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81-660: Dybbøl is a small town with a population of 2,357 (1 January 2024) in the southeastern corner of South Jutland , Denmark. It is located around 6 km (3.7 mi) west of Sønderborg . It is mainly known for being the site of a famous last stand battle in 1864 . During the Second Schleswig War in 1864, the Danish Army withdrew from the traditional fortified defence line, the Dannevirke (after waters and marshes which supported its flanks froze solid in

162-554: A district of Stormarn northeast of Hamburg in Schleswig-Holstein. But this district does not cover the entire area of the historic region of Stormarn, and while those parts of Stormarn now lying in Schleswig-Holstein are nowadays considered parts of Holstein, the areas of Stormarn today in the city-state of Hamburg, are not. The bulk of the southernmost areas of the Jutland peninsula belongs to Holstein , stretching from

243-759: A defensive wall stretching from present-day Schleswig and inland halfway across the Jutland Peninsula. The pagan Saxons inhabited the southernmost part of the peninsula, adjoining the Baltic Sea, until the Saxon Wars in 772–804 in the Nordic Iron Age , when Charlemagne violently subdued them and forced them to be Christianised. Old Saxony was politically absorbed into the Carolingian Empire and Abodrites (or Obotrites ),

324-488: A frugal childhood. The very urban Kierkegaard visited his sombre ancestral lands in 1840, then a very traditional society. Writers like Steen Steensen Blicher (1782-1848) and H.C. Andersen (1805–1875) were among the first writers to find genuine inspiration in local Jutlandic culture and present it with affection and non-prejudice. Blicher was of Jutish origin and, soon after his pioneering work, many other writers followed with stories and tales set in Jutland and written in

405-612: A group of Wendish Slavs who pledged allegiance to Charlemagne and who had for the most part converted to Christianity , were moved into the area to populate it. Old Saxony was later referred to as Holstein . In medieval times, Jutland was regulated by the Law Code of Jutland ( Jyske Lov ). This civic code covered the Danish part of the Jutland Peninsula, i.e., north of the Eider (river) , Funen as well as Fehmarn . Part of this area

486-497: A hard winter), and marched for Dybbøl to find a more defensible position. Although much artillery was abandoned and the evacuation was executed through a snow-laden north gale in winter, the army arrived almost intact. It entrenched itself at the Dybbøl trenches, which became the scene of the siege and subsequent Battle of Dybbøl (7 April – 18 April 1864). This battle resulted in a Prussian - Austrian victory over Denmark. In

567-521: A number of smaller towns, make up the suggested East Jutland metropolitan area , which is more densely populated than the rest of Jutland, although far from forming one consistent city. 1. Hamburg (boroughs north of the Elbe ) 1,667,035 2. Kiel 247,717 3. Lübeck 218,095 4. Flensburg 92,550 5. Norderstedt 81,880 6. Neumünster 79,502 7. Elmshorn 50,772 8. Pinneberg 44,279 9. Wedel 34,538 10. Ahrensburg 34,509 Geologically ,

648-545: A significant cultural border until this day, also reflected in differences between the West and East Jutlandic dialect. When the industrialisation began in the 19th century, the social order was upheaved and with it the focus of the intelligentsia and the educated changed as well. Søren Kierkegaard (1818–1855) grew up in Copenhagen as the son of a stern and religious West Jutlandic wool merchant who had worked his way up from

729-465: A visit by King Christian X on the 11. July 1920. A massive party was held while the king visited in the 10th redoubt in the newer German trenches. This redoubt would later become known as Kongeskansen (The Royal Redoubt). Around 50.000 people were present for the celebrations, along with the King and the entire royal Danish family. The climax of the celebrations were the handing over of an old Dannebrog to

810-667: A whole is called Østersøen and Ostsee , respectively. The peninsula's land border in the southeast and south is constituted by a string of several rivers and lakes: from the mouth of the Trave at Lübeck - Travemünde up to the mouth of the Wakenitz into the Trave (in Lübeck), from there up the Wakenitz until its outflow from lake Ratzeburger See , then through lake Kleiner Küchensee to

