39-641: The Eaton Hall Railway was an early 15 in ( 381 mm ) gauge minimum gauge estate railway built in 1896 at Eaton Hall in Cheshire . The line, which connected the Grosvenor estate with sidings at Balderton on the GWR Shrewsbury to Chester Line about 3 miles (4.8 km) away, opened in 1896. It was built for the Duke of Westminster by Sir Arthur Percival Heywood , who had pioneered
78-518: A 15 in ( 381 mm ) gauge of railway. One of Eaton Hall's fuel suppliers was the Chester fuel merchant Allan Morris & Co. It arranged for fuel supplies to be delivered in Standard-gauge waggons to Balderton sidings where the coal could be transferred into the line's narrow gauge trucks. Eaton Hall railway closed in 1946 and was lifted in 1947. Sections of it were transported to
117-617: A revision in November 2018 that defines the kilogram by defining the Planck constant to be exactly 6.626 070 15 × 10 kg⋅m ⋅s , effectively defining the kilogram in terms of the second and the metre. The new definition took effect on 20 May 2019. Prior to the redefinition, the kilogram and several other SI units based on the kilogram were defined by a man-made metal artifact: the Kilogramme des Archives from 1799 to 1889, and
156-469: A bogie parcel van (for 'game') and a small open 4 wheeled brake 'van' were also provided at the opening. Finally, a closed bogie passenger vehicle, some 20 feet (6.10 m) long seating 12 people inside and four outside, a bogie brake van seating four inside and four outside were supplied after opening. Other wagons were constructed by the Eaton Estate and rebuilt over the years. The original Katie
195-685: A speed of around 10 mph (16 km/h). Under test, 20 mph (32 km/h) was achieved in safety. All rolling stock was built to negotiate curves of 25-foot (7.62 m) minimum radius . Self-acting coupler-buffers were fitted and measures were taken to ensure interchangeability of parts. Thirty open wagons and a 4-wheeled brake van were initially provided, each wagon carrying about 16 long cwt (813 kg ) of coal or 22 long cwt (1,118 kg) of bricks . The wagon 'tops' were removable to allow them to be used as flats , and bolster fittings were supplied to carry long items such as timber. An open 16 seat bogie coach ,
234-542: A temporary arrangement because the Chester Corporation was not able to enter into a permanent agreement with a private railway. Heywood therefore campaigned for a clause in the proposed Light Railway Bill which would allow permission for public road crossings to be granted in perpetuity. The railway opened in 1896. The four and a half miles (7.2 km) line included a branch to the brick store and estate workshop at Cuckoo's Nest at Pulford. The first engine
273-447: A weight measurement to a mass and therefore require precise measurement of the strength of gravity in laboratories ( gravimetry ). All approaches would have precisely fixed one or more constants of nature at a defined value. Because an SI unit may not have multiple prefixes (see SI prefix ), prefixes are added to gram , rather than the base unit kilogram , which already has a prefix as part of its name. For instance, one-millionth of
312-613: A written specification. At the 94th Meeting of the CIPM in 2005, it was recommended that the same be done with the kilogram. In October 2010, the CIPM voted to submit a resolution for consideration at the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM), to "take note of an intention" that the kilogram be defined in terms of the Planck constant , h (which has dimensions of energy times time, thus mass × length / time) together with other physical constants. This resolution
351-517: Is colloquially abbreviated to kilo . The kilogram is an SI base unit , defined ultimately in terms of three defining constants of the SI, namely a specific transition frequency of Cs, the speed of light, and the Planck constant. A properly equipped metrology laboratory can calibrate a mass measurement instrument such as a Kibble balance as a primary standard for the kilogram mass. The kilogram
390-655: Is described as "a common informal name" on Russ Rowlett's Dictionary of Units of Measurement. When the United States Congress gave the metric system legal status in 1866, it permitted the use of the word kilo as an alternative to the word kilogram , but in 1990 revoked the status of the word kilo . The SI system was introduced in 1960 and in 1970 the BIPM started publishing the SI Brochure , which contains all relevant decisions and recommendations by
