A casino is a facility for certain types of gambling . Casinos are often built near or combined with hotels , resorts , restaurants , retail shops , cruise ships , and other tourist attractions. Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sports.
92-560: The Pickering Casino Resort is a casino , resort, and entertainment venue that is currently under development in the Canadian city of Pickering , Ontario . During its planning, it was branded as Durham Live . The plan received approval for development in 2017. It is expected to create 10,000 jobs in the city of Pickering ranging from entry level to senior managerial positions. It is also expected to contribute $ 600 million in tax revenue and $ 1 billion towards Pickering's GDP and represents
184-413: A constitutional monarchy . In military and non-military usage, a casino (Spanish) or Kasino (German) is an officers' mess . The precise origin of gambling is unknown. It is generally believed that gambling in some form or another has been seen in almost every society in history. From Ancient Mesopotamia , Greeks and Romans to Napoleon's France and Elizabethan England , much of history
276-541: A Botanical Garden..." It will also include Canada's first and North America's third Porsche Experience Center. The facility was expected to be operational in the fall of 2019 or by late 2019. Construction of the structures are in the advanced stages. The building permit for the city of Pickering to go ahead with this development has cost $ 1.6 million. The City of Pickering, the Durham Region and Toronto governing authorities are actively involved in this project due to
368-1041: A Schleswig-Holstein licence. AWPs are governed by federal law – the Trade Regulation Act and the Gaming Ordinance. The Casino Estoril , located in the municipality of Cascais , on the Portuguese Riviera , near Lisbon , is the largest casino in Europe by capacity. During the World War II , it was reputed to be a gathering point for spies , dispossessed royals , and wartime adventurers; it became an inspiration for Ian Fleming 's James Bond 007 novel Casino Royale . There are four legal gaming zones in Russia: "Siberian Coin" (Altay), "Yantarnaya" (Kaliningrad region), "Azov-city" (Rostov region) and "Primorie" (Primorie region). Singapore
460-438: A feature in the monarchies of Nordic countries . The gentility is primarily formed on the bases of the medieval societies' two higher estates of the realm, nobility and clergy , both exempted from taxation. Subsequent "gentle" families of long descent who never obtained official rights to bear a coat of arms were also admitted to the rural upper-class society: the gentry. The three estates The widespread three estates order
552-558: A feudal tradition did not have a nobility as such. The nobility of a person might be either inherited or earned. Nobility in its most general and strict sense is an acknowledged preeminence that is hereditary: legitimate descendants (or all male descendants, in some societies) of nobles are nobles, unless explicitly stripped of the privilege. The terms aristocrat and aristocracy are a less formal means to refer to persons belonging to this social milieu . Historically in some cultures, members of an upper class often did not have to work for
644-456: A high but indeterminate social status. The most common occurrence of term Esquire today is the conferral as the suffix Esq. in order to pay an informal compliment to a male recipient by way of implying gentle birth . In the post-medieval world, the title of esquire came to apply to all men of the higher landed gentry; an esquire ranked socially above a gentleman but below a knight. In the modern world, where all men are assumed to be gentlemen,
736-508: A living, as they were supported by earned or inherited investments (often real estate), although members of the upper class may have had less actual money than merchants. Upper-class status commonly derived from the social position of one's family and not from one's own achievements or wealth. Much of the population that comprised the upper class consisted of aristocrats, ruling families, titled people , and religious hierarchs. These people were usually born into their status, and historically, there
828-488: A noisy environment; a gaming house is spelt casinò , with an accent . Not all casinos are used for gaming. The Catalina Casino , on Santa Catalina Island, California , has never been used for traditional games of chance, which were already outlawed in California by the time it was built. The Copenhagen Casino was a Danish theatre which also held public meetings during the 1848 Revolution , which made Denmark
920-408: A page and squire (for a contemporary reference, see British honours system ). In formal protocol, Sir is the correct styling for a knight or for a baronet, used with (one of) the knight's given name (s) or full name, but not with the surname alone. The equivalent for a woman who holds the title in her own right is Dame ; for such women, the title Dame is used as Sir for a man, never before