891-524: Is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and part of northern Germany ( Schleswig-Holstein ). It stretches from the Grenen spit in the north to the confluence of the Elbe and the Sude in the southeast. The historic southern border river of Jutland as a cultural-geographical region, which historically also included Southern Schleswig , is the Eider . The peninsula, on

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972-529: Is adjacent to South Jutland in the south. South Jutland stretches between Sønderjylland in the south, and the border between the two administrative regions of Southern Denmark and Central Jutland in the north. West Jutland ( Vestjylland ) is the central western part of Northern Jutland. It lies between Blåvandshuk in the south, and the Nissum Bredning in the north. It is north of South Jutland and west of East Jutland. East Jutland ( Østjylland )

1053-581: Is also known as Northern Schleswig ( Danish : Nordslesvig , German : Nordschleswig ). The name refers specifically to the southernmost 50 kilometers (31 mi) of the Danish part of the Jutland Peninsula that formerly belonged to the former Duchy of Schleswig ( Danish : Slesvig or Sønderjylland ), a Danish fief under the Kings of Denmark. Denmark lost the Duchy of Schleswig , as well as

1134-690: Is also the largest lake on the whole Jutland peninsula), Selenter See , Kellersee , Dieksee , Lanker See , Behler See , Postsee , Kleiner Plöner See , Großer Eutiner See , and the Stocksee. One of the world's most frequented artificial waterways, the Kiel Canal , runs through the Jutland peninsula in Holstein, connecting the North Sea at Brunsbüttel to the Baltic at Kiel - Holtenau . The Eider

1215-571: Is characterised by the Wadden Sea , a large unique international coastal region stretching through Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands. The peninsula's longest river is the Eider , that rises close to the Baltic but flows in the direction of the North Sea due to a moraine, while the Gudenå is the longest river of Denmark. In order for ships not having to go around the whole peninsula to reach

1296-521: Is derived from the national coat of arms of Denmark . The inspiration for the Dannebrog pennant was a 13th-century seal used by Erik Abelsøn , Duke of Schleswig . 55°02′40″N 9°24′52″E  /  55.04444°N 9.41444°E  / 55.04444; 9.41444 Jutland Jutland ( Danish : Jylland [ˈjyˌlænˀ] , Jyske Halvø or Cimbriske Halvø ; German : Jütland , Kimbrische Halbinsel or Jütische Halbinsel )

1377-669: Is no historical census, it is estimated that the percentage of ethnic Germans in Northern Schleswig was less than the 25% that had voted for remaining in Germany. From 1920 to 1939, Johannes Schmidt-Vodder was elected as the sole ethnic German representative in the Danish Parliament with consistently 13 to 15% of the North Schleswig votes, providing an indication of the actual percentage of ethnic Germans in

1458-406: Is now in Germany. During the industrialisation of the 1800s, Jutland experienced a large and accelerating urbanisation and many people from the countryside chose to emigrate. Among the reasons was a high and accelerating population growth; in the course of the century, the Danish population grew two and a half times to about 2.5 million in 1901, with a million people added in the last part of

1539-663: Is the central eastern part of Northern Jutland. It lies between Skærbæk on the Kolding Fjord in the south, and the end of the Mariager Fjord in the north. Aarhus , the largest city completely on the Jutland peninsula, is in East Jutland. The concept of Central Jutland ( Midtjylland ) is of recent date, since a few decades ago it was usual to divide Northern Jutland into the traditional East and West Jutland (in addition to North and South Jutland), only. However,

1620-480: Is the longest river of the Jutland peninsula. Holstein is one of the most populated subregions of the Jutland peninsula because of the densely populated area around Hamburg, which in large parts lies in Holstein. Between the Eider and the Danish-German border stretches Southern Schleswig . Notable subregions of Southern Schleswig are the peninsula of Eiderstedt and North Frisia on the North Sea side, and

