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63-684: EnergySolutions has operations in over 40 states, with a licensed landfill to dispose of radioactive waste approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of Salt Lake City in Tooele County, Utah . It also operates a disposal site in Barnwell County, South Carolina . The company possesses the technology to convert waste into alternative material such as durable glass and is contracted by the United States Department of Energy to assist in waste conversion efforts. The company held

126-481: A graduate or professional degree . Heavy industry and the resulting pollution of the air, soil, and groundwater has affected the region in several ways. The US Environmental Protection Agency has reported that Tooele-based US Magnesium discharges dangerous toxins and cancerous byproducts. In 2008, the US Government considered listing the area as a Superfund site. Tooele County was listed in 1989 as having

189-442: A publicly traded company , for $ 396 million in an all-cash deal. The leveraged buyout was financed by banks led by Citigroup , effectively taking the company private. After the acquisitions, EnergySolutions had 2,500 employees in 40 states with an annual revenue of $ 280 million. EnergySolutions owns two of the nation's four commercial low-level nuclear-waste repositories, its primary competitor, Waste Control Specialists , built

252-552: A commercial vitrification system. In 1997, GTS Duratek acquired the Scientific Ecology Group (SEG). In 2000, the company purchased the nuclear services business arm of Waste Management Inc. One year later, the company announced that it was dropping GTS from its name, and was once again known as Duratek . Duratek was purchased by EnergySolutions at a 25.7% premium over the February 7, 2006 stock price when

315-592: A fourth repository in Texas. Envirocare of Utah, Inc. (Envirocare) buried Class A low level radioactive waste (LLRW) in an engineered landfill . It began operations in 1990 in Clive, Utah . Envirocare was founded by Iranian immigrant Khosrow Semnani in 1988. Semnani served as president of the company until May 1997, when Envirocare's largest customer—the Department of Energy —requested that he step down in

378-645: A series of competitions similar to the model that has been used in the United States. In April 2017, the NDA lost a legal case in the Supreme Court regarding the procurement of a sizeable contract for the decommissioning of twelve different Magnox nuclear facilities when EnergySolutions EU (now called ATK Energy EU) challenged a decision in connection with ATK's unsuccessful bid. In February 2018 Parliament's Public Accounts Committee (PAC) concluded that

441-448: A single person living alone and 984 (4.5%) were two or more people living together. 10,566 (47.8%) of all households had children under the age of 18. 17,970 (81.4%) of households were owner-occupied while 4,117 (18.6%) were renter-occupied . The median income for a Tooele County household was $ 76,737 and the median family income was $ 83,730, with a per-capita income of $ 27,702. The median income for males that were full-time employees

504-598: Is Tooele . The county was created in 1850 and organized the following year. Tooele County is part of the Salt Lake City , UT Metropolitan Statistical Area . A 2008 CNNMoney.com article identified Tooele as the U.S. county experiencing the greatest job growth since 2000. The western half is mostly covered by the Great Salt Lake Desert and includes the city of Wendover (the immediate neighbor of West Wendover, Nevada ) and Ibapah . Within

567-515: Is a non-departmental public body of the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (formerly the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy ) formed by the Energy Act 2004 . It evolved from the Coal and Nuclear Liabilities Unit of the Department of Trade and Industry . It came into existence during late 2004, and took on its main functions on 1 April 2005. Its purpose is to deliver

630-551: Is available. The county generally slopes to the north. Its highest elevation is Deseret Peak in the Stansburys, at 11,031 ft (3,362 m) ASL. The county has a total area of 7,286 square miles (18,870 km ), of which 6,941 square miles (17,980 km ) is land and 345 square miles (890 km ) (4.7%) is water. Covering vast amounts of the Great Salt Lake desert west of Salt Lake Valley , Tooele County

693-614: Is home to the Bonneville Salt Flats , traversed by Interstate 80 and the Wendover Cut-off , the former routing of the Victory Highway . Tooele County lies on the west side of Utah. Its west border abuts the east border of the state of Nevada . Its northeast border abuts the Great Salt Lake . Three significant mountain ranges run north–south through the county. Its east boundary line is delineated by

