92-492: The ENC Axess is a line of low-floor transit buses available in 35-foot and 40-foot nominal lengths manufactured by ENC (formerly ElDorado National–California) in Riverside, California starting from 2003. In addition to the different available lengths, the buses are sold with a variety of prime movers, ranging from conventional diesel , LNG / CNG combustion engines, diesel-electric hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell with
184-409: A hydraulic or pneumatic 'kneeling device', which can be used when the bus is not in motion, tilting it or lowering it at the front axle even further, often down to normal curb height. Depending on how close to the curb the bus is parked and wheelchair design, this can allow wheelchair users to board unaided. Though such technology has been available and in use on high-floor buses since the 1970s, it
276-548: A "major hub" facility serving commercial air traffic. World War I aviator Merle Fogg purchased an abandoned nine-hole golf course that was destroyed in the 1926 Miami hurricane for $ 1,200 in 1928. On May 1, 1929, the airport officially opened as Merle Fogg Field , with two criss-cross unpaved runways. At the start of World War II , it was commissioned by the United States Navy and renamed Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale . The runways were paved, and
368-482: A $ 263 million construction project. Terminal 4, commonly referred to as the International Terminal, was inaugurated by a Concorde visit in 1983. Since 2005, T4 has been undergoing renovations and a major expansion designed by PGAL/Zyscovich joint venture. The airport announced that Terminal 1, commonly known as "The New Terminal", underwent a $ 300 million makeover. Construction began in late 2015 and
460-707: A 40-foot model. ENC’s Axess EVO-BE and EVO-FC represent the next generation of zero emission transportation. With 738 kWh of energy storage, the Axess EVO-BE delivers a longer range per charge, making it ideal for transit and shuttle applications. Axess EVO-FC offers an estimated range of over 400 miles with its high-power hydrogen fuel cell and proven electric powertrain. Both buses are available in multiple configurations for passenger seating and wheelchair accommodation. 125 Axess buses were shipped to airport facilities in California and Florida in 2004 and 2005. Some of
552-404: A continuous output rating of 215 hp (160 kW) and a peak output of 270 hp (200 kW). The fuel cell option is approximately 3 1 ⁄ 2 times the cost of a conventional (diesel-powered) Axess 40-foot bus. A second-generation fuel cell bus, now branded Axess-FC, was unveiled in 2019 with improved range. A battery electric Axess was available at approximately twice the cost of
644-570: A control tower was built. The base was initially used for refitting civil airliners for military service before they were ferried across the Atlantic to Europe and North Africa. NAS Fort Lauderdale later became a main training base for Naval Aviators and enlisted naval air crewmen flying the Grumman TBF and TBM Avenger for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps aboard aircraft carriers and from expeditionary airfields ashore. NAS Fort Lauderdale
736-602: A conventional (diesel-powered) 40-foot Axess. In November 2021, the Axess-BEB, a production battery electric bus using the Axess chassis debuted at the APTA Expo; it is available in 32-foot, 35-foot, and 40-foot (nominal) lengths and uses a powertrain system sourced from Cummins, including the traction motor, inverter, and storage battery. Battery options include 444 or 518 kW-hr of storage with initial availability limited to
828-785: A high floor bus where the floor is flat in order to align with the high platforms in certain Bus Rapid Transit systems. Thereby, referring to it as a non-step high floor bus. The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) mandates the use of low-floor or low-entry buses on city bus routes in the Philippines since 2016. Low-floor buses are used on city bus networks in Metro Manila , Metro Cebu and Davao City , and on some provincial routes, and most Point-to-Point Bus services, although older coaches are still largely used for such services. Buses used on
920-539: A low floor throughout the length of the bus (more popular in Europe ), and low-entry buses with step-free access to only a part of the bus, most commonly between the front door and the middle door (more popular in North America). In North America, both types are commonly called low-floor, as the majority of the vehicle has a low floor, without steps at the doors. The main reason for choosing a low-entry configuration
1012-464: A low-floor bus "no-step bus (ノーステップバス)". At Enshu Railway Company in Hamamatsu Area, a low-floor bus is called "omnibus (オムニバス)", " cho-teisho bus (超低床バス; very low-floor bus)" and " cho-teisho omnibus (超低床オムニバス; very low-floor omnibus)". Japanese government calls a low-floor bus " cho-teisho non-step bus (超低床ノンステップバス; very low-floor non-step bus)". The term non-step bus may also refer to
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#17328018509961104-492: A low-floor bus therefore requires careful design. Low floor configuration is also known to have poor side to side dead load distribution within the chassis due to the asymmetrical off-centre placement of driveline components - mainly engine and transmission. As a result, many of such buses require electronically controlled air suspension to compensate the lopsided configuration. Low-floor buses usually include an area without seating (or seating that folds up) next to at least one of