1701-705: The Ecclesiastical History . This is also supported by the archaeological record, with extensive Jutish finds in Kent from the fifth and sixth centuries . Saxons and Frisii migrated to the region in the early part of the Christian era. To protect themselves from invasion by the Christian Frankish emperors, beginning in the 5th century , the pagan Danes initiated the Danevirke ,

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1782-481: The Cimbric Chersonese was the home of Teutons , Cimbri , and Charudes . Many Angles , Saxons and Jutes migrated from Continental Europe to Great Britain starting around 450 AD. The Angles gave their name to the new emerging kingdoms called England (i.e., "Angle-land"). The Kingdom of Kent in south east England is associated with Jutish origins and migration , also attributed by Bede in

1863-590: The Danevirke , runs through Southern Schleswig, overcoming the drainage divide between Baltic ( Schlei ) and North Sea ( Rheider Au ). At the Baltic end of the Danevirke is Hedeby , a former important Viking town. Between the Danish-German border and the Kongeå lies Southern Jutland (the South Jutland County ), historically also known as Northern Schleswig. Northern and Southern Schleswig once formed

1944-683: The First World War . However, an estimated 5,000 Danes living in North Slesvig were killed serving in the German army. The 1916 Battle of Jutland was fought in the North Sea west of Jutland. Denmark had declared itself neutral, but was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany within a few hours on 9 April 1940. Scattered fighting took place in South Jutland and in Copenhagen. Sixteen Danish soldiers were killed. Some months before

2025-550: The Geesthacht barrage east of Hamburg , where the tide-dependent estuary of the Elbe begins. Travemünde → Trave → Wakenitz → Ratzeburger See →Kleiner Küchensee→Großer Küchensee→Schaalsee canal→Salemer See→Pipersee→Phulsee→ Schaalsee → Schaale → Sude → Elbe at Boizenburg →beginning of the estuary of the Elbe at the Geesthacht barrage Lauenburg is the southeasternmost area of Schleswig-Holstein . It exists administratively as

2106-508: The Geesthacht barrage east of Hamburg , which is defined as the point where the Lower Elbe ( Unterelbe ) and the estuary of the Elbe, that are subject to the tides, begin. The part of the Baltic Sea the peninsula is bounded by is referred to as da:Bælthavet in Danish and de:Beltsee in German, a designation deriving from the Great , Little , and Fehmarn belts, while the Baltic Sea as

2187-514: The German minority openly sided with Germany and volunteered for German military service. While some Danes initially feared a border revision, the German occupational force did not pursue the issue. In a judicial aftermath after the end of the war, many members of the German minority were convicted, and German schools were confiscated by Danish authorities. There were some instances of Danish mob attacks against German-minded citizens. In December 1945,

2268-734: The German occupation of Denmark during the Second World War . The mill in Dybbøl became a monument for the Danish-speaking part of Dybbøl, however, which was the majority at the time. Dybbøl went so far as to become the subject of several poems by the Danish poet Holger Drachmann . The German Empire also rebuilt the trench system in Dybbøl by making it much bigger and more expansive. The additional reinforcements would never be used, however, as Denmark did not participate in World War I. The newer fortifications are still visible at

2349-745: The Kattegat , and Als at the rim of the Baltic Sea , are administratively and historically tied to Jutland, although the latter two are also regarded as traditional districts of their own. Inhabitants of Als, known as Alsinger , would agree to be South Jutlanders, but not necessarily Jutlanders. The largest North Sea islands off the Jutish coast are the Danish Wadden Sea Islands including Rømø , Fanø , and Mandø in Denmark, and

2430-533: The Lauenburg Lakes Nature Park . Hamburg is its own city-state and does not belong to Schleswig-Holstein. The north elbish districts of Hamburg that are on the Jutland peninsula are historically part of the region of Stormarn . The former border rivers of Stormarn are the Stör and Krückau in the northwest, the Trave and Bille in the east, and the Elbe in the south. There exists also

