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91-525: The word came from Luganda language e ntebe which means 'seat' / 'chair'. Entebbe was a cultural site for the Mamba clan and it was called "entebbe za Mugula" - Mugula was the title of a chief of a subdivision of the Mamba clan - and is now the location of the official office and residence of the President of Uganda , as it was for British governors before independence. Entebbe was the former seat of power in

182-752: A Ugandan government organization which provides space to conduct research to the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative HIV vaccine program, the UK Medical Research Centre Laboratories (MRC), the US Centre for Disease Control (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Most research performed at UVRI is infectious disease -oriented and focuses on HIV , tuberculosis , malaria and helminth infections. It

273-631: A lateral approximant [l] elsewhere. However, there is considerable variation in this, and using one allophone instead of the other causes no ambiguity. So lwaki /lwáːci/ 'why' may also be pronounced [rwáːci] , [ɾwáːci] , [ɹwáːtʃi] etc . Treating the geminate and prenasalised consonants as separate phonemes yields the expanded consonant set below: This simplifies the phonotactic rules so that all syllables are of one of three forms: where V = vowel , C = consonant (including geminate and prenasalised consonants), N = nasal stop , S = semivowel ( i.e. either /j/ or /w/ ). Vowel length

364-415: A nasal stop ). This consonant will be [m] , [n] , [ɲ] [ɱ] or [ŋ] according to the place of articulation of the consonant which follows, and belongs to the same syllable as that consonant. The liquid /l~r/ becomes /d/ when geminated or prenasalised . For example, ndaba /n̩dába/ 'I see' (from the root - laba with the subject prefix n -); eddagala /edːáɡala/ 'leaf' (from

455-537: A U.S. drone strike carried out as part of the broader mission killed Al-Shabaab leader Moktar Ali Zubeyr . According to Pentagon spokesperson Admiral John Kirby, the Ugandan AMISOM forces had informed U.S. intelligence about where Godane and other Al-Shabaab leaders were meeting and provided information on a convoy of vehicles in which he was traveling. Al-Shabaab subsequently threatened an attack in Uganda for

546-668: A branch in Entebbe. In 2014, the American fast-food chain KFC opened a franchise in the town. Entebbe is home to the Entebbe Children's Surgical Hospital , a children's hospital, center of excellence for pediatric surgery, owned and operated by Emergency , an international NGO that offers "free medical treatment to the victims of war, poverty and landmines". Entebbe experiences a tropical rainforest climate ( Af ) according to

637-480: A bántú mú Úg áń da 'people in Uganda', there is a plateau from the phrasal tone of abántú to the lexical tone of Ug áń da , and in t ú gen dá mú lúgúú dó 'we are going into the street', there is a plateau from the phrasal tone of t ú gendá to the phrasal tone of lugúúdó . Again there are certain exceptions; for example, there is no plateau before the words ono 'this' or bonn â 'all': muntú onó 'this person', abántú bonn â 'all

728-587: A colonial Commissioner, used it as a base. Port Bell went on to become Kampala's harbour. Although no ships dock there now, there is still a jetty , which was used by Lake Victoria ferries . Entebbe International Airport, the main international airport of Uganda, has been the site of some well known events, making it famous in Europe and abroad. It was from this airport that Queen Elizabeth II departed Africa to return to England in 1952 when she learned of her father's death and that she had become Queen. The airport

819-537: A day later. The aircraft were supporting AMISOM in the ongoing Somali Civil War . An accompanying Mil Mi-17 transport helicopter landed without problems in the eastern Kenyan town of Garissa near the Somali border for a scheduled refuelling stop. In August 2014, AMISOM launched Operation Indian Ocean against al-Shabaab in Lower Shabelle and other coastal areas of southcentral Somalia. On 1 September 2014,

910-405: A northerner and longtime opponent of autonomy for the southern kingdoms including Buganda, was prime minister. Mutesa recognized the seriousness of the rank-and-file demands for Africanising the officer corps, but was more concerned about the potential northern domination of the military, a concern that reflected the power struggle between Mutesa and Obote. Mutesa used his political power to protect

1001-526: A pay raise and a Ugandan officer corps. They also detained their British officers, several non-commissioned officers, and Minister of Interior Felix Onama , who had arrived in Jinja to represent the government's views to the rank and file. Obote appealed for British military support, hoping to prevent the mutiny from spreading to other parts of the country. About 450 British soldiers from the 2nd Battalion, The Scots Guards and Staffordshire Regiment (elements of

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1092-460: A road?'. Syllables can take any of the following forms: where V = vowel , C = single consonant (including nasals and semivowels but excluding geminates), G = geminate consonant , N = nasal stop , S = semivowel These forms are subject to certain phonotactic restrictions: The net effect of this is that all Luganda words follow the general pattern of alternating consonant clusters and vowels , beginning with either but always ending in