1196-623: A low-floor design. A small number of higher capacity articulated low-floor buses are used to service the city's southern busways. In Sydney , routes may be operated by both high-floor buses and low-entry ones. Selected routes can be set aside specifically for low-entry buses which are considered to be wheelchair-accessible routes. A recent all-low-entry bus network is the Metrobus system. Fort Lauderdale%E2%80%93Hollywood International Airport Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport ( IATA : FLL , ICAO : KFLL , FAA LID : FLL )
1288-815: A newly built walkway. Terminal 4 , known as the Green Terminal, contains Concourse G with 14 gates, and functions as the Spirit operating base. Concourse H, which closed in December 2017 and has since been demolished, included 10 gates. The former Concourse H was reconfigured and redesigned by the architectural firms of PGAL/Zyscovich joint venture. The new three-story facility, which was renamed Concourse G, has 14 new gates, 11 of which are international/domestic capable, and one arrival area for bussing operations. New concessions, seatings, and approximately 50,000 sq ft (4,600 m ) of administrative offices for
1380-535: A shuttle bus service from the station to three locations at the airport, all on the lower level: the west end of terminal 1, between terminals 2 and 3, and between terminals 3 and 4. The shuttles operate seven days a week and are free for Tri-Rail customers. The terminals are accessible by U.S. Route 1 . Other major roads that border the airport include Florida State Road 818 , Interstate 95 , and Interstate 595 . U.S. Route 1 includes an underpass under Runway 10R/28L. Ride-sharing companies can also be used to and from
1472-413: A smaller low floor area with a small underfloor bin for some luggage. Whilst these buses do not provide a full amount of luggage space, they can be used to house more luggage than what can be held inside the bus itself. Another drawback is the arrangement means the section of the bus that is at curb height is very short—consisting of enough space to house the wheelchair area and then rising up, to accommodate
1564-496: A traction motor. The Axess was the first full-size heavy-duty transit bus, defined as ENC building both the chassis and body, offered by the company. Previously, ENC had built medium-duty mid-size transit and shuttle buses, with the company building a custom body on a commercial chassis. In 2010, ENC began offering the Axess with an extended front cap and raked windshield as the Axess BRT, intended for bus rapid transit service;
1656-607: A variety of retail and food services. T5 will connect to Terminal 4 and the Cypress parking garage through pedestrian bridges. Designed with ADA accessibility and built to LEED Silver standards, the terminal is set for completion by mid-2026. Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport is near the Fort Lauderdale/Hollywood International Airport at Dania Beach train station , served by Tri-Rail commuter trains . Tri-Rail provides
1748-439: Is a bus or trolleybus that has no steps between the ground and the floor of the bus at one or more entrances, and low floor for part or all of the passenger cabin. A bus with a partial low floor may also be referred to as a low-entry bus or seldom a flat-floor bus in some locations. Low floor refers to a bus deck that is accessible from the sidewalk with only a single step with a small height difference, caused solely by
1840-528: Is a base for Allegiant Air , JetBlue and Spirit Airlines , the latter of which has its corporate headquarters nearby in the suburb of Miramar, Florida . In addition, FLL is the primary South Florida airport for Southwest Airlines (although Southwest also serves both Miami and Palm Beach) with the majority of Southwest flights currently serving Fort Lauderdale. FLL is classified by the US Federal Aviation Administration as
1932-699: Is a major public airport in Broward County, Florida , United States. It is one of four airports with commercial service serving the Miami metropolitan area . The airport is off Interstate 595 , Interstate 95 , U.S. Route 1 , Florida State Road A1A , and Florida State Road 5 bounded by the cities Fort Lauderdale , Hollywood , and Dania Beach , 3 miles (5 km) southwest of downtown Fort Lauderdale and 21 miles (34 km) north of Miami. With over 700 daily flights to 135 domestic and international destinations, FLL has become an intercontinental gateway since
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#17328018509962024-669: Is a very low or non-existent availability of high-floor electric buses. The majority of standard and truncated vehicles were and are the Caio Millennium and Millennium BRT "toco" models, on Mercedes-Benz O500U, Scania K270 and K310, Volvo B7RLE and B290RLE and Volkswagen 17.240 and 17.260 chassis. For articulated vehicles, Caio Mondego HA and Millennium BRT vehicles with Mercedes-Benz O500UA and O500UDA chassis were and are used. The Biarticulates were made with Caio TopBus PB and Millennium BRT TopBus bodies on Volvo B360S and B9Salf chassis. In Brisbane , all Translink buses are of