429-504: Is different from Wikidata Pages with broken anchors All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021 Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021 Kilogram The kilogram (also spelled kilogramme ) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), having the unit symbol kg . 'Kilogram' means 'one thousand grams ' and
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#1732779963084468-516: Is the only base SI unit with an SI prefix ( kilo ) as part of its name. The word kilogramme or kilogram is derived from the French kilogramme , which itself was a learned coinage, prefixing the Greek stem of χίλιοι khilioi "a thousand" to gramma , a Late Latin term for "a small weight", itself from Greek γράμμα . The word kilogramme was written into French law in 1795, in
507-657: The CGPM concerning units. The SI Brochure states that "It is not permissible to use abbreviations for unit symbols or unit names ...". For use with east Asian character sets, the SI symbol is encoded as a single Unicode character, U+338F ㎏ SQUARE KG in the CJK Compatibility block. The replacement of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK) as the primary standard
546-540: The Decree of 18 Germinal , which revised the provisional system of units introduced by the French National Convention two years earlier, where the gravet had been defined as weight ( poids ) of a cubic centimetre of water, equal to 1/1000 of a grave . In the decree of 1795, the term gramme thus replaced gravet , and kilogramme replaced grave . The French spelling
585-409: The Planck constant h to be 6.626 070 15 × 10 when expressed in the unit J⋅s, which is equal to kg⋅m ⋅s , where the metre and the second are defined in terms of c and Δ ν Cs . Defined in term of those units, the kg is formulated as: This definition is generally consistent with previous definitions: the mass remains within 30 ppm of the mass of one litre of water. The kilogram
624-524: The Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway . A new 15 in ( 381 mm ) railway, named the Eaton Park Railway was opened in 1994. Trains on the line are hauled by a 'replica Katie . It is not available for use by the public except on the various garden open days. The new line consists of a large loop with a spur leading to the engine shed. The latter section of track follows a small part of
663-9445: The Flower Farmer and Phoenix & Holly Railroad" . Flowerfamrer.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Pint-Sized Pufferbelly" . Archived from the original on 2019-03-27 . Retrieved 2020-05-18 . ^ "Redwood Valley Railway" . Redwoodvalleyrailway.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "TrainTown Website" . Traintown.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Sullivan Railroad in Horseheads NY - Trains Magazine - Trains News Wire, Railroad News, Railroad Industry News, Web Cams, and Forms" . ^ "waterman & western railroad - Home" . Petestrain.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . v t e Track gauge ( list ) Minimum-gauge Minimum-gauge railways 15 in ( 381 mm ) 400 mm ( 15 + 3 ⁄ 4 in ) 16 in ( 406 mm ) 18 in ( 457 mm ) 19 in ( 483 mm ) 500 mm ( 19 + 3 ⁄ 4 in ) 20 in ( 508 mm ) 21 in ( 533 mm ) 1 ft 10 in ( 559 mm ) Narrow gauge 2 foot and 600 mm 2 ft 3 in ( 686 mm ) 750 mm ( 2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) 760 mm ( 2 ft 5 + 15 ⁄ 16 in ) 2 ft 6 in ( 762 mm ) 800 mm ( 2 ft 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) 891 mm ( 2 ft 11 + 3 ⁄ 32 in ) Swedish three foot 900 mm ( 2 ft 11 + 7 ⁄ 16 in ) 3 ft ( 914 mm ) 950 mm ( 3 ft 1 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) Italian metre gauge 1,000 mm ( 3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) metre gauge 1,050 mm ( 3 ft 5 + 11 ⁄ 32 in ), 1,055 mm ( 3 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ), 3 ft 6 in ( 1,067 mm ) 1,093 mm ( 3 ft 7 in ), 1,100 mm ( 3 ft 7 + 5 ⁄ 16 in ), 1,200 mm ( 3 ft 11 + 1 ⁄ 4 in ) 4 ft ( 1,219 mm ) 4 ft 1 in ( 1,245 mm ), Middleton Railway 4 ft 6 in ( 1,372 mm ), Scotch gauge 4 ft 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ( 1,384 mm ), Scotch gauge 4 ft 7 + 3 ⁄ 4 in ( 1,416 mm ) 4 ft 8 in ( 1,422 mm ), almost standard gauge 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 4 in ( 1,429 mm ) 1,432 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ) Standard gauge 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in / 1,435 mm , Stephenson gauge Broad gauge 1,440 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 11 ⁄ 16 in ) 1,445 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 7 ⁄ 8 in ) 1,450 mm ( 4 ft 9 + 3 ⁄ 32 in ) 4 ft 9 + 3 ⁄ 8 in ( 1,457 mm ) 1,458 mm ( 4 ft 9 + 13 ⁄ 32 in ) 4 ft 10 + 7 ⁄ 8 in ( 1,495 mm ), Toronto gauge 5 ft / 1,524 mm and 1,520 mm ( 4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in ), Russian gauge. 