83-614: A Divisional Commissioner, also known as Commissioner of division , is an Indian Administrative Service officer who serves as the administrator of a division of a state in India . The post is referred to as regional commissioner in Karnataka and as revenue divisional commissioner in Odisha . Office-bearers are generally either of the ranks of secretary to the state government, or principal secretary to state government. The role of
166-729: A Public interest litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court , asking for the Court to direct governments to implement the recommendations of the National Police Commission. The Supreme Court directed the government to set up a committee to review the commission's recommendations, and thus the Ribeiro Committee was formed. The committee, under the leadership of Julio Ribeiro , a former chief of police, sat over 1998 and 1999, and produced two reports. In 2000,
249-499: A brigadier , and similar ranks in the Indian Armed Forces , as per a central warrant of precedence issued in 1937. In 1902–03, a police commission was established to recommend reforms under Sir Andrew Fraser and Lord Curzon . It recommended the appointment of Indians as officers in the police. Previously, Indians could rise only to the rank of an inspector, the senior N.C.O. position. However they were not part of
332-452: A district as a district magistrate and collector which lasts several years. After this tenure, an officer may be promoted to head a whole state administrative division as a divisional commissioner . On attaining the higher scales of the pay matrix, IAS officers may lead government departments or ministries. In these roles, IAS officers represent the country at international level in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. If serving on
415-447: A district collector of today necessarily needs guidance. The divisional commissioners, therefore, are a necessary part of the governmental machinery. The states and union territories in India that do not have divisions and thus do not have divisional commissioners are as follows: In these areas, administrative divisions are not established, and hence the role of a divisional commissioner, who typically oversees revenue administration at
498-592: A Model Police Act to the union government in late 2006. In 1996, Prakash Singh (a former chief of Assam Police and Uttar Pradesh Police and subsequently Director General of the Border Security Force ) initiated a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India , asking the court to investigate measures to reform the police forces across India to ensure the proper rule of law and improve security across India. The Supreme Court studied various reports on police reforms. Finally, in 2006,
581-460: A bench of Justice Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal , Justice C. K. Thakker and Justice P.K. Balasubramanyan ordered the state governments to implement several reforms in police force. Several measures were identified as necessary to professionalise the police in India: In 2006, due to a lack of action by all the state governments, the Supreme Court ordered the state governments to report to it why
664-482: A cadre preference from each preferred zone. The candidate indicates their second cadre preference for every preferred zone subsequently. The preference for the zones and cadres remains in the same order and no change is permitted. Officers remain in their allocated cadre or are deputed to the Government of India . Until 2008, there was no formal system that permitted the selection of a state cadre preferred by
747-971: A deputation, they may be employed in International organization such as the World Bank , the International Monetary Fund , the Asian Development Bank , the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank , or the United Nations , or its agencies . IAS officers are also involved in conducting elections in India as mandated by the Election Commission of India . During the East India Company period,
830-486: A district magistrate or district collector or deputy commissioner, IAS officers can be posted to various positions in the state government. These positions include secretary or principal secretary in different departments, director of a department, divisional commissioner , or chairman of a government corporation. The specific positions depend on the officer's seniority, experience, and performance. The highest positions that an IAS officer can attain include chief secretary of
913-443: A divisional commissioner's office is to act as the administrative head of all the state government offices situated in the division. A divisional commissioner is given the direct responsibility of administering the land revenue collection, canal revenue collection and law & order maintenance of a division. The divisional commissioner also presides over Local government institutions in the division. Officers are transferred to and from
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#1732773382374996-606: A higher status for the IAS and IFS. The two postgraduate level submissions were later removed, but this has not changed the perceived higher status of the IAS and IFS. After the selection process, the successful candidates undergo training at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration in Mussoorie , Uttarakhand . The central government announced a new cadre allocation policy for
