Misplaced Pages

#66933

54-556: The city is a commercial centre for woven textiles, silks, carpets and agricultural products and has a growing tourism industry. It is the seat of Edirne Province and Edirne District . Its population is 180,002 (2022). The town is famous in Turkey for the Edirne Fried Liver. Ciğer tava ( breaded and deep-fried liver ) is often served with a side of cacık , a dish of diluted strained yogurt with chopped cucumber. In

108-559: A Muslim in Edirne , he was a capable soldier and was married to a daughter of Zaganos Pasha . After distinguishing himself at the Siege of Belgrade in 1456, he was raised to the position of Grand Vizier as a reward, succeeding his father-in-law Zaganos Pasha. Throughout his tenure, he led armies or accompanied Mehmed II on his own campaigns. After the Ottoman conquest of Thessaly in 1394,

162-611: A church ( Minor Conventuals ), a school for boys (Assumptionists) and a school for girls (Oblates of the Assumption). Each of its mission stations, at Tekirdağ and Alexandroupoli , had a school (Minor Conventuals), and there was one at Gallipoli (the Assumptionists). Around 1850, from the standpoint of the Eastern Catholic Churches , Adrianople was the residence of a Bulgarian vicar-apostolic for

216-514: A collective regency, but he was soon deposed by the anti-Ottoman and pro-Hungarian faction in the Serbian court. In reaction, Mahmud attacked and seized Smederevo Fortress , although the citadel held out, and seized some additional strongholds in its vicinity. Threatened by a possible Hungarian intervention however he was forced to withdraw south and join the forces of Sultan Mehmed II at Skopje . In 1461, he accompanied Mehmed in his campaign against

270-558: A museum to the history of Islamic medicine. Edirne Palace ( Ottoman Turkish : Saray-ı Cedid-i Amire for "New Imperial Palace") in the Sarayiçi quarter, was built in the reign of Murad II (r. 1421–1444) but was destroyed in 1877, during the Russo-Turkish War. The palace gate and kitchen have since been restored. The Kasr-ı Adalet ("Justice Castle"), originally built as part of the palace complex, stands intact next to

324-540: Is also the centre of a Bulgarian diocese but this is not recognised and has been deprived of a bishop. The city also had some Protestants. The few, mainly foreign Latin Catholics were dependent on the vicariate-apostolic of Constantinople. Adrianople also contained the parish of St. Anthony of Padua (Minors Conventual) and a school for girls conducted by the Sisters of Charity of Agram . The suburb of Karaağaç contained

378-500: Is bordered by Tekirdağ Province and Kırklareli Province to the east, and the Gallipoli peninsula of Çanakkale Province to the south-east. It shares international borders with Bulgaria ( Haskovo and Yambol Provinces ) to the north and Greece ( Eastern Macedonia and Thrace ) to the west. Edirne is the capital of the province, and the largest city. It is the only province of Turkey that borders Greece. Edirne , capital of

432-652: Is disputed). The city became "Edirne" in Turkish, reflecting the Turkish pronunciation and Murad moved the Ottoman capital here from Bursa . Mehmed the Conqueror (Sultan Mehmed II) was born in Adrianople, where he came under the influence of Hurufis dismissed by Taşköprüzade in the Şakaiki Numaniye as ' certain accursed ones of no significance ', who were burnt as heretics by Mahmud Pasha . The city remained

486-540: Is divided into 9 districts (capital district in bold ): 41°07′12″N 26°31′14″E  /  41.12000°N 26.52056°E  / 41.12000; 26.52056 This geographical article about a location in Edirne Province , Turkey is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mahmud Pasha Angelovi%C4%87 Mahmud Pasha Angelović ( Serbian : Махмуд-паша Анђеловић/Mahmud-paša Anđelović ; Turkish : Veli Mahmud Paşa ; 1420–1474)

540-528: Is evidence of a scriptorium in the Ottoman's Edirne palace during this period. Uzunköprü Bridge , the world's longest medieval stone bridge, connects Anatolia with the Balkans on the Ergene River and was erected between 1426 and 1443 by the primary architect, Müslihiddin , during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Murat II . That Adrianople/Edirne continued to hold an important place in Ottoman hearts

594-507: Is famed for its many mosques, medreses and other Ottoman monuments. The Selimiye Mosque , built in 1575 and designed by Turkey's greatest architect, Mimar Sinan (c. 1489/1490–1588), is the most important monument in the city and became a UNESCO world heritage site in 2011. It used to have the highest minarets in Turkey, at 70.90 m (232.6 ft) before the completion of the Çamlıca Mosque in 2019 which features minarets standing at 107.1 m (351 ft) tall. Sinan himself believed