1183-415: A sentence, the lexical tones (that is, the high tones of individual words) tend to fall gradually in a series of steps from high to low. For example, in the sentence kye kib ú ga ekik ú lu mu Ug áń da 'it is the chief city in Uganda', the lexical high tones of the syllables bú , kú and gá stand out and gradually descend in pitch, the toneless syllables in between being lower. This phenomenon

1274-557: A short vowel is followed by a geminate consonant, is very slightly shorter than tuuk or tung . The table below gives the consonant set of Luganda, grouping voiceless and voiced consonants together in a cell where appropriate, in that order. Apart from /l~r/ , all these consonants can be geminated , even at the start of a word: bbiri /bːíri/ 'two', kitto /cítːo/ 'cold'. The approximants /w/ and /j/ are geminated as /ɡːw/ and /ɟː/ : eggwanga /eɡːwáːŋɡa/ 'country'; jjenje /ɟːéːɲɟe/ 'cricket'—from

1365-565: A specialized unit of the Uganda People's Defense Forces , responsible for the security of the president of Uganda, his immediate family, constitutional monarchs, state guests and vital national assets, including the national oil fields, maintains its headquarters in Entebbe. Other points of interest within the city limits or close to its edges include the offices of Entebbe City Council and several branches of foreign and indigenous commercial banks. The supermarket chain, Shoprite , maintains

1456-407: A third battalion at Mubende , a signals squadron at Jinja, and an antiaircraft detachment. On 1 July 1965, six units were formed: a brigade reconnaissance, an army ordnance depot (seemingly located at Magamaga ), a brigade signals squadron training wing, a records office, a pay and pensions office, and a Uganda army workshop. Tensions rose in the power struggle over control of the government and

1547-753: A training regiment. There were a total of 35 T-34, T-55, and M-4 Sherman medium tanks. SIPRI assessed decades later that ten T-34s had been supplied from Libya in 1975-76. An air arm was 1,000 strong with 21 MiG-21 and 10 MiG-17 combat aircraft. The IISS noted that the Uganda Army collapsed in the face of the Tanzanian onslaught and the serviceable aircraft were removed to Tanzania. Its remnants fled into exile in Zaire and Sudan, from where they launched an insurgency. Meanwhile, pro-Tanzanian rebel groups were reorganized to become Uganda's new regular military. After

1638-503: A turning point in civil–military relations. The mutiny reinforced the army's political strength. Within weeks of the mutiny, the president's cabinet also approved a military pay raise retroactive to 1 January 1964, more than doubling the salaries of those in private to staff-sergeant ranks. Additionally, the government raised defense allocations by 400 percent. The number of Ugandan officers increased from 18 to 55. Two northerners, Shaban Opolot and Idi Amin , assumed command positions in

1729-494: A very high sound-to-letter correspondence: one letter usually represents one sound and vice versa. The distinction between simple and geminate consonants is always represented explicitly: simple consonants are written single, and geminates are written double. The distinction between long and short vowels is always made clear from the spelling but not always explicitly: short vowels are always written single; long vowels are written double only if their length cannot be inferred from

1820-626: A vowel followed by a prenasalised consonant ( Abagândá 'Baganda people'), and those following a consonant plus semivowel ( okulwâlá [okulwáalá] 'to fall sick'). They can also be heard on final vowels, e.g. ensî 'country'. Words in Luganda commonly belong to one of three patterns (other patterns are less common): (a) without lexical tone, e.g. ekitabo 'book'; (b) with one high lexical tone, e.g. ekib ú ga 'city'; (c) with two high lexical tones, e.g. K á mpal á which link together to make HHH, i.e. [Kámpálá] or [Kámpálâ] . At

1911-493: A vowel is not affected by its length. Long vowels in Luganda are very long, more than twice the length of a short vowel. A vowel before a prenasalised consonant , as in Bugáńda ' Buganda ' is also lengthened, although it is not as long as a long vowel; laboratory measurements show that the vowel + nasal takes the same length of time to say as a long vowel. Before a geminate , all vowels are short. A segment such as tugg , where

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2002-925: A vowel: where V = vowel , X = consonant cluster , (V) = optional vowel This is reflected in the syllabification rule that in writing, words are always hyphenated after a vowel (when breaking a word over two lines). For example, Emmotoka yange ezze 'My car has arrived' would be split into syllables as E‧mmo‧to‧ka ya‧nge e‧zze . The palatal plosives /c/ and /ɟ/ may be realised with some affrication — either as [cç] and [ɟʝ] or as postalveolars /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ respectively. In speech, word-final vowels are often elided in these conditioning environments: For example, ekiddugavu /ecídːuɡavu/ 'black' may be pronounced [ecídːuɡavʷu] or [ecídːuɡavʷ] . Similarly lwaki /lwáːci/ 'why' may be pronounced [lwáːci] , [lwáːc] or [lwáːtʃ] . Long vowels before prenasalised fricatives (that is, before /nf/ , /nv/ , /ns/ or /nz/ ) may be nasalised , and