1079-462: A limited period after which they would be required to return to their allocated cadre. From 2008, IAS officers were assigned to state cadres at the beginning of their service. There was one cadre for each Indian state, except for two joint cadres: Assam – Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh – Goa – Mizoram – Union Territories (AGMUT). The "insider-outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who were posted to their home states to those from other states)
1162-442: A limited period, after which one has to invariably return to the cadre allotted to him or her. From 2008 to 2017 IPS officers were allotted to state cadres at the beginning of their service. There was one cadre for each Indian state, except for two joint cadres: Assam – Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh – Goa – Mizoram – Union Territories (AGMUT). The "insider-outsider ratio" (ratio of officers who were posted in their home states)
1245-587: A master’s degree in criminal justice management from NALSAR University of Law. The Union Government announced a new cadre allocation policy for the All India Services in August 2017, touting it as a policy to ensure national integration of the bureaucracy as officers and ensure the All-India character of the services. Under the new policy, the existing 26 cadres have been divided into five zones in
1328-473: A preference for all the cadres is indicated by the candidate. The preference for the zones/cadres remains in the same order and no change is permitted. Officers continue to work in the cadre they are allotted or are deputed to the Government of India . Till 2008 there was no system of preference of state cadre by the candidates; the candidates, if not placed in the insider vacancy of their home states, were allotted to different states in alphabetical order of
1411-507: A result of an increase in the scope of operations corresponding to the expansion of British territories. Each division was put under the charge of a divisional commissioner. The position was also known as Commissioner of Revenue and Circuit Division because he was the presiding officer of circuit court, it had appellate jurisdiction over sessions court. The post was created by then the Bengal government. The institution of divisional commissioner
1494-508: A state or cabinet secretary of the country. In 2015 it was announced that a new designation of assistant secretary at the Central Secretariat had been created to enable new IAS officers to be posted to Delhi for a three-month assignment as part of their training regime. IAS officers were previously only permitted to go on a deputation once assigned to the Central Secretariat after nine years of service in their home cadre. It
1577-498: A term for extrajudicial killings by the police supposedly in self-defense. IPS officers have complained of high levels of stress due to long work hours and unrealistic demands of political bosses. Retired Director General of Police in Uttar Pradesh Vikram Singh believes job discontent is a combination of "no holidays, lack of sleep, the sinking feeling of failure, public treatment of policemen with contempt,
1660-399: A united India if you do not have good All-India Service which has the independence to speak out its mind, which has [the] sense of security that you will standby [ sic ] your work... If you do not adopt this course, then do not follow the present Constitution. Substitute something else... these people are the instrument. Remove them and I see nothing but a picture of chaos all over
1743-472: A united India if you do not have good All-India Service which has the independence to speak out its mind, which has sense of security that you will standby your work... If you do not adopt this course, then do not follow the present Constitution. Substitute something else... these people are the instrument. Remove them and I see nothing, but a picture of chaos all over the country. In 1861, the Parliament of
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#17327733823741826-642: A variety of roles in regional administration. Today, district magistrates are quite junior officers, needing the guidance and supervision of a seasoned administrator like the divisional commissioner. During the British period, a member of the Indian Civil Service was normally appointed a collector of the district in his twelfth year of service. Today a member of the IAS becomes a district collector after putting in five or six years of service. With his or her insufficient administrative experience,
1909-890: Is a civil service under the All India Services . It replaced the Indian Imperial Police in 1948, a year after India became independent from the British Empire . Along with the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS), the IPS is part of the All India Services – its officers are employed by both the Union Government and by individual states . The service provides leadership to various state and central police forces, including
1992-432: Is a federalism in India . But generally the following pattern is observed. IPS officers are appointed on the basis of either Civil Service Examination or promoted from the state police service cadre (state civil service officers) . Vacancy in an IPS cadre are determined on the basis of vacancy on an Superintendent of Police rank. Consequently, there are two level of gradations for SP rank. These are level 11 and 12 as per
