Misplaced Pages

#313686

84-636: Dundigal, officially Dundigal Gandimaisamma, is a mandal and a municipality in the Medchal-Malkajgiri district in the Indian state of Telangana . It is the headquarters of the Dundigal mandal in the Malkajgiri revenue division of Medchal-Malkajgiri district . India Air Force has an academy here. It was a part of Ranga Reddy district before the re-organisation of districts in

168-449: A designated place within tehsil area known as tehsil headquarters. Tehsildar is the incharge of tehsil office. This is similar to district office or district collector at district level. Throughout India, there is a three-tier local body/Panchayat system within the state. At the top is the zila/zilla panchayat (parishad). Taluka/mandal panchayat/panchayat samiti/community development block is the second layer of this system and below them are

252-531: A fertiliser plant to leverage ONGC's natural gas discoveries in Tripura. Expected to be in operation by 2017, the 1.3 million tonnes per year plant will supply the northeastern states. Drinking Water and Sanitation (DWS) wing] of Public Works Department manages the drinking water supply in the state. Schools and Anganwadi Centers have been specifically targeted to improve drinking water supply as well as attendance to these institutions. Many areas of Tripura have

336-407: A mode of transport. Tripura has an 856 km (532 mi) long international border with Bangladesh, of which 777.4 km (483.1 mi) is fenced, as of 2012. Several locations along the border serve as bilateral trading points between India and Bangladesh, such as Akhaura near Agartala, Raghna, Srimantpur, Belonia, Khowai and Kailasahar. A bus service exists between Agartala and Dhaka ,

420-527: A research paper published by the Institute of Developing Economies in 2004, the dependence of Tripura's economy on that of Bangladesh was emphasised. The economy of Tripura can be characterised by the high rate of poverty, low capital formation, inadequate infrastructure facilities, geographical isolation and communication bottlenecks, inadequate exploration and use of forest and mineral resources, slow industrialisation and high unemployment. More than 50% of

504-407: A surplus of 104.3 million fish seeds , primarily carp . Rubber and tea are the important cash crops of the state. Tripura ranks second to Kerala in the production of natural rubber in the country. The state is known for its handicraft , particularly hand-woven cotton fabric, wood carvings, and bamboo products. High quality timber including sal , garjan , teak and gamar are found abundantly in

588-532: A total of 566.93 km (218.89 sq mi). Gumti is also an Important Bird Area . In winter, thousands of migratory waterfowl throng Gumti and Rudrasagar lakes. In January 2012, major changes were implemented in the administrative divisions of Tripura. There had previously been four districts – Dhalai (headquarters Ambassa ), North Tripura (headquarters Kailashahar ), South Tripura (headquarters Udaipur, Tripura ), and West Tripura (headquarters Agartala ). Four new districts were carved out of

672-565: Is 153 km. It is a single line without electrification. The Agartala sabroom line was coupled and became fully operational from 2019. A new railway line is being laid westwards from Agartala to Akhaura in Bangladesh . This will reduce the distance between Agartala and Kolkata by over 1000 km and provide rail access to Chittagong port. Some major Express trains that operate from Agartala are – Agartala – Anand Vihar Terminal Rajdhani Express Road Only one major road,

756-987: Is a peculiarity of Tripura's vegetation. Grasslands and swamps are also present, particularly in the plains. Herbaceous plants , shrubs, and trees such as Albizia , Barringtonia , Lagerstroemia and Macaranga flourish in the swamps of Tripura. Shrubs and grasses include Schumannianthus dichotoma ( shitalpati ), Phragmites and Saccharum (sugarcane). According to a survey in 1989–90, Tripura hosts 90 land mammal species from 65 genera and 10 orders, including such species as elephant ( Elephas maximus ), bear ( Melursus ursinus ), binturong ( Arctictis binturong ), wild dog ( Cuon alpinus ), porcupine ( Artherurus assamensis ), barking deer ( Muntiacus muntjak ), sambar ( Cervus unicolor ), wild boar ( Sus scrofa ), gaur ( Bos gaurus ), leopard ( Panthera pardus ), clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa ), and many species of small cats and primates. Out of 15 free ranging primates of India, seven are found in Tripura; this