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756-501: Is located on the southern edge of the valley. The Stockton Bar geologic feature separates Tooele Valley and Rush Valley, in which the towns of Stockton , Vernon , Faust , and Rush Valley are located. Additional small towns, Ophir and Mercur , are located in two canyons on the south western side of the Oquirrh Mountains. Tooele is home to one of the nine statewide regional campuses of Utah State University (located in

819-456: Is speculated the name derives from a Native American chief, but controversy exists about whether such a chief lived. Alternate explanations hypothesize that the name comes from " tu-wanda ", the Goshute word for " bear ", or from " tule ", a Spanish word of Aztec origins meaning " bulrush ". The Goshutes did not accept Mormon encroachment on their traditional homeland. The Mormons occupied

882-642: Is the second largest county in Utah and among the driest. The Skull Valley Indian Reservation lies in Skull Valley , between the Cedar and Stansbury mountain ranges. According to the 2020 United States census and 2020 American Community Survey , there were 72,698 people in Tooele County with a population density of 10.3 people per square mile (4.0/km ). Among non- Hispanic or Latino people,

945-412: Is the seller. The deal includes EnergySolutions’ North American government, Europe, and Asia businesses, and about 650 employees. EnergySolutions will retain its logistics, processing, and disposal (“LP&D”) business, its reactor decommissioning business, including current projects at Zion, Illinois and La Crosse, Wisconsin , and its North American utility services. Most of the radioactive waste from

1008-674: The American Civil War , federal troops left the area leaving defense in the hands of the Nauvoo Legion until General Patrick E. Connor arrived in Salt Lake City from California in 1862. Connor acted ruthlessly toward the natives. He killed over 300 Shoshone in Southern Idaho in 1863. Connor's men attacked Native American camps, sometimes indiscriminately, but through 1863 stage coach companies had lost 16 men and over 150 horses to depredations. A peace treaty

1071-809: The Deseret Chemical Depot . Starting August 1996, the store was reduced by destruction in a controversial weapons incinerator, at the Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility ; the last such weapon was destroyed in January 2012. Since the 1980s, much of Tooele County's economic prospects have centered around private hazardous waste disposal facilities. Between 1988 and 1993, hazardous waste landfills and incinerators have been installed at Clive and Aragonite . This, coupled with uranium mine tailings from Salt Lake County which were disposed in Tooele County in

1134-588: The Utah territorial legislature, which had the last say on the qualifications of its members, refused to seat the Liberal Party representative from Tooele County. The Liberals won an unopposed 1876 election. In 1876, the territorial legislature passed bills requiring voter registration and requiring women's suffrage for local elections—women had been voting in territorial elections since 1870. The Liberal Party, typically supported by male miners casually interested in politics, opposed both measures. In 1878

1197-623: The decommissioning and clean-up of the UK's civil nuclear legacy in a safe and cost-effective manner, and where possible to accelerate programmes of work that reduce hazard. Although the NDA itself employs about 250 staff, its subsidiaries employ about 15,000 staff across the NDA estate. Its annual budget is £3.5   billion, the vast majority of which is spent through contracts with site licence companies, who also subcontract to other companies which provide special services. The NDA aims to do this by introducing innovation and contractor expertise through

1260-582: The naming rights to the Utah Jazz home EnergySolutions Arena (Now Delta Center ) from November 20, 2006, until October 26, 2015, when Vivint , a home security system provider based in Provo, Utah , acquired the naming rights. In June 2007 the company took over operation and management of several Magnox atomic plants from British Nuclear Fuels plc in the United Kingdom through the acquisition of

1323-404: The 1850s with Goshutes typically being on the losing side. By June 10, 1851, the county government was organized. On that date the county attachment to Salt Lake County was terminated. By 1852, Grantsville , Batesville, and Pine Canyon (later named Lincoln) were settled. In 1855 the town of Richville was designated county seat , but it soon became clear that Tooele was much larger. In 1861

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1386-793: The 1980s, the presence of the Deseret Chemical Depot, and a high-polluting magnesium facility in Rowley , have contributed to a general perception of Tooele County as a " sacrifice zone " for unwanted wastes. News coverage for the county is provided by the Tooele Transcript-Bulletin newspaper. On September 8, 2004, the Genesis spacecraft crashed into the desert floor of the Dugway Proving Ground in Tooele County. The county's western portion