2075-479: Is as an assistant collector cum sub-divisional magistrate and they are placed in charge of a district sub-division. As assistant collector cum sub divisional magistrate, they are entrusted with maintaining law and order, as well as general administration and development work, of the sub-district . Completion of probation is followed by an executive role in a district as a district collector cum district magistrate , which lasts several years. After this tenure as
2158-499: Is fixed at 2:1. All IAS officers, regardless of the mode of entry, are appointed by the President of India . Only about 180 candidates out of over 1 million applicants, who apply through CSE, are successful, a success rate of less than 0.02 per cent. Unlike candidates appointed to other civil services , a successful IAS candidate is rendered ineligible to retake CSE. From 1951 to 1978, an IAS/IFS candidate
2241-514: Is in the hands of their seniors. When the seniors surrender their authority by complying with requests from politicians, corruption increases, and the investigation of crime in sensitive cases is based not on facts and law but on the wishes and interests of the politician in power. Members of one of the two most elite services in the country (the other being the Indian Administrative Service), IPS officers are arguably
2324-525: Is maintained as 1:2, with one-third of the direct recruits as 'insiders' from the same state. The rest were posted as outsiders according to the 'roster' in states other than their home states, as per their preference. Additional deputy commissioner of police in police commissionerates in Delhi , Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal Though the standard uniform colour is khaki, the ranks, posts and designations of IPS officers vary from state to state as law and order
2407-417: Is often subject to political interference, which can undermine its independence and impartiality. Political pressure can influence the decision-making process, compromise investigations, and create a lack of trust in the police among the public. The ambition of the senior IPS officers to occupy posts of importance is a major contributory factor to the politicization. The appointment of subordinate police officers
2490-834: The All India Services and the Central Services . The Indian Civil Service was one of the ten All India Services. In 1946 at the Premier's Conference, the Central Cabinet decided to form the Indian Administrative Service, based on the Indian Civil Service ; and the Indian Police Service , based on the Imperial Police . There is no alternative to this administrative system... The Union will go, you will not have
2573-476: The All India Services in August 2017, claiming it as being a policy to ensure national integration of the bureaucracy and to ensure an All India character of the services. The existing twenty six cadres were to be divided into five zones by the Department of Personnel and Training. Under the new policy, a candidate first selects their zones of preference, in descending order, then indicates
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2656-586: The Cabinet Secretary and a final eight are selected for presentation before the Prime Minister . As an IAS officer progresses in their career, they become eligible for important positions in the central government . These positions include joint secretary, additional secretary, and secretary in different ministries and departments. In these roles, IAS officers are involved in making policies, implementing them, and making important decisions at
2739-662: The Central Armed Police Forces ( BSF , SSB , CRPF , CISF , and ITBP ), the National Security Guard (NSG), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), Special Protection Group (SPG), National Investigation Agency (NIA), and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). There is no alternative to this administrative system... The Union will go, you will not have
2822-824: The Election Commission of India . — ₹ 250,000 (US$ 3,000) (PPP$ 11,700) Chief secretary Secretary ₹ 225,000 (US$ 2,700) Divisional commissioner Principal secretary Additional secretary ₹ 182,200 (US$ 2,200)— ₹ 224,100 (US$ 2,700) Secretary/ Commissioner Joint secretary ₹ 144,200 (US$ 1,700)— ₹ 218,200 (US$ 2,600) Collector cum District magistrate Special secretary/ Director Director ₹ 118,500 (US$ 1,400)— ₹ 214,100 (US$ 2,600) Joint secretary Deputy secretary ₹ 78,800 (US$ 940)— ₹ 191,500 (US$ 2,300) Deputy Collector cum Additional District Magistrate Deputy secretary Under Secretary ₹ 67,700 (US$ 810)— ₹ 160,000 (US$ 1,900) Indian Police Service The Indian Police Service ( abbr. IPS )
2905-428: The Government of India as well as the individual states . IAS officers are also deployed to various government establishments such as constitutional bodies , staff and line agencies, auxiliary bodies, public sector undertakings , regulatory bodies , statutory bodies and autonomous bodies. As with other countries following the parliamentary system of government, the IAS is a part of the permanent bureaucracy of
2988-553: The Indian Imperial Police . From 1920 onward, the Indian Imperial Police was open to Indians and the entrance examination for the service was conducted both in India and England. Prior to Independence, senior police officers belonging to the Imperial Police (IP) were appointed by the secretary of state on the basis of a competitive examination. The first open civil service examination for admittance to
