Misplaced Pages

#997002

42-608: The main activities of the Group are the distribution and supply of electricity to final customers. The company was established in 1998 as a division of CONEL ( Compania Națională de Electricitate ), the largest electric power distribution company in the country at that time, but became a stand-alone company in 2000 when CONEL was restructured. The story of Electrica begins in 1921, when the "Societatea Română pentru Întreprinderi Electrice Industriale”, founded in 1898, becomes “S.C. ELECTRICA S.A. – Societate Anonimă Română". In 1990, after

84-528: A Comfort Letter whereby it stipulated that the project can be authorized; In September 2012, the Feasibility Study of the project was finished, revealing the fact that the project is technically and economically feasible; On 25 September 2013, the Resolution on the issuance of the environment approval for project "Continuing the works for building and completing Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă"

126-433: A field is a set of technical and organizational measures designed to: - Ensure the operation of nuclear installations under safety conditions; - To prevent and limit their damage; - To ensure the protection of the personnel, the population and the environment against radiation or radioactive contamination The nuclear security philosophy of CANDU 6 nuclear power stations is based on these considerations. This philosophy

168-457: A partially owned subsidiary of Nuclearelectrica set up in 2009 to determine the future of Cernavodă units 3 and 4, to finish construction of those reactors was finally signed in late 2021. The nuclear fuel plant Pitești FCN manufactures nuclear fuel bundles of type CANDU 6 that are necessary for the operation and production of electricity in Units 1 and 2 at Cernavodă, and in the future by doubling

210-806: A reference, and from the National Integrated Plan in the Field of Energy and Climate Change, as nuclear energy represents a pillar of decarbonization and ensuring the energy independence of Romania. Also, SNN is implementing the project of refurbishing Unit 1, a project which involves the extension of the lifecycle of the unit by another 30 years, under the same nuclear safety conditions. Units 1 and 2 of CNE Cernavodă use CANDU technology. CNE Cernavodă Units 1-5 The CANDU reactor consumes natural uranium, using heavy nuclear water (isotopic content over 99.75% D 2 O) as moderator and cooling agent, in two independent, separate, closed-circuit systems. In

252-489: Is a partially state-owned Romanian nuclear energy company incorporated in 1998 by the reorganization of RENEL. The company is under the authority of the Ministry of Energy , and the state has 82.49% of the shares and other shareholders - 17.50% after listing the company at the stock exchange in 2013. The field of activity of Nuclearelectrica is the manufacture of electricity, thermal energy and nuclear fuel. Nuclearelectrica

294-458: Is based on three fundamental principles, namely: Alba County Alba County ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈalba] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania located in the historic region of Transylvania . Its capital is Alba Iulia , a city with a population of 63,536. "Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the city of Alba Iulia. In Hungarian ,

336-444: Is carried out through the three energy distribution companies: "SDEE Transilvania Nord", "SDEE Transilvania Sud", "SDEE Muntenia Nord". Also, the Group provides electricity to more than 3.5 million customers through the trading company "Electrica Furnizare" SA. The supply activity covers 18.69% (2019) of Romania's energy needs. Electrica also has control over the services and maintenance company Electrica Serv. Electrica Serv operates in

378-438: Is contemplated by the all scenarios of "Romania’s Energy Strategy until 2030, with the perspective of 2050", as well as in the "National Integrated Plan in the field of Energy and Climate Change (PNIESC) 2021-2030". Unit 3 has to be operational by 2030, and Unit 4 soon after 2030. At CNE Cernavodă nuclear safety is priority 1. There were no incidents or events that would affect nuclear safety at CNE Cernavoda. Nuclear security as

420-450: Is located near Mioveni , approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Pitești . CANDU fuel is easier to produce than that of many other reactor types as the improved neutron economy of the heavy water moderator allows the use of natural uranium without enrichment . Unlike uranium enrichment plants, a CANDU fuel plant does not produce depleted uranium as waste. The production of CANDU nuclear fuel started in 1980, by starting up

462-791: Is the Transylvanian Plateau with deep but wide valleys. The three main elements are separated by the Mureș River valley. The main rivers are the Mureș River and its tributaries, the Târnava , the Sebeș , and the Arieș . The predominant industries in the county are: The mineral resources exploited in Alba county are metals (gold, silver, copper), salt, and construction materials, including marble and granite. The main tourist attractions in

