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56-783: The Elliott Cresson Medal , also known as the Elliott Cresson Gold Medal , was the highest award given by the Franklin Institute . The award was established by Elliott Cresson , life member of the Franklin Institute, with $ 1,000 granted in 1848. The endowed award was to be "for some discovery in the Arts and Sciences, or for the invention or improvement of some useful machine, or for some new process or combination of materials in manufactures, or for ingenuity skill or perfection in workmanship." The medal

112-725: A $ 10 million multiroom exhibit on neuroscience, but also a conference center, classroom space, and additional room for traveling exhibitions. The most recognizable part of the Franklin Institute's Science Center is the Franklin Institute Science Museum . In the spirit of inquiry and discovery embodied by Benjamin Franklin, the mission of the Franklin Institute Science Museum serves to inspire an understanding of and passion for science and technology learning. Among other exhibits,

168-504: A negative effect for those being publicized. One of the most important factors in relation to influencing a consumer's buying decision is how a company, brand, or individual deals with negative publicity. Negative publicity may result in major loss of revenue or market shares within a business. It can also play a part in damaging a consumer's perception of a brand or its products. Negative publicity's high credibility and greater influence compared to other company-controlled communications play

224-449: A newsworthy story in a way that influences editorial coverage in a certain, usually positive, direction. This is what is generally referred to as spin . A press agent, or flack, is a professional publicist who acts on behalf of his or her client on all matters involving public relations. Press agents are typically employed by public personalities and organizations such as performers and businesses. A press agent will provide information to

280-453: A part in the potential damage it may have on a corporate image. Crises involved with an organization may also result in negative publicity. Furthermore, negative publicity affects everything from the evaluation of a brand and product to the present. Often, when awareness of a company, brand, or individual is high, negative publicity is deemed to hurt possible sales. In contrast, companies, brands, and individuals who are not widely known may use

336-784: A party hosted by the museum, a partygoer with his companions slipped into a closed-off exhibit of ten terracotta warriors on loan from China . After his companions left, the partygoer broke off and stole a thumb from one of the warriors. Law enforcement agents later recovered the stolen thumb. The vandalized cavalryman is valued at US$ 4.5 million, and is considered a "priceless part of China's cultural heritage". The vandalism stoked outrage in Chinese media, such as Xinhua . The Franklin Institute blamed its external security contractor, and stated it had reviewed its security measures and procedures to prevent such situations from recurring. The defendant

392-449: A year-end party. Press agent In marketing , publicity is the public visibility or awareness for any product , service , person or organization . It may also refer to the movement of information from its source to the general public , often (but not always) via the media . The subjects of publicity include people of public recognition , goods and services , organizations, and works of art or entertainment. A publicist

448-612: Is featured in Benjamin Franklin Forever , an hourly 3.5-minute multimedia presentation utilizing the entire rotunda. Also noteworthy is the Franklin Institute's Frankliniana Collection, some of which is on rotating display in the Pendulum Staircase. Highlights include Franklin's 1777 Nini Medallion, the scale model of the bust from the statue in the Memorial, the figurehead of Franklin's bust from

504-917: Is a member of the Association of Science and Technology Centers (ASTC) and the American Alliance of Museums (AAM). The Franklin Institute is also a member of the Science Museum Exhibit Collaborative with the Fort Worth Museum of Science & History; the Museum of Science, Boston ; COSI Columbus , formerly known as the Center of Science and Industry in Columbus, Ohio ; OMSI in Portland, Oregon ;

560-428: Is also created through reputation management , in which organizations try strive to control via the web. Furthermore, despite the fact that publicity, both good or bad, can be beneficial for an organization, company or individual, much of it is paid for despite claims that publicity is often free. Despite publicity being an influential benefit within the marketing sector, one disadvantage which highly affects publicity

616-401: Is often referred to as the result of public relations , in terms of providing favourable information to media and any third party outlets; these may including bloggers, mainstream media, as well as new media forms such as podcasts. This is done to provide a message to consumers without having to pay for direct time or space. This in return creates awareness and achieves greater credibility. After

