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51-764: The East Asian Games was one of five subregional Games of the Olympic Council of Asia . The others are the Central Asian Games , the South Asian Games , the Southeast Asian Games , and the West Asian Games . It ended after the 2013 tournament , the games later transforming into East Asian Youth Games , with Mongolia's Ulaanbaatar hosting the inaugural edition . All 8 countries whose National Olympic Committee

102-453: A floodplain, a highway, the motorway connecting the city to Lyon, France, and a landfill. They analyzed the chemicals in these areas before and after the Games. Their findings revealed an increase in the number of metals in the topsoil post-Games, and indicated that soil was capable of buffering the effects of many but not all heavy metals. Mercury, lead, and arsenic may have been transferred into

153-640: A single gold medal. Former member 30 sports were competed in at the East Asian Games, including the 2013 edition in Tianjin . Olympic Council of Asia 29°20′55.0″N 48°05′23.3″E  /  29.348611°N 48.089806°E  / 29.348611; 48.089806 The Olympic Council of Asia ( OCA ) is a governing body of sports in Asia , currently with 45 member National Olympic Committees . Talal Fahad Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah

204-593: A sport to grow and develop. 2 New sports was added in 2023: 2026 Asian Games sports: 42 Sports consist of 32 sports from the Paris 2024 Olympic Games ( Surfing = New sport in Asian Games ) + 9 other sports. One from each of the five OCA Zones : Wushu (sport) ( East Asia ) , Sepak takraw ( Southeast Asia ) , Kabaddi ( South Asia ), Kurash ( Central Asia ) , Jujitsu ( West Asia ) and 7 Sports from AINAGOC (Aichi-Nagoya Asian Games Organising Committee) and

255-532: Is a member of the European Olympic Committees (EOC) instead. Source: Source: In General Assembly (GA) (OCA Annual General Assembly) hosts of various competitions are introduced and important decisions are made about the countries and sports that covered by OCA. 64th : January 2013 in Manila, Philippines. 90 Sports in 1 January 2024. The OCA provides recognition in order for

306-871: Is also given if it is different from the year in which the NOC was created. The NOC for Macau is recognized by the OCA, but is not recognized by the IOC and does not compete in the Olympic Games. The OCA also includes the NOCs of Chinese Taipei , Hong Kong , and Palestine . East Timor is the newest member, joining in 2003. The OCA includes the transcontinental country of Kazakhstan , but does not include Armenia , Azerbaijan , Cyprus , Georgia , Turkey , and Russia , although they are located wholly or mostly in Asia. Israel , however,

357-665: Is recognized by the East Asian Games Association and 1 country whose National Olympic Committee is recognized by the Oceania National Olympic Committees . Kazakhstan is a former member of the EAGA. It now participates in the Central Asian Games . Of the 10 National Olympic Committees participating throughout the history of the Games, all nations have won at least a single medal in the competition. 9 nations have won at least

408-534: Is released into the air from incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fluids, contributing to climate change and injuring human health. Secondary pollutants such as CO , NOx , SO2 , benzene , toluene , ethylbenzene , and xylenes ( BTEX ) are also released during construction. For the Beijing Olympics, vehicles not meeting the Euro 1 emission standards were banned, and the odd-even rule was implemented in

459-531: Is the primary method to reduce concentrations of air pollutants, including barring heavy vehicles. Research at the Beijing Olympic Games identified particulate matter – measured in terms of PM10 (the amount of aerodynamic diameter of particle ≤ 10 μm in a given amount of air) – as a top priority. Particulate matter, along with other airborne pollutants, cause both serious health problems, such as asthma , and damage urban ecosystems. Black carbon

510-837: The International Paralympic Committee (IPC), and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The IOC requires cities bidding to host the Olympics to provide a comprehensive strategy to protect the environment in preparation for hosting, and following the conclusion of the Games. The IOC has four major approaches to addressing environmental health concerns. Host cities have concerns about traffic congestion and air pollution, both of which can compromise air quality during and after venue construction. Various air quality improvement measures are undertaken before and after each event. Traffic control

561-537: The Xinjiang Papers . Detailed frameworks for environmental sustainability were prepared for the 2018 Winter Olympics and 2020 Summer Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea , and Tokyo , Japan , respectively. In September 2024, the IOC revealed its list of candidates for the presidency, featuring Sebastian Coe , David Lappartient , Kirsty Coventry , and Juan Antonio Samaranch Salisachs among

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612-558: The "Olympic House" would be inaugurated on 23 June 2019 to coincide with its 125th anniversary. The Olympic Museum remains in Ouchy , Lausanne. Since 2002, the IOC has been involved in several high-profile controversies including taking gifts, its DMCA take down request of the 2008 Tibetan protest videos, Russian doping scandals , and its support of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics despite China's human rights violations documented in