SECTION 10

#1732801477998

504-679: Is the only producer of nuclear energy in Romania. The company has two branches: SNN also has 100% of the shares of project company Energonuclear, incorporated in order to implement the project for Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă. The Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant was designed with an initial profile of five reactors with Canadian technology, of CANDU type, with installed power of approximately 700 MW each. Until now (December 2020), 2 units have been built. Unit 1, which became commercially operational in 1996, and Unit 2, which became commercially operational in 2007, collectively ensure approximately 18% of

546-508: The "Strategy for the continuation of the Units 3 and 4 Project from Cernavodă NPP by organizing an investor selection procedure" (2014) and of the "Revised strategy for the continuation of the Units 3 and 4 Project from Cernavodă NPP by organizing an investor selection procedure" (2018). 2.     Authorizing the SNN Board of Directors to initiate the procedures/steps/actions regarding the termination of negotiations with CGN, as well as

588-416: The 4 steam generators, the heat in the primary circuit is taken over by the light water from the secondary circuit, by turning it into saturated steam. It expands in the turbine formed from a medium pressure body and 3 low pressure bodies, producing the mechanical energy required to actuate the electric generator. On exiting the turbine, by extracting the residual heat with the help of cooling water taken from

630-464: The Danube, the steam is condensed. The circuit is resumed by repumping the condensate in order to supply the steam generators. In 2019, the two units of CNE Cernavodă produced 11,280,166 MWh. Unit 1 recorded a capacity factor of 93.86% and Unit 2 - 89.16%. With a capacity factor of 91.6% since it became operational, Romania, with two operating nuclear units, is 1st in the world. The Nuclear Fuel Plant

672-643: The General Assembly of Shareholders of SNN approved the Strategy for continuing the Project of Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă by launching a competitive procedure for selecting a private investor (PI) in order to incorporate a company, namely a joint venture.  The procedure was launched on 27 August 2014, and the first stage, the qualification one, ended on 9 September 2014, with the qualification of investor China General Nuclear Power Corporation . CGN

714-559: The Investors' Agreement in preliminary form, a prior step before the incorporation of the project company responsible for the implementation of the project. The term of the joint venture will be 2 years. At the General Assembly of Shareholders of SNN of 12 June 2020, the topics of the agenda proposed by the majority shareholder, the Ministry of Economy, Energy and Business Environment, were approved, namely: 1.     Repealing of

756-479: The civil nuclear sector in Romania in October 2020, including Cernavodă NPP Unit 3 and 4 Project. Based on official governmental statements, the Project is to be developed under a Euro-Atlantic consortium, including US, Canada and France support. This important project will double Romania's nuclear capacity in order to meet increasing power demand, enhance security of supply and reach climate change targets. The Project

798-415: The company that took over all the production and transport facilities of the former RENEL was CONEL ( Compania Națională de Electricitate ). The company had three branches, Termoelectrica specialized in production of thermal and electric power from fossil fuels , Hidroelectrica specialized in production of electric power from renewable sources especially hydro power plants and Electrica specialized in

840-458: The construction of new nuclear power generation capacities. Regarding future actions, namely the actions that are necessary for continuing the Project of Units 3 and 4, according to the obligations related to the status of listed company and of the Articles of Incorporation, SNN will inform and propose for its shareholders' vote any such actions, in the full transparency of the manner of managing

882-410: The counties of Sibiu and Târnava-Mică . Its territory included the central part of the current Alba County. The county originally consisted of seven districts ( plăși ): Subsequently, Plasa Ighiu was abolished and two other districts were established, leaving these: There were four towns: Alba Iulia , Abrud , Aiud , and Sebeș . According to the census data of 1930, the county's population

SECTION 20

#1732801477998

924-457: The county are: According to the 2021 census , the county had a population of 325,941 and the population density was 52.2/km (135.2/sq mi). Ethnic composition of Alba County (2021) The Alba County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections , consists of 32 county councillors, with the following party composition: Alba County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns, and 67 communes. Historically, Alba de Jos County

966-525: The county is known as Fehér megye (fehér also meaning white), and in German as Kreis Karlsburg . This county has a total area of 6,242 km (2,410 sq mi), with mountains occupying about 59% of its surface. The Apuseni Mountains are in the northwest; the northeastern side of the Parâng Mountains group – the Șureanu and Cindrel mountains – are in the south. In the east there

