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73-596: The East London line extension (ELLX) project was a British railway engineering project in London, managed by Transport for London . The project involved extending the East London Line (formerly part of the London Underground network) and making it part of the mainline London Overground network. This was done by re-opening sections of disused railway line and by converting track electrified by

146-661: A day for late delivery. Carillion was also awarded a contract to maintain the extended line. The seven-year, £80 million contract, which was announced in February 2009, required Carillion to provide TfL with management, technical resources, plant, equipment and labour. Bombardier supplied the line's rolling stock as part of a £259 million contract to provide trains for the London Overground network. In August 2006, Transport for London placed an initial £223 million order for 152 carriages comprising 20 four-coach trains for

219-586: A final route was decided. Initial proposals around 1992 envisaged the western extension running from Peckham Rye to East Dulwich. The East London Line extension project was officially initiated by the Government on 9 October 2001, with construction of the northern extension due to begin in December 2001. However, it was held up when it came to light that the Grade II listed 19th-century Braithwaite arches in

292-417: A limited "preview" service began on 27 April 2010 between Dalston Junction and New Cross/New Cross Gate, and the line came into full operation between Dalston Junction and West Croydon/Crystal Palace on 23 May. The proximity of the line re-opening date to the forthcoming parliamentary general election also generated speculation about political motives, with opposition parties suggesting Mayor Boris Johnson

365-457: A period of uncertainty, funding for this phase was announced in February 2009 with a prospective completion date of May 2012, in time for the start of the 2012 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games , which were held in London in July 2012. TfL, however, postponed the opening date to 9 December 2012. A new station at Surrey Canal Road was proposed. In September 2010, funding for this was refused by

438-682: A service from Dalston Junction via the historic Thames Tunnel under the River Thames and along part of the Brighton Main Line to West Croydon and Crystal Palace . Trains also go to New Cross , where they make a connection with the South Eastern Main Line . On 28 February 2011, the line was connected at its northern end to the North London Line at Highbury & Islington. In the second phase of

511-610: A version of the Underground roundel with red replaced by orange, the colour used on Tube maps for the East London Line. Three major new bridges were installed on the line between March and May 2008. On 29 March 2008, a new bridge weighing 350 tonnes was lifted into place over Shoreditch High Street. The bridge was manufactured to a tied arch or bowstring design in Chepstow by engineering firm Fairfield Mabey , and

584-656: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Southern (train operating company) Southern is the brand name used by the Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) train operating company on the Southern routes of the Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise in England. It is a subsidiary of Govia , a joint venture between transport groups Go-Ahead and Keolis , and has operated

657-477: Is maintained at Brighton Lovers Walk and Selhurst depots. The Gatwick Express fleet is maintained at Stewarts Lane . Light maintenance is also carried out at Littlehampton for the electric fleet, and St Leonards for the class 171 fleet when on Marshlink services. Southern, as part of its successful bid for the South Central franchise in 2009, made several commitments to improving services across

730-477: The Department for Transport but the developer Renewal later agreed to fund it as part of its Surrey Canal development scheme, which was due to start in 2013, and Lewisham Council granted planning permission. The new station was planned to open in 2015, depending on the pace of new housing development in the vicinity. At Clapham Junction, former Platform 2 was divided into two staggered platforms; Platform 1 for

803-733: The South Central franchise since August 2001 and the Gatwick Express service since June 2008. When the passenger rail franchise was subsumed into GTR, Southern was split from Gatwick Express and the two became separate brands, alongside the Thameslink and Great Northern brands. Southern operates the majority of commuter services from its Central London terminals at London Bridge and London Victoria to South London, East and West Sussex , as well as regional services in parts of Hampshire , Kent and Surrey . It also provides services between Watford Junction and Croydon via

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876-470: The South London Line services unavoidable, particularly in respect of the even more restricted capacity during the reconstruction of London Bridge. A number of different routeing proposals were put forward before the route of the northern, southern and western extensions was finalised. The southerly route across south London's existing network of suburban railways underwent many changes before

949-466: The West London line . For three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018, Southern came last on passenger satisfaction in surveys conducted by the consumer group Which? , scoring low for value for money, reliability, and punctuality in 2018. In 2022, Southern was ranked second-worst on overall passenger satisfaction in a survey conducted by Transport Focus . As part of the wider privatisation of