840-495: Is an agrarian state with more than half of the population dependent on agriculture and allied activities. However, due to hilly terrain and forest cover, only 27% of the land is available for cultivation. Rice, the major crop of the state, is cultivated in 91% of the cropped area. According to the Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Government of Tripura, in 2009–10, potato, sugarcane , mesta , pulses and jute were

924-410: Is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy , a feature it shares with other Indian states. Universal suffrage is granted to residents. The Tripura government has three branches: executive, legislature and judiciary. The Tripura Legislative Assembly consists of elected members and special office bearers that are elected by the members. Assembly meetings are presided over by

SECTION 10

#1732797402314

1008-406: Is in a trade deficit with India, its export to Tripura is significantly more than import from the state; a report in the newspaper The Hindu estimated Bangladesh exported commodities valued at about ₹ 3.5 billion (US$ 42 million) to the state in 2012, as opposed to "very small quantity" of import. Alongside legal international trade, unofficial and informal cross-border trade is rampant. In

1092-534: Is surrounded with serene atmosphere. The name Tripura is linked to the Hindu goddess Tripura Sundari , the presiding deity of the Tripura Sundari Temple at Udaipur , one of the 51 Shakti Peethas (pilgrimage centres of Shaktism ), and to the legendary tyrant king Tripur, who reigned in the region. Tripur was the 39th descendant of Druhyu , who belonged to the lineage of Yayati , a king of

1176-408: Is the highest number of primate species found in any Indian state. The wild buffalo ( Bubalus arnee ) is extinct now. There are nearly 300 species of birds in the state. Wildlife sanctuaries of the state are Sipahijola , Gumti , Rowa and Trishna wildlife sanctuaries. National parks of the state are Clouded Leopard National Park and Rajbari National Park . These protected areas cover

1260-410: Is the sub-district of a district, similarly, Nayabat is the sub-tehsil of a tehsil. Tripura Tripura ( / ˈ t r ɪ p ʊr ə , - ər ə / ) is a state in northeastern India . The third-smallest state in the country, it covers 10,491 km (4,051 sq mi); and the seventh-least populous state with a population of 3.67 million. It is bordered by Assam and Mizoram to

1344-498: Is unclear whether the extent of modern Tripura is coterminous with Kirat Desh . The region was under the rule of the Twipra Kingdom for centuries, but when this dynasty began is not documented. The Rajmala , a chronicle of Tripuri kings which was first written in the 15th century, provides a list of 179 kings, from antiquity up to Krishna Kishore Manikya (1830–1850), but it is not a reliable source. The boundaries of

1428-762: The Mahabharata ; ancient religious texts, the Puranas ; and the Edicts of Ashoka  – stone pillar inscriptions of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka dating from the third century BC  – all mention Tripura. An ancient name of Tripura (as mentioned in the Mahabharata) is Kirat Desh (English: "The land of Kirat"), probably referring to the Kirata Kingdoms or the more generic term Kirata . However, it

1512-801: The Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. Parts of the state were shelled by the Pakistan Army during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 . Following the war, the Indian government reorganised the North East region to ensure effective control of the international borders – three new states came into existence on 21 January 1972: Meghalaya, Manipur, and Tripura. Before Tripura's merger with the Union of India , majority of

1596-840: The Bharatiya Janata Party won an overall majority in the state, resulting in the end of the Communist Party's uninterrupted twenty-five year rule. The BJP won 44 out of 60 seats in the Assembly by coalition with the IPFT . The CPI (M) only got 16 seats and Indian National Congress lost by huge margins in all constituencies. Communism in the state had its beginnings in the pre-independence era, inspired by freedom struggle activities in Bengal , and culminating in regional parties with communist leanings. It capitalised on

1680-658: The Bodhjungnagar Industrial Growth Center . The Planning Commission estimates the poverty rate of all North East Indian states by using headcount ratio of Assam (the second largest state in North East India after Arunachal Pradesh). According to 2001 Planning Commission assessment, 22 per cent of Tripura's rural residents were below the poverty line. However, the Tripura government's independent assessment, based on consumption distribution data, reported that, in 2001, 55 per cent of