3071-445: The country at the international level in bilateral and multilateral negotiations. If serving on a deputation, they may be employed in International organization such as the World Bank , the International Monetary Fund , the Asian Development Bank , the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank , and the United Nations or its agencies . IAS officers are also involved in the conduct of elections in India as mandated by
3154-735: The HEICCS was replaced by the Indian Civil Service (ICS), which became the highest civil service in India between 1858 and 1947. The last appointments to the ICS were made in 1942. With the passing of the Government of India Act 1919 by the Parliament of the United Kingdom , the Indian civil services—under the general oversight of the Secretary of State for India —were split into two arms,
3237-440: The IPS, has been a subject of criticism and public debate for many years. It is seen as a reflection of the country's broader issue of social and political inequality. One manifestation of VIP culture within the IPS is the deployment of police personnel for personal security and escort duties even their personal needs for senior IPS officers. These personnel are often diverted from their regular law enforcement duties, which can affect
3320-620: The IPS. There are a lot of incidents were Misuse of Power by IPS officers in India. In a notable incident in Kochi, there was an alarming misuse of government vehicles and police personnel during the marriage ceremony of an IPS officer. This incident raised concerns as several government-owned vehicles, belonging to the Kerala police, were utilized as a shuttle service for the wedding festivities. Additionally, some police officers were deployed as valets to assist with carrying luggage and other items for
3403-602: The Indian Administrative Service. IAS officers may enter the IAS by passing the Civil Services Examination , which is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). Officers recruited this way are called direct recruits or regular recruits (RR). Some IAS officers are also recruited from the state civil services, and, in rare cases, selected from non-state civil service. The ratio between direct recruits and promotees
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3486-512: The Indian Police Service (IPS) refers to a phenomenon where certain individuals, especially those holding positions of power or influence, receive preferential treatment or special privileges from the police force. This culture often results in the diversion of police resources and manpower towards catering to the needs and demands of these individuals, often at the expense of the general public. VIP culture in India, including within
3569-594: The Indian Police Service is 4920. (3270 Direct Recruitment Posts and 1650 Promotional Posts). The Civil List of IPS officers is an updated (annual) list maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs , Government of India that lists the posting details of all IPS officers in India. This Civil List can be accessed from the MHA website . It allows searching for an IPS officer based on their name, Batch, or Cadre. After completion of almost 2 years training, IPS probationers are awarded
3652-604: The Seventh Pay Commission. Resultantly, IPS officers remain on the rank on SP till the 13th year after which they are eligible for being promoted as Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP). ASP rank is the junior most rank on an IPS state cadre. Consequently, fresh recruits to IPS are variously posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police in a supernumerary capacity (only for training purpose for two years and after that for 1 year) till they are formally placed as Superintendent of Police In-Charge of an area (when they get
3735-517: The Tamil Nadu cadre, was accused of engaging in custodial torture at Ambasamudram police station in Tirunelveli district. The allegations against the IPS officer included forcefully extracting the teeth of approximately ten individuals and repeatedly assaulting at least two of them in their genital areas while they were in custody. Some IPS officers have been convicted of fake encounters ,
3818-476: The United Kingdom introduced the Indian Councils Act, 1861 . The act created the foundation of a modern and professional police bureaucracy in India. It introduced a new cadre of police, called Superior Police Services , later known as the Indian Imperial Police . The highest rank in the service was the inspector general for each province. The rank of inspector general was equated to that of
3901-560: The candidate. If the candidate was not placed in a vacancy in their home state, they would be allocated to other states, which were selected from a roster in alphabetic order, starting from 'a', 'h', 'm' or 't', depending on the year. For example, if in a particular year the roster begins from 'a', then the first candidate on the roster will go to the Andhra Pradesh state cadre, the next one to Bihar , and then to Chhattisgarh , Gujarat and so on in alphabetical order. The next year
3984-485: The civil services were classified into three – covenanted, uncovenanted and special civil services. The covenanted civil service, or the Honourable East India Company's Civil Service (HEICCS), as it was called, largely comprised civil servants occupying the senior posts in the government. The uncovenanted civil service was introduced solely to facilitate the entry of Indians onto