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672-548: Is one solution which can help protect the image of a company or help reverse the damage. Companies must adopt the CSR approach early for it to be effective, or potential risks such as falsified intentions may develop within a consumer's perception. Despite the damaging effect negative publicity may cause, negative publicity may not always have the expected effect. There is a possibility that negative publicity may in fact gain more attention as opposed to positive publicity. Regardless of

728-670: Is someone that carries out publicity, while public relations (PR) is the strategic management function that helps an organization establish and maintain communication with the public. This can be done internally, without the use of popular media. From a marketing perspective, publicity is one component of promotion and marketing. The other elements of the promotional mix are advertising , sales promotion , direct marketing and personal selling . Organizations will sometimes organize events designed to attract media coverage, and subsequently, provide positive publicity; these events are known as publicity stunts . Publicity originates from

784-411: Is the lack of ability in which publicity cannot be repeated, in comparison to paid advertising. A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a company, product, public figure (especially a celebrity ), or work such as a book, movie, or band. Though there are many aspects to a publicist's job, their main function is to persuade the news media to report about their client in

840-426: The "Kite and Key" experiment . In 1826, The Journal of The Franklin Institute was established to publish US Patent information and to document scientific and technological achievements throughout the nation. It is the second oldest continuously published scientific journal in the country, and is now primarily devoted to engineering and applied mathematics . Since 1824, the Franklin Institute has maintained

896-549: The Benjamin Franklin Parkway , near the intersection with 20th Street, in 1934. The new facility was intended from the start to educate visitors through hand-on interactions with exhibits: "Visitors to this museum would be encouraged to touch, handle, and operate the exhibits in order to learn how things work." Funds to build the new Institute and Franklin Memorial came from the Poor Richard Club,

952-679: The Pantheon in Rome . The Hall is 82 ft (25 m) in length, width, and height. The domed ceiling is self-supporting and weighs 1600 tons. The floors, walls, columns, pilasters, and cornices are made of marbles imported from Portugal, Italy, and France. The United States Congress designated the Hall and statue as the official Benjamin Franklin National Memorial on October 25, 1972 ( Pub. L.   92–551 ). The Memorial

1008-732: The Science Museum of Minnesota in Saint Paul, Minnesota ; and the California Science Center , formerly the California Museum of Science & Industry, in Los Angeles . The Benjamin Franklin National Memorial features a 20-foot (6.1 m) high marble statue, sculpted by James Earle Fraser . Originally opened in 1938, the Memorial was designed by architect John T. Windrim and modeled after

1064-624: The frigate USS  Franklin , his ceremonial sword used in the court of King Louis XVI, and the odometer that Franklin used to measure the postal routes in Philadelphia. Additionally, the institute's Electricity exhibition highlights one of Franklin's lightning rods, his electricity tube, a Franklin Electrostatic Generator , the 1751 publication of Franklin's Experiments and Observations on Electricity , and Thornton Oakley 's two 1940 historical murals of Franklin and

1120-607: The 1980s. Many scientists have demonstrated groundbreaking new technology at the Franklin Institute. From September 2 to October 11, 1884, it hosted the International Electrical Exhibition of 1884 , the first great electrical exposition in the United States. The world's first public demonstration of an all-electronic television system was later given by Philo Taylor Farnsworth on August 25, 1934. The first female member, Elizabeth Skinner,

1176-462: The Arts determines the winners of these awards. Recipients and related information can be found in the laureates database. The Franklin Institute also undertakes research in informal science education. Areas of special strength are educational technology, school partnerships, and youth leadership. In addition, the center has built a substantial portfolio of unique online resources of the history of science, including online exhibits on Ben Franklin and

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1232-574: The Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science (Bower Science Award) and the Bower Award for Business Leadership have been awarded annually. They are funded by a $ 7.5 million bequest in 1988 from Henry Bower, a chemical manufacturer in Philadelphia. The Bower Science Award contains $ 250,000 of cash, one of the largest amounts for a science award in the US. The institute's Committee on Science and