5 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in / 1,581 mm and 5 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in / 1,588 mm , Pennsylvania gauge 5 ft 3 in ( 1,600 mm ), Irish gauge 5 ft 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ( 1,638 mm ), Baltimore gauge 1,668 mm ( 5 ft 5 + 21 ⁄ 32 in ), Iberian gauge 5 ft 6 in ( 1,676 mm ), Indian gauge 1,945 mm ( 6 ft 4 + 9 ⁄ 16 in ), De Arend 7 ft 1 ⁄ 4 in ( 2,140 mm ), Brunel gauge 3,000 mm ( 9 ft 10 + 1 ⁄ 8 in ), Breitspurbahn 8,200 mm ( 26 ft 10 + 27 ⁄ 32 in ), Lärchwandschrägaufzug 9,000 mm ( 29 ft 6 + 5 ⁄ 16 in ), Krasnoyarsk ship lift List of track gauge articles List of track gauges List of tram track gauges Miniature railways Minimum-gauge railways Large amusement railways Gauge differences Bogie exchange Break of gauge Dual gauge Gauge conversion list Variable gauge Transport mode Tram and light rail Rapid transit Miniature Scale model Categories by country by imperial units by metric units by name lists of track gauges v t e Railways and tramways of 15-inch (381 mm) gauge Asia Bal Bahran Park (Delhi, India) Sakuradani (Japan) Shuzenji Romney (Japan) Europe Anse (France) Donaupark (Austria) Dresdner Park (Germany) Killesberg Park (Germany) Park Auensee (Germany) Prater Park (Austria) United King- dom Alton Towers (defunct) Bellevue Park Blackpool Zoo Blenheim Park Bure Valley Cleethorpes Coast Conwy Valley Combe Martin Wildlife Park Craigtoun Duffield Bank Eaton Hall Evesham Vale Gulliver's Land Gulliver's World Haigh Country Park Heatherslaw Knowsley Safari Park Lakeside (Southport) Lappa Valley Lightwater Valley Liverpool Garden Festival Longleat Markeaton Park (defunct) Marwell Zoo (defunct) Oakwood Park Paradise Park Paultons Park Perrygrove Ravenglass & Eskdale Rhiw Valley Rhyl Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Saltburn Sand and Hutton Sherwood Forest Waveney Valley Whistlestop Valley Windmill Farm Wotton North America Bear Creek Park (Canada) Pindal Electric (Canada) Springbank Express (Canada) United States American Heritage B.A.D. Great Northern Gage Park Glenwood South Park Hillcrest & Wahtoke Joshua Tree & Southern GSD Laurel Run Little Toot Look Park Milwaukee County Zoo Safari Nickel Plate Northwest Ohio Orland, Newville and Pacific Paradise and Pacific Phoenix & Holly Redwood Valley Riverside and Great Northern Riverview & Twin Lakes Sonoma TrainTown Tiny Town Waterman & Western Oceania Bush Mill (Australia) Driving Creek (New Zealand) Whangaparaoa (New Zealand) Arlesdale (fictional) · Fairbourne (now re-gauged) · Far Tottering and Oyster Creek (temporary exhibition line) v t e Rail infrastructure Tracks (history) Axe ties Ballast Baulk road Breather switch Cant Clip and scotch Date nail Fastening system Fishplate Ladder track Minimum radius Profile Tie/Sleeper Transition curve Trackwork Balloon loop Classification yard Headshunt Pocket track Junction Gauntlet track Guide bar Passing loop Track gauge dual gauge Rail track tramway track Rail yard Railway electrification overhead lines third rail ground-level power supply Railway turntable Transfer table (traverser) Roll way Siding refuge siding Switch Track geometry Water crane Water trough Wye Signalling and safety Anti-trespass panels Block post Buffer stop Catch points Defect detector Derailer Guard rail Interlocking Level crossing Loading gauge Platform screen doors Railway signal Signalling control Structure gauge Signal bridge Tell-tale Train stop Wayside horn Structures Coaling tower Motive power depot / Railway workshop Platform Roundhouse Shed for trains for goods Station building clock ghost list Water stop Types Industrial Military Private station list Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fifteen-inch_gauge_railway&oldid=1227200193 " Categories : 15 in gauge railways Minimum gauge railways Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
702-588: The French word kilo , a shortening of kilogramme , was imported into the English language where it has been used to mean both kilogram and kilometre. While kilo as an alternative is acceptable, to The Economist for example, the Canadian government's Termium Plus system states that "SI (International System of Units) usage, followed in scientific and technical writing" does not allow its usage and it
