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44-541: The construction of the first section from Düsseldorf to Erkrath (8.12 km) began on 9 April 1838 and it was opened for freight traffic on 20 December 1838. It was the first steam railway in western Germany (except for the short and sometimes horse-hauled Bavarian Ludwig Railway ), the first in Prussia and the fifth in Germany. The Düsseldorf station was originally located at the south end of Königsallee rather than at

88-417: A cycle track. The old canal comes close to the new canal at Pollanten , and from there the two canals flow downstream in parallel, eventually meeting 5km south of Berching . The cross-section of the waterway is normally trapezoidal , with 31 metres (102 ft) width at the bottom, 55 metres (180 ft) width at the water surface, 4 metres (13 ft) of water depth, and a side grade of 1:3. The channel

132-611: A horse-drawn service operated on the line from Nuremberg to Fürth once an hour. The Adler only operated at 13:00 and 14:00 daily. The high cost of importing hard coal from Saxony , which in the beginning still had to be brought by horse cart, prevented in the early years regular use of the Adler or the Pfeil ("arrow"). With the acquisition of more locomotives, only the early and late services were horse-drawn. Finally in 1863 horse operations were abandoned to reduce maintenance costs (especially

176-504: A large public gathering. The steam locomotive Adler ("eagle") had been supplied with its driver by Stephenson ’s company from Newcastle . The Remy & Co aus Rasselstein company of Neuwied , supplied only the 15-foot (4.6 m)-long rails of rolled wrought iron. The carriages were supplied by local wagon-builders. On 20 September 1831 the private narrow gauge, horse-drawn Prince William Railway coal railway had opened between Hinsbeck (Ruhr) and Nierenhof, but it did not excite

220-793: A number of fish have spread from the Danube to the Main, and on to the Rhine and Lake Constance . The following list shows some examples: This exchange also works in the opposite direction. Examples include: The construction work was interrupted on 26 March 1979 by a serious accident in the Nuremberg district of Katzwang . A dam broke on the Eibach – Schwanstetten section, which was still under construction but already flooded. About 350,000 cubic metres (12,000,000 cu ft) of water poured through

264-632: A plaza called Fürther Freiheit ("Fürth Liberty"). The Nuremberg station was demolished in 1952 to allow the construction of a new multi-storey building. After its closures, the line was leased to the Nuremberg tramways . A high-speed tram service operated on the Ludwigsbahn's right of way from 1927 until 1981. It was then replaced by the line U1 of the Nuremberg U-Bahn along the route, running partly underground and partly elevated. This

308-527: A railway line along the Nürnberg-Fürth road. On 14 May 1833 they founded the Gesellschaft zur Errichtung einer Eisenbahn mit Dampffahrt zwischen Nürnberg und Fürth ("company for the establishment of a steam railway between Nuremberg and Fürth") to develop the railway. Within six months the two main instigators from Nuremberg, the merchant and market chief, George Zacharias Platner, and the head of

352-487: Is a Waterway Class Vb ; the largest authorised vessel is 190 metres (620 ft) long and 11.45 metres (37.6 ft) wide. The channel in the Kelheim-bound Bamberg lock has a depth of 2.70 metres (8.9 ft). In the few sections with a rectangular profile, the width is usually 43 metres (141 ft) (i.e., the mean between top and bottom widths). The length of the canal is 171 kilometres (106 mi);

396-946: Is a canal in Bavaria , Germany. Connecting the Main and the Danube rivers across the European Watershed , it runs from Bamberg via Nuremberg to Kelheim . The canal connects the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean to the Black Sea , providing a navigable artery between the Rhine delta (at Rotterdam in the Netherlands), and the Danube Delta in south-eastern Romania and south-western Ukraine (or Constanța , through

440-702: The Altmühl at Dietfurt is a drop of 51 metres (167 ft) through three locks. The further difference in elevation of 17 metres (56 ft) along the Altmühl, with two more locks, makes a total of 68 metres (223 ft) for the south ramp. This means that the Danube end of the canal is 107.3 metres (352 ft) above the level of the Main end. Along the course of the canal there are 16  locks with lifting heights of up to 25 meters (81 ft). The 16 locks are managed from four remote control centres (Neuses since 2007, Kriegenbrunn , Hilpoltstein, and Dietfurt from