1449-603: The 2,200 votes cast in the election although only 1,500 Tooele County property taxpayers were on record. Incumbents refused to yield control of the Tooele County recorder's office and the Tooele County Courthouse because of the alleged fraud. Governor Woods dismissed the complaints and certified the Liberal victory. Third District Court Judge James B. McKean ruled that no evidence showing illegal activity had been presented. McKean construed poll tax as within

1512-476: The 20th century, but the county benefited from two major military bases located in the western portion of the county. Wendover Air Force Base , now closed, was the training base of the Enola Gay crew, which dropped the first atomic weapon in 1945. The Tooele Army Depot , built in 1942, formerly housed the largest store of chemical and biological weapons , 45 percent of the nation's, in the United States, at

1575-723: The BNFL subsidiary – Reactor Sites Management Company (RMSC). Envirocare of Utah purchased the Connecticut -based Scientech D&D division in October 2005. On February 2, 2006, Envirocare announced the $ 90 million purchase of BNG America, a subsidiary of British Nuclear Fuels (BNFL) based in Virginia . Envirocare of Utah was renamed EnergySolutions, with corporate headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah . On February 7, 2006, EnergySolutions announced it would buy Maryland -based Duratek,

1638-786: The Democratic nominee in every election save 1956 (but being blue enough to vote for Stevenson in 1952 ). From 1972 on, however, it has become powerfully Republican, voting Democratic only once in this period thus far, for Bill Clinton in 1996 (with a low plurality and by a narrow margin). All parts of Tooele County are in the Tooele School District . Tooele is home to one of the nine statewide regional campuses of Utah State University. 40°27′N 113°11′W  /  40.45°N 113.18°W  / 40.45; -113.18 Nuclear Decommissioning Authority The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority ( NDA )

1701-469: The Goshutes had lost faith in the federal government, and recommended limiting further encroachments on Goshute land, but his suggestions were largely ignored. Twenty-two overland stagecoach outposts were built in Goshute territory, often on the sites of rare natural springs. Goshute attacks on mail outposts escalated in 1860, resulting in dozens of deaths in alternating waves of raids. At the outbreak of

1764-465: The Liberal majority in Tooele County disappeared, and the People's Party regained control in 1879 after more than six months of Liberal procedural delays. The Republic of Tooele era was characterized by subsequent politicians as one of excessive spending. The county was left with about $ 16,000 debt, significantly more than it started with. Mining continued to play an important part in Tooele County into

1827-556: The Liberals in Tooele County. The incumbent Mormon People's Party observed several Tooele polling places on election day and lodged complaints of fraud after the Liberal Party triumphed by about 300 votes out of 2,200. The People's Party alleged Liberal Party supporters had voted more than once, that many had not been residents for the required six months, and they were not taxpayers—according to territorial law, only taxpayers could vote in elections. The People's Party called attention to

1890-485: The Mormons ordered their armies to kill the Goshutes. In 1850, they ambushed a Goshute village, but the Goshutes were able to defend themselves without casualties. Later that year, a contingent of at least 50 men attacked the Goshute camp, killing nine and suffering no casualties. In 1851, General Daniel H. Wells took 30 people prisoners. After they tried to escape, Wells executed them. Similar attacks occurred throughout

1953-465: The NDA for the management and transportation of nuclear fuels. Both have since merged to become Nuclear Transport Solutions. The NDA is also the owner of Radioactive Waste Management (RWM), which is responsible for implementing a geological disposal facility in the UK and provide radioactive waste management solutions. In February 2017, a national archive for the UK civil nuclear industry, named Nucleus,

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2016-467: The NDA had "dramatically under-estimated" costs and "completely failed" in the procurement and management of the Magnox Ltd contract, which was one of the highest value contracts let by the government. An independent inquiry into the deal was set up. The main objectives of NDA are to: Responsibility for operating the sites has been restructured into five site licence companies (SLC). Management of