2116-517: Is also the most frequently used of the four by Southwest Airlines ; nearly all Southwest flights operate out of Concourse B. Terminal 2 , known as the Red Terminal, contains Concourse D and 9 gates. Air Canada and Delta Air Lines operate at Terminal 2. Due to construction in Terminal 1, WestJet currently operates from Terminal 2 as well. Delta Air Lines operates a Sky Club here. This terminal
2208-457: Is available with a hybrid drivetrain, at approximately a 50% premium compared to the cost of a bus with a conventional diesel engine. The supplemental electric traction motor and hybrid components are part of the EP System supplied by Allison Transmission , which automatically switches between parallel hybrid and series hybrid operation. The fuel cell variant of the Axess was developed under
2300-606: Is currently undergoing a $ 100 million modernization, including the expansion of the check-in area, renovations to security screening facilities, new ceilings, flooring, and the inclusion of more concessions, along with the modernization of the Sky Club. Terminal 3 , known as the Purple Terminal, contains Concourses E & F with 20 gates, functioning as the JetBlue operating base. It is also connected to Terminal 4 via
2392-495: Is of significant utility on low-floor vehicles only where it enables less-mobile passengers to board and leave the vehicle without help from others. Many vehicles are also equipped with wheel-chair lifts, or ramps which, when combined with a low floor, can provide a nearly level entry. An implementation of the low floor design exists in Australia where custom coaches make a "hybrid" variant of its CB60 bodywork. These buses combine
2484-487: Is one of the few airports to administer fees to private pilots. A minimum charge of $ 10 is assessed on landing private aircraft. In May 2008, Zoom Airlines launched a seasonal link to London's Gatwick Airport via Bermuda. The airline shut down three months later. In May 2010, Condor began a seasonal flight to Frankfurt. Norwegian Air Shuttle introduced routes to Copenhagen and Oslo in November 2013 and to Stockholm
2576-466: Is one of the first cities in India that introduced Low Floor buses. The Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation, BMTC operates many services using the premium Volvo 8400LE Low-floor buses. These buses are air-conditioned, and offer features such as automatic transmission, kneeling and wheel-chair ramp, typical of modern city buses. They are also fitted with LED display boards as well as ITS to announce
2668-643: Is to allow better placement for the powertrain and other technical equipment in the raised floor section, in addition to allowing a more comfortable ride on rough roads. Some manufacturers use the initials LF or L in their model designations for fully low-floor models (or in the case of German manufacturers, NF or N , based on the German word Niederflur , which means low floor), and in North America buses that are partially low-floor are often also designated LF. In some countries, LE , short for Low Entry ,
2760-403: Is used by some manufacturers in their model designations for low-entry buses. Most bus manufacturers achieve a low floor height by making rear-engined rear-wheel drive buses with independent front suspension , so that no axle is needed to pass under the floor of the front part of passenger compartment, or a lowered front axle. Some full low-floor buses also have a lowered rear axle, while
2852-725: The Den Oudsten B85/B86 [ nl ] . Other competitors followed suit, with the Orion VI (1995), Nova Bus LF Series (1996, also derived from the Den Oudsten B85), Gillig Low Floor (1997, derived from a shuttle bus design for the Hertz rental car agency), and Neoplan AN440L (1990/94/99). By 2008, most new bus orders in the United States were for low-floor buses. In the capital of this country,
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2944-871: The EDSA Busway are usually equipped with 1-2 doors on the left side for boarding at the median stations, although not all units currently have them installed. Low-floor buses often use upholstered coach-style seating in a 2-3, or 2-2 configuration, although plastic seats may be found in some buses. Low-floor wheelchair-accessible buses were first introduced in Singapore in 2006 with 150 Volvo B9TL CDGE buses procured by SBS Transit . These buses were registered SBS7300P - SBS7499A. Volvo B9TL CDGE buses were fully retired in 2023. In 2007, SBS Transit procured 1101 units of low-entry Scania K230UB buses bodied by Gemilang Coachworks of Senai , Malaysia . Afterwards, all new city buses procured by SBS Transit, SMRT Buses and
3036-564: The Land Transport Authority are low-floor. Low-floor buses are first adopted in Germany in 1989, and to make them easier to use for wheelchairs and strollers, the minimum ground clearance of the entire vehicle is lowered and the floor is proportionately raised by 30 centimetres (12 in) above the road surface. The Dennis Dart SLF (Super Low Floor) marked the wholesale introduction of single-deck low floor buses in
3128-474: The Optare Alero and Hino Poncho . Accessibility was previously achieved in paratransit type applications, which use small vehicles with the fitment of special lifts. The inception of small low-floor buses has allowed the development of several accessible demand-responsive transport schemes using standard 'off-the-shelf' buses. A disadvantage of the low floor is accommodating the bus's own wheels. With