1022-401: The third-rail system, signalling, lineside signage and communication systems, etc. to mainline standards. New rolling stock was introduced and four new stations built along the route, with a fifth scheduled to be added in the future at New Bermondsey . The work, which cost around £1 billion, began in 2005 and was carried out in two phases. The first phase was completed on 23 May 2010 with

1095-632: The 'Metro' area of the South Central franchise. However, such a transfer never took place and the DfT put out the entire franchise for tender. In August 2008, the DfT shortlisted Govia, National Express , NedRail and Stagecoach for the new South Central franchise. In June 2009, the DfT announced that Govia had retained the franchise, to start on 20 September 2009. In March 2012, the Department for Transport announced that Abellio , FirstGroup , Govia , MTR and Stagecoach had been shortlisted for

1168-568: The 1980s London Transport considered converting the line into a light railway similar to the Docklands Light Railway , or restoring the disused connection to Liverpool Street . By 1989 a proposal had emerged to extend it north to Dalston and south to Peckham Rye and Dulwich, sharing track and stations with the mainline network, in a similar fashion to parts of the Bakerloo line , District line and Metropolitan line . The plan

1241-1022: The Class 377/6 fleet. In April 2016, Southern commenced a lease for nine three-carriage Class 170s last used by First ScotRail from Eversholt Rail Group . Four (170421–424) moved to Wolverton Works in 2015 and were reconfigured as two two-carriage and two four-carriage Class 171s. The other five (170416–420) remain in Scotland on sub-lease to Abellio ScotRail and were scheduled to move to Southern in 2018. In May 2022, Southern withdrew its Class 455s and received 2 Class 377s from Southeastern. On 7 September 2022, three Class 171s , having been reformed to three-car formations and renumbered to 170422–424, transferred to East Midlands Railway . Brighton Main Line East Coastway line West Coastway line (Brighton to Southampton Central) Former units operated by Southern include: Southern's fleet

1314-532: The Coastway lines from May 2010. The Class 313s remained in service until May 2023, when they were withdrawn and replaced by Class 377s. During 2011, Southern announced that, because of delays in procuring new trains for the Thameslink Programme , the 23 Class 377/5s on sub-lease to First Capital Connect would not be returned in time to deliver the operator's planned capacity increases from

1387-406: The December 2013 timetable change. It therefore began a process to procure 130 new vehicles. It was announced in December 2011 that Bombardier had been contracted to supply 26 five-car Class 377/6s. In November 2012, it was announced that an option for a further 40 vehicles was being exercised. All twenty-four Class 456s were transferred to South West Trains in 2014 after the introduction of

1460-525: The East London line and 24 three-coach trains for the North London line. The order was expanded during July 2007 at an additional cost of £36 million to provide another three trains for the East London line. Manufacturing work began at Bombardier's Derby plant at the start of 2008; the last train was scheduled to be delivered by May 2010. The company beat the other bidders Siemens , Hitachi , and

1533-508: The Government in 1996, however, a lack of financing again forced the project to be put on hold only a year later. A solution to the funding issue was found in 1999 when London Transport announced that it was seeking private funds to realise the extension plans. Control of the project was given to the Strategic Rail Authority rather than to London Underground, in view of the impact that it would have on mainline services. It

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1606-571: The London Underground stock they replaced, the trains have longitudinal seating similar to most classes of Tube trains to cater for the expected increase in use. The stations between New Cross Gate, Crystal Palace and West Croydon were previously managed by Southern but London Overground took over control of these stations in September 2009 in preparation for the new London Overground services. TfL selected Parsons Brinckerhoff as

1679-630: The SSRA announced that Govia had been awarded the franchise and would operate it from May 2003. Govia negotiated a deal with Connex to buy out the remainder of its franchise, this was completed in August 2001. Govia trading as SouthCentral took over operations on 26 August 2001. The franchise was originally to run for twenty years but, in 2002, the Strategic Rail Authority changed the way it handled financing agreements and therefore Govia

1752-566: The South Central Franchise Consultation Paper, be the reopening of the Uckfield – Lewes line, closed in 1969. During the 2010s, several interested parties have been examining the possibility of reopening the line. In January 2016, Transport for London announced a proposal to take over the London suburban parts of the franchise in 2021 through a partnership with the Department for Transport to form

1825-540: The South London line to the West London line so passengers would have to change from one to the other at Clapham Junction. Transport for London took over the management of Clapham High Street and Wandsworth Road stations when the new service started. The core section of the line between Dalston and Surrey Quays is served by 16 trains per hour. New Cross Gate to Sydenham has eight trains per hour. The remainder of