663-537: The 28 IOSFs of Olympic summer sports and the seven IOSFs of Olympic winter sports. The continually increasing value of Olympic broadcasts has enabled the IOC to substantially increase financial support to IOSFs with each successive Games. The seven winter sports IFs shared US$ 85.8 million, €75 million in Salt Lake 2002 broadcast revenue. The IOC contributes Olympic marketing revenue to the programmes of various recognized international sports organizations, including

714-596: The AESF and aims to bring the Olympic spirit to eSports and introduce an education program for participating eSports athletes. On 8 July 2023, Talal Fahad Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah was elected as President of the OCA. However, the IOC refused to recognize the election, and on 30 July 2023, the IOC, in a letter, asked Randhir Singh , who was at the time the Acting President of the OCA, to continue as acting president while

765-544: The Beijing administrative area. Air quality improvement measures implemented by the Beijing government included replacing coal with natural gas, suspending construction, imposing strict dust control on construction sites, closing or relocating the polluting industrial plants, building long subway lines, using cleaner fluid in power plants, and reducing the activity by some of the polluting factories. There, levels of primary and secondary pollutants were reduced, and good air quality

816-613: The IIHF decided to allow Canada to use nine non-NHL professional hockey players at the 1970 World Championships in Montreal and Winnipeg , Manitoba, Canada. The decision was reversed in January 1970 after Brundage declared that the change would put ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport in jeopardy. In response, Canada withdrew from international ice hockey competition and officials stated that they would not return until "open competition"

867-507: The IOC and became the organisation's first marketing director. ISL and then Meridian continued in the established role as the IOC's sales and marketing agents until 2002. In collaboration with ISL Marketing and Meridian Management, Payne made major contributions to the creation of a multibillion-dollar sponsorship marketing programme for the organisation which, along with improvements in TV marketing and improved financial management, helped to restore

918-669: The IOC investigated the 2023 OCA presidential election. In July 2024, Singh was elected as the next President of the OCA, and the election, where he was the sole candidate, was unanimously approved by the Election Committee. Singh's presidential election is set to take place at the OCA General Assembly on 8 September 2024. In the following table, the year in which the NOC was recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC)

969-454: The IOC's financial viability. The Olympic Movement generates revenue through five major programmes. The OCOGs have responsibility for domestic sponsorship, ticketing and licensing programmes, under the direction of the IOC. The Olympic Movement generated a total of more than US$ 4 billion (€2.5 billion) in revenue during the Olympic quadrennium from 2001 to 2004. The IOC distributes some of its revenue to organisations throughout

1020-489: The Olympic Council of Asia: Baseball / Softball , Cricket , Karate , Esports , Squash (sport) , Dancesport ( Breakdance , Virtual) , Tenpin bowling and proposed: Powerlifting . Related Events: International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee ( IOC ; French: Comité international olympique , CIO ) is the international, non-governmental , sports governing body of

1071-610: The Olympic Games. As of 2020 , 206 NOCs officially were recognized by the IOC. The IOC president has been Thomas Bach since 2013. Its stated mission is to promote Olympism throughout the world and to lead the Olympic Movement: All IOC members must swear to the following: "Honoured to be chosen as a member of the International Olympic Committee, I fully accept all the responsibilities that this office brings: I promise to serve

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1122-498: The Olympic Movement to support the staging of the Olympic Games and to promote worldwide sport development. The IOC retains approximately 10% of the Olympic marketing revenue for operational and administrative costs. For the 2013–2016 period, the IOC had revenues of about US$ 5.0 billion, of which 73% were from broadcasting rights and 18% were from Olympic Partners. The Rio 2016 organising committee received US$ 1.5 billion and

1173-520: The Olympic Movement to the best of my ability. I will respect the Olympic Charter and accept the decisions of the IOC. I will always act independently of commercial and political interests as well as of any racial or religious consideration. I will fully comply with the IOC Code of Ethics. I promise to fight against all forms of discrimination and dedicate myself in all circumstances to promote

1224-476: The Olympic symbols. When Brundage retired the IOC had US$ 2 million in assets; eight years later coffers had swollen, to US$ 45 million. This was primarily due to a shift in ideology toward expansion of the Games through corporate sponsorship and the sale of television rights. When Juan Antonio Samaranch was elected IOC president in 1980 his desire was to make the IOC financially independent. Samaranch appointed Canadian IOC member Richard Pound to lead

1275-640: The President or upon the written request of at least one third of the members. Among others, the powers of the Session are: The number of all serving IOC members may not exceed 115. When named they became IOC members in their respective countries rather than representatives of their respective countries to the IOC. Categories of the IOC members include: Membership ends under the following circumstances: IOC recognizes 82 international sports federations (IFs): IOC awards gold, silver, and bronze medals for

