79-577: East Orange is a city in Essex County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census , the city's population was 69,612, an increase of 5,342 (+8.3%) from the 2010 census count of 64,270, which in turn reflected a decline of 5,554 (−8.0%) from the 69,824 counted in the 2000 census . The city was the state's 17th most populous municipality in 2020, after having been ranked 20th in 2010 and 14th statewide in 2000. The Census Bureau 's Population Estimates Program calculated
158-406: A city. Immediately, the new city began fragmenting into smaller communities, primarily because of local disputes about the costs of establishing paid police, fire, and street departments. South Orange was organized on January 26, 1861; Fairmount (later to become part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862; East Orange on March 4, 1863; and West Orange (including Fairmount) on March 14, 1863. East Orange
237-507: A combined question and a MENA category, while also collecting additional detail to enable data disaggregation. The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data is also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require this data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data
316-488: A council elected from wards to staggered three-year terms, plus one councilman elected at-large for a term of two years. The mayor had a veto power, which could be overridden by a two-thirds vote of the council. The two acts differed in a number of ways, including the process for selection of a board of education (1897: elected; 1899: appointed by the council). By 1987, there were only eleven cities under these City Acts (including East Orange , which effectively operated under
395-460: A large Haitian American community, with 2,852 persons claiming Haitian ancestry in the 2000 Census. Although still a small percentage of total residents, Orange and East Orange have the largest concentrations of Guyanese Americans in the country. In the 2000 Census, 2.5% of East Orange residents identified as being of Guyanese ancestry. While Queens and Brooklyn had larger populations in terms of raw numbers, Orange (with 2.9%) and East Orange had
474-569: A mile east of Brick Church, which ended service in April 1991, together with the Ampere station. The city is 7.8 miles (12.6 km) from Newark Liberty International Airport in the nearby cities of Newark and Elizabeth . City (New Jersey) A city in the context of local government in New Jersey refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government. Despite
553-653: A number of neighborhoods, still with many well maintained streets and homes. The 2010 United States census counted 64,270 people, 24,945 households, and 14,742 families in the city. The population density was 16,377.1 per square mile (6,323.2/km). There were 28,803 housing units at an average density of 7,339.5 per square mile (2,833.8/km). The racial makeup was 4.13% (2,657) White , 88.51% (56,887) Black or African American , 0.39% (248) Native American , 0.72% (465) Asian , 0.06% (38) Pacific Islander , 3.69% (2,370) from other races , and 2.50% (1,605) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.93% (5,095) of
632-533: A person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino." However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights . In 1997,
711-569: A population of 69,556 for 2023, making it the 544th-most populous municipality in the nation. East Orange had its origins in Connecticut 's New Haven Colony . In 1666, a group of 30 of New Haven's families traveled by water to found "a town on the Passayak " River. They arrived on territory now encompassing Newark , the Oranges , and several other municipalities. The area was situated in
790-524: A race. Enumerators were instructed that all people born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. In prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list Mexican Americans as white, perhaps because some of them were of white background (mainly Spanish), many others mixed white and Native American and some of them Native American. The supplemental American Indian questionnaire
869-675: A separate question. The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country". The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with
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#1732776295847948-528: A special City charter). As in other forms, many amendments, revisions and changes had been made over the years, leading to confusing and often conflicting legislation. The City Act of 1987 provides for a directly elected mayor who serves a four-year term and for a council that consists of seven members; six elected from two wards for staggered three-year terms and one elected at large for a four-year term. There are three councilmen in each ward with one councilmember from each ward up for election every year. The mayor
1027-526: A total of 36,280 registered voters in East Orange, of which 21,646 (59.7%) were registered as Democrats , 396 (1.1%) were registered as Republicans and 14,228 (39.2%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There were 10 voters registered to other parties. In the 2012 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 98.5% of the vote (24,862 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1.3% (330 votes), and other candidates with 0.2% (46 votes), among
1106-1716: Is Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. ( D , Roseland ), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026. The county's Board of County Commissioners is composed of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected on an at-large basis. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November. Essex County's Commissioners are: Robert Mercado (D, District 1 – Newark 's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark, 2026), A'Dorian Murray-Thomas (D, District 2 – Irvington , Maplewood and parts of Newark's South and West Wards; Newark, 2026), Vice President Tyshammie L. Cooper (D, District 3 - Newark: West and Central Wards; East Orange , Orange and South Orange ; East Orange, 2026), Leonard M. Luciano (D, District 4 – Caldwell , Cedar Grove , Essex Fells , Fairfield , Livingston , Millburn , North Caldwell , Roseland , Verona , West Caldwell and West Orange ; West Caldwell, 2026), President Carlos M. Pomares (D, District 5 – Belleville , Bloomfield , Glen Ridge , Montclair and Nutley ; Bloomfield, 2026), Brendan W. Gill (D, at large; Montclair, 2026), Romaine Graham (D, at large; Irvington, 2026), Wayne Richardson (D, at large; Newark, 2026), Patricia Sebold (D, at-large ; Livingston, 2026). Constitutional officers elected countywide are: Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (D, West Caldwell, 2025), Register of Deeds Juan M. Rivera Jr. (D, Newark, 2025), Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (D, Fairfield, 2024), and Surrogate Alturrick Kenney (D, Newark, 2028). As of March 2011, there were