741-465: The IPK from 1889 to 2019. In 1960, the metre , previously similarly having been defined with reference to a single platinum-iridium bar with two marks on it, was redefined in terms of an invariant physical constant (the wavelength of a particular emission of light emitted by krypton , and later the speed of light ) so that the standard can be independently reproduced in different laboratories by following
780-615: The ground with a central drainage pipe beneath; however after leaving the park the line was embanked. Neither was the line fenced - where it crossed between fields it was carried on girders over a deep ditch to prevent cattle straying. Its used red furnace cinder for ballast which was 5 to 6 inches (127 to 152 mm) deep and 4 feet (121.92 cm) wide. The track was steel flat-bottomed rail of 16.5 pounds per yard (8.2 kg/m), attached by spring clips to cast iron sleepers , 3 feet (0.91 m) long and 6.5 inches (165 mm) wide, spaced at 2-foot-3-inch (0.69 m) centres. Pointwork
819-524: The line ^ "The Blakesley Miniature Railway" . The SMJ Society . Retrieved 30 March 2022 . ^ "Home" . Evlr.co.uk . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Home" . Kirklesslightrailway.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Sadness as last remnants of Markeaton Park Railway to be demolished" . Derbytelegraph . Derbyshire Live. 2018-11-02 . Retrieved 3 November 2018 . ^ "American Heritage Railroad" . Americanfarmheritagemuseum.org . Archived from
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#1732779963084858-9446: The minimum that he felt was practical. Railways [ edit ] 15 inch gauge railway installations Name Country Location Notes Bush Mill Railway [REDACTED] Australia Port Arthur Closed Donauparkbahn [ de ] [REDACTED] Austria Vienna Prater Liliputbahn [REDACTED] Austria Vienna Bear Creek Park Train [REDACTED] Canada Surrey, British Columbia Pindal Electric Tramway [REDACTED] Canada London, Ontario Formerly in Montreal Springbank Express [REDACTED] Canada London, Ontario Chemin de fer Touristique d'Anse [REDACTED] France Anse, Rhône Dresden Park Railway [REDACTED] Germany Dresden Killesberg Park Railway [REDACTED] Germany Stuttgart Leipziger Parkeisenbahn [REDACTED] Germany Leipzig Difflin Lake Railway [REDACTED] Ireland Cygnus wood-land Railway [REDACTED] Japan Osaka Sakuradani Light Railway [REDACTED] Japan Toyono District of Osaka Prefecture Shuzenji Romney Railway [REDACTED] Japan Niji-no-Sato (Rainbow Park) in Izu, Shizuoka Driving Creek Railway [REDACTED] New Zealand Whangaparaoa Narrow Gauge Railway [REDACTED] New Zealand Closed Adventure Railway [REDACTED] UK Alton Towers (defunct, 1982–1992 - park still operating) Bellevue Park Railway [REDACTED] UK Belfast, Northern Ireland Closed 1950 Blackpool Zoo miniature railway [REDACTED] UK Lancashire Blakesley Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Blakesley Hall , Northamptonshire Opened 1903, closed c.1944. Blenheim Park Railway [REDACTED] UK Oxfordshire Brocklands Adventure Park [REDACTED] UK Cornwall Closed 2007 Bure Valley Railway [REDACTED] UK Norfolk Standard gauge line closed 1982. 15-inch gauge line opened 1990. Cleethorpes Coast Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Lincolnshire Conwy Valley Railway Museum [REDACTED] UK Betws-y-Coed , North Wales (short tramway) Craigtoun Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Craigtoun Park , St. Andrews Duffield Bank Railway [REDACTED] UK Closed 1916 Eaton Hall Railway [REDACTED] UK Closed 1946 Evesham Vale Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Evesham Country Park , Twyford, Worcestershire Fairbourne Railway [REDACTED] UK Wales (now converted to 12 + 1 ⁄ 4 in or 311 mm gauge) Far Tottering and Oyster Creek Branch Railway [REDACTED] UK Battersea Park , London Closed 1975 Gulliver's Land [REDACTED] UK Milton Keynes Gulliver's World [REDACTED] UK Warrington, Cheshire Haigh Hall Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Greater Manchester Heatherslaw Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Northumberland International Garden Festival Railway [REDACTED] UK 1984 Whistlestop Valley (Formerly Kirklees Light Railway) [REDACTED] UK Clayton West, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire Knowsley Safari Park ( The Lakeside Railway ) [REDACTED] UK Prescot, Merseyside Lakeside Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Southport, Merseyside Lappa