1008-520: The energy necessities of the country. The power plant began construction during the Nicolae Ceaușescu era and had several delays for various reasons. There are often proposals to finish construction of the partially built units 3, 4 and 5 either in cooperation with Candu Energy (current owner of CANDU technology patents and marketing rights) or some other pressurized heavy water reactor manufacturer. A contract between Candu Energy and EnergoNuclear,

1050-547: The fall of the communist regime, the first electric power distribution company was called RENEL or Regia Autonomă de Electricitate . The company owned and operated everything in the field of electricity production, transmission and distribution in Romania and had an installed production capacity of around 20,000 MW. In 1998 RENEL was dissolved and divided into three companies CONEL (supply and distribution), Nuclearelectrica (production) and Regia Autonomă pentru Activități Nucleare or RAAN (production and research). Since 1998

1092-1536: The fields of consulting and design, maintenance, inspections, overhauls and repairs of energy and measuring equipment. In 2016, Electrica had a network of about 116,500 km of power lines. In 2020, the company has a network of about 198,988 km of power lines. The company also has in its portfolio the Dimitrie Leonida Technical Museum. The three distribution companies within the Electrica Group are: "SDEE Transilvania Nord", that serves 6 counties located in North Western Romania namely Bihor , Bistrița-Năsăud , Cluj , Maramureș , Satu Mare and Salaj counties which serves 1.29 million people over an area of 34,162 km (13,190 sq mi); "SDEE Transilvania Sud" that serves 6 counties located in central Romania namely Alba , Brașov , Covasna , Harghita , Mureș and Sibiu counties which serves 1.16 million people over an area of 34,072 km (13,155 sq mi); and "SDEE Muntenia Nord" that serves 6 counties located in Southern and South Eastern Romania namely Brăila , Buzău , Dâmbovița , Galați , Prahova and Vrancea counties which serves 1.31 million people over an area of 28.962 km (11.182 sq mi). Nuclearelectrica SN "Nuclearelectrica" S.A. (SNN)

1134-402: The implementation of the project, and each investor obtained a percentage from the total number of shares, proportional to the invested capital: Nuclearelectrica (51%), ArcelorMittal Romania (6.2%), ČEZ Czech Republic (9.15%), GDF SUEZ Belgium (9.15%), ENEL Italy (9.15%), Iberdrola Spain (6.2%) and RWE Power Germany (9.15%). On 29 March 2009, the project company was incorporated under

1176-631: The name SC EnergoNuclear SA with the Trade Register of Romania, and the management team was appointed. EnergoNuclear is a company with public-private capital. In November 2010, the European Commission issued  a positive opinion on the project, according to the provisions of Art. 41 of the EURATOM treaty, which confirms the application of the technical and nuclear security criteria in force on EU level. In May 2012, CNCAN issued

1218-628: The necessary fuel for operating two units at CNE Cernavodă. In 2007, FCN obtained the TUV EN ISO 14001:2004 certificate for the environment management system. Annually, FCN Pitești manufactures approximately 10,800 nuclear fuel bundles. FCN Pitești can provide consultancy, technical support and various equipment to the companies interested in transferring nuclear fuel manufacturing technology. Units 3 and 4 have been under conservation already since 1992. Total completion rate: approximately 15% at Unit 3 and 14% at Unit 4, consisting in civil works at

1260-562: The pilot station as a fuel section within the Nuclear Research Institute (ICN) of Pitești. The Nuclear Fuel Plant was separated as a distinct entity in 1992. In 1994, the Nuclear Fuel Plant (FCN) was authorized by AECL and Zircatec Precision Industries Inc. (Canada) as a manufacturer of CANDU 6 nuclear fuel. In 2004–2006, with low investments, FCN Pitești doubled its production capacity in order to ensure

1302-440: The production capacity, it will provide nuclear fuel also for units 3 and 4. By the Resolution of the General Assembly of Shareholders of SNN of November 2013, the termination of the works at Unit 5 as a nuclear unit and changing its destination in order to use the existing structures in other activities of SNN. The development of Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă is part of the energy strategy of Romania until 2030, with year 2050 as

Electrica - Misplaced Pages Continue

1344-479: The reactor building, turbine building and service building. CNE Cernavodă Units 3 and 4 By Government Resolution no. 643/2007, the Government of Romania approved the strategy for attracting investors for building Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă, including the schedule for incorporating the new company that is responsible for completing the project.  After submitting the tenders, 6 companies were selected for