484-751: The Danube–Black Sea Canal ). The present canal was completed in 1992 and is 171 kilometres (106 mi) long. Projects for connecting the Danube and Rhine basins by canal have a long history. In 793, the Emperor Charlemagne ordered the construction of a canal—the Fossa Carolina (German: Karlsgraben )—connecting the Swabian Rezat , a tributary of the Rednitz , to the Altmühl near Treuchtlingen . Between 1836 and 1846

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528-463: The Ludwig Canal (German: Ludwigskanal), named for King Ludwig I of Bavaria , was built between Bamberg and Kelheim. This canal had a narrow channel, with many locks , and a shortage of water in the peak section, so the operation of the waterway soon became uneconomic—especially given the rapidly advancing construction of the railway network in the southern German countryside. The canal finally

572-441: The ecosystem of new habitats: competition with native species , lack of natural predators , introduction of diseases and parasites , etc. However, there is also the possibility that they will naturalize into the new ecosystem and their introduction lead to an enrichment of the resident wildlife . In order to maintain navigable water levels for the waterway in the Main, Regnitz and Rednitz valleys, water must be diverted via

616-467: The " Main-Donau-Wasserstraße ". Under this plan, in addition to the expansion of the Main and Danube, a completely new channel linking the rivers was to be created. The Rhein-Main-Donau AG (RMD-AG) was founded on 30 December 1921 to undertake the project. To finance the waterway, the RMD was given control of the water resources of the Main, Danube, Lech , Altmühl , and Regnitz . The first concrete plans for

660-499: The 15-metre (49 ft) wide hole and flooded large parts of old Katzwang. The force of the water was so great that it dug a 10-metre (33 ft) wide crater and swept away cars, people and houses. During the rescue operations, a 12-year-old girl died. The damage was around DM 24 million (converted c. 12 million euros ). After the disaster, the entire canal line was checked for weaknesses and retrofitted at critical points. The long-distance Challenge Roth triathlon , which

704-484: The 34-kilometre (21 mi) long section through the Altmühl valley. On 25 September 1992, the canal was completed. The equivalent of some 2.3 billion euros were invested in the construction from 1960 to 1992. Almost 20 percent of that went for environmental protection projects. From Bamberg to Fürth the canal follows the valley of the Regnitz , a tributary of the Main. From Fürth to beyond Roth it follows

748-614: The Altmühlüberleiter canal & tunnel from the upper Altmühl to the Brombachsee reservoirs, across the European Watershed between the drainage basins of the Danube and Rhine. On the other hand, the canal carries cargo traffic that would otherwise require 250,000 truck trips annually, or as an alternative, 3,000 freight trains on the Deutsche Bahn rail network. So far about 20 species of invertebrates and

792-581: The Main-Danube Canal, and a benefit–cost ratio of 0.52:1. This might have justified the termination of the project. One of the proponents commissioned a study by the Ifo-Institut München, predicting an estimated 5.5 million tonnes per year for the traffic volume on the Main-Danube Canal. In 2004, the freight volume in exchange traffic totalled 5.9 million tonnes and the total transport 6.9 million tonnes. The course of

836-621: The RMD Canal in 2006 was down almost 20% compared to the previous year. The most important goods, which were transported on the canal toward the Danube: Goods transported toward the Rhine The container traffic declined from 3,986 to 2,539 TEUs . Of these 85% were in the direction of Danube. Meanwhile, tourism along the canal is economically important. This has contributed to the extensive creation of habitats to compensate for

880-408: The beginning of 2007). These centres are staffed with one worker on the night shift, and two on the day shift. The locks were modernized from 2001 to 2007, replacing the outdated relay technology with programmable logic controllers (PLC) . The cost was approximately $ 1.3 million per lock. The summit pound is maintained by pumping water from the canal stretches below; and some water is drained into

