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20-570: EPNER was established in 1946 (78 years ago)  ( 1946 ) at the French flight test centre in Brétigny-sur-Orge , to train specialist crews involved in test flying. They underwent theoretical and practical training to allow flight testing of aircraft to be conducted in the safest possible conditions. Based on Istres since 1962, EPNER is a division of the CEV reporting directly to

40-528: A stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . RER C [REDACTED] Wheelchair accessibility must be booked in advance. RER C is one of the five lines in the Réseau Express Régional (English: Regional Express Network), a hybrid commuter rail and rapid transit system serving Paris and its suburbs. The 186-kilometre (116 mi) line crosses the region from north to south. Briefly, between September 1979 and May 1980,

60-532: A letter that corresponds to the train's terminus. For example, trains displaying NORA terminate at Pontoise because NORA starts with the letter 'N' (and codes that start with the letter 'N' indicate the destination of Pontoise). Several services had the code name changed in 2015, for example KUMA to KYVI . The extension of the Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines branch to Coignières station , with intermediate stops at Trappes and La Verrière ,

80-532: Is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris , France , 26.7 km (16.6 mi) from the city center . The name of the settlement is attested as Britiniacum in 1146, as Bretigniacum in 1548, and subsequently as Breteigny. The origins of Brétigny start in the era of Roman Gaul . The etymology comes from the Latin britiniacum , which means "property of the Breton". The name certifies that this territory

100-723: The Invalides , terminus of the Rive Gauche line to Versailles , along the banks of the Seine . Services operated between Versailles-Château-Rive-Gauche – Invalides – Quai-d'Orsay , branching to Massy – Palaiseau , and Juvisy – Dourdan / Saint-Martin d'Étampes . At that point the line was named the Transversal Rive Gauche . In May 1980, service was extended to Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines – Versailles – Chantiers – Gare des Invalides . The RER C designation

120-594: The Métro can be faster than taking the RER C with its closely spaced stops. In addition, the RER C's complicated operating schedule created by its complex network of numerous branches means the entire line is vulnerable to delays from even small incidents. Line C was opened on 26 September 1979, following the construction of a new 1-kilometre (0.62 mi) tunnel connecting the Gare d'Orsay railway terminus (now Musée d'Orsay ) with

140-794: The Direction des Centres d’expertise et d’Essais (DCE) under the control of the procurement agency of the French Ministry of Defense , the DGA ( Direction générale de l'armement ). This gives the school a unique position between the armed forces and industry on the one hand and between the activities of testing military and civilian sectors on the other. EPNER provides training for test pilots, flight test engineers, flight engineers and technicians involved in flight testing and airtraffic controllers involved in control of flight tests. Aircrew training include Class A (Experimental and Acceptance Testing) or

160-578: The RER C alone, and carries over 540,000 passengers daily, 150,000 passengers more than the entirety of the TGV network. It is the most popular RER line for tourists, who represent 15% of its passengers, as the line serves many monuments and museums, including the Palace of Versailles . However, the numerous stops, combined with the old and fragile infrastructure the line inherited, makes the Parisian section of

180-456: The RER C slow and inefficient. The numerous old curves and steep grades on RER C mean trains sometimes need to slow down to 30 km/h (19 mph) to safely pass sections with tight alignments. In contrast, RER A was constructed with more modern standards enabling much higher average operating speeds. These problems are particularly evident on trips to and from the northern suburbs to the city center as taking Transilien lines and transferring to

200-558: The RER C's main trunk at Champ de Mars-Tour Eiffel via a curved bridge (the only one in Paris) over the Seine river. That extended services to Montigny – Beauchamp and Argenteuil . The station Porte de Clichy , located between Pereire – Levallois and Saint-Ouen , opened on 29 September 1991. In 1992, the line was extended from Juvisy to Versailles . A further 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) extension from Montigny – Beauchamp to Pontoise

220-593: The line between Versailles-Chantiers and Massy-Palaiseau was transferred to the new Transilien Line V which operates a shuttle service between the two stations. The line between Savigny-sur-Orge and Massy-Palaiseau was also separated from RER C and is since served by the tram-train line T12 Express . Like all other RER lines in Paris, the mission code , or the name of service , consists of four letters. The names of services are displayed on trains and on passenger information display systems . The four-letter code begins with