1185-534: Is from the Indian subcontinent ) were counted as White. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person's origin or descent? Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central American Other Spanish No, none of these This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East), Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again,
1264-607: Is needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions". Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act and monitoring/enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act ). Data on ethnic groups is also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of
1343-552: Is part of New Jersey's 34th state legislative district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 10th congressional district is represented by LaMonica McIver ( D , Newark ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For the 2024-2025 session , the 34th legislative district of
1422-524: Is the chief executive and votes only to break a tie. The Mayor has veto power over all or portions of any ordinance, subject to override by a two-thirds vote of the Council. The Act also provides for the delegation of executive responsibilities to a municipal administrator. Those cities operating under pre-1987 charters could retain the characteristics of their structure of government regarding terms of office, number of positions and other powers. Provisions of
1501-551: The 2000 United States census there were 69,824 people, 26,024 households, and 16,082 families residing in the city. The population density was 17,776.6 inhabitants per square mile (6,863.6/km). There were 28,485 housing units at an average density of 7,252.0 per square mile (2,800.0/km). The racial makeup of the city was 89.46% Black or African American , 3.84% White , 0.25% Native American , 0.43% Asian , 0.07% Pacific Islander , 2.14% from other races , and 3.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.70% of
1580-399: The 2004 presidential election , Democrat John Kerry received 93.2% of the vote (19,447 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 5.9% (1,225 votes) and other candidates with 0.4% (128 votes), among the 20,856 ballots cast by the city's 33,328 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 62.6. In the 2013 gubernatorial election , Democrat Barbara Buono received 88.0% of
1659-645: The Morris & Essex Lines . The East Orange station is located beside the westbound lanes of Interstate 280, directly across its parking lot from East Orange City Hall. Just one mile west up Main Street is Brick Church station , the city's second rail stop and the more heavily used of the two. Both have seven-day service to New York Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan as well as weekday service to Hoboken Terminal . The Montclair-Boonton Line runs through
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#17327762958471738-1335: The National Center for Education Statistics ) are Althea Gibson Early Childhood Academy (159 students; in grades Pre-K and K), Wahlstrom Early Childhood Center (156; Pre-K–K), Benjamin Banneker Academy (511; Pre-K–5), Edward T. Bowser, Sr. School of Excellence (609; Pre-K–5), George Washington Carver Institute of Science and Technology (325; Pre-K–5), Johnnie L. Cochran Jr. Academy (193; K–5), Mildred Barry Garvin School (356; Pre-K–5), Whitney E. Houston Academy of Creative & Performing Arts (369; Pre-K–8), Langston Hughes Elementary School (589; Pre-K–5), J. Garfield Jackson Sr. Academy (256; K–5), Ecole Touissant Louverture (297; Pre-K–5), Gordon Parks Academy School of Radio, Animation, Film and Television (285; Pre-K–5), Cicely L. Tyson Community Elementary School (504; Pre-K–5), Dionne Warwick Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship (462; Pre-K–5), Future Ready Prep (NA; 6–7), Patrick F. Healy Middle School (392; 7), John L. Costley Middle School (367; 8), Sojourner Truth Middle School (406; 6), Cicely Tyson School of Performing and Fine Arts (740; 6–12), East Orange Campus High School located on
1817-720: The New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Britnee Timberlake ( D , East Orange ) and in the General Assembly by Carmen Morales (D, Belleville ) and Michael Venezia (D, Bloomfield ). Essex County is governed by a directly elected county executive , with legislative functions performed by the Board of County Commissioners . As of 2024, the County Executive
1896-859: The Secretary of State , directed US Marshals to collect data from all 13 original states, and from the Southwest Territory . The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. Some doubt surrounded the numbers, as President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread-out population, and restraints of current technology. No microdata from
1975-476: The US Constitution and applicable laws. The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in two of the most public places within each jurisdiction, remain for the inspection of all concerned, and that "the aggregate amount of each description of persons" for every district be transmitted to the president . The US Marshals were also responsible for governing
2054-417: The "Color or Race" question was slightly modified, removing the term "Mulatto". Also, there was an inclusion of an "Indian Population Schedule" in which "enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups off of reservations." This expanded version included the question "Fraction of person's lineage that is white." The 1910 census
2133-534: The 13,295 ballots cast by the city's 36,157 registered voters, yielding a 36.8% turnout. The East Orange School District serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade . The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on