SECTION 10

#1732765444067

648-523: Is located close to the ruins of the Edirne Palace, with an Unknown Soldier monument featuring an Ottoman soldier in front of its entrance. The Meriç and Tunca rivers, which flow around west and south of the city, are crossed by elegant arched bridges dating back to early Ottoman times. The historic Karaağaç railway station has been restored to house Trakya University 's Faculty of Fine Arts. The Treaty of Lausanne Monument and Museum are in

702-720: Is reflected in the fact that Sultan Mehmed IV left the Topkapı Palace in Constantinople to die here in 1693. The wife of the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu , spent six weeks in Edirne (then Adrianople) in the spring of 1717 and left an account of her experiences there in her The Turkish Embassy Letters . Wearing Turkish dress, Montagu witnessed the passage of Sultan Ahmed III to

756-516: Is the place to come to buy miniature versions of the handmade brooms with mirrors set into them that used to play a part in marriage ceremonies as well as to buy soap in the shape of fruits. Of the original Roman Hadrianopolis only slight remains of the fortifications survive near the so-called Macedonian Tower, itself probably a part of the defences although much patched-up and altered over the ensuing centuries. Edirne Museum (Edirne Müzesi) contains collections of local archaeology and ethnography. In

810-672: The Battle of Adrianople in 1205. In 1206 the Latin regime gave Adrianople and the surrounding area to the Byzantine aristocrat Theodore Branas as a hereditary fief. Theodore Komnenos , Despot of Epirus , took possession of it in 1227, but three years later was defeated at Klokotnitsa by Emperor Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria . In 1362, the Ottomans under Sultan Murad I invaded Thrace and Murad captured Adrianople , probably in 1369 (the date

864-630: The Empire of Trebizond , the last surviving fragment of the Byzantine Empire . Mahmud negotiated the surrender of the city of Trebizond with the protovestiarios , the scholar George Amiroutzes , who was also his cousin. In 1463, Mahmud led the invasion and conquest of the Kingdom of Bosnia , even though a peace treaty between Bosnia and the Ottomans had just been renewed. He captured

918-550: The Second Inspectorate General , in which an Inspector General governed the provinces of Edirne , Çanakkale , Tekirdaĝ and Kırklareli . The Inspectorate Generals governmental posts were abandoned in 1948, but the legal framework for them was only abolished in 1952 during the government of the Democrat Party . Adrianople was made the seat of a Greek metropolitan and of an Armenian bishop. It

972-461: The 4,600 Eastern Catholics of the Ottoman vilayet (province) of Thrace and after 1878 - of the principality of Bulgaria . They had eighteen parishes or missions, six of which were in the principality, with twenty churches or chapels, thirty-one priests, of whom six were Assumptionists and six were Resurrectionists; and eleven schools with 670 pupils. In Adrianople itself there were only a few United Bulgarians, with an Episcopal church of St. Elias, and

1026-511: The Bosnian king, Stephen Tomašević , at Ključ , and obtained from him the cession of the country to the Empire. Angelović accompanied Mehmed II when he attacked Albania Veneta in the summer of 1467, and ravaged the lands. For 15 days he pursued Skanderbeg , who was a Venetian ally at the time, but failed to find him, as Skanderbeg retreated into the mountains and then succeeded in fleeing to

1080-533: The Eski Cami ( Old Mosque ) in1403 but was not completed until 1422. It was designed in what is usually thought of as the Bursa style. Even finer is the Üç Şerefli Mosque (Three-Balconied Mosque) which was built between 1437 and 1447 for Sultan Murad II. It was the largest mosque built in the Ottoman provinces before the conquest of Constantinople . Both these mosques are in the centre of Edirne. Further away from

1134-623: The Inspectorate-General was abandoned in 1948 but the legal framework of the Inspectorate-Generals was only abolished in 1952, under the Government of the Democrat Party . Until the reign of Selim I , there were remnant populations of so-called Tengri Turks in the province of Edirne who adhered to the ancient beliefs of Tengrism . It is assumed that it was a group of nomadic Yörüks . Edirne province

SECTION 20

#1732765444067

1188-524: The Ottoman court. It is assumed that this took place in 1427, when the Ottomans attacked Serbia. Furthermore, it is unconcluded whether he was captured according to the devşirme (practice, the regular practice of taking children certain noble families whose Ottomans have taken lands and making these children high rankings officials) or as a prisoner of war . Taşköprüzade (d. 1560) and Aşık Çelebi (1520–1572) name two other boys led with Angelović on horseback to Edirne, Molla Iyas and Mevlana Abdülkerim ,