1764-636: The Chief Minister . The Governor, the titular head of state , is appointed by the President of India . The leader of the party or a coalition of parties with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the chief minister by the governor. The Council of Ministers are appointed by the governor on the advice of the chief minister. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly. Tripura sends two representatives to

SECTION 20

#1732797402314

1848-606: The Jampui Hills in the east. The intervening synclines are the Agartala–Udaipur, Khowai–Teliamura, Kamalpur–Ambasa, Kailasahar–Manu and Dharmanagar–Kanchanpur valleys. At an altitude of 939 m (3,081 ft), Betling Shib in the Jampui range is the state's highest point. The small isolated hillocks interspersed throughout the state are known as tillas , and the narrow fertile alluvial valleys, mostly present in

1932-543: The Lok Sabha (the lower house of the parliament of India ) and one representative to the Rajya Sabha (parliament's upper house ). In the 2019 Indian general election , both parliament lower house seats were won by the Bharatiya Janata Party . Panchayats , ( local self-governments ) elected by local body elections operate in many villages for self-governance. Tripura also has a unique tribal self-governance body,

2016-468: The Lunar Dynasty . There are alternative theories regarding the origin of the name Tripura, such as a possible etymological reinterpretation to Sanskrit of a Tibeto-Burman ( Kokborok ) name. Variants of the name include Tipra , Tuipura and Tippera , which can all denote the indigenous people inhabiting the area. A Kokborok etymology from tüi (water) and pra (near) has been suggested;

2100-710: The Manikya Dynasty — was part of the Tripuri Kingdom (also known as Hill Tippera). It became a princely state under the British Raj during its tenure, and acceded to independent India in 1947. It merged with India in 1949 and was designated as a 'Part C State' ( union territory ). It became a full-fledged state of India in 1972. Tripura lies in a geographically isolated location in India, as only one major highway, National Highway 8 , connects it with

2184-519: The National Highway 8 (NH-8), connects Tripura to the rest of India. Starting at Sabroom in southern Tripura, it heads north to the capital Agartala, turns east and then north-east to enter the state of Assam. Locally known as "Assam Road", the NH-8 is often called the lifeline of Tripura. However, the highway is single lane and of poor quality; often landslides, rains or other disruptions on

2268-674: The ONGC Tripura Power Company in Palatana. The ONGC plant has a capacity of 726.6 MW, with the second plant's commissioning in November 2014. It is the largest individual power plant in the northeast region. The state also has a hydro power station on the Gumti River. The combined power generation from these three stations is 100–105  MW . The North Eastern Electric Power Corporation (NEEPCO) operates

2352-626: The Oligocene epoch , approximately 34 to 23 million years ago , and the Holocene epoch, which started 12,000 years ago. The hills have red laterite soil that is porous. The flood plains and narrow valleys are overlain by alluvial soil, and those in the west and south constitute most of the agricultural land. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards , on a scale ranging from I to V in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes,

2436-489: The Seven Sister States . Spread over 10,491.69 km (4,050.86 sq mi), Tripura is the third-smallest among the 28 states in the country , behind Goa and Sikkim . It extends from 22°56'N to 24°32'N, and 91°09'E to 92°20'E. Its maximum extent measures about 178 km (111 mi) from north to south, and 131 km (81 mi) east to west. Tripura is bordered by the country of Bangladesh to

2520-651: The Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council . This council is responsible for some aspects of local governance in 527 villages with high density of the scheduled tribes. The main political parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the Left Front , the All India Trinamool Congress and Indian National Congress along with regional parties like the IPFT and INPT . Until 1977,

2604-585: The communal violence against the Hindu minority in neighbouring Bangladesh, mosques in several areas in Tripura were attacked from 19 to 26 October 2021. The influx of refugees from erstwhile East Pakistan and present day Bangladesh leads to minoritisation of the indigenous peoples of Tripura. Tripura is a landlocked state in North East India , where the seven contiguous states – Arunachal Pradesh , Assam , Manipur , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Nagaland and Tripura – are collectively known as