1898-560: The West Coastway line and direct services between Southampton and Brighton on Sundays. In January 2015, Southern hit controversy when it was revealed that the 7.29am Brighton to London Victoria train failed to get in on time on any occasion out of all 240 attempts in 2014. Later in May 2015 it was revealed that Southern had fined passengers for standing in first class on an overcrowded train. Only 20% of Southern trains arrived on time in

1971-568: The central section between Dalston Junction and Surrey Quays. The southern extension of phase one from New Cross Gate to Crystal Palace and West Croydon was completed simultaneously with that to Dalston in 2010, and a full service began in May 2010. The northern extension makes use of disused trackbeds on the Kingsland Viaduct that formerly carried the North London Railway branch to Broad Street station , which

2044-417: The conclusion of the Southern franchise in July 2015, the South Central franchise was merged into the Govia Thameslink Railway franchise, which is run as a management contract rather than a traditional franchise. However, the Southern brand was retained. Southern was criticised for major changes to its timetables in December 2007 and December 2008. In December 2007, Southern changed the arrangement for

2117-524: The conductor to concentrate on the passengers, but the RMT and Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen (ASLEF) unions said that it was an attempt to make conductors unnecessary and would be unsafe. The rail safety regulator, the Rail Standards and Safety Board has said that "We have 30 years of data which we have analysed. We have found that the driver performing the task does not increase

2190-458: The contract". In 2016, the company introduced an "amended timetable [that] would be a temporary measure until staffing returned to normal" to be announced on 5 July. The National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) trade union said that 350 services would be cancelled every day (the company ran 2,242 weekday services in the previous timetable). The company said it had insufficient personnel, and too many were taking sick leave ;

2263-480: The difference in speed and frequency of service between East Coastway services and those on the Brighton Main Line. Further changes to the timetable were made in December 2010; the first timetable change to include many of the requirements of the new franchise. Additional services were included at evenings and weekends. In the London area a 'metro' frequency of service was introduced on most routes with

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2336-503: The dispute with ASLEF had been resolved. However, the RMT union said it was 'betrayed' by Southern and that strikes by the RMT would continue. On 29 June 2017, ASLEF implemented an overtime ban with the aim of highlighting a claimed failure by Southern to recruit adequate staff. The standard off-peak service as of June 2024 is: As of May 2022 , Southern services are almost entirely operated by 214 Class 377 electric multiple units, with

2409-648: The double-track line continues under Kingsland High Street and Boleyn Road, and then parallels the existing North London Line with services running through Canonbury (for interchange with the North London Line eastbound) to Highbury & Islington (for interchange with the Victoria line , North London Line westbound and Northern City Line ). The stations between New Cross Gate and Crystal Palace/West Croydon were previously managed by Southern , which ran all train services to these stations before they were later transferred to TfL control. The existing section of line

2482-512: The exception of services on the unelectrified Marshlink line and the Uckfield branch of the Oxted line , which use Class 171 diesel multiple units. South Central inherited a fleet of Class 205 , Class 207 , Class 319 , Class 421 , Class 423 , Class 455 and Class 456 multiple-unit trains from Connex South Central . Southern inherited a Class 73 locomotive and Class 460 Juniper trains from Gatwick Express . A franchise commitment

2555-448: The existing Overground services to/from Willesden Junction and Stratford, and Platform 2 for the new services to/from Highbury & Islington. In addition, a disused staircase at Platform 2 was brought back into use and a new lift was installed to improve access from the newly refurbished Grant Road entrance. Trains run every 15 minutes between Clapham Junction and Highbury & Islington. There were no plans to operate trains through from

2628-448: The extended Gatwick Express services to Brighton, in 2008 Southern leased 17 Class 442 Wessex Electrics withdrawn by South West Trains in early 2007. After retaining the franchise in 2009, Southern leased the remaining seven Class 442s. The last of the Class 460 Junipers were withdrawn in September 2012. To release Class 377/3s for use on London suburban services, Southern introduced a fleet of ex- London Overground Class 313s on

2701-417: The extension of the weekday daytime four-trains-per-hour norm to late evenings (up to around midnight), Saturdays and Sundays. In addition, new late-night services were introduced from London on Friday and Saturday nights with last trains leaving central London at around 00:30. Outside London, a new later-evening service was introduced to Uckfield from London Bridge, new late-night services from Brighton along