1012-534: A pleasant albeit unidentifiable odor released by Las Vegas slot machines generated about 50% more in daily revenue. He suggested that the scent acted as an aphrodisiac, causing a more aggressive form of gambling. The following lists major casino markets in the world with casino revenue of over US$ 1 billion as published in PricewaterhouseCoopers 's report on the outlook for the global casino market: According to Bloomberg , accumulated revenue of
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#17327913354431104-522: A rather small group numerically, and the clergy , which were part of the so-called frälse (a classification defined by tax exemptions and representation in the diet ). At the head of the Swedish clergy stood the Archbishop of Uppsala since 1164. The clergy encompassed almost all the educated men of the day and furthermore was strengthened by considerable wealth, and thus it came naturally to play
1196-827: A rise in the number of casinos outside of Las Vegas and Atlantic City. In Vietnam , the term "casinos" encompasses gambling activities within the country . Unofficially defined, a "casino" typically denotes a well-established and professional gambling establishment that is generally lawful but exclusively caters to foreign players. On the other hand, "gambling houses" or "gambling dens" are smaller, illicit gambling venues. As of 2022, Vietnam has 9 operating casinos, including: Đồ Sơn casino (Hải Phòng), Lợi Lai casino, Hoàng Gia casino ( Quảng Ninh ), Hồng Vận casino ( Quảng Ninh ), Lào Cai casino ( Lào Cai ), Silver Shores casino (Đà Nẵng), Hồ Tràm casino (Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu), Nam Hội An casino (Quảng Nam), Phú Quốc casino in Kien Giang . In
1288-872: A significant political role. Until the Reformation, the clergy was the first estate but was relegated to the secular estate in the Protestant North Europe. In the Middle Ages, celibacy in the Catholic Church had been a natural barrier to the formation of an hereditary priestly class. After compulsory celibacy was abolished in Sweden during the Reformation , the formation of a hereditary priestly class became possible, whereby wealth and clerical positions were frequently inheritable. Hence
1380-547: A survey conducted by the Vietnamese Institute for Sustainable Regional Development and released on September 30, 2015, it was found that 71% of the respondents held the belief that allowing Vietnamese individuals to access casinos would result in an increase in the number of players. Furthermore, 47.4% of the participants expressed the view that engaging in rewarding recreational activities has a positive impact on job opportunities for residents. Additionally, 46.2% of
1472-419: A thousand years Europe was ruled by an order of guardians considerably like that which was visioned by our philosopher. During the Middle Ages it was customary to classify the population of Christendom into laboratores (workers), bellatores (soldiers), and oratores (clergy). The last group, though small in number, monopolized the instruments and opportunities of culture, and ruled with almost unlimited sway half of
1564-580: A tight-knit hereditary caste. In the absence of a significant native nobility and enjoying a virtual monopoly on education and wealth within western Ukrainian society, the clergy came to form that group's native aristocracy. The clergy adopted Austria's role for them as bringers of culture and education to the Ukrainian countryside. Most Ukrainian social and political movements in Austrian-controlled territory emerged or were highly influenced by
1656-481: Is a construct applied loosely to rather different societies. Any particular model may not fit a specific society, yet a single definition nevertheless remains desirable. Titles, while often considered central to the upper class, are not strictly so. Both Captain Mark Phillips and Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence , the respective first and second husbands of HRH Princess Anne , lacked any rank of peerage at
1748-465: Is a traditional British social class consisting of gentlemen in the original sense; that is, those who owned land in the form of country estates to such an extent that they were not required to actively work, except in an administrative capacity on their own lands. The estates were often (but not always) made up of tenanted farms , in which case the gentleman could live entirely off rent income. Gentlemen, ranking below esquires and above yeomen, form
1840-530: Is an up-and-coming destination for visitors wanting to gamble, although there are currently only two casinos (both foreign owned), in Singapore. The Marina Bay Sands is the second most expensive standalone casino in the world, at a price of US$ 6.8 billion, and is among the world's ten most expensive buildings . With currently over 1,000 casinos, the United States has the largest number of casinos in
1932-554: Is based on real people and events; however, many of those events are contested by main character Semyon Dukach . Monte Carlo Casino has also been featured in multiple James Bond novels and films. The casino is mentioned in the song " The Man Who Broke the Bank at Monte Carlo " as well as the film of the same name . Casinò di Campione is located in the tiny Italian enclave of Campione d'Italia , within Ticino , Switzerland. The casino
