46-620: Drenthe ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdrɛntə] ) is a province of the Netherlands located in the northeastern part of the country. It is bordered by Overijssel to the south, Friesland to the west, Groningen to the north, and the German state of Lower Saxony to the east. As of January 2023, Drenthe had a population of about 502,000, and a total area of 2,680 km (1,030 sq mi). Drenthe has been populated for 15,000 years. The region has subsequently been part of
92-652: A far distance. Large bronze situlae (buckets) found in Drenthe were manufactured somewhere in eastern France or in Switzerland . They were used for mixing wine with water (a Roman/Greek custom). The many finds in Drenthe of rare and valuable objects, such as tin-bead necklaces, suggest that Drenthe was a trading centre in the Netherlands in the Bronze Age. Drenthe was first mentioned in a document from 820, it
138-408: A large number of municipal mergers in the past decades and Drenthe was no exception. The most significant simultaneous set of mergers took place in 1998, when 32 municipalities were amalgamated into 10 larger municipalities. As of 2014 Drenthe consists of 12 municipalities ; Emmen is the largest municipality in terms of both population and area, Westerveld is the least populous and Meppel covers
184-529: A part of the Vehicle Excise Duty . Several provinces have made a large profit in the past from privatising utility companies originally owned or partly owned by the provinces. Essent , which was originally owned by six provinces and more than a hundred municipalities, was sold for around 9.3 billion euros. The constituent country of the Netherlands , being the largest part of the Kingdom of
230-622: A single province Noordvleugelprovincie [ nl ] . Due to significant protest the plan was abandoned. County of Drenthe The County of Drenthe ( Dutch : Landschap Drenthe , German : Grafschaft Drente ) was a province of the Holy Roman Empire from 1046, and of the Dutch Republic from 1581 until 1795. It corresponds to the area west of the lower Ems , today the eponymous province of Drenthe in
276-546: A single ruler who centralised their administration, reducing their powers. There were 17 in total: from these unified Netherlands, seven northern provinces from 1588 formed the Republic of the Seven United Provinces , namely Holland , Zeeland , Gelderland , Utrecht , Friesland , Overijssel and Groningen . The Republic's lands also included Drenthe (one of the 17, but without the autonomous status of
322-528: Is Dagblad van het Noorden , which is based in the city of Groningen . Provinces of the Netherlands There are twelve provinces of the Netherlands representing the administrative layer between the national government and the local governments , with responsibility for matters of subnational or regional importance. The most populous province is South Holland , with just over 3.8 million inhabitants as of January 2023 , and also
368-586: Is an art and history museum in Assen. It had 227,000 visitors in 2013. Museum Collectie Brands is a local museum located in Nieuw-Dordrecht that houses an extensive collection of rare and curious items collected by Jans Brands. The States of Drenthe have 43 seats, and is headed by the King's Commissioner , currently Jetta Klijnsma . While the provincial council is elected by the people of Drenthe,
414-473: Is now a national heritage site ( rijksmonument ). Their Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope is an array of fourteen dishes near the village of Westerbork and construction was completed in 1970. Their international Low-Frequency Array with its core near Exloo was completed in 2012. In Assen, Emmen, and Meppel are universities of applied sciences ( hogescholen ). The Stenden University of Applied Sciences has locations in these three towns, which formed
460-482: Is said to stem from thrija-hantja meaning "three lands". Drenthe has been populated by people since prehistory. Artifacts from the Wolstonian Stage (150,000 years ago) are among the oldest found in the Netherlands. In fact, it was one of the most densely populated areas of the Netherlands until the Bronze Age. The most tangible evidence of this are the dolmens ( hunebedden ) built around 3500 BC. 53 of
506-477: Is the 3rd least populous and least densely populated province of the Netherlands, with only Flevoland and Zeeland having fewer people. Emmen is the most populous municipality in the province. In 2015, 23.8% of the population belonged to the Protestant Church in the Netherlands while 9.3% was Roman Catholic , 0.9% was Muslim and 3.6% belonged to other churches or faiths. Over half (62.4%) of
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#1732764672856552-701: Is the only professional football club in Drenthe. It plays in the Keuken Kampioen Divisie and its home stadium is De Oude Meerdijk . The Ronde van Drenthe is an elite men's and women's professional road bicycle race that takes place annually in early March. The TT Circuit Assen hosts the Dutch TT , which is a round of the MotoGP series of the Motorcycle Road Racing World Championship. Drents Museum