3220-623: The AC volvo bus and MW series are served by the Tata Marcopolo buses operated by WBSTC. AC Marcopolo buses serve the MH series route operated by WBHIDCO and the MB series route operated by BHBL. Calcutta State Transport Corporation (CSTC) also run AC Volvo Bus & Ashok Leylan JanBus. In Japan , a low-floor bus is called "non-step bus (ノンステップバス)". Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation used to calling
3312-472: The AFCB/Axess-FC was the first fuel cell bus to complete the heavy-duty transit bus (12-year/500,000 mi (800,000 km) lifecycle) testing at Altoona, Pennsylvania . In 2017, MBTA bus operations announced plans to test an AFCB/Axess; an earlier MBTA fuel cell bus was designed in 2008 with a Nuvera/Fiat fuel cell and a BAE HybriDrive hybrid powertrain. Low-floor bus A low-floor bus
3404-809: The Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, since 1997 the legislation governs that all buses of lines of "national" jurisdiction (bus lines that circulate within the capital district and/or cross from here to the suburbs). The first low-floor bus produced in Argentina and marketed in this country was the El Detalle OA105, and the first low-floor bus imported by Argentina was the Marcopolo Torino GV Low-Entry brought from Brazil in 1998. Within Paraguay's public transit system, it
3496-540: The Aviation Department are being designed on the upper levels of the facility. An expanded U.S. Customs and Border Protection facility will also be included in the new Eastern Expansion construction. Terminal 5 , On October 9, 2023, Broward County officials held a groundbreaking ceremony for the airport's new Terminal 5 (T5). The $ 404 million, 230,000-square-foot facility will feature five new domestic gates, check-in and baggage areas, security screening, and
3588-471: The Axess has a partial low-floor layout, where the seating area from the rear axle to the back of the bus is on an elevated platform to provide space for the engine and transmission. The CNG fueled variant is approximately 10% more expensive than the diesel. The Axess BRT model increased overall length from 40 ft 8 in (12.4 m) to 41 ft 3 in (12.6 m), increasing the front overhang from 94 to 100 in (2.4 to 2.5 m). The Axess
3680-671: The Broward Central Terminal in downtown Fort Lauderdale , and also serves to Aventura Mall in Aventura , Florida , in Miami-Dade County . Internationally known artist and sculptor Duane Hanson created an installation for his work Vendor with Walkman at the Departure Level of Terminal 3 at the airport. Hanson, who retired and died in nearby Boca Raton, created a seated middle-aged man wearing
3772-657: The Jewish High Holidays . It transitioned to year-round service in April 2024 despite the ongoing Israel–Hamas war and an Iranian attack on Israel two days prior. After Miami, Fort Lauderdale was El Al's second destination in South Florida, which has a large Jewish population. Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport, located in an unincorporated area , covers 1,380 acres (558 ha) and has two runways : The former crosswind runway, 13/31,
ENC Axess - Misplaced Pages Continue
3864-559: The United Kingdom in 1995, after many small-scale demonstrator usages. Low floor buses were rapidly introduced on high-profile routes, notably becoming a requirement for London Buses contracts. The Optare Solo introduced in 1997 marked another step change with inroads into smaller usages traditionally served by minibuses . The final phase came with low floor double-deckers the Dennis Trident 2 and Volvo B7TL entering
3956-898: The WBSTC. These buses connects places like the Kolkata Airport , Barasat (Capital Town of North Suburb), New Town , Salt Lake , Howrah , Santragachi (a station on the Howrah-Kharagpur railway line), Kudghat and Tollygunge . The road network in Kolkata is vast. Under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, air conditioned buses have been included as a part of travel comfort to commuters. Air-conditioned buses are operated by West Bengal Surface Transport Corporation (WBSTC) directly & through outsourcing. These buses are served by Tata Marcopolo Buses and Volvo Low Floor Buses. The V Series and VS series bus routes are served by
4048-411: The airport during President Donald Trump 's trips to Mar-a-Lago . As of 2018, the airport had been going through an extensive renovation and expansion project worth approximately $ 3 billion that has added gates, new parking, stores, and shops. The master plan calls for the construction of an Intermodal center, a people mover, a hotel, an increase in the number of gates from 62 to 95, and widening of
4140-500: The airport entirely in 2008 and American Airlines moving its New York and Los Angeles services to West Palm Beach in 2013. In January 2000, South African Airways (SAA) introduced service from Cape Town to Atlanta via Fort Lauderdale on a Boeing 747. The flight from Atlanta to Cape Town operated nonstop. Fort Lauderdale served both as a refueling stop and as a place to pick up passengers. SAA had just started code-sharing with Delta Air Lines, which offered several flights from
4232-409: The airport in designated pickup and drop-off places found between Terminals 1 and 2 and Terminals 3 and 4. The airport also offers airport parking and operates a consolidated rental car facility which can be accessed from Terminal 1 by a short walk and from the other terminals by a free shuttle bus service. FLL is served by Broward County Transit bus Route 1 which offers connecting service through