2774-471: The extension plans were postponed indefinitely owing to cutbacks in Tube funding. Another proposal was made in 1993 to extend the line from Whitechapel to Dalston Junction, involving the construction of new stations at Bishopsgate , Hoxton and Haggerston, and received the support of a public inquiry in 1994. Construction was envisaged to begin in 1996 and to be completed by 1998. The project was finally approved by

2847-546: The extension, with services from Whitechapel being replaced by buses. The rest of the East London line closed on 22 December 2007, with rail replacement buses linking the stations north and south of the Thames (but not crossing the river due to height restrictions in the Rotherhithe Tunnel ). On 5 September 2006, it was announced that the line would transfer from London Underground to London Overground , branded with

2920-497: The former Bishopsgate Goods Yard were to be demolished as part of the project. Campaigners launched legal action against London Underground in an effort to prevent the demolition, but the project finally received legal clearance in the Court of Appeal on 7 July 2003. Because of an inability to extend the platforms at the existing Wapping and Rotherhithe stations and make them fully compliant with current rail safety regulations, it

2993-455: The government gave a management contract rather than a normal franchise to GTR in order to push through DOO. The management contract meant that GTR did not have the incentive to resolve strikes as a normal franchisee would have, as the government lost money from strikes rather than GTR. On 2 February 2017, the TUC announced that talks between Southern and ASLEF had reached an agreement meaning that

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3066-551: The government had permitted GTR to introduce the emergency timetable, but that it was "nothing to do with staff sickness and everything to do with gross mismanagement of this franchise and the failure to employ enough guards and drivers. ... a cynical and cowardly ploy". The London Evening Standard mentioned Southern in an article in June 2016 "Southern rail suggests commuter goes on 100 mile detour to Clapham instead of her normal six minute journey". In June 2016, amongst criticism of

3139-527: The line is served by four trains per hour. The new line serves 30 stations. As part of the upgrade, new mainline rolling stock replaced the former London Underground A60 and A62 Stock , which had been in service for 50 years. As of 2012 the line operated 23 Class 378/1 "Capitalstar" four-car electric multiple units , which are similar to the Class 376 already in use by Southeastern ), although some five-car units have since been introduced to meet demand. Unlike

3212-413: The network. These included: The franchise consultation paper released at the beginning of the 2009 franchising process stated that the ultimate franchise agreement would include a change mechanism to enable the DfT to incorporate additional routes into the South Central franchise, and it invited bidders to submit priced options for schemes put forward by stakeholders. One such scheme could, as indicated in

3285-713: The new Thameslink, Southern and Great Northern franchise. The Invitation to Tender was to be issued in October 2012, with the successful bidder announced in spring 2013. However, in the wake of the collapse of the InterCity West Coast refranchising process, the government announced in October 2012 that the process would be put on hold pending the results of a review. In December 2012, Southern's London Victoria to London Bridge via Denmark Hill service ceased, being partially replaced by London Overground 's new Clapham Junction to Dalston Junction service. At

3358-464: The performance of its services, Go-Ahead warned of lower than anticipated profits on its Govia Thameslink Railway franchises, leading to an 18% drop in the Go-Ahead share price. From 31 October 2016, Southern restored the full weekday timetable. In 2016, Southern altered its method of door operation, with control of the doors moving from the conductor to the driver. Southern said this would allow

3431-511: The power to cancel trains. In December 2016, it was announced that the government would pay £50   million to Southern to cover the costs of the disruption caused by the strikes, due to a deal between the government and Southern. This deal means that the government pays £38   million for lost revenue and £15   million in compensation to passengers. This deal also means that Govia Thameslink Railway will save around £1.1   million in pay for striking workers. Commentators argued that

3504-406: The programme managers in May 2005 and in June that year, TfL awarded Taylor Woodrow a £30 million contract to undertake enabling works on Kingsland Viaduct and other sites. Mott MacDonald was appointed the project's technical advisor. The main works on the line were undertaken by a consortium of the engineering and construction groups Balfour Beatty and Carillion . In October 2006, TfL announced

3577-575: The project, on 9 December 2012, a branch was connected to the South London Line enabling services to run to Clapham Junction . Phase 1 of the ELLX project involved the extension of the original line at its northern and southern ends. The northern extension runs from Whitechapel to Highbury & Islington , connecting with the North London Line ; this section became operational as far as Dalston Junction in late May 2010, and to Highbury & Islington on 28 February 2011, with trains every five minutes on