2093-399: A word, e.g. ekib ú ga 'city'; (b) phrasal tones, which are automatically added to a word in certain contexts, but which are absent in other contexts (e.g. ekítábó or ekitabo 'book'); (c) plateaux tones, where the pitch remains high between two lexical tones, e.g. k í rí mú Úg áń da 'it is in Uganda'; (d) grammatical tones, which are associated with certain tenses or uses of

2184-517: Is Kenyan Lieutenant General Jonathan Rono . The force commander in 2009, Ugandan Major General Nathan Mugisha , was wounded in a car bomb attack on 17 September 2009 that left nine soldiers dead, including Burundian Major General Juvenal Niyoyunguruza , the second in command. The United States has provided extensive training for UPDF contingents headed for Somalia. In the first half of 2012, Force Recon Marines from Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force 12 (SPMAGTF-12) trained soldiers from

2275-676: Is Uganda's de facto language of national identity as it is the most widely spoken Ugandan language used mostly in trade in urban areas. The language is also the most-spoken unofficial language in Rwanda 's capital Kigali . As a second language, it follows English and precedes Swahili in Uganda. Lusoga , the language spoken in Busoga to the east of Buganda, is very closely related to Luganda. The two languages are almost mutually intelligible , and have an estimated lexical similarity of between 82% and 86%. A notable feature of Luganda phonology

2366-597: Is also home for the headquarters of Uganda National Medical Stores , until the new headquarters and main warehouse building in Kajjansi is completed, then the headquarters will relocate to Kajjansi. The head office of the Ugandan Civil Aviation Authority is on the property of Entebbe International Airport . The Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries maintains its headquarters in Entebbe. The Special Forces Command,

2457-619: Is at Yambio in South Sudan. The first Force Commander was Ugandan Colonel Dick Olum and the Deputy Force Commander was Colonel Gabriel Ayok Akuok. RTF operations, however, were plagued with difficulties, including the fact that Ugandan forces were restricted from operating in the DRC. In October 2014, RTF Commander Brigadier Sam Kavuma was deployed to Somalia and his place taken by Brigadier Lucky Kidega By March 2016,

2548-418: Is at least one low-toned mora after the lexical tone. When this happens, the high tones which follow the low tone are slightly lower than the one which precedes it. However, there are certain contexts, such as when a toneless word is used as the subject of a sentence or before a numeral, when this tone-raising rule does not apply: Masindi kib ú ga 'Masindi is a city'; ebitabo kk ú mi 'ten books'. In

2639-436: Is called ' downdrift '. However, there are certain types of phrase, notably those in the form 'noun + of + noun', or 'verb + location', where downdrift does not occur, and instead all the syllables in between the two lexical high tones link together into a 'tonal plateau', in which all the vowels have tones of equal height, for example mu mas é réngétá g á Úg áń da 'in the south of Uganda' or k í rí mú Úg áń da 'it

2730-465: Is in Uganda'. Plateauing also occurs within a word, as in K á mpál â (see above). A plateau cannot be formed between a lexical tone and a following phrasal tone; so in the sentence k í ri mu Bunyóró 'it is in Bunyoro' there is downdrift, since the tones of Bunyóró are phrasal. But a phrasal tone can and frequently does form a plateau with a following lexical tone or phrasal tone. So in

2821-439: Is its geminate consonants and distinctions between long and short vowels. Speakers generally consider consonantal gemination and vowel lengthening to be two manifestations of the same effect, which they call simply "doubling" or "stressing". Luganda is also a tonal language ; the change in the pitch of a syllable can change the meaning of a word. For example, the word kabaka means 'king' if all three syllables are given

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2912-436: Is no tendency in Luganda for penultimate vowels to become long; in fact they are very frequently short, as in the city name Kampala Kámpalâ , pronounced [káámpálâ] , in which the second vowel is short in Luganda. All five vowels have two forms: long and short . The distinction is phonemic but can occur only in certain positions. After two consonants, the latter being a semivowel , all vowels are long. The quality of

3003-653: Is pronounced as though written Yuganda and Teso is pronounced Tteeso . Uganda People%27s Defense Force The Uganda People's Defence Force ( UPDF ), previously known as the National Resistance Army , is the armed forces of Uganda . From 2007 to 2011, the International Institute for Strategic Studies estimated the UPDF had a total strength of 40,000–45,000, consisting of land forces and an air wing. Recruitment to