924-472: The canal. The transport volume in traffic between Main-Danube Canal and Danube (Kelheim lock) in 2010 consisted of the following items (in tons): Freight volume by country between Main-Donau-Kanal and Donau (Kelheim Lock) in 2010: The construction of canals involves ecological dangers. The Main-Danube Canal makes it possible for aquatic animals to spread from Western to Eastern Europe and vice versa . Invasive species often cause adverse impacts in

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968-574: The completion of the project. The contract was signed on 16 September of that year in Duisburg by Federal Transport Minister Hans-Christoph Seebohm , Federal Finance Minister Rolf Dahlgrün , Bavarian Prime Minister Alfons Goppel and the Bavarian Finance Minister Konrad Pöhner. The last section to be built, between Nuremberg and Kelheim, became politically controversial in the 1970s and 1980s, mainly because of

1012-456: The construction of the line was dealing with the climb between Erkrath and Hochdahl. Because of the steep slope (1 in 30 (3.3%)) in this section for a long time trains had to be hauled by cable, originally driven by a stationary steam engine. A few months later haulage by cable attached to a stationary steam engine was changed to haulage by cable attached via pulleys to a locomotive running downhill on an additional track. In 1926, cable haulage on

1056-595: The construction of the railway, the king made available the Bavarian road builder, Paul Camille von Denis , for the railway construction. Von Denis adopted the English rail gauge of 1435 mm for the nearly dead-straight 6.04 km-long single-track line next to the Fürth-Nuremberg road. On 7 December 1835 the company opened the first German steam-powered railway line for passenger and freight traffic before

1100-468: The current Central Station . The next section of the line from Erkrath to (Wuppertal) Vohwinkel (12.61 km) was put into operation for freight on 10 April 1841. The opening of the remaining 5.45 km to Steinbeck station in Elberfeld (now part of Wuppertal ) followed on 3 September 1841, also only for freight. Passenger operations on the line started on 1 December 1841. The biggest challenge in

1144-516: The down cycle. On the up cycle, these tanks replenish first the bottom third and then the middle third of the lock volume. The remaining top third is supplied by water from the upper level of the canal. use kilometres (km) sea level (m) lock (m) There were different forecasts of freight transport volumes, from which benefit–cost ratio could be derived. In 1981, a Federal Minister for Transport cost–benefit account assumed an estimated traffic volume of only 2.7 million tonnes per year for

1188-619: The incline was replaced by bank engines . During its existence the DEE only operated its original line. After the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company (BME) was established on 18 October 1843 and which was also based in Elberfeld, the two companies worked closely together. The BME acquired the property of the DEE and its operating rights on 22 September 1856. Bavarian Ludwig Railway The Bavarian Ludwig Railway ( Bayerische Ludwigseisenbahn or Ludwigsbahn )

1232-525: The king to build an experimental railway in the Nymphenburg Palace park . As the king’s 1828 request for Franconian merchants to begin building a railway line led to no action, he turned his attention to his favourite project, the building of the Ludwig Canal between the Danube and the Main . After railways had been operating in England for a few years, local businesspeople decided to build

1276-481: The line to Würzburg . Competition developed with the building of horse trams between Nuremberg and Fürth, particularly once they were electrified in 1898. From 1893, part of the line was double-tracked but this was never completed. Traffic and profits fell constantly. The Ludwigsbahn closed on 31 October 1922. The old station building in Fürth was torn down in 1938, to make room for a Nazi Party parade ground, now

1320-621: The new waterway emerged in 1938, for the so-called Mindorfer Linie south of Nuremberg. As early as 1939 the first preparatory work began at Thalmässing in Landkreis Roth . However, after the war this route was dropped. By 1962, the Main's channel had been expanded as far upstream as Bamberg. In 1966, the Duisburger Vertrag, an agreement between Bavaria and the Federal Republic of Germany , was reached for financing