1288-574: The Center is a partnership between the Franklin Institute and the Girl Scouts of the USA provided girls and their families a chance to learn about science together. Over 100 sites participated in the program, with over 70 of the sites still active today. Girls at the Center provided activities for the girls to do with their families at home, as well as projects to be completed on site, all culminating in

1344-719: The City Board of Trust, the Benjamin Franklin Memorial, Inc., and the Franklin Institute. John T. Windrim's original design was a completely square building surrounding the Benjamin Franklin Statue, which had yet to be built. Despite the effects of the Great Depression , the Benjamin Franklin Memorial, Inc. raised $ 5 million between December 1929 and June 1930. Only two of the four wings envisioned by Windrim were built; these face

1400-886: The Edward Longstreth Medal (1890), the Howard N. Potts Medal (1911), the Franklin Medal (1915), the George R. Henderson Medal (1924), the Louis E. Levy Medal (1924), the John Price Wetherill Medal (1926), The Frank P. Brown Medal (first awarded in 1941), Stuart Ballantine Medal (1947), and the Albert A. Michelson Medal (1968). Past winners include Henry Ford , Frank Lloyd Wright , Marie Curie , and Thomas Edison . In 1998 all of

1456-631: The Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts . The opening was chronicled by The Literary Chronicle for the Year 1824 : With a view further to develop the resources of the union, increase the national independence, call forth the ingenuity and industry of the people, and thereby increase the comforts of the community at large. Begun in 1825, the institute

1512-501: The French word publicité ' advertisement ' . Publicity as a practice originates in the core of Paris, where shopping, tourism and the entertainment industry met commercialised print media and a burgeoning publishing industry . Among the urban society, scenes of consumption and new consumer identities were circulated through advertisement. La Maison Aubert shaped the emerging discipline of publicity. In early 19th century Paris,

1568-833: The Heart, as well as resources on the Wright Aeronautical Engineering Collection. The Franklin Institute is a member of the Nanoscale Informal Science Education Network (NISE Net). Opening in September 2006, The Science Leadership Academy is a partnership between the Franklin Institute and the School District of Philadelphia . The Franklin Institute offers summer institutes and school year mini-courses for K-8 teachers, in collaboration with

1624-667: The Lunar Module in the Apollo space program, first shown on display in the 1966–67 World's Fair, held in the New York Hall of Science, is also located on the grounds. (See photo .) In 1933, Samuel Simeon Fels contributed funds to build The Fels Planetarium , only the second built in the United States after Chicago 's Adler Planetarium . Fully reconstructed in 2002, the Planetarium's new design includes replacement of

1680-462: The Parkway and share design elements with other cultural and civic structures around Logan Circle . On March 31, 1940, press agent William Castellini issued a press release stating that the world would end the next day. The story was picked up by KYW , which reported, "Your worst fears that the world will end are confirmed by astronomers of Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Scientists predict that

1736-690: The School District of Philadelphia and Curriculum & Instruction Office. Partnerships for Achieving Careers in Technology and Science , or PACTS, is a year-round program of science enrichment, career development, and leadership opportunities for diverse middle- and high-school students in the Philadelphia Region. PACTS students use hands-on science workshops, field based research, field trips, and laboratory experiments to learn how science affects their everyday lives. Girls at

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1792-563: The Science Museum holds the largest collection of artifacts from the Wright brothers ' workshop. The Science Center includes many pertinent attractions that are not museum exhibits. The Budd BB-1 Pioneer flying boat, in front of the museum, was the world's first stainless steel airplane, built by Philadelphia-based Edward F. Budd Manufacturing Corporation , and has been on display since 1935. A mock-up which would eventually become

1848-436: The advertisements and publicity campaigns for consumer items, such as cashmere shawls, and retailers such as perfumeries soon attracted regulation on flyposting . 19th century US companies included not only pro-sales messages in their publicity, but also explanations, demonstrations and exaggerations. Patent medicine and cosmetics manufacturers in the US frequently described or even showed consumers before and after