Valley Steam Railway [REDACTED] UK Cornwall Lightwater Express Rio Grande [REDACTED] UK Ripon, North Yorkshire Theme Park Longleat Railway [REDACTED] UK Markeaton Park Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Derby Closed September 2016 Marwell Zoo [REDACTED] UK Colden Common, Hampshire Oakwood Theme Park [REDACTED] UK Narberth, Pembrokeshire Paradise Park [REDACTED] UK Hayle, Cornwall Paultons Park [REDACTED] UK Ower, Romsey, Hampshire Perrygrove Railway [REDACTED] UK Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway [REDACTED] UK Cumbria Rhiw Valley Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Manafon, Powys, Wales Closed 2022 Rhyl Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Clwyd, Wales Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway [REDACTED] UK Kent Saltburn Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Cat Nab, Cleveland Sand Hutton Miniature Railway [REDACTED] UK Yorkshire Closed 1922 Sherwood Forest Railway [REDACTED] UK Nottinghamshire Waveney Valley Railway [REDACTED] UK Bressingham Steam and Gardens Norfolk West Midlands Safari Park [REDACTED] UK Worcestershire Closed 2014 Windmill Farm Railway [REDACTED] UK Burscough, Lancashire Wildlife Park Cricket St Thomas [REDACTED] UK Chard, Somerset Wotton Light Railway [REDACTED] UK Wotton Underwood, Buckinghamshire American Heritage Railroad [REDACTED] USA Illinois Amusement Rides [REDACTED] USA City Park , Iowa City B.A.D. Great Northern Railroad [REDACTED] USA California Eden Springs Park Railroad ) [REDACTED] USA Benton Harbor, Michigan Gage Park Railroad [REDACTED] USA Gage Park, Topeka , Kansas Glenwood, South Park & Pacific Railroad [REDACTED] USA California Hillcrest & Wahtoke Steam Railroad [REDACTED] USA Reedley, California Joshua Tree & Southern GSD [REDACTED] USA California Kansas City Northern Miniature Railroad [REDACTED] USA Kansas City, Missouri Laurel Run Railroad [REDACTED] USA Pennsylvania Little Toot Railroad [REDACTED] USA Rough and Tumble Engineers Historical Association , Pennsylvania Look Park [REDACTED] USA Northampton, Massachusetts Miniature Railway at Silver Lake, Ohio [REDACTED] USA Silver Lake, Ohio Defunct Miniature Train at Monarch Park [REDACTED] USA Oil City, Pennsylvania Defunct Nickel Plate Railroad [REDACTED] USA California Northwest Ohio Railroad Preservation [REDACTED] USA Ohio Orland, Newville and Pacific Railroad [REDACTED] USA California (operating) Paradise & Pacific Railroad [REDACTED] USA McCormick-Stillman Railroad Park , Scottsdale, Arizona (separate 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 in or 190.5 mm railway named Scottsdale Live Steamers also present) (operating) Phoenix & Holly Railroad [REDACTED] USA Oregon Pint-Sized Pufferbelly [REDACTED] USA Strasburg Rail Road , Strasburg Township, Pennsylvania (operating) Redwood Valley Railway [REDACTED] USA Tilden Regional Park , California (operating) Riverside and Great Northern Railway [REDACTED] USA Wisconsin Riverview & Twin Lakes Railroad [REDACTED] USA Wyoming Safari Train [REDACTED] USA Milwaukee County Zoo , Milwaukee , Wisconsin (operating) Sonoma TrainTown Railroad [REDACTED] USA California (operating) Sullivan Railroad [REDACTED] USA Horseheads, New York Tiny Town Railroad [REDACTED] USA Colorado Waterman & Western Railroad [REDACTED] USA Illinois See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Trains portal Bassett-Lowke British narrow-gauge railways Heritage railway List of British heritage and private railways List of track gauges Minimum-gauge railway References [ edit ] ^ Heywood, A.P. (1974) [1881, Derby: Bemrose]. Minimum Gauge Railways . Turntable Enterprises. ISBN 0-902844-26-1 . ^ Donaupark ^ Bear Creek Park ^ "CEC: Closed Canadian Parks - Springbank Park" . Cec.chebucto.org . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ Going again ^ "シグナス森林鉄道" . Nose Electric Railway . Retrieved 10 June 2017 . ^ Tripadvisor ^ End of
897-466: The original on 12 August 2013 . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "City Park" . City of Iowa City . Retrieved 7 June 2017 . ^ "City Park (Iowa City)" (PDF) . Uni.edu . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Eden Springs Park Benton Harbor Michigan Formerly The House of David" . Edenspringspark.org . Retrieved 18 November 2017 . ^ "Glenwood, South Park & Pacific Railroad" . Traill.us . Archived from