3094-618: Is spoken by more than 5.56 million Baganda and other people principally in central Uganda, including the country's capital, Kampala . Typologically , it is an agglutinative , tonal language with subject–verb–object word order and nominative–accusative morphosyntactic alignment . With at least 5.6 million first-language speakers in the Buganda region and 5.4 million second language speakers fluent elsewhere in different regions especially in major urban areas like Mbale , Tororo , Jinja , Gulu , Mbarara , Hoima , Kasese etc. Luganda

3185-400: Is then only distinctive before simple consonants ( i.e. simple plosives, simple fricatives, simple nasals, approximants and liquids)—not before geminate or nasalised consonants or at the end of a word. Luganda spelling , which has been standardized since 1947, uses a Latin alphabet , augmented with one new letter ŋ and a digraph ny , which is treated as a single letter. It has

3276-422: Is usually pronounced [e:kítábó] and ssomero 'school' is pronounced [ssóméró] (where the long consonant /ss/ counts as the first mora). These tones automatically added to toneless words are called 'phrasal tones'. The tone-raising rule also applies to the toneless syllables at the end of words like eddw â liro [eddwáalíró] 'hospital' and t ú genda [túgeendá] 'we are going', provided that there

3367-546: Is water. The coordinates of Entebbe are:0°03'00.0"N, 32°27'36.0"E (Latitude:0.0500; Longitude:32.4600). Neighborhoods within Entebbe City include Bugonga, Katabi, Nakiwogo, Nsamizi, Kitooro, Lunnyo and Lugonjo . During the 2002 national census, Entebbe's population was estimated at 55,100 people. In 2010, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) estimated the population of the town at 76,500. In 2011, UBOS estimated

3458-466: The 24th Infantry Brigade ) responded. They surrounded the First Battalion barracks at Jinja, seized the armory, and quelled the mutiny. The government responded two days later by dismissing several hundred soldiers from the army, several of whom were subsequently detained. Although the authorities later released many of the detained soldiers and reinstated some in the army, the mutiny marked

3549-686: The DRC's armed forces and elements of the Sudan People's Liberation Army . Called "Operation Lightning Thunder" by the UPDF, it was commanded by Brigadier Patrick Kankiriho , commander of the 3rd Division. In February 2023, President Museveni warned the UPDF against brutality towards civilians, and corruption. The UPDF has more than 6,200 soldiers serving with the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). The AMISOM force commander

3640-459: The Köppen climate classification as the city has no real dry season throughout the year. Its driest month is July with precipitation averaging 72 millimetres or 2.83 inches, while the wettest is April with precipitation averaging 264 millimetres or 10.39 inches. The temperature is moderated by the altitude. The hottest month is February with an average temperature of 22.8 °C (73.0 °F), while

3731-424: The National Resistance Army that became Uganda's new national armed forces. Fred Rwigyema was appointed deputy minister of defense and deputy army commander-in-chief, second only to Museveni in the military chain of command for the nation. Paul Kagame was appointed acting chief of military intelligence. Other Tutsi refugees were highly placed: Peter Baingana was head of NRA medical services and Chris Bunyenyezi

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3822-768: The Regional Task Force (RTF) of up to 5,000 troops from the four countries. United States special forces were already assisting Ugandan forces in their operations against the LRA in the DRC and the CAR. In 2014, these forces were still assisting the RTF. The RTF started to take form in September 2012. By February 2013, the RTF had 3,350 soldiers and had finished deploying to the three sectors envisioned, with bases at Dungu, Obo, and Nzara (South Sudan). The RTF headquarters

3913-654: The Ugandan People's Congress . Later, Amin was appointed Chief of the Army and Air Force Staff, while Brigadier Opolot was demoted to the Ministry of Defence as Chief of the Defence Staff. On 24 May 1966, Obote ousted Mutesa, assumed his office as president and commander in chief, suspended the 1962 constitution, and consolidated his control over the military by eliminating several rivals. In October 1966 Opolot

4004-419: The Army to form this new battalion, and ... the new recruits were not given proper training" because the Army was already heavily committed to its various operations. In January 1964, following a mutiny by Tanganyikan soldiers in protest over their own Africanisation crisis, unrest spread throughout the Uganda Army. On 22 January 1964, soldiers of the 1st Battalion in Jinja mutinied to press their demands for

4095-800: The June 2003 UPDF withdrawal of troops from the DRC, limited nonlethal military assistance has restarted. The UPDF participates in the African Contingency Operations Training and Assistance programme with the United States. After several interventions in the Congo, the UPDF was involved in a further incursion there, from December 2008 stretching into February 2009, against the LRA in the Garamba area. UPDF special forces and artillery, supported by aircraft, were joined by