598-465: Is the smallest with a total area of 1,560 km (602 sq mi), while Flevoland is the smallest by land area at 1,410 km (544 sq mi). In total about 10,000 people were employed by the provincial administrations in 2018. The provinces of the Netherlands are joined in the Association of Provinces of the Netherlands (IPO). This organisation promotes the common interests of
644-600: The Batavian Republic , Drenthe and Staats-Brabant became the eighth and ninth provinces of the Netherlands. The latter, which had been known as Bataafs Brabant (English: Batavian Brabant), changed its name to Noord-Brabant, North Brabant, in 1815 when it became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands , which also contained (then) South Brabant, a province now in Belgium . This new unified state featured
690-546: The Drenthe University of Applied Sciences before a merger in 2008. The Hanze Institute of Technology , part of the Hanze University of Applied Sciences , is located in Assen. There are no research universities ( universiteiten ) in the province of Drenthe. RTV Drenthe , the regional radio and television station, is based in Assen. The regional daily newspaper for the provinces of Drenthe and Groningen
736-548: The Episcopal principality of Utrecht , Habsburg Netherlands , Dutch Republic , Batavian Republic , Kingdom of Holland and Kingdom of the Netherlands . Drenthe has been an official province since 1796. The capital and seat of the provincial government is Assen . The King's Commissioner of Drenthe is Jetta Klijnsma . The Farmer-Citizen Movement (BBB) is the largest party in the States-Provincial , followed by
782-642: The Habsburg Netherlands . When the Republic of the Seven United Provinces was declared in 1581, Drenthe became part of it as the County of Drenthe , although it never gained full provincial status due to its poverty; the province was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. The successor Batavian Republic granted it provincial status on 1 January 1796. Shortly before
828-624: The Labour Party (PvdA) and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). Drenthe has the lowest population density in the European Netherlands. It is a predominantly rural area, unlike many other parts of the Netherlands; except for the small cities of Assen (pop. 67,963) and Emmen (pop. 107,113), the land in Drenthe is mainly used for agriculture and it has a notable amount of forests and nature. The name Drenthe
874-408: The 54 dolmens in the Netherlands can be found in Drenthe, concentrated in the northeast of the province. In 2006, the archaeological reserve of Strubben-Kniphorstbos , located between Anloo and Schipborg , was created to preserve part of this heritage. Most of the Bronze Age objects found in the Netherlands have been found in Drenthe. One item shows that trading networks during this period extended
920-618: The Commissioner is appointed by the King and the cabinet of the Netherlands. The daily affairs of the province are taken care of by the Gedeputeerde Staten , which are also headed by the Commissioner; its members ( gedeputeerden ) can be compared with ministers. The motorways A28 ( E232 ), A32 , A37 ( E233 ), and the other major roads N33, N34 , and N48 are maintained by the state. There are four railways partially in
966-657: The Netherlands , is divided into twelve provinces ( provincies in Dutch ) and three overseas special municipalities; Bonaire , Sint Eustatius , and Saba in the Caribbean Netherlands that are not part of any province. Previously these were part of public bodies ( openbare lichamen ). Nearly all Dutch provinces can trace their origin to a medieval county or duchy , as can the provinces of regions in Belgium . Their status changed when they came under
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#17327646728561012-714: The Netherlands. Drenthe is first recorded in 820 as a Gau , the basic division of the Carolingian Empire east of the Rhine . In 1046, the Emperor Henry III granted it to the Bishopric of Utrecht . At the time, Drenthe included the city of Groningen , which was governed by a burgrave (prefect) enfeoffed by the bishop. By the 14th century, the prefecture was hereditary and the Lordship of Groningen
1058-469: The departments of the kingdom and their borders were largely maintained, with some joined. They were however nearly all renamed, again mainly after rivers, though the names differed from their Batavian counterparts. Following are their names and the modern day province they mostly correspond to: With the defeat and withdrawal of the French in 1813, the old provinces and their names were re-established, Holland