2511-729: The Mid Jutland Region and the North Jutland Region as well as the Capital Region of Denmark are located in the north of Denmark which is rising because of post-glacial rebound . Some circular depressions in Jutland may be remnants of collapsed pingos that developed during the Last Ice Age . Jutland has historically been one of the three lands of Denmark , the other two being Scania and Zealand . Before that, according to Ptolemy , Jutland or

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2592-504: The North Frisian Islands including Sylt , Föhr , Amrum and Pellworm in Germany. On the German islands, some North Frisian dialects are still in use. Administratively, the Jutland peninsula belongs to three German states and three Danish regions: The ten largest cities on the Jutland peninsula are: Aarhus , Silkeborg , Billund , Randers , Kolding , Horsens , Vejle , Fredericia and Haderslev , along with

2673-479: The North Jutlandic Island (Danish: Nørrejyske Ø or Vendsyssel-Thy ). Northern Jutland is traditionally subdivided into South Jutland ( Sydjylland ), West Jutland ( Vestjylland ), East Jutland ( Østjylland ), and North Jutland ( Nordjylland ). More recent is the designation Central Jutland ( Midtjylland ) for parts of traditionally West and East Jutish areas. Subregions of Northern Jutland include

2754-666: The North Jutlandic Island . The storm breach of Agger Tange created the Agger Channel, and another storm in 1862 created the Thyborøn Channel close by. The channels made it possible for ships to shortcut the Skagerrak Sea . The Agger Channel closed up again over the years, due to natural siltation , but the Thyborøn Channel widened and was fortified and secured in 1875. Denmark was neutral during

2835-474: The 1800s. This growth was not caused by an increase in the fertility rate , but by better nutrition, sanitation, hygiene, and health care services. More children survived, and people lived longer and healthier lives. Combined with falling grain prices on the international markets because of the Long Depression , and better opportunities in the cities due to an increasing industrialisation, many people in

2916-513: The Baltic and the North Sea, canals were built across the Jutland Peninsula, including the Eider Canal in the late 18th century, and the Kiel Canal , completed in 1895 and still in use. In 1825, a severe North Sea storm on the west coast of Jutland breached the isthmus of Agger Tange in the Limfjord area, separating the northern part of Jutland from the mainland and effectively creating

2997-635: The Baltic, the Kiel Canal , the world's busiest artificial waterway, that crosses the peninsula in the south, has been constructed. Jutland is connected to Funen by the Old and New Little Belt Bridge , and Funen in turn is connected to Zealand and Copenhagen by the Great Belt Bridge . Jutland is known by several different names, depending on the language and era, including German : Jütland [ˈjyːtlant] ; Old English : Ēota land [ˈeːotɑˌlɑnd] , known anciently as

3078-583: The Cimbric Peninsula or Cimbrian Peninsula ( Latin : Cimbricus Chersonesus ; Danish: den Cimbriske Halvø or den Jyske Halvø ; German: Kimbrische Halbinsel or Jütische Halbinsel ). The names are derived from the Jutes and the Cimbri , respectively. The Jutland peninsula reaches from the sandbar spit of Grenen on the North Jutlandic Island in the north, to the banks of the Elbe in

3159-515: The Danes. During the bombardment, the Prussians worked to dig their own trenches towards the Danish ones as part of their assault preparations. On 18 April at 10:00, the Prussians assaulted the Danish trench system after six hours of continual bombardment, with more than 8,000 shells falling on the Danish trenches. The assault was successful, and the Danish forces had to fall back to Als . After

3240-741: The Danish defeat in the Second Schleswig War, the resulting Treaty of Vienna meant that Dybbøl was now German territory as part of Prussia's conquest of the Duchy of Schleswig. After the Unification of Germany , the German Empire erected a large monument, the Düppel Denkmal. It became a tourist attraction for Germans all the way until the First World War . The monument would be destroyed in 1945 by Danish rebels during