4067-567: The country. When India was partitioned following the departure of the British in 1947, the Indian Civil Service was divided between the new dominions of India and Pakistan . The Indian remnant of the ICS was named the Indian Administrative Service, while the Pakistan remnant was named the District Management Group (later renamed to Pakistan Administrative Service in 2012). The modern Indian Administrative Service
4150-540: The current roles and functions of an Indian Police Service Officer are as follows: IPS officers are recruited from Civil Services Examination conducted by UPSC . They are also promoted from State Police Services and DANIPS . However, at present, recruitment from Limited Competitive Examination has been put on hold. The training of IPS officer recruits is conducted at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy in Hyderabad . The authorized cadre strength of
4233-440: The divisional level, does not exist. The district administration reports to the revenue department of the government. Indian Administrative Service The Indian Administrative Service ( IAS ) is the administrative arm of the All India Services of Government of India . The IAS is one of the three All India Services along with the Indian Police Service and Indian Forest Service . Members of these three services serve
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#17327733823744316-487: The failure of the police to uphold the rule of law . The need for police reform in India has long been recognised. There have been almost 30 years of debate and discussion by government-created committees and commissions on the way forward for police reform, but India remains saddled with an outdated and old-fashioned law, while report after report gathers dust on government bookshelves without implementation. Many committees on police reform have recommended major reforms in
4399-471: The field taking active part in maintaining law and order. IPS officers have been posted to various UN Missions and several have been awarded the United Nations Medal . Many exceptional IPS officers have been awarded with Padma awards from time to time. The First Police Commission, appointed on 17 August 1865, contained detailed guidelines for the desired system of police in India and defined
4482-458: The government set up a third committee on police reform, this time under the stewardship of a former union home secretary, K. Padmanabhaiah . This Committee released its report in the same year. The Malimath Committee Report submitted in March 2003 has very articulately laid down the foundation of a restructured and reoriented police system. The committee in its report observed that the success of
4565-448: The guests. This incident highlights a misuse of power and resources, which is a matter of great concern. Such actions not only demonstrate a disregard for the proper usage of government assets but also raise questions regarding the principles of fairness and equality. In June 2023, an incident of alleged abuse of power by Tamil Nadu IPS officer came to light, resulting in his suspension. an assistant superintendent of police (ASP) from
4648-423: The impartiality and integrity of the police force. Some IPS officers have been accused of public corruption, money laundering, drug trafficking, and unjust use of power. There have been various instances of abuse of the public by officers. High-ranking officers often enjoy many luxuries for no cost. There is also opportunity to receive extra payment for doing specific tasks on the job. VIP culture within
4731-815: The indifference of political bosses and almost no connect with superiors". Professional stress ruins personal lives and leads to marital discord. The inability to balance professional and personal lives has led some IPS officers to commit suicide. The Indian Police Service officials have been criticized for acts of moral policing . Using sections 292 to 294 of the Indian Penal Code which are used to deal with obscenity, Police officers have often harassed citizens for several incidents such as celebrating Valentine's Day, indulging in Public Displays of Affection, and arresting consenting couples in private places. Following increasing incidents of such misconducts,
4814-641: The lower rung of the administration. The special service comprised specialised departments, such as the Indian Forest Service, the Imperial Police and the Indian Political Department , whose ranks were drawn from either the covenanted civil service or the Indian Army . The Imperial Police included many Indian Army officers among its members, although after 1893 an annual exam was used to select its officers. In 1858
4897-406: The most visible face of the government, overseeing law and order, investigation, internal and border security, and intelligence, among other functions. IPS officers often encounter political interference in their day-to-day functioning. Politicians may attempt to influence police investigations, transfers, and postings for their interests or to fulfill political agendas. Such interference can undermine
4980-411: The nation; and is an inseparable part of the executive of the Government of India . As such, the bureaucracy remains politically neutral and guarantees administrative continuity to the ruling party or coalition . Upon confirmation of service, an IAS officer serves a probationary period as a sub-divisional magistrate . Completion of this probation is followed by an executive administrative role in