1242-592: The Ottoman period and was bound to, successively, the Rumeli Eyalet and Silistre Eyalet before becoming a provincial capital of the Eyalet of Edirne at the beginning of the 19th century; until 1878, the Eyalet of Adrianople comprised the sanjaks of Edirne, Tekfurdağı , Gelibolu , Filibe , and İslimye . After land reforms in 1867, the Eyalet of Adrianople became the Vilayet of Adrianople . Adrianople/Edirne

1296-406: The centre, the complex of Sultan Beyazid II , built between 184 and 1488, and has a lovely semi-rural location. It is the most complete surviving mosque complex in Edirne, consisting of an imaret (soup kitchen), darüşşifa (hospital), timarhane (asylum), hospice, tıp medrese (medical school), tabhane (accommodation for dervishes) bakery and assorted depots. Some parts of the complex now house

1350-795: The churches of St. Demetrius and Sts. Cyril and Methodius. The last is served by the Resurrectionists , who also have a college with ninety pupils. In the suburb of Karaağaç, the Assumptionists have a parish and a seminary with fifty pupils. Besides the Eastern Catholic Bulgarians, the above statistics included the Greek Catholic missions of Malgara (now Malkara) and Daoudili (now Davuteli village in Malkara), with four priests and 200 faithful, because from

1404-651: The city was deported to Syria and Mesopotamia during the Armenian genocide on 27–28 October 1915 and 17–18 February 1916. Their property and businesses were sold at low prices to Turkish Muslims. During the Greek War of Independence , the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) and the Balkan Wars (1912–1913), Balkan-Muslims fled to Edirne and became known as Muhacir . Adrianople was a sanjak centre during

1458-489: The city's economy. https://www.academia.edu/23674853/Edirne_Ta%C5%9F_K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCleri_Edirne_Stone_Bridges Edirne Province Edirne Province ( Turkish : Edirne ili ) is a Turkish province located in East Thrace . Part of European Turkey , it is one of only three provinces located entirely within continental Europe . Its area is 6,145 km , and its population is 414,714 (2022). Edirne Province

1512-655: The city. Edirne has three historic covered bazaars : the Kavaflar Arastası (Cobblers Arcade), next to the Selimiye Mosque and constructed to bring in an income to support the külliye ; the Bedesten next to the Eski Cami which was supported by the income from the shops; and the Semiz Ali Paşa Çarşısı (Ali Pasha Bazaar, AKA Kapalı Çarşı), another work of Sinan dating back to 1568. The Kavaflar Arastası

1566-617: The civil point of view belonged to the Bulgarian Vicariate . Later however, the Roman Catholic diocese was discontinued, and exists only in name as a titular metropolitan archbishopric , under the full name Hadrianopolis in Haemimonto to distinguish it from several other titular sees named Hadrianopolis. In 2018, archaeologists discovered remains of a Byzantine church. The church was built around 500 AD and it

1620-472: The coast. According to Tursun Beg and Ibn Kemal , Angelović swam over Bojana , attacked Venetian-controlled Scutari , and plundered the surrounding area. Mahmud was dismissed in 1468 due to the machinations of his successor, Rum Mehmed Pasha , ostensibly due to irregularities regarding the resettlement of the Karamanids in Constantinople following the conquest of Karaman earlier in that year. He

1674-737: The days of the Roman Empire . The vagaries of the border region between Asia and Europe gave rise to Edirne's claim to be the most frequently contested spot on earth. The city was reestablished by the Roman Emperor Hadrian on the site of Orestias (named after its mythological founder Orestes ), which was itself built on a previous Thracian settlement known as Uskadama , Uskudama , Uskodama or Uscudama . Hadrian developed it, adorned it with monuments, and changed its name to Hadrianopolis (which would later be pronounced Adrianopolis and Anglicised as Adrianople ). Licinius

Edirne - Misplaced Pages Continue

1728-484: The dome to be higher than that of Hagia Sophia , the former Byzantine Orthodox Cathedral in Istanbul , but modern measuring methods seem to suggest otherwise. Named after Sultan Selim II (r. 1566–1574) who commissioned it but did not live to see its completion, the mosque is decorated with Turkish marble and magnificent İznik tiles. It is the centre of a considerable complex of contemporary buildings. Work started on