1104-698: The factional struggle between the Vetkopers and Schieringers . In 1402, it was attached to the Oversticht , the eastern portion of the bishopric. In 1412, the county received its own Landrecht (territorial law). In 1522, during the Guelders Wars , the county fell to Charles II, Duke of Guelders , but he was forced to cede it to the Habsburg emperor Charles V in the Treaty of Grave of 1536. It
1150-399: The land or 1,898 km (733 sq mi) is used for agriculture. Drenthe has several heathlands and no significant rivers or lakes. The national parks Drents-Friese Wold and Dwingelderveld ( IUCN category II) and the national landscape Drentsche Aa (IUCN category V) are all (partially) located in the province. The major urban centers of the province are the capital Assen in
1196-480: The most densely populated province with 1,410/km (3,700/sq mi). With 391,124 inhabitants, Zeeland has the smallest population. However Drenthe is the least densely populated province with 191/km (490/sq mi). In terms of area, Friesland is the largest province with a total area of 5,753 km (2,221 sq mi). If water is excluded, Gelderland is the largest province by land area at 4,960 km (1,915 sq mi). The province of Utrecht
1242-426: The north and Emmen , Meppel , Hoogeveen , and Coevorden in the south. Drenthe has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfb). The province ( Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics or NUTS level 2) is divided into three COROP regions (NUTS level 3): North Drenthe, Southeast Drenthe, and Southwest Drenthe. The COROP regions are used for statistical purposes. The Netherlands underwent
1288-478: The northeast of the Netherlands; with to the north the province Groningen , to the west the province Friesland , to the south the province Overijssel , and to the east the German districts Emsland and Bentheim in the state Lower Saxony . Drenthe is the 9th largest province of the Netherlands. It has a total area of 2,683 km (1,036 sq mi), with 2,639 km (1,019 sq mi) of land and 44 km (17 sq mi) of water. About 72% of
1334-423: The old semi-autonomous status of the provinces. They are listed below, with their capitals and the territory of the former provinces that they mostly incorporated: After only three years, following a coup d'état , the borders of the former provinces were restored, though not their autonomous status. They were now also called "departments" and Drenthe was added to Overijssel. In 1806 the Kingdom of Holland replaced
1380-665: The others), and parts of the Duchy of Brabant , Duchy of Limburg and County of Flanders , which were considered to be "conquered lands" and were governed directly by the States General , hence their name Generality Lands . They were called Staats-Brabant , Staats-Limburg and Staats-Vlaanderen , meaning "governed by the States General". Each of these "Netherlands" had a high degree of autonomy , cooperating with each other mainly on defense and foreign relations, but otherwise keeping to their own affairs. On 1 January 1796, under
1426-663: The outbreak of the Second World War , the Dutch government built a camp near the town of Hooghalen to intern German Jewish refugees. During the Second World War , the German occupiers used the camp (which they named KZ Westerbork ) as a Durchgangslager (transit camp). Many Dutch Jews, Sinti , Roma , resistance combatants and political adversaries were imprisoned before being transferred to concentration and extermination camps in Germany and occupied Poland. Anne Frank
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1472-498: The population identified as non-religious. Religion in Drenthe (2015) Agriculture is an important employer, although industrial areas are found near the cities. The quietness of the province is also attracting a growing number of tourists. Drenthe is known as the "Cycling Province" of the Netherlands and is an exceptional place for a cycling holiday, having hundreds of kilometers of cycle paths through forest, heath and along canals and many towns and villages offering refreshment along
1518-586: The province of Drenthe: Groningen Airport Eelde is a minor international airport located in Eelde in the province of Drenthe. Hoogeveen Airport is a general aviation airport located in Hoogeveen . ASTRON , the Netherlands institute for radio astronomy , is located near Dwingeloo . Their single-dish radio telescope of the Dwingeloo Radio Observatory was completed in 1956 and
1564-498: The provinces in the national government of the Netherlands in The Hague . The government of each province consists of three major parts: The members of the provincial council are elected every four years in direct elections. To a large extent, the same political parties are enlisted in these elections in the national elections. The chosen provincial legislators elect the members of the national Senate within three months after
1610-402: The provinces in their modern form, as non-autonomous subdivisions of the national state, and again numbering 17, though they were not all the same as the 16th century ones. In 1839, following the separation of Belgium, the province of Limburg was divided between the two countries, each now having a province called Limburg. A year later, Holland, the largest and most populous of the Dutch provinces,