4186-436: The UPDF and may have impacted the international aid Uganda receives. Western nations have sent a limited level of military aid to Uganda. "Between 1990 and 2002, the army payroll had at least 18,000 ghost soldiers, according to a report by General David Tinyefuza ." The problem continued in 2003, when there was a severe problem of "ghost" soldiers within the UPDF. As of 2008, these personnel problems has been exacerbated by

4277-696: The UPDF contingent's role within AMISOM and the strike on Godane. The Ugandan security services, with the assistance of the U.S. military and intelligence, then identified and foiled a major Al-Shabaab terrorist attack in the Ugandan capital Kampala. They recovered suicide vests, other explosives, and small arms and detained Al-Shabaab operatives. On 10 August 2021 Ugandan AMISOM soldiers were ambushed by Al-Shabab near Golweyn in Lower Shabelle . A gunfight ensued in which one UPDF soldier died. But after

4368-552: The UPDF. In addition, a significant amount of support to AMISOM has been provided by private companies. "Bancroft Global Development, headquartered on Washington's Embassy Row, employs about 40 South African and European trainers who work with [AMISOM's] Ugandan and Burundian troops." Bancroft director Michael Stock told The EastAfrican that these mentors are embedded with AMISOM units in Mogadishu and southern and central Somalia. They coach commanders on how to predict and defeat

4459-987: The Uganda Army and later received promotions to Brigadier and commander in chief, and army chief of staff, respectively. Following the 1964 mutiny, the government remained fearful of internal opposition. Obote moved the army headquarters approximately 87 kilometres (54 mi) from Jinja to Kampala. He also created a secret police force, the General Service Unit (GSU) to bolster security. Most GSU employees guarded government offices in and around Kampala, but some also served in overseas embassies and other locations throughout Uganda. When British training programs ended, Israel started training Uganda's army, air force, and GSU personnel. Several other countries also provided military assistance to Uganda. Decalo writes: using classic 'divide and rule' tactics, he [Obote] appointed different foreign military missions to each battalion, scrambled operational chains of command, played

4550-680: The Ugandan RTF Commander was Colonel Richard Otto . During January 2016, UPDF 11 Battalion was based with the RTF in the CAR. In mid-2016, it was reported that Uganda would withdraw its contribution to the RTF by the end of the year. December 2013: Uganda reportedly deploys troops to Juba to evacuate Ugandan nationals following outbreak of fighting. 13 January 2014: President Museveni speaks of battle 90 km south of Bor involving UPDF. 16 January 2014: Colonel Kayanja Muhanga announced as UPDF force commander in South Sudan. January 2014: Ambush and battle reported at Tabakeka,

4641-703: The Uganda–Tanzania War, fighters available to the new government included only the fewer than 1,000 troops who had fought alongside the Tanzanian People's Defence Force (TPDF) to expel Amin. The army was back to the size of the original army at independence in 1962. Titularly, Colonel Tito Okello served as army commander and Colonel David Oyite Ojok as chief of staff, leading the Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA). But in 1979, in an attempt to consolidate support for

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4732-434: The addition of an object-marker such as mu 'him' adds further complications. In addition to lexical tones, phrasal tones, and the tonal patterns of tenses, there are also intonational tones in Luganda, for example, tones of questions. One rather unexpected phenomenon for English speakers is that if a yes–no question ends in a toneless word, instead of a rise, there is a sharp drop in pitch, e.g. lúnó lúgúúdò? 'is this

4823-498: The army seized power in a coup d'état . Shortly after the expulsion of Asians in 1972, Obote launched a small invasion across the Tanzanian border into south-western Uganda. His small army contingent in 27 trucks set out to capture the southern Ugandan military post at Masaka but instead settled down to await a general uprising against Amin, which did not occur. A planned seizure of the airport at Entebbe by soldiers in an allegedly hijacked East African Airways passenger aircraft

4914-510: The army and over the relationship between the army and the Baganda people. During Obote's absence on 4 February 1966, a motion opposing him was introduced to parliament by Grace Ibingira , which called to suspend Amin and investigate Obote and three others (including Amin) for supposedly accepting gold and ivory from Congolese rebels. On 22 February, Obote arrested Ibingira and four other ministers, essentially dismantling opposition to himself in

5005-583: The army stepped up recruitment, and the government increased the use of the army to quell domestic unrest. The army became more closely involved in politics, setting a pattern that continued after independence. In January 1960, for example, troops were deployed to Bugisu and Bukedi districts in the east to quell political violence. In the process, the soldiers killed 12 people, injured several hundred, and arrested more than 1,000. A series of similar clashes occurred between troops and demonstrators, and in March 1962

