , single-word titles, most of them are attributed to Narasimhavarman I. On
648-400: The top tier of the temple is an inscription which refers to it as Atyantakama Pallavesvaram; Atyantakama was one of the known titles of Paramesvaravarman I . Other inscribed titles for the king are Shri Megha and Trailokiya–vardhana-vidhi. Pancha Rathas Pancha Rathas (also known as Five Rathas or Pandava Rathas or Ainthinai kovil) is a monument complex at Mahabalipuram , on
675-631: The unfinished nature of the structures and suggested that they instead be referred to as vimanas . However, the Pandava names have become permanent. According to a plaque displayed at the site by the ASI, the Pallava dynasty had planned the structures as models of chariots in rock based on prototypes of ancient rathas built in wood. The Pancha Rathas were carved during the reign of King Mahendravarman I and his son Narasimhavarman I. Work on these five rathas
702-569: Was discontinued following the death of Narasimha Varman in 668 AD. The purpose of their construction is not known as the structures were not completed. Part of the collection within the Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram , they were classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. The site is located at Mahabalipuram (previously known as Mammallapuram), on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, in Kancheepuram district. It
729-485: Was not completed following the death of Narasimhavarman I. The structure is named after the eldest of the Pancha Pandavas , of epic Mahabharata fame, though this nomenclature is not supported by its iconography. It is dedicated to Shiva . The structure is located at Mahabalipuram (previously known as Mammallapuram) on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal in Kancheepuram district. It is approximately 35 miles (56 km) south of Chennai (previously known as Madras),
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