1782-533: The future sultan. Sources do not agree on which posts he held at the palace. Mahmud Pasha was a capable soldier. After distinguishing himself at the siege of Belgrade (1456) , he was raised to the position of Grand Vizier as a reward, succeeding Zaganos Pasha . Throughout his tenure he led armies or accompanied Mehmed II on his own campaigns. In 1458, the Serbian Despot Lazar Branković died. Mahmud's brother Mihailo became member of

1836-689: The government was willing to give up the city created a scandal for the Ottoman government in Constantinople (as Adrianople was a former capital of the Empire), leading to the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état led by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) under Enver Pasha . Although it was victorious in the coup, the CUP was unable to stop the Bulgarians from capturing the city after fighting resumed in

1890-596: The grounds outside can be seen an example of the sort of dolmen to be seen at nearby Lalapaşa. In the town centre stand the Rüstem Pasha (1560–61) and Ekmekcioğlu Ahmed Pasha caravanserais , designed to accommodate travellers - in the case of the Rüstem Pasha by Mimar Sinan - in the 16th century. The Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai now serves as the Kervansaray Hotel. The Balkan Wars Memorial Cemetery

1944-456: The latter which reached the rank of kadıasker (chief judge) and şeyhülislam (Islamic scholar). Upon conversion to Islam, he received the name Mahmud. Little is known about his activities before 1453. According to T. Stavrides, Angelović and his companions were educated in the palace, probably as içoğlan , and Mahmud then entered service in the Enderûn , later serving prince Mehmed ,

1998-558: The local elections on March 31, 2024, lawyer Filiz Gencan Akin was elected as the new mayor of the city of Edirne, succeeding Recep Gürkan , who had been mayor for 10 years and did not stand for re-election. The city was founded and named after the Roman emperor Hadrian as Hadrianopolis ( Adrianople in English, / ˌ eɪ d r i ə ˈ n oʊ p əl / ; Ἁδριανούπολις in Greek ) on

2052-538: The mosque, visited the young wife-to-be of his vizier, Damad Ibrahim Pasha and was shown around the Selimiye Mosque. Adrianople was briefly occupied by imperial Russian troops in 1829 during the Greek War of Independence and in 1878 during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 . The city suffered a fire in 1905. At that time it had about 80,000 inhabitants, of whom 30,000 were Turks; 22,000 Greeks; 10,000 Bulgarians; 4,000 Armenians; 12,000 Jews; and 2,000 more citizens of unclassified ethnic/religious backgrounds. Adrianople

2106-493: The province, is notable for serving as the third capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1363 to 1453. Edirne province was included in the Second Inspectorate General which was created on the 19 February 1934 and extended over the provinces of Edirne, Çanakkale , Kırklareli , Tekirdağ . It was ruled by an Inspector General , who had wide-ranging authorities over civilian, military and educational matters. The office of

2160-635: The ruling Angeloi Philanthropenoi family took refuge. The grandchildren of either Alexios or Manuel were Mahmud Pasha and his brother Mihailo Anđelović . It is estimated that Angelović was born in the early 1420s. Most historians accept that Angelović was born in Novo Brdo in the Serbian Despotate , and that his father Mihailos was the son of either Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos or his son/nephew/brother Manuel , rulers of Thessaly . T. Stavrides views it more probable that Manuel

2214-459: The seat of Ottoman power until 1453, when Mehmed II took Constantinople (present-day Istanbul ) and moved the capital there. The importance of Edirne to the early Ottomans explains the plethora of early Ottoman mosques , medreses and other monuments that have survived until today although the Eski Sarayı (Old Palace) was largely destroyed, leaving only relatively slight remains. Also, there

Edirne - Misplaced Pages Continue

2268-499: The site of the Greek city of Orestias , which was itself founded on an earlier Thracian settlement named Uskudama. The Ottoman name Edrine (ادرنه) is derived from the Greek name. The name Adrianople was used in English until the Turkish adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1928, after which Edirne became the internationally recognised name. The area around Edirne has been the site of numerous major battles and sieges starting from

2322-573: The small Fatih Bridge over the Tunca river. The splendid appearance of the palace in the late 1460s when it glistened with gold, silver and marble was described by Kritovoulos of İmbros in his History of Mehmed the Conqueror. Dating back to 1909, the Grand Synagogue of Edirne was restored and re-opened in March 2015. A Roman Catholic and two Bulgarian Orthodox churches are also to be found in

2376-603: The spring. Despite relentless pressure from the Great Powers, the Ottoman empire never officially ceded the city to Bulgaria. Edirne was swiftly reconquered by the Ottomans during the Second Balkan War under the leadership of Enver Pasha (who proclaimed himself the "second conqueror of Adrianople" after Murad I ) following the collapse of the Bulgarian army in the region. The entire Armenian population of