2079-462: The NDA sold land near three existing reactor sites for expected new nuclear power stations, for over £200   million. In 2013, a critical Public Accounts Committee report stated that the private consortium managing Sellafield has failed to reduce costs and delays. Between 2005 and 2013, the annual costs of operating Sellafield increased from £900   million to about £1.6   billion. The estimated lifetime undiscounted cost of dealing with

2142-545: The SLCs was formerly contracted out to different parent body organisations (PBO), some of which were initially owned by private companies. More recently, the NDA has transitioned to a "group approach" of SLCs being wholly-owned NDA subsidiaries On its creation, the NDA also took over ownership of Direct Rail Services , the rail freight operating company set up by BNFL in 1995 to transport nuclear materials; and International Nuclear Services , which operates services on behalf of

2205-507: The Sellafield site increased to £67.5   billion. Bosses were forced to apologise after projected clean-up costs passed the £70   billion mark in late 2013. In 2014, the undiscounted decommissioning cost estimate for Sellafield was increased to £79.1   billion, and by 2015 to £117.4   billion. The annual operating cost will be £2   billion in 2016. In 2018, the discount rate used in evaluating future spending

2268-691: The UK on behalf of the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). Through the acquisition, the company took over operational and management responsibilities of several Magnox atomic plants from British Nuclear Fuels plc. In 2009 it attempted to bring 20,000 tons of waste from Italy's shuttered nuclear power program through the ports of either Charleston, South Carolina, or New Orleans. After processing in Tennessee, about 1,600 tons would be disposed of in Utah. The importation attempt

2331-488: The age of 18, 41,869 (57.6%) from 18 to 64, and 6,870 (9.5%) who were at least 65 years old. The median age was 31.4 years. There were 22,087 households in Tooele County with an average size of 3.29 of which 17,531 (79.4%) were families and 4,556 (20.6%) were non-families. Among all families, 13,990 (63.3%) were married couples , 1,398 (6.3%) were male householders with no spouse, and 2,143 (9.7%) were female householders with no spouse. Among all non-families, 3,572 (16.2%) were

2394-591: The area, Tooele County and Utah residents have opposed plans to dispose of nuclear waste in the county boundaries. A high level nuclear waste site proposed to be built at the Goshute Tribe Reservation in Skull Valley faced opposition until the plan slowly fizzled out. Projects to dispose of depleted uranium at Energy Solution's Clive facility continue to cause controversy. From 1932 through 1968 , Tooele County tended Democratic, selecting

2457-429: The armed and barricaded Mormons. Aware that a show of aggression could spark a battle, the parties were nonetheless unable to come to an agreement to hand over power. Judge McKean issued an even more strongly worded injunction, and Brigham Young advised his followers that they had an obligation to obey the federal courts. The county courthouse was abandoned, thus beginning about five years of Liberal Party rule. However,

2520-405: The best camping sites near reliable springs, hunted in Goshute hunting grounds, and overgrazed the meadowland, leaving it unfit for sustaining the animals and plants used by the Goshutes. Mormons believed that Utah was a promised land given to them by God, and did not recognize any Goshute claim to the land. Goshutes began confiscating Mormon cattle that trespassed onto their property. In response,

2583-680: The central section lies Skull Valley, between the Cedar and the Stansbury Mountains . It contains a few small towns as well as the Dugway Proving Ground . The population centers are on the eastern edge in the Tooele Valley, between the Stansbury and Oquirrh Mountains. This area contains the cities of Tooele , Grantsville , Erda , and Lake Point as well as the unincorporated community of Stansbury Park . Tooele Army Depot

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2646-420: The city of Tooele). Evidence of several indigenous Native American groups has been found in Tooele County, but only the western Shoshone -speaking Goshute tribe claim the desolate lands as their ancestral home. The Goshute's traditional territory includes most of modern Tooele County. The Great Salt Lake Desert, which comprises much of the northern portion of the county, provided a major stumbling block for

2709-473: The company, which was poised to ban the waste. Envirocare subsequently made the acquisitions and became EnergySolutions. Based in Columbia, Maryland , Duratek was founded in 1983. In 1990, the company merged with General Technical Services (GTS); the resulting company was known as GTS Duratek . That year, the company formed a joint venture with another firm — Chem-Nuclear Systems, Inc. — to build