3321-648: The Dybbøl Mill became temporary military headquarters, a role that the owners of the mill (a married couple) were famously happy to fulfil, to the point of that they were honoured by veterans of the later battle at their wedding anniversary a century later. On 15 March, the Prussian forces arrived at Dybbøl as part of their larger advance in Jutland . They began a month-long bombardment of the position, which could do with impunity as they had rifled cannons , unlike

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3402-412: The Dybbøl Museum. In 1914, right before the advent of the First World War, the German Empire celebrated the anniversary of its victory at Als. The celebrations were held at the newly-constructed trench system at Dybbøl, where about 2,000 war veterans from both Germany and Austria-Hungary attended, along with the Emperor's brother, Prince Heinrich . That would be the last German celebration in Dybbøl, as

3483-399: The East Jutish cultural area. A new meaning of Central Jutland is the entire area between North and South Jutland, corresponding roughly to the Central Jutland Region . While the term Northern Jutland (Danish: Nørrejylland ) refers to the whole region between Kongeå and Grenen , North Jutland (Danish: Nordjylland ) only refers to the northernmost part of Northern Jutland, and encompasses

3564-411: The Elbe in the south to the Eider in the north. Subregions of Holstein are Dithmarschen on the North Sea side, Stormarn at the centre, and Wagria on the Baltic side. There is an area in Holstein called Holstein Switzerland because of its comparable higher hills. The largest amount of lakes on the Jutland peninsula can be found in Holstein, the ten largest lakes being the Großer Plöner See (which

3645-416: The German Duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg , to Prussia and Austria in 1864 in the Second War of Schleswig . Following Austria's defeat in the Austro-Prussian War (1866), all three provinces were annexed to Prussia. After the October Revolution in Russia, Workers' and Soldiers' Councils were organized all over Germany following the example of soviets in revolutionary Russia. South Jutland

3726-424: The German transfers of territory after World War I that the Nazis did not dispute. A small ethnic German minority still lives in South Jutland county, predominantly in and near the towns of Tønder and Aabenraa ( German : Tondern and Apenrade ). A relatively larger Dane minority lives in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. As reconstituted in 1970, South Jutland County had slightly different borders to

3807-430: The area gained from Germany in 1920: the towns of Hejle, Taps and Vejstrup (which were Danish throughout the period 1864 to 1920) were included in its jurisdiction, whereas Spandet, Roager and Hviding (German from 1864 to 1920) were included in the neighbouring 1970–2006 county of Ribe . The coat of arms of South Jutland County was designed in 1980 and is derived from the historic coat of arms of Schleswig which in turn

3888-489: The countryside relocated to larger towns or emigrated. In the later half of the century, around 300,000 Danes, mainly unskilled labourers from rural areas, emigrated to the US or Canada. This amounted to more than 10% of the then total population, but some areas had an even higher emigration rate. In 1850, the largest Jutland towns of Aalborg, Aarhus and Randers had no more than about 8,000 inhabitants each; by 1901, Aarhus had grown to 51,800 citizens. To speed transit between

3969-403: The district of Herzogtum Lauenburg ( Duchy of Lauenburg ), the surface of which is equal to the territory of the former Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg , which historically did not belong to Holstein. The Duchy of Lauenburg existed since 1296, and when it was absorbed by the Kingdom of Prussia and became part of the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein in 1876, the new district was allowed to keep

4050-408: The farmers of Western Jutland were mostly free owners of their own land or leasing it from the Crown, although under frugal conditions. Most of the less fertile and sparsely populated land of Western Jutland was never feudalised. East Jutland was more similar to Eastern Denmark in this respect. The north–south ridge forming the border between the fertile eastern hills and sandy western plains has been

4131-400: The first serfs to buy their land and to become independent when Conrad Georg Reventlow started to sell his property after the lifting of the Stavnsbånd . Conrad Georg was one of the first lords to do so, which made Dybbøl home of some of the first self-bought free peasants in Denmark. During the First Schleswig War, Dybbøl was used as a flanking position for the Danes in case of an attack from