2212-532: The 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . However, the categories of "Free white males" of 16 years and upward, including heads of families under 16 years, "Free white females", including heads of families, All other free persons, and "Slaves," existed in
2291-779: The 1987 Act can then be adopted through a petition and referendum process by the electorate. There are 52 cities in New Jersey: Asian (U.S. census) In the United States census , the US Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) define a set of self-identified categories of race and ethnicity chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether they are of Hispanic or Latino origin in
2370-414: The 2000 and 2010 censuses. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the 1990 census : The 1990 census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the "other" race option and provided a multiple write-in. The response was assigned according to the race written first. "For example, a write-in of 'black-white' was assigned a code of 'black,' while
2449-413: The 25,375 ballots cast by the city's 39,668 registered voters (137 ballots were spoiled ), for a turnout of 64.0%. In the 2008 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 97.7% of the vote (24,718 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1.6% (408 votes) and other candidates with 0.1% (35 votes), among the 25,304 ballots cast by the city's 36,891 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.6%. In
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2528-472: The 564) statewide that use this traditional form of government. The government is comprised of a mayor and a city council made up of ten members, two representing each of the city's five geographic political subdivisions called wards . The mayor is elected directly by the voters. The ten members of the city council are elected to four-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward coming up for election in odd-numbered years. The City Council performs
2607-477: The Ampere neighborhood of the city on the east, after splitting off from the Morris & Essex Lines just east of the city line in Newark. Ampere station was a former stop on the line near Ampere Parkway and Springdale Avenue which opened in 1890, but closed in 1991 due to low ridership. Residents can use nearby Watsessing Avenue station in neighboring Bloomfield . Another former stop was Grove Street station ,
2686-650: The City Council selected Christopher Awe to fill the Second Ward seat expiring in December 2021 that became vacant when Romal D. Bullock resigned to become the city's tax assessor. In November 2018, Awe was elected to serve the balance of the term of office. In December 2018, Tameika Garrett-Ward was appointed to fill the Fourth Ward seat expiring in December 2021 that became vacant when Tyshammie L. Cooper
2765-461: The Essex County municipalities of Newark to the east and south, South Orange to the southwest, Orange to the west, and Glen Ridge and Bloomfield to the north. Unincorporated communities , localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Ampere and Brick Church. East Orange is officially divided into five wards, but is also unofficially divided into
2844-467: The OMB built on the 1997 guidelines and suggested the addition of a Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) racial category and considered combining racial and ethnic categories into one question. In March 2024, the Office of Management and Budget published revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included
2923-405: The OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. The OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the federal government ". The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws. Among
3002-574: The UEZ, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6 + 5 ⁄ 8 % rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in June 1996, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in June 2027. The main commercial avenues of the city are Central Avenue and Main Street, both of which flow east to west, the latter of which was disturbed by the construction of Interstate 280 . Recent efforts have been made to revitalize
3081-402: The average family size was 3.37. In the city the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.7 males. The median income for a household in the city
3160-418: The census form. In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed with five cohorts and included All other free persons, except "Indians not taxed", and "Slaves". The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about slaves. Also the term "colored" entered the census nomenclature. In addition, a question stating "Number of foreigners not naturalized"
3239-418: The census. About one-third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation. The data was lost in 1790–1830, and included data from Connecticut , Delaware , Georgia , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Carolina , Vermont , and Virginia . However, the census was proven factual and
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3318-483: The changes, The OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of mixed-race children and wanting to record diversity in a measurable way after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge theirs and their children's full ancestry, rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the census and other government data collections asked people to report singular races. As of 2023,
3397-533: The city west-to-east, following Central Avenue and South Orange Avenue, respectively. County Route 509 also crosses East Orange, following a south-to-north alignment through the city via Grove Street. Local transportation around the city and into neighboring communities is provided by multiple NJ Transit public bus lines, which includes routes 5 , 21 , 24 , 34 , 41 , 44 , 71 , 73 , 79 , 90 , 92 , 94 , and 97 . New Jersey Transit operates two commuter rail train stations in East Orange, both located along
3476-536: The city's largest, offer athletic fields and facilities. Paul Robeson Stadium, located on North Clinton Street, hosts local sports teams and typically, the city's annual Fourth of July fireworks celebration. The city owns East Orange Golf Course, located 10 miles (16 km) away in Short Hills . East Orange is governed under the City form of New Jersey municipal government. The city is one of 15 municipalities (of