4324-625: The airport opened its first permanent terminal building and assumed its current name. In 1966, the airport averaged 48 airline operations a day; in 1972, it averaged 173 a day. The Feb 1966 Official Airline Guide shows three nonstop departures to New York–JFK and no other nonstop flights beyond Tampa and Orlando. Five years later, FLL had added nonstop flights to Atlanta , Baltimore , Boston , Buffalo , Chicago–O'Hare , Cleveland , Detroit , Minneapolis/St. Paul , New York–LaGuardia , Newark , Philadelphia , and Pittsburgh . (Northeast's nonstop to Los Angeles had already been dropped.) By 1974,
4416-475: The airport was closed for about a 48-hour period. However, when Hurricane Wilma made landfall in October roof damage was reported along with broken windows, damaged jetways, and destroyed canopies. The airport was closed for a period of five days. Hurricane Wilma was a Category 2 when its center passed to the west of FLL. In February 2007, the airport started fees to all users, including private aircraft. FLL
4508-474: The airport was served by Braniff International Airways , Delta Air Lines , Eastern Air Lines , National Airlines , Northwest Orient Airlines , Shawnee Airlines and United Airlines . Delta and Eastern were the dominant carriers, with 12 and 14 routes from FLL respectively. By 1979, following deregulation, Air Florida , Bahamasair , Florida Airlines , Mackey International Airlines , Republic Airlines , Trans World Airlines and Western Airlines also served
4600-407: The airport's central location in the region. On January 6, 2017, a lone gunman opened fire inside Terminal 2 with a semi-automatic handgun , killing five people. The shooter was arrested by a BSO deputy within 85 seconds of when he began shooting. He was sentenced to five consecutive life sentences plus 120 years in prison. In 2018, NORAD announced that it would be stationing fighter jets at
4692-512: The airport. Low-cost airline traffic grew in the 1990s, with Southwest opening its base in 1996, Spirit in 1999, and JetBlue in 2000. Spirit Airlines made FLL a hub in 2002. In 2003, JetBlue made FLL a focus city . US Airways also planned a hub at Fort Lauderdale in the mid-2000s as part of its reorganization strategy before its merger with America West Airlines . Eventually, low-cost competition forced several major legacy airlines to cut back service to FLL, with United pulling out of
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#17328018509964784-534: The airport. Changes to security regulations following the September 11 attacks forced SAA to eliminate the stop. During the 2005 hurricane season , FLL was affected by Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Wilma . Katrina struck land in late August as a Category 1 and made landfall on Keating Beach just two miles from the airport (near the border of Broward and Miami–Dade counties) with 80 mph (130 km/h) winds but caused only minor damage; however,
4876-532: The area caused severe disruptions at the airport, culminating in a complete closure as rainwater flooded parts of the tarmac and airport property. Norse Atlantic relocated to Miami in pursuit of more passengers and cargo in September 2023. The airline was also flying to London-Gatwick and had a crew base in Fort Lauderdale at the time. In the same month, El Al commenced a seasonal route to Tel Aviv for
4968-593: The bus platform vendor (New Flyer), fuel cell ( UTC Power ), and hybrid drivetrain ( ISE Corporation ), all withdrew from the AFCB Project shortly after it began. ElDorado National had previously worked with SunLine on the earlier ISE/UTC ThunderVolt fuel cell/hybrid bus, supplying an E-Z Rider II 30-foot bus chassis in the early 2000s. After completing the Axess BRT chassis for the first AFCB, ElDorado National delivered it to BAE Systems in New York, who integrated
5060-722: The buses shipped to Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport had diesel-electric hybrid powertrains. One of the largest operators of the ENC Axess is the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority , located close to the ENC plant in Riverside. LA Metro has purchased nearly 600 CNG-powered, 40-foot buses, comprising over 25% of the agency's bus fleet. Before FC3 entered revenue service with SunLine Transit as
5152-542: The city center. Low-floor buses have become popular on the Structural and Regional Articulation lines, and have been a mandatory model to be purchased for these since 2015. Until then, exceptions for local lines with low-floor buses were rare, but this has been changing since 2019 and especially since 2023. In 2023, the city banned the purchase of new diesel buses. With the mandatory use of electric buses, new buses on local lines are also being made with low floors, as there
5244-500: The conventional Axess was discontinued in 2015 and the Axess BRT became the sole styling option offered. ElDorado National (California) filed an application in 2002 to trademark the name Axess, and the cited date of first use is 2003. It is the first heavy-duty transit bus offered by ElDorado National, who was better known previously for offering shuttle buses for universities, airport hotels, small transit fleets, and car rental services. Like most low-floor buses offered in North America,