5063-416: The national level. They can also be appointed as advisors to the central government or serve in autonomous bodies, commissions, and international organizations. These opportunities allow IAS officers to contribute to the development and governance of the country on a larger scale. On attaining the apex scale, IAS officers may lead government departments or ministries. In these roles, IAS officers represent
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#17327733823745146-444: The new policy by the Department of Personnel and Training of Government of India . Under the new policy, a candidate has to first give their choice in the descending order of preference from amongst the various Zones. Subsequently, the candidate has to indicate one preference of cadre from each preferred zone. The candidate indicates their second cadre preference for every preferred zone subsequently. The process continues till
5229-404: The overall efficiency and effectiveness of the police force. VIP culture also extends to the use of special privileges such as flashing red or blue beacons on vehicles, known as "lal batti," which signify authority and grant the right-of-way on the roads. The practice of using sirens and escort vehicles to navigate through traffic, often at high speeds, is another common aspect of VIP culture within
5312-428: The pay of level 11 and level 12) and as district in charge (when they get the pay of level 12) (only in non-metropolitan districts). When the officers get promoted to the rank of SSP, some of them are posted as the district in-charge of metropolitan districts. India's police continue to be governed by a colonial police law passed in 1861. The Indian Constitution makes policing a state subject and therefore
5395-412: The police as a governmental department to enforce the law , maintain order and to detect and prevent crime across the region. The Indian Police Service is not a force but a service providing leaders and commanders to staff the state police and all-India Central Armed Police Forces . Its members are the senior officers of the police. With time Indian Police Service's objectives were updated and redefined,
5478-406: The police system coupled with systematic accountability . The National Police Commission was the first committee set up by the Government of India to report on policing. The National Police Commission began sitting in 1979, in the context of a post-Emergency India, and produced eight reports, including a Model Police Act, between 1979 and 1981. In 1996, two former senior police officers filed
5561-422: The post by the state government. This post exists in many states of India. Divisional commissioners are responsible for general administration of the division and planned development of the districts under his control and also act as appeal adalat for revenue cases. The division as an administrative level came into being in 1829 by the East India Company to facilitate the administration of far flung districts as
5644-671: The previous occasion when it all started from 'H', then this time it would start from Himachal Pradesh). This highly intricate system, in vogue since the mid-1980s, had ensured that officers from different states were placed all over India. The system of permanent state cadres has also resulted in wide disparities in the kind of professional exposure for officers when we compare officers in small and big and also developed and backward states. Changes of state cadre are permitted on grounds of marriage to an All India Service officer of another state cadre or under other exceptional circumstances. The officer may go to their home state cadre on deputation for
5727-683: The reform measures outlined were not implemented. After being questioned in front of the judges of the Supreme Court , the state governments are finally starting to reform the police forces and give them the operational independence they need for fearless and proper law enforcement. Tamil Nadu Police has been in the forefront of application of the new referendum. Again, in October 2012, a Supreme Court bench of Chief Justice Altamas Kabir and justices S. S. Nijjar and Jasti Chelameswar asked all state governments and Union territories to inform about compliance of its September 2006 judgement. The order
5810-645: The roster starts from 'h', for either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh (the two states alternate roster years). This system, practised since the mid-1980s, ensured that officers from different states were placed all over India. The system of permanent state cadres resulted in wide disparities of professional exposure for officers when comparing those from developed versus less developed states. Changes in state cadres were only permitted on grounds of marriage to an All India Services officer of another state cadre or under other exceptional circumstances. The officers were allowed to go to their home state cadre on deputation for
5893-517: The roster, beginning with the letters A, H, M, T for that particular year. For example, if in a particular year, the roster begins from 'A', which means the first candidate on the roster will go to the Andhra Pradesh state cadre of IPS, the next one to Bihar, and subsequently to Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, and so on in alphabetical order. The next year the roster starts from 'H', for either Haryana or Himachal Pradesh (if it has started from Haryana on