1364-426: The planned extension of the Danube waterway between Passau and Kelheim is still controversial. Proponents argue that the cost structure of inland navigation will require larger ship sizes, so that larger lock dimensions, deeper channels and secure minimum water depth will be required. Opponents argue the environmental degradation is too great and that inland navigation is falling. The transport volume through

Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company - Misplaced Pages Continue

1408-411: The poly-technical school, Johannes Scharrer, had successfully raised the planned share capital of 132,000 guilders . The proposed dividend of 12 2 ⁄ 3 % was met with skepticism, although the company did, in fact, pay a dividend of 20% in 1836. King Ludwig was an unenthusiastic supporter of railways because of his preference for building the Ludwig Canal between the Main and the Danube ; this

1452-414: The provision of horse tracks) and to raise speeds. Goods traffic at first consisted of the carriage of newspapers and beer. General freight traffic only started in 1839 and mail traffic in 1840. The success of the line is shown by the fact that up to 1855 dividends were never less than 12%. At the time this was considered a magnificent capital return. Nevertheless, the government refused permission to extend

1496-460: The public attention of a steam-hauled and passenger railway. Nevertheless, King Ludwig did not visit the railway named after him until August 1836. The cost of building the railway, which had been estimated at 132,000 guilders, actually reached 170,000 guilders as a result of lack of railway building experience and, in particular, the high price of land acquisition in the absence of a law providing for compulsory purchase . Beginning on 8 December 1835

1540-403: The road between the important commercial cities of Nuremberg and Fürth was the busiest road connection in the kingdom. Bavarian interest was also stimulated by Friedrich List ’s advocacy of an all-German railway system and the reports of Joseph von Baader , whom King Ludwig had sent to England to study railways. After a discussion of this topic in the Bavarian parliament in 1825, it authorised

1584-474: The summit elevation (between the Hilpoltstein and Bachhausen locks) is 406 metres (1,332 ft) above sea level . This is the highest point on Earth that is currently reached by commercial watercraft from the sea. The height difference along the north ramp of the canal—from the Main at Bamberg to the crest elevation—is 175 metres (574 ft), with 11 locks. From the crest elevation down to

1628-401: The summit pound from local natural sources. Finally a pumped storage artificial lake Dürrlohsee that sits even higher in elevation than the summit pound makes up the difference if the aforementioned sources of water are not sufficient. Thirteen locks are designed to conserve water, which they do by piping first the top third, and then the middle third of the lock water into side tanks during

1672-541: The valley of the Rednitz , a tributary of the Regnitz. It crosses the Franconian Jura mountains and joins the river Altmühl near Dietfurt . From Dietfurt to Kelheim on the Danube the canal follows the Altmühl valley. Today, some 60 kilometers of the Ludwig Canal still exists in good condition between Nuremberg and Berching . Some of the locks still function, and part of the towpath has been converted to

1716-535: Was abandoned in 1950, after a decision was made to not repair damage it had suffered from Allied bombing during World War II . In 1917, the Landtag of Bavaria passed a law calling for the development of a major shipping route "between Aschaffenburg and Passau ", with the capacity to carry the 1,200-ton ships used on the Rhine . On 13 June 1921, Bavaria and the German Reich concluded an agreement to build

1760-412: Was actually built between 1836 and 1846. The canal was relatively unsuccessful because of its profusion of locks, its narrowness and early competition from railways, but it foreshadowed the more successful Rhine-Main-Danube Canal built on a similar route and completed in 1992. Ludwig allowed the railway company to use his name and authorized his government to buy a token two shares in it. Significantly for

1804-471: Was closed. In 1935 a replica of the Adler was constructed on old plans for the 100-year anniversary of the German railways, but it was seriously damaged on 17 October 2005 together with many other preserved locomotives in the great fire at the Nuremberg shed. However it was painstakingly restored in 2007 at a cost of € 1M and made operational again. The greatest number of carriages during the line's existence