Dundigal - Misplaced Pages Continue

2688-442: The district , also sometimes translated as county . In neither case is the analogy very exact. Tehsildar is the chief or key government officer of each tehsil or taluka. In some states different nomenclature like talukdar, mamledar, amaldar, mandal officer is used. In many states of India, the tehsildar functions as the executive magistrate of that tehsil. Each tehsil will have an office called tehsil office or tehsildar office at

2772-551: The 2011 census, Tripura is one of the most literate states in India, with a literacy rate of 87.75%. Mainstream Indian cultural elements coexist with traditional practices of the ethnic groups, such as various dances to celebrate religious occasions, weddings and festivities; the use of locally crafted musical instruments and clothes; and the worship of regional deities. The sculptures at the archaeological sites Unakoti , Pilak and Devtamura provide historical evidence of artistic fusion between organised and indigenous religions. Tripura

2856-521: The 84 MW Agartala Gas Turbine Power Plant near Agartala. As of November 2014, another thermal power plant is being built at Monarchak. With the newly added power generation capacity, Tripura has with enough capacity to supply all seven sister states of northeast India, as well export power to neighbouring countries such as Bangladesh. With recent discoveries, the state has abundant natural gas reserves to support many more power generation plants, but lacks pipeline and transport infrastructure to deliver

2940-461: The AFSPA to 30 police station areas. The last six-month extension to AFSPA was approved in November 2014, and after about 18 years of operation, it was repealed on 29 May 2015. figures in crores Indian rupee Tripura's gross state domestic product for 2022–23 was ₹ 640 billion (US$ 7.7 billion) at constant price (2022–23), recording 10.38% growth over the previous year. In the same period,

3024-464: The GDP of India was ₹ 277,520 billion (US$ 3.3 trillion), with a growth rate of 8.55%. Annual per capita income at current price of the state was ₹ 157,752 (US$ 1,900), compared to the national per capita income ₹ 197,280 (US$ 2,400). In 2009, the tertiary sector of the economy (service industries) was the largest contributor to the gross domestic product of the state, contributing 53.98 per cent of

3108-452: The Indian context. In some instances, tehsils overlap with " blocks " (panchayat union blocks or panchayat development blocks or cd blocks) and come under the land and revenue department, headed by the tehsildar; and blocks come under the rural development department, headed by the block development officer and serve different government administrative functions over the same or similar geographical area. Although they may on occasion share

3192-666: The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in case of Speaker's absence. The Assembly is unicameral with 60 Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). The members are elected for a term of five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term. The judiciary is composed of the Tripura High Court and a system of lower courts. Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by

3276-542: The State. However, a study by the DWS Department found a depleting water table and excessive contamination. Still, packaged drinking water under brands "Tribeni", "Eco Freshh", "Blue Fina", "Life Drop" and "Aqua Zoom" among others is manufactured and sold in the state. Filters of many types and brands, in addition to locally manufactured ceramic type filters, are sold in the state although their acceptance in rural areas

3360-669: The boundaries of Tripura extended to the Bay of Bengal when the kings of the Tipra Kingdom held sway from the Garo Hills of Meghalaya to Arakan , the present Rakhine State of Burma ; so the name may reflect vicinity to the sea. Although there is no evidence of lower or middle Paleolithic settlements in Tripura, Upper Paleolithic tools made of fossilised wood have been found in the Haora and Khowai valleys. The Indian epic,

3444-602: The capital and major towns (Kailashahar, Dharmanagar) as well as to more remote areas such as Kanchanpur, Belonia and Gandacherra. Railway Agartala was connected to India's railway network with the advent of the railways in the subcontinent in 1853 but the link was broken when India was partitioned in 1947. Railway services were established in Tripura in 1964 by constructing 1,000 mm ( 3 ft  3 + 3 ⁄ 8  in ) metre gauge track from Lumding in Assam to Dharmanagar and Kailasahar in Tripura but