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#17327913354432024-472: Is different. Most casinos do not meet the requirements for certain protective measures, such as protection against airborne metal dusts from coins or hearing protection against high noise levels, though these measures are still implemented when evaluated and determined necessary. Gentry Gentry (from Old French genterie , from gentil ' high-born, noble ' ) are "well-born, genteel and well-bred people" of high social class , especially in
2116-696: Is filled with stories of entertainment based on games of chance. The first known European gambling house, not called a casino although meeting the modern definition, was the Ridotto , established in Venice , Italy, in 1638 by the Great Council of Venice to provide controlled gambling during the carnival season. It was closed in 1774 as the city government felt it was impoverishing the local gentry . In American history, early gambling establishments were known as saloons . The creation and importance of saloons
2208-718: Is often used in English to describe the Polish landed gentry ( Polish : ziemiaństwo, ziemianie , from ziemia , "land"). They were the lesser members of the nobility (the szlachta ), contrasting with the much smaller but more powerful group of "magnate" families (sing. magnat , plural magnaci in Polish), the Magnates of Poland and Lithuania . Compared to the situation in England and some other parts of Europe, these two parts of
2300-485: Is usually divided between a physical security force and a specialized surveillance department. The physical security force usually patrols the casino and responds to calls for assistance and reports of suspicious or definite criminal activity. A specialized surveillance department operates the casino's closed-circuit-television system, known in the industry as the eye in the sky . Both of these specialized casino security departments work very closely with each other to ensure
2392-636: The American Mafia and in Macau by Triad syndicates . According to some police reports, local incidence of reported crime often doubles or triples within three years of a casino's opening. In a 2004 report by the US Department of Justice, researchers interviewed people who had been arrested in Las Vegas and Des Moines and found that the percentage of problem or pathological gamblers among
2484-682: The American upper class in the colonial South. The Colonial American use of gentry was not common. Historians use it to refer to rich landowners in the South before 1776. Typically large scale landowners rented out farms to white tenant farmers. North of Maryland, there were few large comparable rural estates, except in the Dutch domains in the Hudson Valley of New York. The British upper classes consist of two sometimes overlapping entities,
2576-472: The English Civil War of the 17th century. R. H. Tawney had suggested in 1941 that there was a major economic crisis for the nobility in the 16th and 17th centuries, and that the rapidly rising gentry class was demanding a share of power. When the aristocracy resisted, Tawney argued, the gentry launched the civil war. After heated debate, historians generally concluded that the role of the gentry
2668-466: The Indian subcontinent conceived their societies to be ordered (not divided) in a tripartite fashion, the three parts being castes. Castes came to be further divided, perhaps as a result of greater specialisation. The "classic" formulation of the caste system as largely described by Georges Dumézil was that of a priestly or religiously occupied caste, a warrior caste, and a worker caste. Dumézil divided
2760-617: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology , highlights the decision of the audio directors at Silicon Gaming to make its slot machines resonate in "the universally pleasant tone of C, sampling existing casino soundscapes to create a sound that would please but not clash". Alan Hirsch, founder of the Smell & Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago , studied the impact of certain scents on gamblers, discerning that
2852-501: The Proto-Indo-Europeans into three categories: sovereignty , military , and productivity (see Trifunctional hypothesis ). He further subdivided sovereignty into two distinct and complementary sub-parts. One part was formal, juridical, and priestly, but rooted in this world. The other was powerful, unpredictable, and also priestly, but rooted in the "other", the supernatural and spiritual world. The second main division
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2944-544: The Union of Lublin in 1569, they became less distinguishable from Polish szlachta , although preserved Lithuanian national awareness. In Hungary during the late 19th and early 20th century gentry (sometimes spelled as dzsentri ) were nobility without land who often sought employment as civil servants, army officers, or went into politics. In the history of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , "gentry"
3036-467: The United Kingdom , the term gentry refers to the landed gentry : the majority of the land-owning social class who typically had a coat of arms but did not have a peerage . The adjective " patrician " ("of or like a person of high social rank") describes in comparison other analogous traditional social elite strata based in cities, such as the free cities of Italy ( Venice and Genoa ) and