5096-442: The army was reduced from 100,000 to 40,000, and the civil service from 320,000 to 156,000. Yet the defence budget rose from $ 44 million in 1991 as far as $ 200 million in 2004. Somerville ascribes the budget rise to the rebellion in the north, Uganda's military intervention in the Congo , and "massive corruption" - 'ghost soldiers' who did not exist, whose (real) salaries were claimed by senior officers. The National Resistance Army

5187-549: The bush in 1982, was made public. This was later formalized as Legal Notice No. 1 of 1986 (Amendment), and served as a basis for relations among soldiers and between the NRA and the public. After the MRM victory steps were taken to institutionalize the NRA, including the setting-up of a bureaucracy; uniforms; regimental colours; training programmes; ranks; and pay and privileges. A number of key Rwanda Patriotic Front personnel became part of

5278-436: The context. Stress and tones are not represented in the spelling. The following phonemes are always represented with the same letter or combination of letters: The following phonemes can be represented with two letters or combinations of letters, with the alternation predictable from the context: The following phonemes can be represented with two letters or combinations of letters, with unpredictable alternation between

5369-530: The coolest is July with an average temperature of 20.6 °C (69.1 °F). [REDACTED] Media related to Entebbe at Wikimedia Commons Luganda language Ganda or Luganda ( / l uː ˈ ɡ æ n d ə / loo- GAN -də ; Oluganda [oluɡâːndá] ) is a Bantu language spoken in the African Great Lakes region. It is one of the major languages in Uganda and

5460-517: The country, but has now been replaced by Kampala. Entebbe sits on the northern shores of Lake Victoria , Africa's largest lake . The town is situated in Wakiso District , approximately 34 kilometres (21 mi) south of Kampala , Uganda's capital and largest city. The metropolis is located on a peninsula into Lake Victoria, covering a total area of 56.2 square kilometres (21.7 sq mi), out of which 20 km (7.7 sq mi)

5551-426: The end of a sentence, a final lexical tone becomes a falling tone, i.e. [Kámpálâ], but in other contexts, e.g. when the word is used as the subject of a sentence, it remains high: Kámpálá kibúga 'Kampala is a city'. Although words like ekitabo are theoretically toneless, they are generally subject to a tone-raising rule whereby all but the first mora automatically acquire a high tone. Thus ekitabo 'book'

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5642-516: The fact that some verbs have a high lexical tone on the first syllable of the root, while others do not, and also by the fact that the sequence HH generally becomes HL by a rule called Meeussen's rule . Thus asóma means 'he reads', but when the toneless prefix a- 'he/she' is replaced by the high-toned prefix bá- 'they', instead of básóma it becomes básomá 'they read'. The tones of verbs in relative clauses and in negative sentences differ from those in ordinary positive sentences and

5733-454: The forces is done annually. After Uganda achieved independence in October 1962, British officers retained most high-level military commands. Ugandans in the rank and file claimed this policy blocked promotions and kept their salaries disproportionately low. These complaints eventually destabilized the armed forces, already weakened by ethnic divisions. Each post-independence regime expanded

5824-406: The future, leaders such as Yoweri Museveni and Major General (later Chief of Staff) Ojok began to enroll thousands of recruits into what were rapidly becoming their private armies. Museveni's 80 original soldiers grew to 8,000; Ojok's original 600 became 24,000. When then-President Godfrey Binaisa sought to curb the use of these militias, which were harassing and detaining political opponents, he

5915-590: The government recognized the army's growing domestic importance by transferring control of the military to the Ministry of Home Affairs. On 9 October 1962, Uganda became independent from the United Kingdom, with the 4th Battalion, King's African Rifles , based at Jinja , becoming the Uganda Rifles. The traditional leader of the Baganda , Edward Mutesa , became president of Uganda. Milton Obote ,

6006-580: The gunfight with the insurgents the Ugandan troops allegedly killed 7 Somali civilians. AMISOM immediately launched an investigation that will report its findings on 6 September 2021. In November 2011, the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (AU) authorized a Regional Co-operation Initiative (RCI) for eliminating the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA). The LRA had been forced out of Uganda and

6097-443: The interests of his Baganda constituency and refused to support demands for Africanisation of the officer ranks. On 1 August 1962, the Uganda Rifles was renamed the "Uganda Army". The armed forces more than doubled, from 700 personnel to 1,500, and the government created the 2nd Battalion stationed at the northeastern town of Moroto on 14 November 1963. Omara-Otunnu wrote in 1987 that "a large number of men had been recruited into