5976-501: The sanctioned strength. Despite having a very small cadre strength, many IPS officers have been awarded the highest gallantry awards (Ashok Chakra, Kirti Chakra). The current national security advisor of India, Ajit Doval, was an IPS officer who earned the Kirti Chakra for his gallant actions during operation Black Thunder. Though generally deployed in supervisory roles at senior levels, it is not uncommon for IPS officers to be in
6059-498: The secretary through examination. Therefore, 1907 could be regarded as the starting point for the IPS. In 1948, a year after India gained independence; the Imperial Police was formally replaced by the Indian Police Service. The Indian Police Service was created under Article 312(2), XIV of the Constitution of India . As per media reports, there is a massive shortage of IPS officers in India, amounting to nearly 19% to 22% of
6142-523: The service was held in England in June 1893 and the ten top candidates were appointed as probationers in the Indian Imperial Police . It is not possible to identify an exact date for when the Indian Police Service came formally into being. Around 1907, the secretary of state's officers were directed to wear the letters "IP" on their epaulettes in order to distinguish them from other officers not recruited by
6225-416: The state governments have the responsibility to provide their communities with a police service. However, after independence, most have adopted the 1861 Act without change, while others have passed laws heavily based on the 1861 Act. Repeated major incidents, like the 2012 Delhi gang rape and murder , 2020 Hathras gang rape and murder , as well as terrorist attacks such as the 2008 Mumbai attacks revealed
6308-491: The time of constitutional reforms of 1919, 1935, and 1947. After independence, the state governments merely tinkered with traditional revenue set-up and the states of Maharashtra , Rajasthan , and Gujarat abolished the posts of divisional commissioners but later revived them except in Gujarat . The roles and powers of commissioners vary from state to state but there is a general precedent. The divisional commissioner performs
6391-436: The whole process of Criminal Justice Administration depended completely on the proper functioning of the police organisation especially in the investigation stage. Apart from the investigation of offences, the police also have the duty of maintaining law and order. In 2005, the government put together a group to draft a new police act for India. It was headed by Soli Sorabjee (former attorney general ). The committee submitted
6474-500: Was created by Lord William Bentinck . The appointment of commissioners in the subsequently acquired provinces of Punjab , Burma , Oudh and the Central Provinces followed in due course. The commissioner had intermediary role between district collector and board of revenue. The Royal Commission for Decentralisation, 1907 recommended its retention. The issue, however, continued to crop up again and again, particularly at
6557-629: Was created under Article 312(2) in part XIV of the Constitution of India , and the All India Services Act, 1951 . A special cadre was created in 1954 to administer NEFA (present day Arunachal Pradesh ) and for later Some North Eastern Region. It was first mooted by then Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru . The services were placed under Ministry of External Affairs . In 1968, IFAS was merged with IAS and has hence lost its relevance. There are three modes of recruitment into
6640-456: Was maintained at 1:2, with one-third of the direct recruits being 'insiders' from the same state. The rest were posted as outsiders according to the state allocation roster in states other than their home states, as indicated by their preference. The typical functions performed by an IAS officer are: At the beginning of their career, IAS officers receive district training with their home cadres followed by their first posting. Their initial role
6723-463: Was observed that the experience of central functions was severely lacking among these deputations, resulting in this change in their training. As part of the new system, IAS assistant secretaries are supposed to work on projects—a new policy in their respective areas—and present it to their respective ministries; of all projects, 36 are selected to be presented before all secretaries of the Government of India ; consequently, 16 are selected to be before
6806-503: Was passed when Prakash Singh through his lawyer Prashant Bhushan said that many of the reforms (ordered by the Supreme Court) have yet not been implemented by many state governments. Due to the immense amount of power and responsibility that IPS officers hold, many issues occur when personal beliefs, desires, emotions, safety, and security are at play. One of the primary concerns is the issue of politicization. The police force
6889-474: Was required to submit two additional papers along with three optional papers (instead of just the three optional papers like for other civil services) to be eligible for the Indian Administrative Service or the Indian Foreign Service . The two additional papers were postgraduate level submissions, compared to the graduate level of the optional papers, and it was this distinction that resulted in
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