3555-411: The city, connecting Newark in the south to Bloomfield in the north. The Parkway is accessible at Interchange 145 for Interstate 280 and at Interchange 147 for Springdale Avenue. Interstate 280 is the other major highway crossing the city, following a west-to-east route from Orange to Newark. Major county highways serving the city include County Route 508 and County Route 510 . These both traverse
3634-570: The city. The 211 bed hospital is the only independent, fully accredited, acute care hospital in Essex County. The hospital was recently acquired by Prospect Medical Systems and renamed to CareWell Health Medical Center in 2022. East Orange is also home to the US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, also known as the East Orange VA Hospital . It is located on Tremont Avenue near S.Orange Ave. and serves many vets from
3713-454: The commercial area, especially along Main Street and Evergreen Place. New apartments buildings & commercial space have been proposed and built over the last decade. Along South Harrison Street, new apartment buildings have gone up, while existing ones have been updated. East Orange is served by five parks: Columbian Park, Elmwood Park, Francis-Haire Park, Memorial Park and Rowley Park. Sports grounds, such as Oval Playground and Soverel Field,
3792-657: The decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. The 1940 census
3871-536: The design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished among different Asian ethnic groups, such as Japanese and Chinese , due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", " Quadroon ", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or " Indian ". During 1900,
3950-456: The existence of most of this data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves . Thomas Jefferson , then
4029-589: The former campus of Upsala College (1,651; 9–12), East Orange STEM Academy (358; 9–12) and Fresh Start Academy Middle / High – Glenwood Campus (NA; 6–12). East Orange Community Charter School is a public charter school that operates independently of the school district under a charter granted by the New Jersey Department of Education . Ahlus Sunnah School is a K–12 madrasah that has been in East Orange since 2005. The East Orange Public Library at one time included three branch buildings of
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#17327762958474108-487: The free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person were white, marked "B" if a person were black, and marked "M" if a person were mulatto . Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave were black and an "M" if mulatto. For 1890, the Census Office changed
4187-508: The highest percentage of people of Guyanese ancestry of all places in the United States with at least 1,000 people identifying their ancestry. Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. East Orange was selected in 1996 as one of a group of seven zones added to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within
4266-813: The legislative functions of municipal government by enacting ordinances, resolutions or motions, and is responsible for review and adoption of the municipal budget that has been submitted by the mayor. As of 2023, the Mayor of East Orange is Democrat Theodore R. "Ted" Green, whose term of office ends December 31, 2025. Members of the City Council are Christopher Awe (D, 2025; 2nd Ward), Mustafa Al-M. Brent (D, 2023; 5th Ward), Brittany D. Claybrooks (D, 2023; 2nd Ward), Tameika Garrett-Ward (D, 2025; 4th Ward), Casim L. Gomez (D, 2023; 4th Ward), Alicia Holman (D, 2025; 5th Ward), Christopher D. James (D, 2025; 1st Ward), Bergson Leneus (D, 2025; 3rd Ward), Amy Lewis (D, 2023; 1st Ward) and Vernon Pullins Jr. (D, 2023; 3rd Ward). In July 2018,
4345-482: The northeast portion of a land grant conveyed by King Charles II of England to his brother James, Duke of York. In 1664, James conveyed the land to two proprietors, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret . Since Carteret had been Royal Governor of the Isle of Jersey , the territory became known as New Jersey. East Orange was initially a part of Newark and was originally known as Newark Mountains. On June 7, 1780,
4424-412: The original 36 Carnegie-funded libraries in New Jersey ; the original building opened in 1903 with costs covered by a gift of $ 50,000 (equivalent to $ 1.7 million in 2023) from Andrew Carnegie . It has a collection of 344,000 volumes and circulates about 319,000 items annually from four locations. East Orange is served by East Orange General Hospital, located on Central Avenue in the southern part of
4503-432: The population were under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 81.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 75.4 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income
4582-618: The population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Service Act ; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act ). The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of
4661-418: The population. Of the 24,945 households, 29.0% had children under the age of 18; 23.3% were married couples living together; 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present and 40.9% were non-families. Of all households, 35.8% were made up of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.33. 25.7% of
4740-408: The population. There were 26,024 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.0% were married couples living together, 28.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and
4819-451: The race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro", no matter the fraction of that lineage (the " one-drop rule "). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless they were considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry
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#17327762958474898-511: The racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices. The 1960 census re-added the word "color" to the racial question, and changed "Indian" to "American Indian", as well as adding Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The "Other (print out race)" option was removed. This year's census included "Negro or Black", re-added Korean and the Other race option. East Indians (the term used at that time for people whose ancestry