3128-466: The free imperial cities of Germany, Switzerland, and the Hanseatic League . The term "gentry" by itself, so Peter Coss argues, is a construct that historians have applied loosely to rather different societies. Any particular model may not fit a specific society, but some scholars prefer a single, unified term. The Indo-Europeans who settled Europe , Central and Western Asia and
3220-473: The peerage and landed gentry . In the British peerage, only the senior family member (typically the eldest son) inherits a substantive title (duke, marquess, earl, viscount, baron); these are referred to as peers or lords. The rest of the nobility form part of the "landed gentry" (abbreviated "gentry"). The members of the gentry usually bear no titles but can be described as esquire or gentleman. Exceptions are
3312-465: The szlachta , and a few patrician bughers from some cities, were allowed to own rural estates of any size, as part of the very extensive szlachta privileges . These restrictions were reduced or removed after the Partitions of Poland, and commoner landowners began to emerge. By the 19th century, there were at least 60,000 szlachta families, most rather poor, and many no longer owning land. By then
3404-410: The "gentry" included many non-noble landowners. In Spanish nobility and former Portuguese nobility, see hidalgos and infanzones . In Sweden, there was no outright serfdom . Hence, the gentry was a class of well-off citizens that had grown from the wealthier or more powerful members of the peasantry. The two historically legally privileged classes in Sweden were the Swedish nobility ( Adeln ) ,
3496-937: The Christian community—for example, the Crusades , the fight against the Moors in the Iberian Peninsula and against the Ottomans in the Balkans —helped to develop a sense of communal identity against the obstacle of Europe's deep political divisions. The classical heritage flourished throughout the Middle Ages in both the Byzantine Greek East and Latin West . In Plato 's ideal state there are three major classes (producers, auxiliaries and guardians), which
3588-460: The Confucian scholar gentry that would – for the most part – make up most of the bureaucracy. This caste would comprise both the more-or-less hereditary aristocracy as well as the meritocratic scholars that rise through the rank by public service and, later, by imperial exams. Some sources, such as Xunzi , list farmers before the gentry, based on the Confucian view that they directly contributed to
3680-505: The French Revolution), despite there being no legal barriers to land ownership for other social classes. Power began to shift from upper-class landed families to the general population in the early modern age , leading to marital alliances between the two groups, providing the foundation for the modern upper classes in the West. Upper-class landowners in Europe were often also members of the titled nobility, though not necessarily:
3772-514: The Gentry (Frälse), i.e., priests and nobles. The names of these were usually in Swedish, Latin, German or Greek. The adoption of Latin names was first used by the Catholic clergy in the 15th century. The given name was preceded by Herr (Sir), such as Herr Lars, Herr Olof, Herr Hans, followed by a Latinized form of patronymic names, e.g., Lars Petersson Latinized as Laurentius Petri. Starting from
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3864-483: The US's second largest gambling city. Most jurisdictions worldwide have a minimum gambling age of 18 to 21. Customers gamble by playing games of chance , in some cases with an element of skill, such as craps , roulette , baccarat , blackjack , and video poker . Most games have mathematically determined odds that ensure the house has at all times an advantage over the players. This can be expressed more precisely by
3956-453: The United States say that a player staking money won from the casino is "playing with the house's money". Video lottery machines ( slot machines ) have become one of the most popular forms of gambling in casinos. As of 2011 investigative reports have started calling into question whether the modern-day slot-machine is addictive. Factors influencing gambling tendencies include sound, odour and lighting. Natasha Dow Schüll, an anthropologist at
4048-749: The West, but there was a central ecclesiastical power in Rome, the Catholic Church. In this power vacuum, the Church rose to become the dominant power in the West for the start of this time period. In essence, the earliest vision of Christendom was a vision of a Christian theocracy , a government founded upon and upholding Christian values , whose institutions are spread through and over with Christian doctrine . The Catholic Church 's peak of authority over all European Christians and their common endeavours of
4140-405: The arrestees was three to five times higher than in the general population. It has been said that economic studies showing a positive relationship between casinos and crime usually fail to consider the visiting population: they count crimes committed by visitors but do not count visitors in the population measure, which overstates the crime rate. Part of the reason this methodology is used, despite