5336-500: The conventional HybriDrive, which uses a motor-generator set to power the electric traction motor, electricity is generated by a 150 kW Ballard Power Systems FCveloCity-HD6 hydrogen fuel cell , with additional power supplied by a lithium-ion storage battery capable of providing 200 kW of power and a capacity of 11.2 kW-hr. Up to 50 kg (110 lb) of gaseous hydrogen fuel can be stored on board, compressed to 350 bar (5,100 psi). The electric traction motor has
5428-502: The conventional buses. A revamp plan is underway to improve bus-shelters in the city and to integrate GPS systems in DTC buses and bus stops so as to provide reliable information about bus arrivals. The Delhi Government decided to expedite this process and procured 6,600 low floor buses for the DTC before commonwealth games in 2010. Kolkata has an extensive network of government run buses. Recently air-conditioned buses have been introduced by
5520-562: The difference between the bus deck and sidewalk. This is distinct from high-floor , a bus deck design that requires climbing one or more steps (now known as step entrance) to access the interior floor that is placed at a higher height. Being low-floor improves the accessibility of the bus for the public, particularly the elderly and people with disabilities , including those using wheelchairs and walkers . Almost all are rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout . Low-floor buses are generally divided into two major types: fully low-floor buses with
5612-445: The doors, where wheelchairs , walkers , strollers/prams, and where allowed even bicycles, can be parked. This is sometimes not the only purpose of this area, though, as many operators employ larger standee areas for high occupancy at peak times. Despite the space existing, operators may also insist that only one or two wheelchairs or pushchairs can be accommodated unfolded, due to space/safety concerns. Low floors can be complemented by
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#17328018509965704-459: The end of 2005, 10 years ahead of the national requirement. London was one of the first major cities in the world to have a fully accessible bus fleet. Due to the deregulated nature of the public transport system in the UK, adoption of the higher cost low floor buses was usually in conjunction with some sort of grant or quality partnership with a local authority , as the profitability of many routes
5796-446: The enforced sale of non-compliant existing vehicles, allowing operators to retain a high floor vehicle until "the end of their economic life". In reality, as the prevalence of low floor buses spreads, combined with grants/incentives, it is likely that the prevalence of high floor vehicles in the national fleet will markedly reduce before all buses were de-registered by 27 October 2014. In the past, in times of reduced economic investment, it
5888-562: The first fuel cell Axess, the E-Z Rider II-based ThunderVolt bus had been assigned SunLine Transit fleet number FC1 in 2002, and a subsequent New Flyer Industries H40LFR -based bus (originally built for BC Transit ) was tested and assigned FC2. SunLine received eight additional AFCBs with the same drivetrain as FC3 and improvements to the battery and fuel cell cooling systems between 2014 and 2018, which were assigned fleet numbers FC4 through FC12 (skipping FC7). FC7
5980-536: The following month. The company expanded its operations in Fort Lauderdale over the next few years. By 2017, Norwegian had established a crew base at the airport and added flights to three more cities in Europe, as well as seasonal service to two Caribbean destinations. Emirates launched a flight to Dubai using a Boeing 777-200LR in December 2016. While major airlines tended to prefer flying into Miami, Emirates chose Fort Lauderdale as its gateway to South Florida because of its codeshare agreement with JetBlue and
6072-446: The grounds of the airport in an unincorporated area. Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport has four terminals with 66 gates and one under construction. Terminal 1, commonly referred to as "The New Terminal," opened in stages between 2001 and 2003 and was designed by Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum and Cartaya Associates. The other three terminals were constructed in 1986 and designed by Reynolds, Smith & Hills as part of
6164-747: The halts. The corporation also had tried Mercedes-Benz Low-Floor buses as well as Ashok Leyland ULE coaches, but chose to stick to the Volvo offering. In order to keep the bus ticket prices low, the BMTC operates the majority of their services using Non-Airconditioned Semi-Low Floor (SLF) buses that have a floor height of 650mm as against the 400mm floor height of the true Low-Floor buses. These buses are from Ashok Leyland and Tata Motors, with future procurements planned to be from Eicher (VECV). These cheaper alternative to low-floor buses do not have kneeling or wheel-chair accessible ramps, but they have air suspension and use
6256-485: The hybrid drivetrain and fuel cell systems; the first AFCB was delivered to SunLine in November 2011 as fleet number FC3. Revenue service at SunLine began in January 2012; FC3 met "Buy America" certification for American-made component content. The fuel cell variant of the Axess uses an electric drivetrain that was developed by BAE Systems as a series hybrid for hybrid bus applications and branded HybriDrive. Unlike