3650-508: The prospect of no onward trains. During December 2008, further timetable changes included the introduction of the extended Gatwick Express services. However, reliability and timekeeping on some of the new services were considered poor, leading to several public meetings being held. On 22 January 2009, Southern responded to some of these criticisms. During 2009, these services have recorded improved timekeeping and criticisms have since subsided. The new timetable also led to unhappiness due to

3723-499: The railways expanded and became a major economic force, a great many engineers became involved in the field, probably the most notable in Britain being Richard Trevithick , George Stephenson and Isambard Kingdom Brunel . Today, railway systems engineering continues to be a vibrant field of engineering. This rail-transport related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This engineering-related article

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3796-436: The risk to passengers at all." During 2016, the RMT and ASLEF unions went on strike over the changes, causing severe disruption to Southern services. The strikes continued into 2017. The BBC suggested that the RMT union are particularly worried about the new method of operation because if drivers (rather than conductors) control the doors then trains could run without conductors and thus any strike by conductors would not have

3869-683: The rolling stock operating company Porterbrook , which would have supplied pre-owned trains. On 12 October 2004, the Mayor of London confirmed phase one of the East London Line Project would be delivered as part of the Capital Investment Programme. On 16 November 2004, he announced control of the project had passed from the Strategic Rail Authority to TfL so the project could be initiated and funded from TfL's five-year investment programme. The planned service

3942-597: The splitting of services to and from London Victoria on the Arun Valley Line , opting to split trains at Horsham rather than Barnham , as well as run the portion to Portsmouth or Southampton non-stop to Barnham. Some passengers criticised this change as it increased the journey time to and from London by up to 10 minutes from certain stations, while in the event of services running behind schedule, trains were sometimes not split at Horsham, and proceeded non-stop to Barnham, leaving Arun Valley commuters at Horsham with

4015-619: The state owned railway operator British Rail in the 1990s, Connex South Central was awarded the Network SouthCentral franchise by the Director of Passenger Rail Franchising . Operations commenced on 26 May 1996. In March 2000, the Shadow Strategic Rail Authority (SSRA) announced its intention to relet the franchise from May 2003; both Connex and Govia were shortlisted. In October 2000,

4088-417: The suspension of services in and out of Liverpool Street station until the following day and causing major disruption to commuters. The problem was traced to errors made by the sub-contractors. The last of the three bridges, a 600-ton truss steel structure, was put in place at New Cross Gate between 10 and 12 May 2008. Test running on the completed line began on 5 October 2009. Before the full service launch,

4161-416: The two companies had been awarded a £363 million contract to carry out the work, beating a rival consortium made up of Laing O'Rourke , AMEC Spie and Vinci . Some 2,000 jobs were planned to have been created at the peak of the contract and the contractors were obliged to hire local staff. The contract awarded bonuses to the contractors if they completed work ahead of schedule but penalised them up to £50,000

4234-428: The union denied that high levels of sickness were the cause of cancellations, while agreeing that there were an insufficient number of guards and drivers. The government Department for Transport said that the situation was unacceptable. While the company was obliged to notify the department in advance, this did not amount to giving the company permission for the changes. The RMT union general secretary Mick Cash said

4307-525: The year from April 2015 to March 2016, and there was an ongoing industrial dispute over driver-only operated trains. In late 2016, the Transport Select Committee told ministers to "get a grip" on railway franchises, with their report asking if the train operator was in breach of their contractual obligations due to the large number of cancelled trains, and went on to say, "in normal circumstances, this would be grounds for termination of

4380-408: The £10 million cost of building a new station at Surrey Canal Road and it remained unclear whether the station would be built, but provision was made for it to be built at a later date. It was suggested Millwall Football Club might contribute to the cost of the new station, which would be close to The Den football ground. Extensions of the East London line have been discussed for many years. During

4453-520: Was also proposed that the East London line and other sub-surface Underground lines would be transferred to Railtrack , the privatised company responsible for maintaining the mainline network. This would have seen the line integrated with the London suburban commuter network. However, it was soon decided that this was impractical and the Railtrack proposal was abandoned. Network Rail's South London Route Utilisation Strategy in 2008 considered changes to

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4526-585: Was brought forward to September 2009 upon the integration of the Gatwick Express service, to allow the new operator to be in place during major changes to the timetable in and around South London in December 2009. In the run-up to the bidding process for the franchise, reports emerged suggesting that Transport for London , the operator of the London Overground service, wished to take control of all overground services in South London, including