1326-572: The Sochi 2014 organising committee received US$ 833 million. National Olympic committees and international federations received US$ 739 million each. In July 2000, when the Los Angeles Times reported on how the IOC redistributes profits from sponsorships and broadcasting rights , historian Bob Barney stated that he had "yet to see matters of corruption in the IOC", but noted there were "matters of unaccountability". He later noted that when

1377-701: The UN Agenda and to attend UN General Assembly meetings where it can take the floor. In 1993, the General Assembly approved a Resolution to further solidify IOC–UN cooperation by reviving the Olympic Truce . The IOC received approval in November 2015 to construct a new headquarters in Vidy , Lausanne. The cost of the project was estimated to stand at $ 156m. The IOC announced on 11 February 2019 that

1428-562: The eligibility conditions defined by the OCA Constitution and election interference by his brother Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah . The headquarters of the OCA is located at Kuwait City , Kuwait . In 1948, during the 1948 Summer Olympics , Asian National Olympic Committees (NOCs) decided to organize the Asian Games , under the auspices of Asian Games Federation . The following year the Asian Games Federation

1479-662: The excavation of the site for the Games. Other local residents, construction workers, and onsite archaeologists faced similar exposures and risks. The Olympic Games can affect water quality in several ways, including runoff and the transfer of polluting substances from the air to water sources through rainfall. Harmful particulates come from natural substances (such as plant matter crushed by higher volumes of pedestrian and vehicle traffic) and man-made substances (such as exhaust from vehicles or industry). Contaminants from these two categories elevate amounts of toxins in street dust. Street dust reaches water sources through runoff, facilitating

1530-492: The food chain. One promise made to Londoners for the 2012 Olympic Games was that the Olympic Park would be a "blueprint for sustainable living." However, garden allotments were temporarily relocated due to the building of the Olympic stadium. The allotments were eventually returned. However, the soil quality was damaged. Further, allotment residents were exposed to radioactive waste for five months prior to moving, during

1581-574: The goals of improved air quality and water quality , sustainable energy, improved waste management, and environmental education. These projects included industrial plant relocation or closure, furnace replacement, introduction of new emission standards, and more strict traffic control. In 2009, the UN General Assembly granted the IOC Permanent Observer status. The decision enables the IOC to be directly involved in

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1632-517: The greatest need. The continued success of the TOP programme and Olympic broadcast agreements has enabled the IOC to provide increased support for the NOCs with each Olympic quadrennium. The IOC provided approximately US$ 318.5 million to NOCs for the 2001–2004 quadrennium. The IOC is the largest single revenue source for the majority of IOSFs , with contributions that assist them in developing their respective sports. The IOC provides financial support to

1683-423: The initiative as Chairman of the "New Sources of Finance Commission". In 1982 the IOC drafted International Sport and Leisure , a Swiss sports marketing company, to develop a global marketing programme for the Olympic Movement. ISL developed the programme, but was replaced by Meridian Management, a company partly owned by the IOC in the early 1990s. In 1989, a staff member at ISL Marketing, Michael Payne , moved to

1734-507: The interests of the International Olympic Committee and Olympic Movement." The IOC was created by Pierre de Coubertin , on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president. As of February 2022, its membership consists of 105 active members and 45 honorary members. The IOC is the supreme authority of the worldwide modern Olympic Movement. The IOC organises the modern Olympic Games and Youth Olympic Games (YOG), held in summer and winter every four years. The first Summer Olympics

1785-600: The modern Olympic Games . Founded in 1894 by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas , it is based in Lausanne , Switzerland. The IOC is the authority responsible for organizing the Summer , Winter , and Youth Olympics. The IOC also is the governing body of the National Olympic Committees (NOCs) and of the worldwide Olympic Movement , the IOC's term for all entities and individuals involved in

1836-412: The planning of the two events from one another, and to improve the financial balance of the IOC, which receives a proportionally greater income in Olympic years. Since 1995, the IOC has worked to address environmental health concerns resulting from hosting the games. In 1995, IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch stated, "the International Olympic Committee is resolved to ensure that the environment becomes

1887-615: The seven contenders. The other candidates included Prince Faisal bin Hussein and the presidents of the international skiing and gymnastics federations, Johan Eliasch and Morinari Watanabe . It is an association under the Swiss Civil Code ( articles 60–79 ). The IOC Session is the general meeting of the members of the IOC, held once a year in which each member has one vote. It is the IOC's supreme organ and its decisions are final. Extraordinary Sessions may be convened by