6188-542: The key factor in recruitment and promotions. In 1970, the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) assessed the Ugandan armed forces to consist of 6,700 personnel, constituting an army of 6,250 with two brigade groups, each of two battalions, plus an independent infantry battalion, with some Ferret armoured cars , and BTR-40 and BTR-152 armoured personnel carriers, plus an air arm of 450 with 12 Fouga Magister armed jet trainers, and seven MiG-15s and MiG-17s . In January 1971, Amin and his followers within

6279-402: The nasal is then often elided. Additionally, when not elided (for example phrase-initially), the /n/ usually becomes a labiodental in /nf/ , /nv/ . For example: The liquid /l~r/ has two allophones [l] and [r] , conditioned by the preceding vowel. It is usually realised as a tap or flap [ɾ] after a front unrounded vowel ( i.e. after /e/ , /eː/ , /i/ or /iː/ ), and as

6370-443: The one belonging to the prenasalised consonant. The initial vowel of words like ekitabo 'book' is considered to have one mora, even though such vowels are often pronounced long. No syllable can have more than two morae. Falling tones can be heard in syllables which have two morae, e.g. those with a long vowel ( okukóoká 'to cry'), those with a short vowel followed by a geminate consonant ( okubôbbá 'to throb'), those with

6461-399: The people'. Prefixes sometimes change the tones in a word. For example, Bag áń da [baɡá:nda] 'they are Baganda' has LHHL, but adding the initial vowel a- [a] gives Abag â ndá [abaɡâ:ndá] 'Baganda people' with a falling tone on ga and phrasal tone on the final syllable. Different verb tenses have different tonal patterns. The tones of verbs are made more complicated by

6552-478: The police off against the army, encouraged personal infighting between his main military 'proteges' and removed from operational command of troops officers who appeared unreliable or too authoritative. When Congolese aircraft bombed the West Nile villages of Paidha and Goli on 13 February 1965, Obote again increased military recruitment and doubled the army's size to more than 4,500. Units established included

6643-413: The population of Entebbe at approximately 79,700. On 27 August 2014, the national population census put Entebbe's population at 69,958. "Entebbe", in the local Luganda language , means a "seat" and was probably named that because it was the place where a Baganda chief sat to adjudicate legal cases. It first became a British colonial administrative and commercial centre in 1893 when Sir Gerald Portal ,

6734-658: The repatriation of many abducted children being held by the rebels as child soldiers or sex slaves . The LRA has fled Uganda and been pushed deep into the jungles of the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (principally Orientale Province ). The UPDF has also been the subject of controversy for having a minimum age for service of 13. Many international organizations have condemned this as being military use of children . This has created an image problem for

6825-583: The return to power of his old friend and ally, Obote. In any case, the Military Commission headed by Muwanga effectively governed Uganda during the six months leading up to the national elections of December 1980. A Commonwealth Military Training Team - Uganda assisted the UNLA in the early 1980s. After the Museveni government was formed in 1986, an NRA code of conduct, originally formulated in

6916-496: The root - lagala with the singular noun prefix e -, which doubles the following consonant). A consonant cannot be both geminated and prenasalised. When morphological processes require this, the gemination is dropped and the syllable /zi/ is inserted, which can then be prenasalised. For example, when the prefix en - is added to the adjective - ddugavu 'black' the result is enzirugavu /eːnzíruɡavu/ . The nasals /m/ , /n/ , /ɲ/ and /ŋ/ can be syllabic at

7007-415: The roots - wanga /wáːŋɡa/ and - yenje /jéːɲɟe/ respectively, with the singular noun prefix e - that doubles the following consonant. Historically, geminated consonants appear to have arisen when a very close [i] between two consonants dropped out; for example - dduka from *- jiduka 'run'. Apart from /l~r/ , /w/ and /j/ , all consonants can also be prenasalised (prefixed with

7098-402: The same pitch. If the first syllable is high then the meaning changes to 'the little one catches' (third person singular present tense Class VI ka - of - baka 'to catch'). This feature makes Luganda a difficult language for speakers of non-tonal languages to learn. A non-native speaker has to learn the variations of pitch by prolonged listening. Unlike some other Bantu languages, there

7189-634: The size of the army, usually by recruiting from among people of one region or ethnic group, and each government employed military force to subdue political unrest. The origins of the Ugandan armed forces can be traced to 1902, when the Uganda Battalion of the King's African Rifles was formed. Ugandan soldiers fought as part of the King's African Rifles during the First World War and Second World War . As Uganda moved toward independence,