1656-415: The provincial elections. The elections for the water boards take place on the same date as the provincial elections. The last provincial elections were held in 2023 . The next provincial elections are scheduled for 2027 . The provinces of the Netherlands have seven core tasks: To a large extent, the provinces of the Netherlands are financed by the national government. Also, provinces have income from
1702-482: The republic to further French interests. It was during this administration that Holland was first split in two, with the department of Amstelland to the north and that of Maasland to the south. East Frisia , then as now in Germany , was added to the kingdom as a department in 1807 and Drenthe split off again making a total of 11 departments. When the Netherlands finally did become fully part of France in 1810,
1748-438: The smallest area. The municipalities Assen , Noordenveld , and Tynaarlo are part of the interprovincial Groningen-Assen Region and the municipalities Aa en Hunze , Assen, Borger-Odoorn , Coevorden , Emmen, Midden-Drenthe , Noordenveld, and Westerveld are part of the international Ems Dollart Region (EDR). On 1 January 2023, Drenthe had a total population of 502,051 and a population density of 191/km (490/sq mi). It
1794-401: The way. Drenthe exports through the entire Netherlands and also receives supplies and goods from Germany, making it a good business district. Many Dutch and German multinational companies are settled in Drenthe. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 15.1 billion € in 2018, accounting for 1.9% of the Netherlands economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power
1840-453: Was de facto separate from the County of Drenthe. Between 1225 and 1240, the free peasants of Drenthe were in conflict with the bishops over his lordship and his tithes. This even resulted in a crusade launched against them . The first and most intense phase of the conflict is retold in an eyewitness account, Quaedam narracio . In the 14th and 15th centuries, Drenthe was affected by
1886-633: Was 26,700 € or 89% of the EU27 average in the same year. Over half the population of Drenthe speaks the Drents dialect. Each town or village has its own version. All versions are part of the Low Saxon language group. Dutch Low Saxon has been officially recognised by the Dutch government as a regional language and is protected by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages . FC Emmen
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1932-525: Was also split into two provinces, for a total of 11. The 12th province to be created was Flevoland , consisting almost entirely of reclaimed land , established on 1 January 1986. During the Batavian Republic, the Netherlands was from 1798 to 1801 completely reorganised into eight new departments, most named after rivers, inspired by the French revolutionary example, in an attempt to do away with
1978-682: Was called Pago Treanth (Drenthe district). In archives from Het Utrechts Archief , from 1024 to 1025, the "county Drenthe" is mentioned, when Emperor Henry II gave it to Bishop Adalbold II of Utrecht . Subjugation of this region into the Holy Roman Empire culminated in the Drenther Crusade launched by the Papacy around 1228-1232. After long being subject to the Utrecht diocese , Bishop Henry of Wittelsbach in 1528 ceded Drenthe to Emperor Charles V of Habsburg , who incorporated it into
2024-528: Was deported on the last train leaving the Westerbork transit camp on 3 September 1944. In the 1970s, there were four hostage crises where South Moluccan terrorists demanded an independent Republic of South Maluku . They held hostages in hijacked trains in 1975 and 1977, in a primary school in 1977 , and in the province hall in 1978 . Drenthe is situated at 52°55′N 6°35′E / 52.917°N 6.583°E / 52.917; 6.583 in
2070-454: Was reunited and East-Frisia went its separate way. The 17 provinces of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands were for a significant part based on the former French departments and their borders, in particular in what would later become Belgium. There is continuous discussion within the Netherlands about the future of the provinces. Before 2014, the national government was planning to merge the provinces Flevoland, North Holland and Utrecht into
2116-736: Was thereafter governed by a Habsburg stadtholder , but because it was only sparsely populated, it had the same stadtholder as the Lordship of Groningen . In the Treaty of Augsburg of 1548, Drenthe was removed from the Westphalian Circle and attached to the Burgundian Circle , making it one of the Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands with a special status within the Empire. During
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