4232-452: The biggest casino operator companies worldwide amounted to almost US$ 55 billion in 2011. SJM Holdings Ltd. was the leading company in this field, earning $ 9.7 bn in 2011, followed by Las Vegas Sands Corp. at $ 7.4 bn. The third-biggest casino operator company (based on revenue) was Caesars Entertainment , with revenue of US$ 6.2 bn. While there are casinos in many places, a few places have become well known specifically for gambling. Perhaps
4324-433: The bishops and the vicars, who formed the clerical upper class, would frequently have manors similar to those of other country gentry. Hence continued the medieval Church legacy of the intermingling between noble class and clerical upper class and the intermarriage as the distinctive element in several Nordic countries after the Reformation. Surnames in Sweden can be traced to the 15th century, when they were first used by
4416-642: The cards they are holding in their hands visible at all times. Over the past few decades, casinos have developed many different marketing techniques for attracting and maintaining loyal patrons. Many casinos use a loyalty rewards program used to track players' spending habits and target their patrons more effectively, by sending mailings with free slot play and other promotions. Casino Helsinki in Helsinki , Finland, for example, donates all of its profits to charity. Casinos have been linked to organised crime , with early casinos in Las Vegas originally dominated by
4508-437: The clergy themselves or by their children. This influence was so great that western Ukrainians were accused of wanting to create a theocracy in western Ukraine by their Polish rivals. The central role played by the Ukrainian clergy or their children in western Ukrainian society would weaken somewhat at the end of the 19th century but would continue until the mid-20th century. The American gentry were rich landowning members of
4600-465: The contrary supplied by the warlike Middle Ages, the ecclesiastical calling has by its very nature never been strictly compatible with the bearing of arms. The precept that exhorts the Church to abhor bloodshed has never dropped completely out of sight, and in relatively tranquil and orderly times it has always been very much to the fore. The fundamental social structure in Europe in the Middle Ages
4692-467: The eldest sons of peers, who bear their fathers' inferior titles as "courtesy titles" (but for Parliamentary purposes count as commoners), Scottish barons (who bear the designation Baron of X after their name) and baronets (a title corresponding to a hereditary knighthood). Scottish lairds do not have a title of nobility but may have a description of their lands in the form of a territorial designation that forms part of their name. The landed gentry
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#17327913354434784-598: The emancipation, both social and national, of the Estonians and Latvians were not taken seriously by the Baltic German gentry. The provisional government of Russia after 1917 revolution gave the Estonians and Latvians self-governance which meant the end of the Baltic German era in Baltics. The Lithuanian gentry consisted mainly of Lithuanians , but due to strong ties to Poland, had been culturally Polonized. After
4876-533: The fact that Clerical celibacy functioned as a spiritual discipline it also was guarantor of the independence of the Church. the Catholic Church has always aspired to a preponderant share in political power, it has never been able to monopolize it entirely, because of two traits, chiefly, that are basic in its structure. Celibacy has generally been required of the clergy and of monks. Therefore no real dynasties of abbots and bishops have ever been able to establish themselves. ... Secondly, in spite of numerous examples to
4968-589: The grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo , and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports. Examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia , and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island . In modern-day Italian, a casino is a brothel (also called casa chiusa , literally "closed house"), a mess (confusing situation), or
5060-633: The historic casino located at the princely residence of Dragonara . Dragonara Palace was built in 1870. Its name comes from the Dragonara Point, the peninsula where it is built. On 15 July 1964, the palace opened as a casino. The former Portuguese colony of Macau , a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China since 1999, is a popular destination for visitors who wish to gamble. This started in Portuguese times, when Macau
5152-403: The imposition of taxes, or obtaining of other revenue. In 2007, the casino moved into new premises of more than 55,000 square metres (590,000 sq ft), making it the largest casino in Europe. The new casino was built alongside the old one, which dated from 1933 and has since been demolished. The archipelago of Malta is a particularly famous place for casinos, standing out mainly with
5244-438: The largest concentration of casinos in the United States. Based on revenue, Atlantic City, New Jersey , ranks second, and the Chicago region third. Top American casino markets by revenue (2022 annual revenues): The Nevada Gaming Control Board divides Clark County , which is coextensive with the Las Vegas metropolitan area, into seven market regions for reporting purposes. Native American gaming has been responsible for