7280-624: The start of a word: nkima /ɲ̩címa/ (or [n̩tʃíma] ) 'monkey', mpa /m̩pá/ 'I give', nnyinyonnyola /ɲ̩ɲiɲóɲːola/ or /ɲːiɲóɲːola/ 'I explain'. Note that this last example can be analysed in two ways, reflecting the fact that there is no distinction between prenasalisation and gemination when applied to nasal stops. Luganda is a tonal language , with three tones: high ( á ), low ( à ) and falling ( â ). There are, however, no syllables in Luganda with rising tone [àá] , since these automatically become [áá] . There are various types of tones: (a) lexical tones, which are always present in

7371-678: The surge of UPDF troops resigning to work with the Coalition Forces in Iraq . They mostly work as an additional guard force at control points and dining facilities, for example. Prior to 2000, the United States armed forces trained together with the UPDF as part of the African Crisis Response Initiative . This cooperation was terminated in 2000 because of Uganda's incursion into the DRC. Following

7462-525: The tactics which foreign fighters bring from outside East Africa and teach to al-Shabaab . On 12 August 2012, two Ugandan Mil Mi-24s flying from Entebbe across Kenya to Somalia crashed in rugged terrain in Kenya. They were found two days later, burned out, with no likely survivors from the ten Ugandan servicemen on board the two helicopters. Another aircraft from the same flight crashed on Mount Kenya , and all seven Ugandan servicemen on board were rescued

7553-447: The two: It is therefore possible to predict the pronunciation of any word (with the exception of stress and tones) from the spelling. It is also usually possible to predict the spelling of a word from the pronunciation. The only words where this is not possible are those that include one of the affricate–vowel combinations discussed above. Note, however, that some proper names are not spelled as they are pronounced. For example, Uganda

7644-447: The verb; (e) boundary tones, which affect the last syllable of a word or phrase and can indicate such things as interrogation. According to one analysis, tones are carried on morae . In Luganda, a short vowel has one mora and a long vowel has two morae. A geminate or prenasalised consonant has one mora. A consonant + semivowel (e.g. gw or ly ) also has one mora. A vowel followed by a prenasalised consonant has two morae including

7735-733: Was aborted when Obote's pilot blew out the aircraft's tires, causing it to remain in Tanzania. Amin was able to mobilize his more reliable Malire Mechanised Regiment and expel the invaders. In 1976, during Operation Entebbe , the Israeli military destroyed 12 MiG-21s and three MiG-17s based at Entebbe Airport to prevent pursuit. In 1977, before the Uganda–Tanzania War , the Ugandan armed forces were reported by IISS as consisting of 20,000 land forces personnel, with two four-battalion brigades and five other battalions of various types, plus

7826-547: Was dismissed from the army and detained under the emergency regulations then in force. At about the same time, Obote abrogated the constitution, revoked Buganda's autonomous status, and instructed the Army to attack the Kabaka's palace , forcing the Kabaka to flee. Elections were cancelled. Political loyalty rather than military skill became critical amongst both officers and men. Many educated southern officers were court-martialled or dismissed in 1966 and 1967, and ethnicity became

7917-608: Was overthrown in a military coup on 10 May 1980. The coup was engineered by Ojok, Museveni, and others acting under the general direction of Paulo Muwanga , Obote's right-hand man and chair of the Military Commission . The TPDF was still providing necessary security while Uganda's police force—which had been decimated by Amin—was rebuilt, but President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania refused to help Binaisa retain power. Many Ugandans claimed that although Nyerere did not impose his own choice on Uganda, he indirectly facilitated

8008-621: Was renamed the Uganda People's Defence Force following the enactment of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda. UPDF's primary focus was the conflict with the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel group operating in the country's northern region. Since March 2002, UPDF has been granted permission to carry out operations against LRA bases across the border in South Sudan . These raids, collectively known as Operation Iron Fist , have resulted in

8099-677: Was roaming remote areas of (what is now) South Sudan , the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and the Central African Republic (CAR). The RCI was planned to consist of three elements: a Joint Co-ordination Mechanism chaired by the AU Commissioner for Peace and Security and made up of the Ministers of Defence of the four affected countries (Uganda, South Sudan, the DRC, and the CAR); a Regional Task Force Headquarters; and,

8190-507: Was the commander of the 306th Brigade. Tutsi refugees formed a disproportionate number of NRA officers for the simple reason that they had joined the rebellion early and thus had accumulated more experience. The NRA had been successful in its war, and its senior military officers held key political positions in the NRM. It was reduced in size under pressure from donors, unwilling to fund either an outsize army or civil service. Between 1990 and 1996

8281-688: Was the scene of Operation Entebbe , a hostage rescue on 4 July 1976, when soldiers from the Sayeret Matkal , Paratroopers Brigade and Golani Brigade units of the Israeli Army freed over 100 hostages following a hijacking by a group of Palestinian and German militia. The city of Entebbe also hosted final resolution talks to end the M23 rebellion . Entebbe is home to the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI),

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