6348-402: The lack of steps, studies have found the opposite effect in the UK. This is apparently due to the prevailing system of operation where passengers enter and exit through one single front door. It has been suggested that the previous 1980s/90s high floor step entrance buses which featured a centre rail, encouraged a bi-directional flow of entering and exiting passengers simultaneously. The removal of
6440-534: The late 1990s, although Miami International Airport still handles most long-haul flights in and out of South Florida. FLL serves as a primary airport for the Fort Lauderdale , Pompano Beach , Coral Springs , and Boca Raton areas, and a secondary airport for parts of Miami and areas north of Boca Raton for flights that are not served by Palm Beach International Airport , such as Delray Beach , Jupiter , Boynton Beach , and West Palm Beach . The airport
6532-423: The low floor, the wheels protrude into the passenger cabin, and need to be contained in wheel pockets of waist height, and this occupies space which would otherwise be used for seating. To allow space for technical equipment, many low-floor buses have the seats mounted on podiums, making a small step up from the floor, while others are able to mount the seats directly to the floor, avoiding the step. Seating layout for
6624-698: The luggage bin. These buses also lack the ability to have a center door. Many bus rapid transit systems employ a level boarding by using high-floor buses stopping at "station" style bus stops. Specially raised sections of curb may also be used to achieve accessibility with lesser low floor models, although this is more expensive for the operator, and only attractive for regular busy scheduled routes. For infrequent routes or routes with hail and ride sections, or demand responsive transport , raised curbs would only be feasible in terminuses . Some transit agencies refused to order low-floor buses altogether, such as New Jersey Transit and MUNI owing to terrain conditions in
6716-547: The mass market, even though they were introduced after the Optare Spectra . London Buses was one of the earliest major users of low-floor buses, with the first low-floor single decker vehicles entering service in 1993 and the first low-floor double decker vehicles entering service in 1998. Following withdrawal of older, high-floor vehicles such as the AEC Routemaster , the bus fleet became fully accessible at
6808-436: The pole to allow wheelchair/buggy access created the situation where the quintessentially polite British bus passenger would wait for all passengers to alight before boarding, leading to an increase in dwell times . Moscow was the first city to introduce low floor as the compulsory requirement for the suppliers of the city buses. By 2005 a few hundreds of low-floor buses started intra-metropolitan service. At first, PAZ-3237
6900-535: The rear axle is not an issue on a low-entry bus. Many low-floor buses, including the Irisbus Citelis (also in Skoda 24Tr trolleybus version), have the engine in a vertical cabinet at the rear of the bus. Van Hool have a series of "side-engine mid-drive" buses that puts the engine off to one side of the cabin longitudinally between the first and the second axle, to maximize usable cabin space. The same concept
6992-506: The rear end of the bus. The same applies to trolley buses that are mostly of low-floor design. Other cities that use low-floor buses on the regular routes are Kazan , Sochi , Tyumen , Pskov and more. Most of these vehicles are domestically manufactured by LiAZ , GAZ , KAMAZ and Volgabus . In the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act is credited with motivating the development of low-floor buses, directly affecting
7084-408: The regions to the center, or connect two large terminals of two regions passing through the center Regional Articulation, which connect distant neighborhoods to the center without passing through large terminals, or connect two distant neighborhoods passing through important regions. Locations/distributors, which connect neighborhoods to large terminals or stations. None of these lines pass through
7176-566: The same or better seats as those found in the Volvo buses. They also feature manual transmission as against automatic transmission With the introduction of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and the development of dedicated corridors for the service, bus service is set to improve. The Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) has started introducing air-conditioned buses and brand new low-floor buses (with floor height of 400 mm (15.75 in) and even higher on one third area as against 230 mm (9.06 in) available internationally) on city streets to replace
7268-558: The same year, the first low floor bus specification was drafted by DPTAC. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 provided for the completion of the Public Service Vehicles Accessibility Regulations 2000, which specified that all new public service vehicles over 22 seats should be low floor from 31 December 2000, with smaller vehicles mandated from 1 January 2005. The 2000 regulations do not require retro-fitting of pre-existing vehicles or
7360-558: The service area. DART still has a preference for high floor buses. Although New York City Transit runs some 40-foot low-floors, it originally refused to order low-floor buses, namely D60LFs from New Flyer , after the D60HF, a high floor model, was discontinued mid-delivery. However, they have demonstrated both the D60LF and NovaBus LFSA, the latter of which they have decided to order. Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation Bangalore