1904-500: The doing of publicity can help attract attention whilst also supplying information regarding a specific organization or individual client and any event, activity or attribute associated with them. The use of publicity is also known to be an important strategic element and promotional tool due to its effect of intentional exposure on a consumer. This helps publicity gain an advantage over other forms of marketing, such as advertising, often in order to boost credibility. Favourable publicity

1960-433: The dome which is over 70 ft (21 m) across and 4.5 stories tall. In addition, the theater has 20,000 watts of amplifier power and over 50 speakers. The theater was closed in 2020 due to COVID-19 , and did not reopen with the rest of the museum. In November 2023, the Franklin Institute confirmed that the theater would remain closed permanently, citing that it was financially unviable and had outdated equipment, and that

2016-577: The endowed medals were reorganized as the Benjamin Franklin Medals . Multiple medals are given every year, for different fields of science and engineering. The fields awarded today are " Chemistry ", " Computer and Cognitive Science ", " Earth and Environmental Science ", " Electrical Engineering ", " Life Science ", " Mechanical Engineering " and " Physics ". In the past also the fields " Earth Science ", " Engineering " and " Materials Science " were rewarded. Additionally since 1990,

2072-593: The exhibit left Philadelphia on September 30, 2007, it traveled to London . This exhibit was nearly twice the size of the original Tutankhamun exhibit of the 1970s, and contained 50 objects directly from Tut's tomb, as well as nearly 70 object from the tombs of his ancestors in The Valley of the Kings . The show also featured a CAT Scan that revealed what the Boy King may have looked like. The Franklin Institute

2128-467: The existing Institute building and exhibits. In 2011, the Franklin Institute received a $ 10 million gift from Athena and Nicholas Karabots towards the Inspire Science! capital campaign. This gift is the largest gift in the institute's history, and put the Franklin Institute within $ 6 million of the $ 64.7 million capital campaign goal. The Nicholas and Athena Karabots Pavilion will house not only

2184-478: The institute housed the work of Dyymond Whipper-Young as she broke the Guinness world record for the "world's largest drawing by an individual". In 2006, the Franklin Institute began fundraising activities for the Inspire Science! capital campaign, a $ 64.7 million campaign intended to fund the construction of a 53,000 sq ft (4,900 m ) building addition, new exhibits, and upgrades and renovations to

2240-623: The late 20th century, the institute's research roles gave way to educating the general public through its museum. The Bartol Research Foundation of the Franklin Institute, founded in 1924 to conduct research in the physical sciences, now is part of the University of Delaware and named Bartol Research Institute . The Franklin Institute Laboratories for Research and Development operated from the Second World War into

2296-550: The longest continuously awarded science and technology awards program in the United States, and one of the oldest in the world. The first issue of the Journal of The Franklin Institute , dated January 1826, makes the first written reference to these awards. Before 1998 several medals were awarded by the Franklin Institute, such as (year indicates when the award was first presented): the Elliott Cresson Medal (1875),

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2352-488: The media such as upcoming public events, interview opportunities, and promotional dates, and will work with the media in getting in touch with an appropriate client or resource. Press agents are occasionally required to act as " spin doctors , to put into the best light their clients' public actions. While press agents have traditionally worked with newspapers and television, they may also be conversant with newer media forms such as blogs and podcasts. Publicity can also create

2408-474: The message has been distributed, the publicist in charge of the information will lose control of how the message is used and interpreted, in contrast to the way it works in advertising. According to Grunig, public relations is often reduced to publicity. He also states how publicity is a form of activity in which should be associated with the sales promotion effort of a company, in order to help aid advertising and personal salesmanship as well. Kent also stated that

2464-434: The most positive way possible. Publicists identify newsworthy aspects of products and personalities to offer to media outlets as possible reportage ideas. A variant of this practice which relies on linking a brand to a breaking news story has been dubbed "newsjacking". Publicists are also responsible for shaping reportage about their clients in a timely manner that fits within a media outlet's news cycle. They attempt to present

2520-464: The museum would be investing in other new exhibits instead. Early in 2008, extensive renovation of the museum's auditorium was completed. Previously a lecture hall, the space was renamed Franklin Theater , and features 3-D and hi-def Blu-ray digital projection capabilities. The Franklin Theater shows educational films during daytime hours while also including mass release feature-length films. In