936-655: The original on 21 May 2014 . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Hillcrest" . Hillcrestreedley.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Joshua Tree & Southern GSD" . Home.easrthlink.net . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Kansas City Northern Miniature Railroad" . kcparks.org/places/kansas-city-northern-railroad . ^ "Reading Society of Model Engineers" . Rsme.org . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ Sayre, Dave. "McCormick - Stillman Railroad Park" . Arizonaandpacificrr.com . Retrieved 1 June 2016 . ^ "Flower Farmer and Phoenix & Holly Railroad - Welcome to
975-3202: The original route. Fifteen-inch gauge railway Railway track gauge (381 mm) [REDACTED] Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway [REDACTED] Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway [REDACTED] One of the Chemin de fer Touristique d'Anse 's X131 when passing through the hills Track gauge By transport mode Rapid transit Tram Miniature Scale model By size ( list ) [REDACTED] Minimum Fifteen inch 381 mm (15 in) Narrow 600 mm 600 mm (1 ft 11 + 5 ⁄ 8 in) Two foot 610 mm (2 ft) Two foot three inch 686 mm (2 ft 3 in) 750 mm 750 mm (2 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Bosnian gauge 760 mm (2 ft 5 + 15 ⁄ 16 in) Two foot six inch 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) Swedish three foot 891 mm (2 ft 11 + 3 ⁄ 32 in) 900 mm 900 mm (2 ft 11 + 7 ⁄ 16 in) Three foot 914 mm (3 ft) Italian metre 950 mm (3 ft 1 + 13 ⁄ 32 in) Metre 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) Three foot six inch 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) Four foot 1,219 mm (4 ft) Four foot six inch 1,372 mm (4 ft 6 in) 1432 mm 1,432 mm (4 ft 8 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) Standard 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Broad Italian broad gauge 1,445 mm (4 ft 8 + 7 ⁄ 8 in) Dresden gauge 1,450 mm (4 ft 9 + 3 ⁄ 32 in) Leipzig gauge 1,458 mm (4 ft 9 + 13 ⁄ 32 in) Toronto gauge 1,495 mm (4 ft 10 + 7 ⁄ 8 in) 1520 mm 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 + 27 ⁄ 32 in) Five foot 1,524 mm (5 ft) Pennsylvania gauge 1,581 mm (5 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) Pennsylvania gauge 1,588 mm (5 ft 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Five foot three inch 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) Baltimore gauge 1,638 mm (5 ft 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) Iberian gauge 1,668 mm (5 ft 5 + 21 ⁄ 32 in) Five foot six inch 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) Six foot 1,829 mm (6 ft) Brunel 2,140 mm (7 ft 1 ⁄ 4 in) Breitspurbahn 3,000 mm (9 ft 10 1 ⁄ 8 in) Change of gauge Bogie exchange Break of gauge Dual gauge Conversion list Variable gauge By location North America South America Europe Australia [REDACTED] Fifteen-inch gauge railways were pioneered by Sir Arthur Percival Heywood who
1014-500: The reproducible production of new, kilogram-mass prototypes on demand (albeit with extraordinary effort) using measurement techniques and material properties that are ultimately based on, or traceable to, physical constants. Others were based on devices that measured either the acceleration or weight of hand-tuned kilogram test masses and that expressed their magnitudes in electrical terms via special components that permit traceability to physical constants. All approaches depend on converting
1053-405: The standard of the unit of mass for the metric system and remained so for 130 years, before the current standard was adopted in 2019 . The kilogram is defined in terms of three defining constants: The formal definition according to the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) is: The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of mass. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of
1092-456: The use of 15 in ( 381 mm ) gauge with his Duffield Bank Railway at his house at Duffield, Derbyshire in 1874. The narrow gauge railway, which had about four and a half miles (7.2 km), was used mainly to bring deliveries of fuel to Eaton Hall. It had a branch to the estate brickworks at Cuckoo's Nest, Pulford . Other supplies were also transported to the main house and it sometimes carried passengers. The line closed in 1946 and
1131-414: Was "Katie", an 0-4-0 T with Brown/Heywood valvegear (it had originally been intended to fit Stephenson/Howe valvegear). Following this were two identical 0-6-0 T locomotives, "Shelagh" and "Ursula". Further details are given below. Katie proved capable of handling up to 40 long tons (40.6 t; 44.8 short tons) on the level, or 20 long tons (20.3 t; 22.4 short tons) on the gradient, at