Dundigal - Misplaced Pages Continue

3528-740: The capital of Bangladesh. In 2013, the two countries signed an agreement to establish a 15 km (9.3 mi) railway link between Agartala and the Akhaura junction of Bangladesh. Citizens of both countries need visa to legally enter the other country; however, illegal movement and smuggling across the border are widespread. Doordarshan (DD) has a television station in Agartala. Other full-time based channels are Headlines Tripura, News Vanguard, PB 24, Prime Television Network, Chini Khorang, Swrangchati News and many more. As of 2014, 56 daily and weekly newspapers are published in Tripura. Most of

3612-404: The east and by Bangladesh to the north, south and west. Tripura is divided into 8 districts and 23 sub-divisions, where Agartala is the capital and the largest city in the state. Tripura has 19 different tribal communities with a majority Bengali population. Bengali , English and Kokborok are the state's official languages. The area of modern Tripura — ruled for several centuries by

3696-425: The empowered grassroots administrative unit, replacing tehsils. Tehsil office is primarily tasked with land revenue administration, besides election and executive functions. It is the ultimate executive agency for land records and related administrative matters. The chief official is called the tehsildar or, less officially, the talukdar or taluka muktiarkar . Tehsil or taluk can be considered sub-districts in

3780-560: The estate in the plains of British India – became Comilla district of East Pakistan , and Hill Tippera remained under a regency council until 1949. The Maharani Regent of Tripura signed the Tripura Merger Agreement on 9 September 1949, making Tripura a Part C state of India. It became a Union Territory , without a legislature, in November 1956 and an elected ministry was installed in July 1963. Full statehood

3864-639: The existing four in January 2012 – Khowai , Unakoti , Sipahijala and Gomati . Six new subdivisions and five new blocks were also added. Each is governed by a district collector or a district magistrate, usually appointed by the Indian Administrative Service . The subdivisions of each district are governed by a sub-divisional magistrate and each subdivision is further divided into blocks. The blocks consist of Panchayat s (village councils) and town municipalities. As of 2012,

3948-418: The forests of Tripura. Tata Trusts signed a pact with Government of Tripura in July 2015 to improve fisheries and dairy production in the state. The industrial sector of the state continues to be highly underdeveloped – brickfields and tea industry are the only two organised sectors. Tripura has considerable reservoirs of natural gas. According to estimates by Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC),

4032-649: The fuel or electricity to India's national grid. As of 2011, 255,241 hectares (985 sq mi) of land in Tripura cultivable, of which 108,646 hectares (419 sq mi) has the potential to be covered by irrigation projects. However, only 74,796 hectares (289 sq mi) is irrigated. The state lacks major irrigation projects; it depends on medium-sized projects sourced from Gumti, Khowai (at Chakmaghat) and Manu rivers, and minor projects administered by village-level governing bodies that utilise tube wells , water pumps, tanks and lift irrigation . ONGC and Chambal Fertilizers & Chemicals are jointly building

4116-443: The gram panchayats or village panchayats. These panchayats at all three levels have elected members from eligible voters of particular subdivisions. These elected members form the bodies which help the administration in policy-making, development works, and bringing grievances of the common public to the notice of the administration. Nayabat is the lower part of tehsil which have some powers like tehsil. It can be understood as tehsil

4200-409: The highest number of primate species found in any Indian state. Due to its geographical isolation, economic progress in the state is hindered. Poverty and unemployment continue to plague Tripura, which has a limited infrastructure. Most residents are involved in agriculture and allied activities, although the service sector is the largest contributor to the state's gross domestic product. According to

4284-605: The highway cut the state off from its neighbours. Another National Highway, NH 108 , connects the town of Panisagar in northern Tripura with Aizawl , Mizoram. The Tripura Road Transport Corporation is the government agency overlooking public transport on road. A hilly and land-locked state, Tripura is dependent mostly on roads for transport. The total length of roads in the state is 16,931 km (10,520 mi) of which national highways constitute 88 km (55 mi) and state highways 689 km (428 mi), as of 2009–10. Residents in rural areas frequently use waterways as

SECTION 50

#1732797402314

4368-596: The hill regions. The Mughals had influence over the appointment of the Tripuri kings. Tripura became a princely state during British rule in India . The kings had an estate in British India, known as Tippera district or Chakla Roshanbad (now the Comilla district of Bangladesh), in addition to the independent area known as Hill Tippera , roughly corresponding to the present-day Tripura state. Udaipur, in