1938-709: The spotlight is on the athletes, it has "the power to eclipse impressions of scandal or corruption", with respect to the Olympic bid process. The IOC provides TOP programme contributions and broadcast revenue to the OCOGs to support the staging of the Olympic Games: NOCs receive financial support for training and developing their Olympic teams, Olympic athletes, and Olympic hopefuls. The IOC distributes TOP programme revenue to each NOC. The IOC also contributes Olympic broadcast revenue to Olympic Solidarity, an IOC organisation that provides financial support to NOCs with

1989-401: The state-sponsored "full-time amateur athlete" of Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the notion of the pure amateur, as it put Western, self-financed amateurs at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were paid by the state to train on a full-time basis. Nevertheless, the IOC held to

2040-507: The third dimension of the organization of the Olympic Games, the first and second being sport and culture." Acting on this statement, in 1996 the IOC added the "environment" as a third pillar to its vision for the Olympic Games. In 2000, the "Green Olympics" effort was developed by the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Beijing Olympic Games. The Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics executed over 160 projects addressing

2091-487: The top three competitors in each sporting event. Other honours. During the first half of the 20th century the IOC ran on a small budget. As IOC president from 1952 to 1972, Avery Brundage rejected all attempts to link the Olympics with commercial interests. Brundage believed that corporate interests would unduly impact the IOC's decision-making. Brundage's resistance to this revenue stream left IOC organising committees to negotiate their own sponsorship contracts and use

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2142-666: The traditional rules regarding amateurism. Near the end of the 1960s, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) felt their amateur players could no longer be competitive against the Soviet full-time athletes and other constantly improving European teams. They pushed for the ability to use players from professional leagues, but met opposition from the IIHF and IOC. At the IIHF Congress in 1969,

2193-430: The transfer of toxins to environments and communities that rely on these water sources. In 2013, researchers in Beijing found a significant relationship between the amount of PM2.5 concentrations in the air and in rainfall. Studies showed that rainfall had transferred a large portion of these pollutants from the air to water sources. Notably, this cleared the air of such particulates, substantially improving air quality at

2244-413: The venues. De Coubertin was influenced by the aristocratic ethos exemplified by English public schools . The public schools subscribed to the belief that sport formed an important part of education but that practicing or training was considered cheating. As class structure evolved through the 20th century, the definition of the amateur athlete as an aristocratic gentleman became outdated. The advent of

2295-455: Was developed. Contaminated soil was consolidated into four containment areas within the site, which left the remaining areas available for recreational use. The site contained waste materials that then no longer posed a threat to surrounding aquifers. In the 2006 Games in Torino, Italy, soil impacts were observed. Before the Games, researchers studied four areas that the Games would likely affect:

2346-422: Was elected as President of the OCA on 8 July 2023. However, on 30 July 2023, the International Olympic Committee asked Randhir Singh , who was the acting president at the time, to continue as the Acting President of the OCA while the IOC investigated the OCA presidential election of 2023. On 13 October 2023, the IOC ethics committee asked the OCA to annul its 2023 elections due to Talal’s candidacy not fulfilling

2397-670: Was excluded after the Munich Massacre , upon the claim that their delegation security at the Asian Games would be a problem. The South Caucasian countries opted to join the European Olympic Committees after the dissolution of the Soviet Union . Israel was a member of the Asian Games Federation , but was excluded from the Olympic Council of Asia upon its re-incorporation in 1981. Since 1994, Israel

2448-742: Was held in Athens , Greece, in 1896 ; the first Winter Olympics was in Chamonix , France, in 1924 . The first Summer YOG was in Singapore in 2010 , and the first Winter YOG was in Innsbruck in 2012 . Until 1992, both the Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year. After that year, however, the IOC shifted the Winter Olympics to the even years between Summer Games to help space

2499-525: Was instituted. Beginning in the 1970s, amateurism was gradually phased out of the Olympic Charter. After the 1988 Games, the IOC decided to make all professional athletes eligible for the Olympics, subject to the approval of the IFOSs. The Games were originally awarded to Denver on 12 May 1970, but a steep rise in costs led to Colorado voters' rejection on 7 November 1972, by 60% of the vote, of

2550-575: Was organized. Decades later this would be reorganized and the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) was established in New Delhi on 16 November 1982. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) recognized the OCA within the same year. The OCA together with the Asian Electronic Sports Federation (AESF) announced a new campaign for the upcoming 2022 Asian Games. The campaign, ‘Road to Asian Games’ will be officially organized by

2601-458: Was recorded during the Beijing Olympics on most days. Beijing also sprayed silver iodide in the atmosphere to induce rain to remove existing pollutants from the air. Soil contamination can occur during construction. The Sydney Olympic Games of 2000 resulted in improving a highly contaminated area known as Homebush Bay. A pre-Games study reported soil metal concentrations high enough to potentially contaminate groundwater. A remediation strategy

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