2772-601: The county the Republic of Tooele. The 1874 election marked the first success of the anti-Mormon Liberal Party, which was organized in 1870. The party viewed the large non-Mormon mining population in the county as a natural environment for electoral success and campaigned fiercely in Tooele's mining districts leading up to the June 1874 election. The non-Mormon appointed governor of Utah Territory , George L. Woods , campaigned for

2835-714: The crestline of the Oquirrh Mountains , which separate the Tooele Valley from the Salt Lake Valley. The Stansbury Mountains parallel the Oquirrhs in the eastern part of the county, and the Cedar Mountains also run parallel to the other two through the east-central part of the county. There are also isolated prominences across the county, especially at its SW corner. The county terrain is largely arid and unused for agriculture unless irrigation water

2898-620: The decommissioning of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station is going to the Energy Solutions facility in Clive, Utah, and is being transported by rail. Tooele County, Utah Tooele County ( / t uː ˈ w ɪ l ə / too- WIL -ə ) is a county in the U.S. state of Utah . As of the 2020 United States Census , the population was 72,698. Its county seat and largest city

2961-465: The first white settlers established permanent roots in the Tooele Valley. Building a saw mill , the settlement was called E.T. City after LDS leader E.T. Benson . The territorial legislature first designated Tooele County—initially called "Tuilla"—on January 31, 1850, with significantly different boundaries. Its government was not organized at that time, and the area was attached to Salt Lake County for judicial and administrative purposes. It

3024-444: The ill-fated Donner-Reed Party in 1846. Its crusty sand slowed the group's wagons to such an extent that the group spent six days crossing its 80-mile length , severely sapping the group's resources and leading to their eventual disaster. In 1847, Mormon pioneers settled in the neighboring Salt Lake Valley . Initially, Tooele Valley was used as a major grazing ground for Mormon cattle owners from Salt Lake and Utah Valleys. In 1849

3087-489: The meaning of being a taxpayer. Since no evidence was provided there were over 300 carpetbaggers or repeat votes in the election, McKean sustained the tally and authorized deputy U.S. Marshals to install the Liberal candidates. The recorder's office was seized when it was momentarily abandoned, but a contingent of People's Party supporters and incumbents held the county courthouse night and day. The marshals and Liberal Party candidates, outnumbered, attempted to negotiate with

3150-447: The merger was announced. Since its inception, Energy Solutions has collected primarily domestic, Class A nuclear waste for its west Utah desert site. On June 7, 2007, the company announced the acquisition of the UK based BNFL subsidiary – Reactor Sites Management Company (RSMC). The sale included Magnox Electric Limited (MEL), a wholly owned subsidiary of RSMC, which holds the contracts and licences to operate ten nuclear reactor sites in

3213-405: The racial makeup was 58,199 (80.1%) White , 436 (0.6%) African American , 445 (0.6%) Native American , 511 (0.7%) Asian , 637 (0.9%) Pacific Islander , 282 (0.4%) from other races , and 2,666 (3.7%) from two or more races . 9,522 (13.1%) people were Hispanic or Latino. There were 36,687 (50.46%) males and 36,011 (49.54%) females, and the population distribution by age was 23,959 (33.0%) under

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3276-580: The second state in the US to allow the importation of Class B and C radioactive wastes. On November 15, 2015, EnergySolutions announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to purchase Waste Control Specialists for $ 270 million in cash and $ 20 million in stock. This sale was blocked by the DOJ for breaching anti-trust law. In November 2015, EnergySolutions sold its Projects, Products and Technology division to WS Atkins plc for $ 318 million. Energy Capital Partners

3339-480: The territorial legislature allowed the county to select a new seat, and Tooele was selected. In 1859 Robert B. Jarvis, a U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs representative, convinced some of the nomadic bands to congregate at a farm reservation called Deep Creek. The results looked promising, but Jarvis' resignation in 1860 led support to disappear and the farm to be abandoned. Jarvis' replacement, Benjamin Davies, noted

3402-531: The then Secretary of State for Trade and Industry announced his support for a National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) to be based on the British Technology Centre at Sellafield and Nexia Solutions. The NDA, as the owner of Sellafield site and the funder of majority of research required across the nuclear estate, was involved establishing the NNL in 2009. The NNL complements other initiatives to develop