2576-486: The negative publicity in order to increase brand awareness among the public. The extensive range of media outlets, including both traditional and new media, provide opportunities for companies to market their products or services. This restricts or reduces the ability to manage negative publicity, as their message may be spread across media outlets. In order for organizations to try salvage any negative publicity surrounding their brand, corporate social responsibility (CSR)

2632-415: The original 40,000-pound stainless steel dome, originally built in 1933. The new premium dome is lighter and is 60 feet (18 m) in diameter. It is the first of its kind in the United States. The planetarium is also outfitted for visitors who are hearing impaired. The Tuttleman IMAX Theater is an IMAX dome theater that is 180° encompassing and tilted at 30 degrees. The seating places the audience up in

2688-628: The past, the Science Center has hosted many traveling exhibits including Storms , Titanic , Grossology , Body Worlds , Darwin , and Robots . In the summer of 2007, the Franklin Institute hosted Tutankhamun and The Golden Age of The Pharaohs, in the Mandell Center of the Franklin Institute Science Museum. The exhibit began its United States Tour in Los Angeles , and went to Fort Lauderdale , and Chicago , before coming to Philadelphia for its final American appearance. When

2744-419: The relative benefit of publicity. He argued that vendibility is not utility , and that publicity had "no traceable relation to any benefit which the community may derive." Veblen estimated how much the publicity campaigns of companies added to the price consumers were paying. He argued that the publicity overhead for over-the-counter pharmaceuticals and cosmetics was more than half the retail price. Publicity

2800-543: The usage of the product. The Blair Manufacturing Company was among the US companies that advertised its products by comparing old-fashioned consumers who did not use the advertised product with the progressive customers who did. Before-after-changes became common in advertisement from 1910 onwards. In the early 20th century, American Albert Lasker , developed the used of advertising for appealing to consumers' psychology. The contemporary economist Thorstein Veblen criticised

2856-466: The world will end at 3 p.m. Eastern Standard Time tomorrow. This is no April Fool joke . Confirmation can be obtained from Wagner Schlesinger, director of the Fels Planetarium of this city." This caused a panic in the city which only subsided when the Franklin Institute assured people it had made no such prediction. Castellini was dismissed shortly thereafter. On December 21, 2017, during

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2912-464: Was an important force in the professionalization of American science and technology through the nineteenth century, beginning with early investigations into steam engines and water power . In addition to conducting scientific inquiry, it fostered research and education by running schools, publishing the influential Journal of The Franklin Institute , sponsoring exhibitions, and recognizing scientific advancement and invention with medals and awards. In

2968-466: Was charged both with theft, and with concealment of an item of cultural heritage. The defense argued that the defendant was being "overcharged" under statutes applicable to professional art thieves. An April 2019 trial ended in a hung jury with seven of the 12 jurors in favor of acquittal. A February 2020 retrial was postponed due to travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic . In 2021,

3024-527: Was dedicated by Vice President Nelson Rockefeller in 1976. On December 30, 2005, Congress authorized the institute to receive up to $ 10 million in matching grants for the rehabilitation of the memorial and for the development of related exhibits. In the fall of 2008, the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial was re-opened after a summer-long restoration that included multimedia enhancements. Philadelphia's most famous citizen

3080-422: Was elected to membership in 1833. The Franklin Institute was integrated in 1870, when Philadelphia teacher and activist Octavius Catto was admitted as a member. The institute's original building at 15 South 7th Street, later the home of the (now-defunct) Atwater Kent Museum , eventually proved too small for the institute's research, educational programs, and library. The Institute moved into its current home on

3136-573: Was first awarded in 1875, 21 years after Cresson's death. The Franklin Institute continued awarding the medal on an occasional basis until 1998 when they reorganized their endowed awards under one umbrella, The Benjamin Franklin Awards . A total of 268 Elliott Cresson Medals were given out during the award's lifetime. Franklin Institute On February 5, 1824, Samuel Vaughan Merrick and William H. Keating founded

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