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4212-402: The following peace settlement, Denmark surrendered Schleswig . Following World War I, Denmark recovered the northern part of Schleswig as a result of the Schleswig Plebiscites as described in the Treaty of Versailles . The Dybbøl Mill is considered a Danish national symbol. Dybbøl has gone under a myriad of names throughout history, but it is theorized to have started as Dyttis Bol ; after

4293-456: The founder Dytti, with Bol being an old Danish word for a single farm. The name would later evolve into its first written form, Duttebul , as recorded in a Schleswig tax registry from 1352. This name would be used for many years, until the T's started to get dropped, leading to the words eventual change to Dyppell in, for example, Johannes Mejer's atlas . The name would continue to evolve in this trend, eventually changing out Bol/Bel in favour of

4374-470: The homestead dialect. Many of these writers are often referred to as the Jutland Movement , artistically connected through their engagement with public social realism of the Jutland region. The Golden Age painters also found inspiration and motives in the natural beauty of Jutland, including P. C. Skovgaard , Dankvart Dreyer , and art collective of the Skagen Painters . Writer Evald Tang Kristensen (1843-1929) collected and published extensive accounts on

4455-399: The invasion, Germany had considered only occupying the northern tip of Jutland with Aalborg airfield, but Jutland as a whole was soon regarded as of high strategic importance. Work commenced on extending the Atlantic Wall along the entire west coast of the peninsula. Its task was to resist a potential allied attack on Germany by landing on the west coast of Jutland. The Hanstholm fortress at

4536-407: The king by a veteran of the Battle of Dybbøl. Dybbøl continues to be a symbol of pride in Denmark, with it often being associated with a heroic last stand, similar to the Alamo in American conscience. Therefore, the entire town and most of the surrounding area have gradually become protected area, and it is illegal to disturb the trenches, mill and surrounding area. The most notable institution in

4617-597: The largest part of Himmerland , the northernmost part of Crown Jutland ( Kronjylland ), the island of Mors ( Morsø ), and Jutland north of the Limfjord (the North Jutlandic Island , which is subdivided into the regions of Thy , Hanherred , and Vendsyssel , the northernmost region of Jutland and Denmark). Nordjylland is congruent with the North Jutland Region ( Region Nordjylland ). The largest Kattegat and Baltic islands off Jutland are Funen , Als , Læsø , Samsø , and Anholt in Denmark, as well as Fehmarn in Germany. The islands of Læsø , Anholt , and Samsø in

4698-399: The mouth of the de:Schaalseekanal into lake Großer Küchensee, from there along the canal through lakes Salemer See, Pipersee and Phulsee to lake Schaalsee , on from Zarrentin am Schaalsee along the outflow of lake Schaalsee, the Schaale , until its mouth into the Sude at Teldau , then along the Sude until its confluence with the Elbe at Boizenburg , and further on along the Elbe, until

4779-429: The name "duchy" in its name as a reminiscence to its ducal past, and today it is the only district in Germany with such a designation. The region is named for its former capital, the town of Lauenburg on the Elbe , but its seat is now at Ratzeburg . Lauenburg is crossed by the Elbe–Lübeck Canal , that connects the Elbe at Lauenburg to the Baltic at Lübeck, and there are over 50 lakes in the area, many of which are part of

4860-507: The newer word Bøl, to finally produce Dybbøl . The town was also renamed to Düppel while under the rule of Prussia and later German Confederation and Empire , from 1864 to 1920. The town of Dybbøl started as part of a larger wave of expansionism during the Viking Age in Denmark in which hundreds of new land areas were settled in geographic Denmark as well as in its many settlements abroad such as in England. The first traces of human settlement in Dybbøl go back to around 4,500 BC, and

4941-416: The northwestern promontory of Jutland became the largest fortification of Northern Europe. The local villagers were evacuated to Hirtshals . Coastal areas of Jutland were declared a military zone where Danish citizens were required to carry identity cards, and access was regulated. The small Danish airfield of Aalborg was seized as one of the first objects in the invasion by German paratroopers. The airfield