Düsseldorf-Elberfeld Railway Company - Misplaced Pages Continue

1848-3124: Was in 1893: 44 coaches, 1 luggage van and 10 wagons. Rhine-Main-Danube Canal 49°11′30″N 11°15′3″E  /  49.19167°N 11.25083°E  / 49.19167; 11.25083  ( Rhine–Main–Danube Canal ) 49°54′28″N 10°51′22″E  /  49.90785°N 10.85608°E  / 49.90785; 10.85608  ( Hafen Bamberg ) 49°52′50″N 10°54′29″E  /  49.88067°N 10.90796°E  / 49.88067; 10.90796  ( Bamberg lock ) 49°50′18″N 10°57′22″E  /  49.83847°N 10.95619°E  / 49.83847; 10.95619  ( Strullendorf lock ) 49°44′41″N 11°02′51″E  /  49.74461°N 11.04753°E  / 49.74461; 11.04753  ( Forchheim lock ) 49°41′10″N 11°02′20″E  /  49.68601°N 11.03893°E  / 49.68601; 11.03893  ( Hausen lock ) 49°37′25″N 10°58′49″E  /  49.62371°N 10.98035°E  / 49.62371; 10.98035  ( Erlangen lock ) 49°33′23″N 10°58′12″E  /  49.55640°N 10.97002°E  / 49.55640; 10.97002  ( Kriegenbrunn lock ) 49°24′56″N 11°03′25″E  /  49.41557°N 11.05696°E  / 49.41557; 11.05696  ( Nürnberg lock ) 49°23′30″N 11°03′52″E  /  49.39177°N 11.06448°E  / 49.39177; 11.06448  ( Hafen Nürnberg ) 49°23′08″N 11°03′52″E  /  49.38559°N 11.06440°E  / 49.38559; 11.06440  ( Eibach lock ) 49°17′31″N 11°06′42″E  /  49.29206°N 11.11177°E  / 49.29206; 11.11177  ( Leerstetten lock ) 49°12′40″N 11°10′35″E  /  49.21103°N 11.17646°E  / 49.21103; 11.17646  ( Eckersmühlen lock ) 49°11′40″N 11°13′30″E  /  49.19453°N 11.22501°E  / 49.19453; 11.22501  ( Hilpoltstein lock ) 49°09′07″N 11°26′11″E  /  49.15195°N 11.43652°E  / 49.15195; 11.43652  ( Bachhausen lock ) 49°05′28″N 11°26′38″E  /  49.09100°N 11.44397°E  / 49.09100; 11.44397  ( Berching lock ) 49°01′57″N 11°33′41″E  /  49.03263°N 11.56133°E  / 49.03263; 11.56133  ( Dietfurt lock ) 48°58′29″N 11°41′16″E  /  48.97482°N 11.68766°E  / 48.97482; 11.68766  ( Riedenburg lock ) 48°55′27″N 11°51′05″E  /  48.92418°N 11.85145°E  / 48.92418; 11.85145  ( Kelheim lock ) 48°54′37″N 11°54′16″E  /  48.91034°N 11.90454°E  / 48.91034; 11.90454  ( Altmühl mouth ) Download coordinates as: The Rhine–Main–Danube Canal ( German : Rhein-Main-Donau-Kanal ; also called Main-Danube Canal , RMD Canal or Europa Canal ),

1892-594: Was opened to Fürth station on 5 December 1985, 150 years after the opening of the original line. The line ran from the Nuremberg station in Plärrer place, along today's Fürther Straße , past the boundary with Fürth and then followed the present Hornschuchpromenade to the Ludwig station at Fürther Freiheit , 100 metres north of Fürth station. The Ludwigsbahn possessed many locomotives during its 87 years of operation. Some were bought second-hand, many were sold when it

1936-612: Was the first steam-hauled railway opened in Germany . The Königlich privilegierte Ludwigs-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft ("Royal Privileged Ludwig Railway Company", later called the Ludwigs-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft ) received a concession to build a railway from Nuremberg to Fürth (6 km) in the state of Bavaria on 19 February 1834. The first reports from England over the planning of railways attracted great attention in Germany, particularly in Bavaria, where

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