4452-412: The hill slopes and the sandy river banks are dominated by species such as Dipterocarpus , Artocarpus , Amoora , Elaeocarpus , Syzygium and Eugenia . Two types of moist deciduous forests comprise the majority of the vegetation: moist deciduous mixed forest and Sal ( Shorea robusta )-predominant forest. The interspersion of bamboo and cane forests with deciduous and evergreen flora

4536-684: The kingdom changed over the centuries. At various times, the borders reached south to the jungles of the Sundarbans on the Bay of Bengal; east to Burma; and north to the boundary of the Kamarupa kingdom in Assam . There were several Muslim invasions of the region from the 13th century onward, which culminated in Mughal dominance of the plains of the kingdom in 1733, although their rule never extended to

4620-431: The monsoon season, the south west monsoon brings heavy rains, which cause frequent floods. The average annual rainfall between 1995 and 2006 ranged from 1,979.6 to 2,745.9 mm (77.94 to 108.11 in). During winter, temperatures range from 13 to 27 °C (55 to 81 °F), while in the summer they fall between 24 and 36 °C (75 and 97 °F). According to a United Nations Development Programme report,

4704-510: The newspapers are published in Bengali, except for one Kokborok daily ( Hachukni Kok ), one Manipuri weekly ( Marup ) , two English dailies and three bilingual weeklies. Notable dailies include Ajkal Tripura , Daily Desher Katha , Dainik Sambad and Syandan Patrika . In a study by Indian Institute of Mass Communication in 2009, 93% of the sampled in Tripura rated television as very effective for information and mass education. In

4788-409: The other major crops cultivated in the state. Jackfruit and pineapple top the list of horticultural products. Traditionally, most of the indigenous population practised jhum method (a type of slash-and-burn ) of cultivation. The number of people dependent on jhum has declined over the years. Fish farming has made significant advances in the state. At the end of 2009–10, the state produced

4872-526: The partition was less than 350 km (220 mi), and increased to 1,700 km (1,100 mi), as the route now avoided East Pakistan. The geopolitical isolation was aggravated by an absence of rail transport. After the partition of India, many Bengali Hindus migrated to Tripura as refugees fleeing religious persecution in Muslim-majority East Pakistan, especially after 1949. Settlement by Hindu Bengalis increased during

4956-491: The population composed of indigenous Tripuri people . Ethnic strife between the Tripuri tribe and the predominantly immigrant Bengali community led to scattered violence, and an insurgency spanning decades, including occasional massacres such as the 1980 Mandai massacre . This gradually abated following the establishment of a tribal autonomous district council and the use of strategic counter-insurgency operations. Tripura remains peaceful, as of 2016. In retaliation of

5040-408: The population depends on agriculture for sustaining their livelihood. However agriculture and allied activities contribution to Gross State Domestic Production (GSDP) is only 23%, this is primarily because of low capital base in the sector. Despite the inherent limitation and constraints coupled with severe resource shortages for investing in basic infrastructure, this has brought consistent progress in

5124-490: The problem of excessive iron content in groundwater requiring the installation of Iron Removal Plants (IRP). Tripura State has received the best State Award for Water & Sanitation under the category of Small States in the IBN7 Diamond State Award function for doing commendable work to provide drinking water supply to the people with the sparsely distributed tribal population in hamlets of hilly regions of

SECTION 60

#1732797402314

5208-406: The quality of life and income of people across all sections of society. The state government through its Tripura Industrial Policy and Tripura Industrial Incentives Scheme, 2012, has offered heavy subsidies in capital investment and transport, preferences in government procurement, waivers in tender processes and fees, yet the impact has not been much significant beyond a few industries being set up in

5292-437: The rest of the country. Five mountain ranges — Baramura , Atharamura , Longtharai , Shakhan and Jampui Hills — run north to south, with intervening valleys; Agartala , the capital, is located on a plain to the west. The state has a tropical savanna climate , and receives seasonal heavy rains from the south west monsoon . Forests cover more than half of the area, in which bamboo and cane tracts are common. Tripura has