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5022-442: The other hand, also comprises areas south of the Eider : Holstein , the former duchy of Lauenburg , and most of Hamburg and Lübeck . Jutland's geography is flat, with comparatively steep hills in the east and a barely noticeable ridge running through the center. West Jutland is characterised by open lands, heaths , plains, and peat bogs , while East Jutland is more fertile with lakes and lush forests. The southwestern coast

5103-521: The peninsula after the last Ice Age, some 12,000 years ago. The local culture of Jutland commoners before industrial times was not described in much detail by contemporary texts. It was generally viewed with contempt by the Danish cultural elite in Copenhagen who perceived it as uncultivated, misguided or useless. While the peasantry of eastern Denmark was dominated by the upper feudal class , manifested in large estates owned by families of noble birth and an increasingly subdued class of peasant tenants,

5184-467: The peninsulas of Danish Wahld , Schwansen , and Anglia on the Baltic side. There is a considerable North Frisian minority in North Frisia , and North Frisian is an official language in the region. In Anglia and Schwansen on the other hand, there exist indigenous Danish minorities, with Danish being the second official language there. The Danish Wahld once formed a border forest between Danish and Saxon settlements. A system of Danish fortifications,

5265-448: The peninsulas of Djursland with Mols , and Salling . Also in Northern Jutland is the Søhøjlandet , which is the highest elevated Danish region, and at the same time, the region with the highest density of lakes in Denmark. Denmark's longest river, the Gudenå , flows through Northern Jutland. South Jutland ( Sydjylland ) is the southernmost part of Northern Jutland. It is not to be confused with Southern Jutland ( Sønderjylland ), which

5346-400: The region. In Central Schleswig the situation was reversed with 80% voting for Germany and 20% for Denmark . No vote ever took place in the southern third of Schleswig, as the result was considered a foregone conclusion. Today, they both form a part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein . On 15 June 1920, Northern Schleswig was officially reunited with Denmark . It is the only one of

5427-418: The remaining part of the German minority issued a declaration of loyalty to Denmark and democracy, renouncing any demands for a border revision. Up until the industrialisation of the 19th century, most people in Jutland lived a rural life as farmers and fishers. Farming and herding have formed a significant part of the culture since the late Neolithic Stone Age , and fishing ever since humans first populated

5508-470: The south. The first battle of Dybbøl was fought on 5 July 1848, when Prussian troops were driven back from Dybbøl by the Danish troops who were garrisoned there. In April, there were regular skirmishes in and around the Dybbøl area. That led to the famous Dybbøl Mill being burnt down and so it was out of commission for 4 years. During later years between the two Schleswig Wars, namely in 1861, Danish engineers began construction of Dybbøl's trench system, which

5589-406: The south. The peninsula is also called the Cimbric peninsula . Jutland as a cultural-geographical term mostly only refers to the Danish part of the peninsula, from Grenen to the Danish-German border. Sometimes, the northern part of Schleswig-Holstein down to the Eider ( Southern Schleswig ), is also included in the cultural-geographical definition of Jutland, because the Eider was historically

5670-418: The southern border of Denmark and the cultural and linguistic boundary between the Nordic countries and Germany from c. 850 to 1864. In Denmark, the term Jylland can refer both to the whole peninsula and to the region between Grenen and either the Danish-German border or the Eider. In Germany, however, the peninsula as a whole is only referred to as Kimbrische Halbinsel or Jütische Halbinsel , while

5751-463: The term Jütland is reserved solely for the cultural-geographical definition of Jutland. The Jutland peninsula is bounded by the North Sea to the west, the Skagerrak to the north, the Kattegat to the northeast, and the Baltic Sea to the southeast. The peninsula's Kattegat and Baltic coastline stretches from Grenen down to the mouth of the Trave in Lübeck - Travemünde , and its Skagerrak and North Sea coastline runs from Grenen until down to