5336-533: The largest private investment in Pickering's history. 60% of Pickering residents voted in favor of the development. According to Universal City Condominiums, a condo developer near the resort development site, Pickering Casino Resort will include "A World-Class Casino, Year-Round Indoor Waterpark, A Giant Amphitheatre (capacity of 16,000), State-of-the-Art Cinemas and Film Studio, A Five Star Restaurant Strip, Three Luxury Hotels, Shopping Mall, A Fitness Centre and Spa,
5428-443: The late eighteenth until the mid-20th centuries, following the reforms instituted by Joseph II, Emperor of Austria . Because, like their Eastern Orthodox brethren, Ukrainian Catholic priests could marry, they were able to establish "priestly dynasties", often associated with specific regions, for many generations. Numbering approximately 2,000–2,500 by the 19th century, priestly families tended to marry within their group, constituting
5520-520: The lowest rank of British nobility. It is the lowest rank to which the descendants of a Knight, Baronet or Peer can sink. Strictly speaking, anybody with officially matriculated English or Scottish arms is a gentleman and thus noble. The term landed gentry , although originally used to mean nobility, came to be used for the lesser nobility in England around 1540. Once identical, these terms eventually became complementary. The term gentry by itself, as commonly used by historians, according to Peter Coss ,
5612-480: The magnitude of investment and effects on zoning bylaws. The first phase of the development, the casino, was opened to the general public on July 26, 2021. Casino Casino is of Italian origin; the root casa means a house. The term casino may mean a small country villa , summerhouse , or social club . During the 19th century, casino came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on
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#17327913354435704-751: The middle of the 1860s the privileged position of Baltic Germans in the Russian Empire began to waver. Already during the reign of Nicholas I (1825–55), who was under pressure from Russian nationalists, some sporadic steps had been taken towards the russification of the provinces. Later, the Baltic Germans faced fierce attacks from the Russian nationalist press, which accused the Baltic aristocracy of separatism, and advocated closer linguistic and administrative integration with Russia. Social division
5796-422: The monarch, rise of state, rise of professional standing armies, professional bureaucracies, the codification of state laws, and the rise of ideologies that justify the absolutist monarchy. Hence, Absolutism was made possible by innovations and characterized as a phenomenon of Early Modern Europe , rather than that of the Middle Ages, where the clergy and nobility counterbalanced as a result of mutual rivalry. From
5888-504: The most powerful continent on the globe. The clergy, like Plato's guardians, were placed in authority ... by their talent as shown in ecclesiastical studies and administration, by their disposition to a life of meditation and simplicity, and ... by the influence of their relatives with the powers of state and church. In the latter half of the period in which they ruled [800 BC onwards], the clergy were as free from family cares as even Plato could desire [for such guardians] ... [Clerical] Celibacy
5980-505: The nobility (very favored prefixes were Adler, "eagle"; Ehren – "ära", "honor"; Silfver, "silver"; and Gyllen, "golden"). The regular difference with Britain was that it became the new surname of the whole house, and the old surname was dropped altogether. The Western Ukrainian Clergy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church were a hereditary tight-knit social caste that dominated western Ukrainian society from
6072-405: The notion of expected value , which is uniformly negative (from the player's perspective). This advantage is called the house edge . In games such as poker where players play against each other, the house takes a commission called the rake . Casinos sometimes give out complimentary items or comps to gamblers. Payout is the percentage of funds ("winnings") returned to players. Casinos in
6164-461: The overall "nobility" to a large extent operated as different classes, and were often in conflict. After the Partitions of Poland , at least in the stereotypes of 19th-century nationalist lore, the magnates often made themselves at home in the capitals and courts of the partitioning powers, while the gentry remained on their estates, keeping the national culture alive. From the 15th century, only
6256-450: The overstatement, is that reliable data on tourist count are often not available. Casinos are subject to specific regulations for worker safety, as casino employees are both at greater risk for cancers resulting from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke and musculoskeletal injuries from repetitive motions while running table games over many hours. These are not the extent of the hazards casino workers may be exposed to, but every location