5376-716: The rural population was below the poverty line. Geographic isolation and communication bottlenecks coupled with insufficient infrastructure have restricted economic growth of the state. High rate of poverty and unemployment continues to be prevalent. Air Maharaja Bir Bikram Airport , located 12 km northwest of Agartala at Singerbhil, is the second busiest airport in northeast India after Guwahati. There are direct flights to Kolkata , Imphal , Delhi , Shillong , Guwahati , Bangalore , Dibrugarh , Aizawl , Ahmedabad , Bangalore and Chittagong . The major airlines are flybig , Air India , Akasa Air , Spicejet and IndiGo . Passenger helicopter services are available between

5460-699: The same area with a subdivision of a revenue division, known as revenue blocks , the two are distinct. For example, Raipur district in Chhattisgarh state is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks. Nevertheless, the two are often conflated. India, as a vast country, is subdivided into many states and union territories for administrative purposes. Further divisions of these states are known as districts . These districts (zila/zilla) are again divided into many subdivisions , viz tehsils or taluks. These subdivisions are again divided into gram panchayats or village panchayats. Initially, this

5544-495: The seven-year period from 1993 to 2000. The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) was first enforced in Tripura on 16 February 1997 when terrorism was at its peak in the state. The Act, as per its provisions, was subsequently reviewed and extended every six months. However, in view of the improvement in the situation and fewer terrorist activities being reported, the Tripura government in June 2013 reduced operational areas of

5628-453: The south of Tripura, was the capital of the kingdom, until the king Krishna Manikya moved the capital to Old Agartala in the 18th century. It was moved to the new city of Agartala in the 19th century. Bir Chandra Manikya (1862–1896) modelled his administration on the pattern of British India , and enacted reforms including the formation of Agartala Municipal Corporation. Following the independence of India in 1947, Tippera district –

5712-651: The state had eight districts, 23 subdivisions and 58 development blocks. National census and state statistical reports are not available for all the new administrative divisions, as of March 2013. Agartala , the capital of Tripura, is the most populous city. Other major towns with a population of 10,000 or more (as per 2015 census) are Sabroom , Dharmanagar , Jogendranagar , Kailashahar , Pratapgarh , Udaipur , Amarpur , Belonia , Gandhigram , Kumarghat , Khowai , Ranirbazar , Sonamura , Bishalgarh , Teliamura , Mohanpur , Melaghar , Ambassa , Kamalpur , Bishramganj , Kathaliya , Santirbazar and Baxanagar . Tripura

5796-494: The state has 400 billion metres reserves of natural gas, with 16 billion metres is recoverable. ONGC produced 480 million metres natural gas in the state, in 2006–07. In 2011 and 2013, new large discoveries of natural gas were announced by ONGC. Tourism industry in the state is growing – the revenue earned in tourism sector crossed ₹ 10 million (US$ 120,000) for the first time in 2009–10, and surpassed ₹ 15 million (US$ 180,000) in 2010–11. Although Bangladesh

5880-469: The state lies in seismic zone V . The state has a tropical savanna climate , designated Aw under the Köppen climate classification . The undulating topography leads to local variations, particularly in the hill ranges. The four main seasons are winter, from December to February; pre-monsoon or summer, from March to April; monsoon, from May to September; and post-monsoon, from October to November. During

5964-547: The state lies in "very high damage risk" zone from wind and cyclones. Like most of the Indian subcontinent, Tripura lies within the Indomalayan realm . According to the Biogeographic classification of India , the state is in the "North-East" biogeographic zone. In 2011 forests covered 57.73% of the state. Tripura hosts three different types of ecosystems: mountain, forest and freshwater. The evergreen forests on

6048-516: The state on 11 October 2016. This article about a location in Telangana is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mandal In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana , a newer unit called mandal (circle) has come to replace the tehsil system. It is generally smaller than a tehsil, and is meant for facilitating local self-government in the panchayat system . In West Bengal , Bihar, Jharkhand, community development blocks are

6132-596: The state was governed by the Indian National Congress. The Left Front was in power from 1978 to 1988, and then again from 1993 to 2018. In 1988–93, the Congress and Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti were in a ruling coalition. In the 2013 Tripura Legislative Assembly election , the Left Front won 50 out of 60 seats in the Assembly. The 2018 assembly election resulted in loss for the Left Front ;