2430-505: The surrounding park. The Kırkpınar oil-wrestling tournament is held every year in late June or early July. Kakava , an international festival celebrated by the Romani people in Turkey is held on 5–6 May each year. Bocuk Gecesi is a festival of Balkan origin celebrated in mid-January on what is expected to be the coldest day of the year. It is a sort of Turkish take on Halloween. Edirne's economy largely depends on agriculture. 73% of

2484-510: The working population work in agriculture, fishing, forests and hunting. The lowlands are productive. Corn, sugar beets and sunflowers are the leading crops. Melons, watermelons, rice, tomatoes, eggplants and viniculture are important. The through highway that connects Europe to Istanbul , Anatolia and the Middle East passes through Edirne. Industry is developing. Agriculture-based industries (agro-industries) are especially important for

2538-767: Was defeated here by Constantine I in 324, and Emperor Valens was killed by the Goths here during the Battle of Adrianople in 378. In 813, the city was temporarily seized by Khan Krum of Bulgaria who moved its inhabitants to the Bulgarian lands north of the Danube . During the period of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, the Crusaders were defeated by the Bulgarian Emperor Kaloyan at

2592-424: Was "born to a Greek or Serbian family". Dejan Djokić stated that Angelović was born "to a Serb mother and a Greek refugee father – no less than son of the last Angeloi ruler of Thessaly who had emigrated to Serbia in the late fourteenth century". Chalkokondyles mentions that Angelović was captured by Ottoman horsemen while travelling with his mother from Novo Brdo to Smederevo (the Serbian capital), and taken to

2646-401: Was a vital fortress defending Constantinople and Eastern Thrace during the Balkan Wars of 1912–13. It was briefly occupied by the Bulgarians in 1913, following the Siege of Adrianople . The Great Powers – Britain, Italy, France and Russia – attempted to coerce the Ottoman Empire into ceding Adrianople to Bulgaria during the temporary winter truce of the First Balkan War . The belief that

2700-542: Was an early Byzantine period building. Edirne has a borderline humid subtropical ( Cfa ) and hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) in the Köppen climate classification , and a temperate oceanic climate ( Do ) in the Trewartha climate classification . Edirne has hot, moderately dry summers and chilly, wet and often snowy winters. Highest recorded temperature:44.1 °C (111.4 °F) on 25 July 2007 Lowest recorded temperature:−19.5 °C (−3.1 °F) on 14 January 1954 Edirne consists of 24 quarters: Edirne

2754-402: Was ceded to Greece by the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920, but recaptured and annexed by Turkey after the Greek defeat at the end of the Greco-Turkish War , also known as the Western Front of the larger Turkish War of Independence , in 1922. Under the Greek administration, Edirne (officially known as Adrianople) was the capital of the Adrianople Prefecture . From 1934 onwards Edirne was the seat of

SECTION 50

#1732765444067

2808-439: Was his grandfather. The only information on his father is that he lived in Serbia in the 1420s. His mother's ancestry is the matter of debate. Chalkokondyles (1430–1470) called her Serbian, Kritoboulos (1410–1470), Greek, while there are various theories on her noble ancestry. Angelović had a brother, Mihailo Anđelović , later a prominent Serbian statesman, after the Turkish conquest. According to Tahsin Yazıcı , Angelović

2862-719: Was reinstated in 1472, but his relations with the Sultan were now strained. Mahmud was fired and executed in 1474. The cause was the suspicion that he was involved in the sudden death of Şehzade Mustafa , the favorite son of Sultan Mehmed II. It was said that Şehzade Mustafa had an affair with Mahmud's wife, Selçuk Hatun (sister of Hatice Hatun, the youngest consort of Mehmed II), and that Mahmud poisoned him for it. Mahmud denied it but, even without proof, Mehmed II still decided to execute him. Mahmud Pasha wrote works in Persian and Turkish with "Adni" as his pen name . The divan he composed includes 45 ghazals and 21 mofrads in Persian, as well as "some rather successful naziras on

2916-417: Was the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1456 to 1466 and from 1472 to 1474. He also wrote Persian and Turkish poems under the pseudonym Adni (the "Eden-like"). Born in the Serbian Despotate, he was a descendant of the Byzantine Angelos family that had left Thessaly in 1394. According to biographers, he was conscripted as a child by the Ottomans employing the devşirme system. Raised as

#66933