6348-443: The past. Gentry , in its widest connotation, refers to people of good social position connected to landed estates (see manorialism ), upper levels of the clergy , or "gentle" families of long descent who in some cases never obtained the official right to bear a coat of arms . The gentry largely consisted of landowners who could live entirely from rental income or at least had a country estate ; some were gentleman farmers . In
6440-536: The place almost defined by its casino is Monte Carlo, but other places are known as gambling centers. Monte Carlo Casino , located in Monte Carlo city, in Monaco , is a casino and a tourist attraction. Monte Carlo Casino has been depicted in many books, including Ben Mezrich 's Busting Vegas , where a group of Massachusetts Institute of Technology students beat the casino out of nearly $ 1 million. This book
6532-607: The prevalence of titles of nobility varied widely from country to country. Some upper classes were almost entirely untitled, for example, the Szlachta of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Before the Age of Absolutism , institutions, such as the church, legislatures, or social elites, restrained monarchical power. Absolutism was characterized by the ending of feudal partitioning, consolidation of power with
6624-765: The priesthood class, like in India. Emperor Constantine convoked the First Council of Nicaea in 325 whose Nicene Creed included belief in "one holy catholic and apostolic Church". Emperor Theodosius I made Nicene Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire with the Edict of Thessalonica of 380 that allowed it to happen. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, there emerged no single powerful secular government in
6716-420: The respondents believed that such activities contribute positively to Vietnam's ability to attract investments. Given the large amounts of currency handled within a casino, both patrons and staff may be tempted to cheat and steal, in collusion or independently; most casinos have security measures to prevent this. Security cameras located throughout the casino are the most basic measure. Modern casino security
6808-596: The safety of both guests and the casino's assets, and have been quite successful in preventing crime. Some casinos also have catwalks in the ceiling above the casino floor, which allow surveillance personnel to look directly down, through one way glass, on the activities at the tables and slot machines. When it opened in 1989, The Mirage was the first casino to use cameras full-time on all table games. In addition to cameras and other technological measures, casinos also enforce security through rules of conduct and behavior; for example, players at card games are required to keep
6900-402: The second estate or as in the case of Cardinal Wolsey , from more humble backgrounds. The second estate was the nobility. Being wealthy or influential did not automatically make one a noble, and not all nobles were wealthy and influential (aristocratic families have lost their fortunes in various ways, and the concept of the "poor nobleman" is almost as old as nobility itself). Countries without
6992-415: The surname on its own. This usage was devised in 1917, derived from the practice, up to the 17th century (and still also in legal proceedings), for the wife of a knight. The wife of a knight or baronet is now styled " Lady [husband's surname]". The " Storm over the gentry " was a major historiographical debate among scholars that took place in the 1940s and 1950s regarding the role of the gentry in causing
7084-448: The term has often been extended (albeit only in very formal writing) to all men without any higher title. It is used post-nominally, usually in abbreviated form (for example, "Thomas Smith, Esq."). A knight could refer to either a medieval tenant who gave military service as a mounted man-at-arms to a feudal landholder, or a medieval gentleman-soldier, usually high-born, raised by a sovereign to privileged military status after training as
7176-457: The time of the Reformation, the Latinized form of their birthplace ( Laurentius Petri Gothus , from Östergötland) became a common naming practice for the clergy. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the surname was only rarely the original family name of the ennobled; usually, a more imposing new name was chosen. This was a period which produced a myriad of two-word Swedish-language family names for
7268-540: The time of their marriage to Princess Anne. However, the backgrounds of both men were considered to be essentially patrician, and they were thus deemed suitable husbands for a princess. Esquire (abbreviated Esq.) is a term derived from the Old French word "escuier" (which also gave equerry) and is in the United Kingdom the second-lowest designation for a nobleman, referring only to males, and used to denote
7360-443: The world. The number continues to grow steadily as more states seek to legalize casinos. 40 states now have some form of casino gambling. Interstate competition, such as gaining tourism, has been a driving factor to continuous legalization. Relatively small places such as Las Vegas are best known for gambling; larger cities such as Chicago are not defined by their casinos in spite of the large turnover. The Las Vegas Valley has