6216-518: The state's economy compared to 23.07 per cent from the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, mining) and 22.95 per cent from the secondary sector (industrial and manufacturing). According to the Economic Census of 2005, after agriculture, the maximum number of workers were engaged in retail trade (28.21% of total non-agricultural workforce), followed by manufacturing (18.60%), public administration (14.54%), and education (14.40%). Tripura

6300-441: The state, as of 2011. Till 2014, Tripura was a power deficit state. In late 2014, Tripura reached surplus electricity production capacity by using its recently discovered natural gas resources, and installing high efficiency gas turbine power plants. The state has many power-generating stations. These are owned by Tripura State Electricity Corporation (TSECL), natural gas-powered thermal power stations at Rokhia and Baramura, and

6384-452: The study, 67% of the sampled listened to radio and 80–90% read newspaper. Most of the major Indian telecommunication companies are present in the state, such as Airtel , Vi , Jio and BSNL . Mobile connections outnumber landline connections by a wide margin. As of 2011, the state-controlled BSNL has 57,897 landline subscribers and 325,279 GSM mobile service connections. There are 84 telephone exchanges (for landlines) and 716 post offices in

6468-552: The term tehsil is commonly used in all northern states . In Maharashtra , Gujarat , Goa , Karnataka , Kerala and Tamil Nadu , taluka or taluk is more common. In Eastern India , instead of tehsils, the term Subdivision is used in Bihar , Assam , Jharkhand and West Bengal , as well as large parts of Northeast India ( Manipur , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Sikkim and Tripura ). In Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland , they are called circle . Tehsil/tahsil and taluk/taluka and

6552-574: The track did not reach Agartala. Rail transport was absent in the state until 2008–09 when the railway track was extended to the capital Agartala. The metre gauge rail track was connected to 5 ft 6 in ( 1,676 mm ) broad gauge at Lumding. The major railway stations in this line are in Agartala, Dharmanagar , and Kumarghat . This metre gauge track was converted to 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in ) broad gauge in 2016 and now trains run from Agartala to Kolkata and Delhi . The total length of this railway track in Tripura state

6636-637: The tribal dissatisfaction with the mainstream rulers, and has been noted for connection with the "sub-national or ethnic searches for identity". Since the 1990s, there has been an ongoing irredentist Tripura rebellion , involving militant outfits such as the National Liberation Front of Tripura and the All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF); terrorist incidents involving the ATTF claimed a recorded number of 389 victims in

6720-488: The variants are used as English words without further translation. Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the subcontinent , the word county has sometimes been provided as a gloss , on the basis that a tehsil, like a county, is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city, town, or village, but subordinate to a larger state or province. India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy (or more than one, at least in parts of India):

6804-570: The west, are called Doóng/lungas . A number of rivers originate in the hills of Tripura and flow into Bangladesh. The Khowai, Dhalai , Manu , Juri and Longai flow towards the north; the Gumti to the west; and the Muhuri and Feni to the south west. The lithostratigraphy data published by the Geological Survey of India dates the rocks, on the geologic time scale , between

6888-509: The west, north and south; and the Indian states of Assam to the north east; and Mizoram to the east. It is accessible by national highways passing through the Karimganj district of Assam and Mamit district of Mizoram. The physiography is characterised by hill ranges, valleys and plains. The state has five anticlinal ranges of hills running north to south, from Baramura in the west, through Atharamura , Longtharai and Shakhan , to

6972-497: Was conferred in 1971 by the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971 . The geographic partition that coincided with the independence of India resulted in major economic and infrastructural setbacks for the state, as road transport between the state and the major cities of the newly-independent India had to follow a more circuitous route, around East Pakistan. The road distance between Kolkata and Agartala before

7056-402: Was done for collecting land revenue and administration purposes. But now these subdivisions are governed in tandem with other departments of government like education, agriculture, irrigation, health, police, etc. The different departments of state government generally have offices at tehsil or taluk level to facilitate good governance and to provide facilities to common people easily. In India,

#313686