1170-618: Was accepted by the 24th conference of the CGPM in October 2011 and further discussed at the 25th conference in 2014. Although the Committee recognised that significant progress had been made, they concluded that the data did not yet appear sufficiently robust to adopt the revised definition, and that work should continue to enable the adoption at the 26th meeting, scheduled for 2018. Such a definition would theoretically permit any apparatus that
1209-592: Was adopted in Great Britain when the word was used for the first time in English in 1795, with the spelling kilogram being adopted in the United States. In the United Kingdom both spellings are used, with "kilogram" having become by far the more common. UK law regulating the units to be used when trading by weight or measure does not prevent the use of either spelling. In the 19th century
Eaton Hall Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue
1248-410: Was capable of delineating the kilogram in terms of the Planck constant to be used as long as it possessed sufficient precision, accuracy and stability. The Kibble balance is one way to do this. As part of this project, a variety of very different technologies and approaches were considered and explored over many years. Some of these approaches were based on equipment and procedures that would enable
1287-406: Was interested in what he termed a minimum gauge railway for use as estate railways or to be easy to lay on, for instance, a battlefield. In 1874, he described the principle behind it as used for his Duffield Bank Railway , distinguishing it from a "narrow-gauge" railway. Having previously built a small railway of 9 in ( 229 mm ) gauge, he settled on 15 in ( 381 mm ) gauge as
1326-525: Was motivated by evidence accumulated over a long period of time that the mass of the IPK and its replicas had been changing; the IPK had diverged from its replicas by approximately 50 micrograms since their manufacture late in the 19th century. This led to several competing efforts to develop measurement technology precise enough to warrant replacing the kilogram artefact with a definition based directly on physical fundamental constants. The International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) approved
1365-474: Was originally defined in 1795 during the French Revolution as the mass of one litre of water . The current definition of a kilogram agrees with this original definition to within 30 parts per million . In 1799, the platinum Kilogramme des Archives replaced it as the standard of mass. In 1889, a cylinder composed of platinum–iridium , the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK), became
1404-593: Was prepared at the workshop in Duffield (for which Heywood charged £7/15s/0d each (equivalent to £1,133 in 2023)), and carried to site. The maximum gradient was 1 in 70 (1.43%), Eaton Hall being 51 feet (16 m) above the sidings at Balderton. Bridges over one or two streams, the longest being 28 feet (8.5 m), but it crossed roadways on the level , at one point the main Wrexham to Chester road. Although Lord Heywood had obtained wayleave , it could only be
1443-456: Was removed a year later. In 1994 a 15 in ( 381 mm ) garden railway was installed at Eaton Hall; it is open when the estate is open to the public. The line was built on a surveyed course that followed the main driveway, across parkland, fields, and across two public highways. Across the Grosvenor estate, the railway was built to be as unobtrusive as possible by being laid level with
1482-528: Was returned to steam after a rebuild that lasted several decades. The engine is usually on display at the Ravenglass Railway Museum, although she is steamed regularly for special events throughout the year. Lord Heywood envisaged that the line could transport about 5,000 long tons (5,080 t; 5,600 short tons) per year. Freight would mainly be coal , timber , road metal and bricks . Heywood believed this to be perfectly adequate for
1521-818: Was sold to the Ravenglass and Eskdale Railway in 1916, but was found to be too small for the railway’s requirements and so was resold in 1919 to the Llewellyn Miniature Railway in Southport . In 1923 she was sold to the Fairbourne Miniature Railway where she operated trains until 1926 when she was withdrawn and dismantled. Her frames were later donated to the Narrow Gauge Railway Museum at Towyn, before being returned to Ravenglass. In 2018 Katie
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