7452-584: Was based on the dominance of the Baltic Germans which formed the upper classes while the majority of indigenous population, called "Undeutsch", composed the peasantry. In the Imperial census of 1897, 98,573 Germans (7.58% of total population) lived in the Governorate of Livonia , 51,017 (7.57%) in the Governorate of Curonia, and 16,037 (3.89%) in the Governorate of Estonia . The social changes faced by
7544-507: Was between the ecclesiastical hierarchy , nobles i.e. the tenants in chivalry (counts, barons, knights, esquires, franklins ) and the ignobles, the villeins , citizens, and burgesses . The division of society into classes of nobles and ignobles, in the smaller regions of medieval Europe was inexact. After the Protestant Reformation , social intermingling between the noble class and the hereditary clerical upper class became
7636-588: Was connected with the use of force, the military , and war. Finally, there was a third group, ruled by the other two, whose role was productivity: herding, farming, and crafts . This system of caste roles can be seen in the castes which flourished on the Indian subcontinent and amongst the Italic peoples . Examples of the Indo-European castes: Kings were born out of the warrior or noble class, and sometimes
7728-519: Was founded in 1917 as a site to gather information from foreign diplomats during the First World War. Today it is owned by the Italian government, and operated by the municipality. With gambling laws being less strict than in Italy and Switzerland, it is among the most popular gambling destination besides Monte Carlo. The income from the casino is sufficient for the operation of Campione without
7820-541: Was greatly influenced by four major cities: New Orleans , St. Louis , Chicago and San Francisco . It was in the saloons that travelers could find people to talk to, drink with, and often gamble with. During the early 20th century in the US, gambling was outlawed by state legislation. However, in 1931, gambling was legalized throughout the state of Nevada , where the US's first legalized casinos were set up. In 1976 New Jersey allowed gambling in Atlantic City , now
7912-496: Was not especially important. The 'four divisions of society' refers to the model of society in ancient China and was a meritocratic social class system in China and other subsequently influenced Confucian societies. The four castes—gentry, farmers, artisans and merchants—are combined to form the term Shìnónggōngshāng (士農工商). Gentry (士) means different things in different countries. In China, Korea, and Vietnam, this meant that
8004-402: Was not much movement across class boundaries. This is to say that it was much harder for an individual to move up in class simply because of the structure of society. In many countries, the term upper class was intimately associated with hereditary land ownership and titles. Political power was often in the hands of the landowners in many pre-industrial societies (which was one of the causes of
8096-476: Was part of the psychological structure of the power of the clergy; for on the one hand they were unimpeded by the narrowing egoism of the family, and on the other their apparent superiority to the call of the flesh added to the awe in which lay sinners held them. ... Gaetano Mosca wrote on the same subject matter in his book The Ruling Class concerning the Medieval Church and its structure that Beyond
8188-460: Was particularly characteristic of France: At the top of the pyramid were the princes and estates of the king or emperor, or with the clergy, the bishops and the pope. The feudal system was, for the people of the Middle Ages and early modern period, fitted into a God-given order. The nobility and the third estate were born into their class, and change in social position was slow. Wealth had little influence on what estate one belonged to. The exception
8280-443: Was popular with visitors from nearby Hong Kong , where gambling was more closely regulated. The Venetian Macao is currently the largest casino in the world. Macau also surpassed Las Vegas as the largest gambling market in the world. Machine-based gaming is only permitted in land-based casinos, restaurants, bars and gaming halls, and only subject to a licence. Online slots are, at the moment, only permitted if they are operated under
8372-493: Was representative of the idea of the " tripartite soul ", which is expressive of three functions or capacities of the human soul: "appetites" (or "passions"), "the spirited element" and "reason" the part that must guide the soul to truth. Will Durant made the case that certain prominent features of Plato's ideal community were discernible in the organization, dogma and effectiveness of "the" Medieval Church in Europe: For
8464-409: Was the Medieval Church, which was the only institution where competent men (and women) of merit could reach, in one lifetime, the highest positions in society. The first estate comprised the entire clergy, traditionally divided into "higher" and "lower" clergy. Although there was no formal demarcation between the two categories, the upper clergy were, effectively, clerical nobility, from the families of
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