1386-408: The religious point of view, the urban population was made up of 38.3% Eastern Orthodox, 21.4% Greek Catholic, 14.7% Reformed (Calvinist), 7.2% Evangelical (Lutheran), 6.5% Jewish, as well as other minorities. After the 1938 Administrative and Constitutional Reform, this county merged with the counties of Ciuc , Odorhei , Sibiu , Târnava Mare , and Târnava Mică to form Ținutul Mureș . The county

1428-521: The responsibilities of the statutory bodies of SNN. Units 3 and 4 will increase the contribution of nuclear energy to the national energy system on the level of 2030, by using the existing capabilities and capitalizing the operating experience and the capability of the industry. Following the termination of the previous round of negotiations, Romania and US have initialized the Intergovernmental Agreement for cooperation to develop

1470-717: The supply and distribution of electric power. In 2000 the CONEL company was dissolved and the three branches that formed it became separate companies including a new one called Transelectrica specialized in the transportation of electric power thru power lines. The current Electrica company was established in 2000 after the break-up of CONEL and initially had eight branches "Transilvania Nord", "Transilvania Sud", "Muntenia Nord", "Muntenia Sud", "Moldova", "Oltenia", "Dobrogea" and "Banat". In 2005 Electrica privatized four of its branches namely "Moldova", "Oltenia", "Dobrogea" and "Banat" by selling 51% shares in each. The "Electrica Oltenia" branch

1512-555: The termination of the legal effects (by agreement of the parties, denunciation, etc.) of the following documents: "Memorandum of Understanding on the development, construction, operation and decommissioning of Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă (MoU) and (ii) Investor Agreement in preliminary form". 3.     Mandating the Board of Directors of the SNN to initiate the necessary steps for the analysis and crystallization of strategic options for

1554-585: The trading company "Electrica Furnizare" SA. In 2014, 51% of the shares of Electrica SA were double listed on the London Stock Exchange and on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. It was the biggest listing on the capital market in the country. The company collected at the time a record of almost LEI 2 billion (EUR 443 million). Electrica is serving over 3.8 million customers in the entire country. The Group's distribution activity

1596-531: Was 212,749, of which 81.5% were Romanians, 11.3% Hungarians, 3.6% Germans, 1.8% Romanies, 1.4% Jews, as well as other minorities. In the religious aspect, the population consisted of 50.1% Eastern Orthodox, 31.6% Greek Catholics, 7.5% Reformed (Calvinists), 3.4% Roman Catholics, 3.3% Evangelical (Lutherans), 1.2% Unitarians, and other minorities. In 1930, the urban population of the county was 33,365, of which 58.8% were Romanians, 23.0% Hungarians, 8.2% Germans, 6.2% Jews, 1.6% Romanies, as well as other minorities. From

1638-594: Was appointed as the selected investor on 17 October 2014 by signing a Common Letter regarding the Intention to Implement the Project. On 22 October 2015, the shareholders of SNN approved in the General Assembly of Shareholders the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on the development, building, operation and decommissioning of Units 3 and 4 of CNE Cernavodă, which was signed by the parties on 9 November 2015. On 8 May 2019, SNN and its selected partner CGN signed

1680-524: Was approved. In 2011, investors GDF SUEZ, CEZ, RWE and Iberdrola withdrew from the project, and substantiated their decision by the necessity of focusing on investments in their countries of origin, because of the economic crisis. After the remaining shareholders (ENEL and ArcelorMittal) exercised their option to withdraw from the project in December 2013, SN Nuclearelectrica SA is the sole shareholder of project company EnergoNuclear SA. On 22 August 2014,

1722-410: Was located in the central-western part of Greater Romania , in the southwestern part of Transylvania , with a territory identical with the old Alsó-Fehér County of Hungary. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county changed to Alba County and the territory was reorganized. It was bordered on the west by Hunedoara County , to the north by Turda County , and to the east by

Electrica - Misplaced Pages Continue

1764-712: Was sold to the Czech company CEZ Group for €167 million while the "Electrica Moldova" branch was sold to the German company E.ON for €100 million. The "Electrica Banat" and "Dobrogea" were sold to the Italian company Enel for a combined €112 million. The Italian company also bought in 2008 a 64.4% stake in the "Electrica Muntenia Sud", the largest of the Electrica branches, for €820 million. In 2011, "Electrica Furnizare Muntenia Nord", "Electrica Furnizare Transilvania Nord" and "Electrica Furnizare Transilvania Sud" merged into

#997002