4977-522: The region. As of May 2010, the city had a total of 83.43 miles (134.27 km) of roadways, of which 73.27 miles (117.92 km) were maintained by the municipality, 6.30 miles (10.14 km) by Essex County, 1.52 miles (2.45 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 2.34 miles (3.77 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . The Garden State Parkway is the most prominent highway passing through
5056-541: The requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority . As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 20 schools, had an enrollment of 10,072 students and 744.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.5:1. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from
5135-427: The term "color" was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent? No, not Spanish/Hispanic Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano Yes, Puerto Rican Yes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic The racial categories in this year are as they appear in
5214-420: The townspeople of Newark Mountains officially voted to adopt the name Orange. At the time, there was a significant number of people in favor of secession from Newark. However, this would not occur until November 27, 1806, when the territory now encompassing all of the Oranges was finally detached. On April 13, 1807, the first government was elected, but not until March 13, 1860, was Orange officially incorporated as
5293-517: The vote (9,413 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 11.3% (1,212 votes), and other candidates with 0.7% (75 votes), among the 11,269 ballots cast by the city's 41,016 registered voters (569 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 27.5%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Democrat Jon Corzine received 94.4% of the vote (12,554 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2.9% (380 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 1.2% (153 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (63 votes), among
5372-422: The widely held perception of a city as a large, urban area , cities in New Jersey have a confused history as a form of government and vary in size from large, densely populated areas to much smaller hamlets . The 1897 and 1899 city charter laws applied only to areas with a population under 12,000, and provided for a directly elected mayor, who served a two-year term and had strong executive powers. Both featured
5451-461: Was $ 32,346, and the median income for a family was $ 38,562. Males had a median income of $ 31,905 versus $ 30,268 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,488. About 15.9% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.7% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those ages 65 or over. As part of the 2000 Census, 89.46% of East Orange's residents identified themselves as being Black or African American . This
5530-421: Was $ 40,358 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 1,873) and the median family income was $ 50,995 (+/− $ 2,877). Males had a median income of $ 38,642 (+/− $ 1,851) versus $ 39,843 (+/− $ 2,187) for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,298 (+/− $ 746). About 17.8% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.5% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over. As of
5609-443: Was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry. President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a Good Neighbor policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent
5688-423: Was included. In the 1830 census, a new question, which stated, "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included. The 1850 census had a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. Two questionnaires were used - one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on
5767-414: Was one of the highest percentages of African American and Caribbean American people in the United States. Migrants from Jamaica , Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , Haiti and other smaller Caribbean Islands have a huge presence, and East Orange has the second-highest in New Jersey (behind Lawnside , at 93.6%) of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying Black American ancestry. East Orange also has
5846-439: Was reincorporated as a city on December 9, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier. East Orange was known, at one time, for the shade trees that lined the city's residential streets. This is still evident today as many of the tall trees still stand. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the city had a total area of 3.93 square miles (10.17 km), all of which was land. East Orange shares borders with
5925-421: Was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. "Hin", "Kor", and "Fil" were also added to the "Color or Race" question, signifying Hindu (Asian Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively. The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting
6004-538: Was similar to that of 1900, but it included a reinsertion of "Mulatto" and a question about the "mother tongue" of foreign-born individuals and individuals with foreign-born parents. "Ot" was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual's proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage. The 1920 census questionnaire
6083-467: Was sworn into office on the Essex County Board of Chosen Freeholders ; she was elected to serve the balance of the term in November 2019. The first African-American Mayor of East Orange was William S. Hart Sr., who was elected to two consecutive terms, serving in office from 1970 to 1978. Hart Middle School was named after him. East Orange is located in the 10th Congressional District and
6162-415: Was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the white population. 1940 census data was used for Japanese American internment . The Census Bureau's role was denied for decades, but was finally proven in 2007. The 1950 census questionnaire removed the word "color" from
6241-410: Was to be recorded as American Indian, unless their Indigenous ancestry was small, and they were accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, they were to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as
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