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240-573: The line was known as the Transversal Rive Gauche . The line is operated by SNCF . The line runs from the northern termini Pontoise (C1), Versailles-Château-Rive-Gauche (C5) and Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (C7) to the southern termini Massy-Palaiseau (C2), Dourdan-la-Forêt (C4) and Saint-Martin d'Étampes (C6). The RER C line is the second-longest in the network, created from an amalgamation and renovation of several old SNCF commuter lines unlike RER A and B which had newer sections owned and constructed by RATP . Each day, over 531 trains run on

260-751: The shorter Class B (Acceptance Testing) courses on either fixed or rotary-wing aircraft. A light aircraft test pilot course is also offered. Fixed wing aircrew can expect to fly Mirage 2000 , Alphajet , CASA 235 (twin turboprop), Falcon 20 , PC 7 , Gliders, Airbus A320 , CL415 Water Bomber , and numerous other types. Rotary wing aircrew will fly Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin , Squirrel , Puma , Super Puma , Gazelle , Robinson R44 , Bell 205 , BO 105 , Lynx and other types. 43°31′22″N 4°55′25″E  /  43.5229°N 4.9235°E  / 43.5229; 4.9235 Br%C3%A9tigny-sur-Orge Brétigny-sur-Orge ( French pronunciation: [bʁetiɲi syʁ ɔʁʒ] , literally Brétigny on Orge )

280-401: Was 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) on 25 July 2019; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −18.8 °C (−1.8 °F) on 16 January 1985. It is served by Brétigny station on Paris RER line C . On 12 July 2013 an intercity train derailed shortly after 17.00, killing 7 people. Inhabitants of Brétigny-sur-Orge are known as Brétignolais . This Essonne geographical article is

300-667: Was added in 1898. Brétigny-sur-Orge has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ). The average annual temperature in Brétigny-sur-Orge is 11.9 °C (53.4 °F). The average annual rainfall is 628.9 mm (24.76 in) with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 20.2 °C (68.4 °F), and lowest in January, at around 4.5 °C (40.1 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Brétigny-sur-Orge

320-471: Was during that period dedicated to a Breton, coming from (Great) Britain, during the period of Briton migration (6th century). Brétigny afterwards belonged to the royal estate of the Merovingian kings (from the 5th century until the 8th century). At the time of the creation of the commune, the city name was spelled without any accent. This accent was added in 1801, and the name of the river ("on Orge ")

340-594: Was included in Phase 1 (2013-2020) of the Schéma directeur de la région Île-de-France (SDRIF) adopted by the Regional Council of Île-de-France on September 25, 2008. However, this vital project to serve the Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines conurbation (improved service to La Verrière and Trappes stations, and control of (high) ridership at Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Montigny-le-Bretonneux station) has been delayed due to

360-464: Was opened on 28 August 2000. On the same day a new station, Bibliothèque François Mitterrand, opened in order to create a new connexion with Métro Line 14 , located between Paris-Austerlitz and Boulevard Masséna, which was closed and replaced by the new station. Another new station, Saint-Ouen-l'Aumône-Liesse , opened on 24 March 2002. On 27 August 2006, the C3 branch (from Ermont–Eaubonne to Argenteuil )

380-525: Was then only introduced from this point onwards, replacing the Transversal Rive Gauche name. On 25 September 1988, the VMI ("Vallée de Montmorency – Invalides") branch to the north-west opened. This branch mostly used the infrastructure of the "ligne d'Auteuil" (incorporated into the " ligne de petite ceinture " from 1867, closed to passengers from 22 July 1934), and a new 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) tunnel connection between Batignolles and Saint-Ouen , connecting to

400-625: Was transferred to the Transilien Paris – Saint-Lazare suburban rail network (Transilien Line J). On 16 December 2006, Boulevard Victor was renamed Boulevard Victor – Pont du Garigliano to highlight the new interchange with tramway line T3 . In February 2012, the station Versailles – Rive Gauche was renamed Versailles-Château-Rive-Gauche, to highlight its proximity to the Palace of Versailles and to avoid confusion with other stations in Versailles served by RER C. In December 2023,

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