5832-412: The term has been used in and around Viborg , so that the people of Viborg could differentiate themselves from the populations to the east and west. The majority of what is today called Central Jutland is actually the traditional West Jutish culture and dialect area, i.e. Herning , Skive , Ikast , and Brande . By contrast, Silkeborg and the other areas east of the Jutish ridge are traditionally part of

5913-407: The territory of the former Duchy of Schleswig . The region is called Sønderjyllands Amt in Danish, and it is regarded as the northern part of Sønderjylland , which refers to the combined territory of Northern and Southern Schleswig. Northern Jutland is the region between the Kongeå and Jutland's northernmost point, the Grenen spit. In Danish, it is called Nørrejylland , and also encompasses

5994-613: The town is the museum, which is a popular school trip destination. The site is a national memorial and museum of the Battle of Dybbøl and was therefore included in the 'National Park Dybbøl Skanser,' inaugurated in 1924. This park is not included in the Danish National Park laws of 2007, but it can still use the name National Park. The area is today administered as a 'Historiecenter Dybbøl Banke' (Dybbøl Banke Museum and History Centre). South Jutland County The county

6075-457: The town itself is estimated to have been founded around 800 AD. The prewar town was quite typical of the area. Its oldest building, from around 1100 AD, is a part of the local church structure, and the local peasants were serfs tied to Sandbjerg Castle . The ownership of the castle changed hands to the Reventlow family, which meant that the serfs in the area got to benefit from being some of

6156-539: The war broke out shortly afterward. After the end of World War I, populations in the former Duchy of Schleswig were given the opportunity through the Versailles Treaty to vote for which country they would rather be part of; Germany (then the Weimar Republic ) or Denmark. The votes resulted in the borders as they are to this day. The reunification resulted in celebration in Dybbøl, culminating in

6237-510: Was finished in 1862. The system consisted of 10 redoubts in a 3 km long half-circle that stretched from Vemmingbund to the Als Sound . The redoubts were small earthen constructions with large powder stashes of concrete, as well as wooden blockhouses for soldiers. As part of the Second Schleswig War, Danish forces retreating from the Danevirke arrived in Dybbøl on the 5. February. The massive influx of soldiers and officers meant that

6318-528: Was forced to cover most of the cost. After the war, the remaining German prisoners of war were recruited to perform extensive mine clearance of 1.4 million mines along the coast. Many of the seaside bunkers from World War II are still present at the west coast. Several of the fortifications in Denmark have been turned into museums, including Tirpitz Museum in Blåvand, Bunkermuseum Hanstholm , and Hirtshals Bunkermuseum . In Southern Jutland, parts of

6399-598: Was formed on 1 April 1970, comprising the former counties of Aabenraa (E), Haderslev (N), Sønderborg (SE), and Tønder (SW). The county was abolished effective 1 January 2007, when the Region of Southern Denmark was formed. Following the reunification of the region with Denmark, the Church of Denmark elevated Haderslev to a diocese in 1923 and divided the region between the dioceses of Ribe (W) and Haderslev (E). This arrangement remains in effect. South Jutland county

6480-721: Was part of Germany until 1920 and such councils were established in several towns. In most places there was very little unrest or revolutionary activities and the councils helped to maintain calm and order. Following the defeat of Germany in World War I , the Allied powers organised two plebiscites in Northern and Central Schleswig on 10 February and 14 March 1920, respectively. In Northern Schleswig 75% voted for reunification with Denmark and 25% for remaining in Germany . Though there

6561-603: Was significantly expanded by the Germans in order to secure their traffic to Norway, and more airfields were built. Danish contractors and 50,000–100,000 workers were hired to fulfill the German projects. The alternative for workers was to be unemployed or sent to work in Germany. The fortifications have been estimated to be the largest construction project ever performed in Denmark at a cost of then 10 billion kroner, or 300-400 billion DKK today (45-60 billion USD or 40-54 billion euro in 2019). The Danish National Bank

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