7452-655: The sponsorship of the Federal Transit Administration as the American Fuel Cell Bus Project (AFCB Project), one of the projects established by the National Fuel Cell Bus Program (NFCB Program) in 2006. The AFCB Project was led by CALSTART and SunLine Transit Agency . Although AFCB was part of the initial round of NFCB Program grants starting in 2006, the planned manufacturing partners, including
7544-613: The standardized design of the Transbus Program , which concluded with the introduction of so-called 'interim' Advanced Design Buses with a lower floor height but which required lifts to board passengers in wheelchairs. The first low-floor (low-entry) buses to be delivered were the New Flyer Low Floor D40LF, to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in 1991. The New Flyer LF was derived from
7636-500: The terminal access road. Emirates ended service to Fort Lauderdale in 2020. In 2021, it began flying to Miami instead, which had more cargo traffic and connecting flights to other countries. In the same year, Norwegian decided to discontinue all of its flights to the United States, leaving the airport without transatlantic service. Norse Atlantic Airways launched a direct flight to Oslo in June 2022. In April 2023, historic flooding in
7728-515: Was a variant of the Axess-based AFCB, built as a "battery dominant" bus with a lower fuel cell output. Unlike FC3, which had its powertrain and fuel cell installed in New York, the subsequent AFCBs were all assembled entirely at ElDorado National's Riverside, California factory. By July 2018, ENC had produced 20 fuel cell buses for transit agencies throughout California, including SunLine, UC Irvine (2015), and OCTA (2016). Also in 2018,
7820-436: Was also utilized by Volvo on their B9S articulated chassis. For smaller buses, such as midibuses , the low-floor capability is achieved by placing the front wheels ahead of the entrance. One of the last types of buses to gain low-floor accessibility as standard was the minibus , where a similar front-wheel arrangement allows around 12 seats and a wheelchair space to be accommodated in very small low-floor minibuses , such as
7912-535: Was closed and decommissioned in 2013 as part of the Airport Expansion Program which extended runway 10R/28L. In December 2022, there were 100 aircraft based at this airport: 11 single-engine, 7 multi-engine, 80 jet, and 2 helicopter. Silver Airways has its headquarters in Suite 201 of the 1100 Lee Wagener Blvd building. When Chalk's International Airlines existed, its headquarters was on
8004-644: Was completed in June 2017. As of 2024, Terminal 5 was under construction with completion expected in 2026. Terminal 1 , known as the Yellow Terminal, contains Concourses A, B & C and 23 gates. Concourse A mainly serves international travelers. United Airlines operates a United Club in Concourse C, which originally opened with the new Terminal in May 2001 as a Continental Airlines Presidents Club before United merged with Continental Airlines . This terminal
8096-574: Was not high enough to justify conversion based purely on increased revenue. It has been reported however that adoption of so-called Easy Access buses does have a positive effect of ridership and revenue levels. Under the Transport Act 1985 the Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee (DPTAC) (or commonly DiPTAC) was established to provide independent consultation on accessibility issues. In
8188-439: Was not uncommon for service buses to be used for 15 to 20 years. While some coaches have been produced with a small front low floor section at the driver's level, most coaches in the UK are being made accessible through the use of wheelchair lifts , with the 2005 Caetano Levante being one of the largest introductions. While another widely stated benefit of low floor buses is quicker boarding for able-bodied passengers due to
8280-459: Was not until 2012 that the first low-floor bus in the country were added to its fleet, being a 1999 Marcopolo Viale imported used from Argentina. In São Paulo, low-floor buses began to become popular in the 2000s with the creation of the so-called Sistema Interligado (Interconnected System, in English) which divided bus routes into so-called lines: Structural, which connect the large terminals of
8372-532: Was selected for the city centre, while LiAZ-5292 were chosen to serve city outskirts. Later the articulated version of the latter, specifically designed for Moscow, the LiAZ-6213 was introduced. In St.Petersburg the transition to low-floor-only city bus services was completed only by 2021. Besides LiAZ-5292 and LiAZ-6213 and other full low-floor models that account for 85% of the city buses, there are also semi low-floor buses in service, with elevated floor in
8464-592: Was the home base for Flight 19 , the five TBM Avengers that disappeared in December 1945, leading in part to the notoriety of the Bermuda Triangle . NAS Fort Lauderdale closed on October 1, 1946, and was transferred to county control, becoming Broward County International Airport . Commercial flights to Nassau began on June 2, 1953, and domestic flights began in 1958–1959: Northeast Airlines and National Airlines DC-6Bs flew nonstop to Idlewild , and Northeast flew nonstop to Washington National. In 1959,
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