4599-527: Was closed to the national rail system in 1986. It bypasses Shoreditch station, which closed permanently in June 2006. The new line diverges before reaching Shoreditch station, traverses the former site of the Bishopsgate Goods Yard and crosses Shoreditch High Street on a bridge before running north along Kingsland Viaduct . Four new stations have been built at Shoreditch High Street , Hoxton , Haggerston and Dalston Junction . From there,

4672-619: Was completely overhauled; all of the tracks were replaced and signalling was upgraded to Network Rail standards. The ELLX Phase 2 project extended the line from Surrey Quays to the Network Rail South London Line . Trains on this route run to Clapham Junction via Queens Road Peckham , Peckham Rye , Denmark Hill , Clapham High Street and Wandsworth Road . From Wandsworth Road, instead of running to Victoria, westbound trains branch off at Factory Junction and pass through Battersea towards Clapham Junction. After

4745-411: Was costed at £100-£120 million and the extended line was envisaged to open in 1994. The extension project was proposed several times during the 1990s but was repeatedly rejected or postponed owing to a lack of government support and insufficient financing. In November 1990, Transport Secretary Cecil Parkinson rejected a proposed parliamentary bill that would have authorised the project and two years later

4818-574: Was initially described as a "metro-style (National Rail) train service". The bulk of the funding for phase one of the project was provided by the European Investment Bank , which lent TfL £450m (€660m). The bank's involvement was intended to promote the regeneration of the deprived areas of London, through which the line runs. The second phase of the project was co-funded by the Department for Transport , which provided £64 million, and TfL provided £11 million. This funding did not cover

4891-517: Was lowered into place by the UK's biggest mobile crane, weighing 1,200 tonnes. On 3 May 2008, a 1,300-tonne Warren truss bridge (GE19 bridge) spanning Great Eastern Main Line tracks out of Liverpool Street station was put into place. Although the bridge launch was successful, on 28 May the bridge dropped 200 mm onto its permanent supports as it was being jacked down. Debris fell onto the tracks, forcing

4964-477: Was part of a wider plan to increase capacity on the Brighton Main Line , involving the extension of peak-hour services from Gatwick to Brighton and Eastbourne from December 2008. This change doubled the number of London to Brighton express trains during those periods. In December 2008, Southern took over the services on the Redhill to Tonbridge Line from Southeastern . The South Central franchise end date

5037-449: Was re-awarded with a seven-and-a-half-year franchise until December 2009. In May 2003, the franchise was rebranded as Southern in a recall of the pre-nationalisation Southern Railway , using a green roundel logo with Southern in yellow in a green bar. During April 2007, the Department for Transport (DfT) announced that the Gatwick Express franchise was to be incorporated into the main South Central franchise. This reorganisation

5110-451: Was seeking to make political capital out of a project originally begun by his predecessor and political opponent Ken Livingstone . On 28 February 2011 the line was extended northwards to Highbury & Islington . Railway engineering With the advent of the railways in the early nineteenth century, a need arose for a specialized group of engineers capable of dealing with the unique problems associated with railway engineering. As

5183-485: Was thought that they would close, but on 18 August 2004 Ken Livingstone , Mayor of London , announced that both stations would remain open. Preparatory work by Taylor Woodrow began in June 2005 and continued through to the end of 2006, involving the replacement and refurbishment of 22 bridges along the Kingsland Viaduct. On 9 June 2006, Shoreditch underground station closed permanently to facilitate work on

5256-507: Was to replace all the Mark 1 slam-door stock, resulting in Southern ordering 28 three-car DC, 139 four-car DC and 15 four-car dual-voltage Class 377 Electrostars in September 2001 and March 2002 to replace the Class 421, Class 422 and Class 423s. In August 2002, Southern ordered nine two-car and six four-car Class 171 Turbostars to replace the Class 205s and Class 207s on the routes that are not fully electrified. A tenth two-car Class 171

5329-715: Was transferred from South West Trains , entering traffic in July 2007. In 2007, Southern ordered 12 four-car, dual-voltage Class 377/5 Electrostars to replace the remaining twelve Class 319s for transfer to First Capital Connect . In March 2008 Go Ahead purchased a further 11 Class 377/5s. All 23 ended up being sublet to First Capital Connect to provide extra stock for the Thameslink Programme Key Output Zero changes from March 2009. However, due to delays in their production, Class 377/2s were also sublet. To cover for this, Class 350/1s were subleased from London Midland . To provide stock for

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