3465-462: The wake of a bribery scandal. In mid-December 2004, Semnani sold Envirocare for an undisclosed sum. Steve Creamer became the company's new CEO. The deal was financed by private equity firms, led by Lindsay Goldberg & Bessemer of New York, Creamer Investments, and Peterson Partners both of Salt Lake City. Envirocare management promised to drop its plans to bury hotter class B and C nuclear waste in Utah in deference to growing political opposition to

3528-401: The worst air in Utah, according to Federal agencies and environmental groups. The Tooele County Health Department notes that the chemical output of the heavy industry can be particularly dangerous in the winter, because the region's climate and setting create winter inversions, suspending the toxins in the air, and posing "serious health concerns". Due to the history of toxic waste disposal in

3591-430: Was $ 57,579 and for females $ 40,845. 5.9% of the population and 4.7% of families were below the poverty line . In terms of education attainment, out of the 40,623 people in Tooele County 25 years or older, 3,224 (7.9%) had not completed high school , 12,971 (31.9%) had a high school diploma or equivalency, 15,055 (37.1%) had some college or associate degree , 6,091 (15.0%) had a bachelor's degree , and 3,282 (8.1%) had

3654-402: Was changed from a HM Treasury determined real terms discount rate to a rate that combined a nominal discount rate and an implied inflation rate based on Consumer Price Index forecasts. This nearly halved the estimate of the remaining cost of decommissioning and clean-up. The expenditure of the NDA in 2022/23 was £3,759M and income £1,059M, leading to a net expenditure of £2,700M. In 2006,

3717-595: Was created in 1862, the county's borders were impacted, and when the Territory became a state (1864), Tooele County was formally divested of all its Nevada area. Two more boundary adjustments were made in 1870 and 1880, after which it has retained its boundaries to the present. From 1874 to 1879, non-Mormon politicians from the Liberal Party of Utah gained control of Tooele County, the first time any non-Mormons had success in Utah politics. Whimsically, they called

3780-810: Was eventually abandoned. EnergySolutions sought permission in 2011 from the State of Utah for its "Semprasafe" process to blend, or dilute, the currently allowed Class A low-level radioactive waste with more radioactive Class B and Class C wastes until it just meets the Class A waste levels its license allows per container at its Clive disposal site. Some estimates projected that this could increase Energy Solutions' Utah site total of 7,450 curies of radiation per annum (2010), to an additional 19,184 to 28,470 curies each year. The Division of Radiation Control of Utah considered, but rejected blending to allow Class B and Class C waste into Utah. This would have made Utah, after Texas,

3843-702: Was opened in Wick, Caithness , Scotland. In 2005, the cost of decommissioning these sites was planned at £55.8   billion, with Sellafield requiring £31.5   billion. However, in 2006, the NDA reported that the cost of cleaning up existing waste was higher than previously thought, and gave a new estimated decommissioning cost of about £72   billion over a 100-year period. In 2008, estimated decommissioning costs increased to £73.6   billion, or after taking account of discount rates , £44.1   billion. A 2006 estimate foresaw £14   billion of offsetting income from reprocessing fuel at Sellafield . In 2009,

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3906-575: Was proven right. The Rush Valley Mining District was established by soldiers in the western Oquirrh Mountains and more than 100 claims were staked in the first year. Two new mining towns, Ophir and Lewiston ballooned to over 6000 people each in the 1870s, exceeding the population of Tooele and all the Mormon settlements in the area. Tooele County as originally defined extended into present-day Nevada . The county's borders were adjusted in 1852, in 1854, in 1856, in 1861, and in 1862. When Nevada Territory

3969-561: Was signed in 1863 which included an annuity of goods and US$ 1000 in compensation of killed game in exchange for an end to the hostilities, and use of routes through the natives' territories. The treaty did not cede Goshute control of land, but a follow-up agreement made in June 1865 did. General Connor, who was anti-Mormon , also encouraged his troops to prospect for minerals. Connor believed that mining would bring non-Mormons to Utah Territory . After his men discovered gold , silver , lead , and zinc deposits in Tooele County in 1864 he

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