Misplaced Pages

#698301

62-579: There is also Escanaba Township , which is north of the city and is not adjacent to it, although a portion of the urban area around the city extends into the township. Both are named for the Escanaba River , which flows into the Little Bay de Noc of Lake Michigan just north of the city. The names are derived from the Ojibwa language . Escanaba was the name of an Ojibwa village in this area in

124-507: A combined question and a MENA category, while also collecting additional detail to enable data disaggregation. The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data is also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require this data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data

186-477: A cost of $ 11,000. Construction began in the fall of 1867 and was completed in early spring 1868. Until 2017, Escanaba continued to be an important shipping point for iron ore to other Great Lakes ports, especially south to Chicago and northern Indiana. The local paper mill, for many years owned by Mead Corporation 's Publishing Paper Division, was operated by the Verso Corporation until 2022 when it

248-497: A household in the city was $ 29,125, and the median income for a family was $ 36,995. Males had a median income of $ 32,310 versus $ 21,204 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 17,589. About 10.8% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over. Although the Upper Peninsula is part of the state of Michigan, Escanaba and

310-533: A person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino." However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights . In 1997,

372-524: A race. Enumerators were instructed that all people born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. In prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list Mexican Americans as white, perhaps because some of them were of white background (mainly Spanish), many others mixed white and Native American and some of them Native American. The supplemental American Indian questionnaire

434-612: Is also home to the Delta County Sheriff's Office, which employs ten deputies assigned to road and marine patrol. Additionally, the city is home to the newly constructed $ 17.9 million Correctional Facility with a capacity for 160 inmates. Sheriff: Edward Oswald The Delta County Sheriff's Office participates in the Upper Peninsula Substance Enforcement Team (UPSET) as part of a multi-agency operation to arrest criminals engaged in

496-497: Is also served by low-power translator stations of WNMU translator W296AX from Marquette, MI (at 96.5 FM), WRPP translator W254AG from Sturgeon Bay, WI (at 98.7 FM), and WHWL translator W261AI from Marquette, MI (at 100.1 FM). WJMN-TV , the local MyNetworkTV television station on channel 3, formerly operated as a satellite of CBS affiliate WFRV in Green Bay. Radio and television signals originating from Door County, WI across

558-534: Is from the Indian subcontinent ) were counted as White. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person's origin or descent? Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central American Other Spanish No, none of these This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East), Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again,

620-789: Is home to the William Bonifas Fine Arts Center, The Waterfront Art Festival, The Players de Noc, The Bay de Noc Choral Society, the Escanaba City Band, and many smaller arts organizations, art galleries, and musical performing groups. Escanaba is located in US Congressional District 1 represented by Jack Bergman (R-2017) . The city is in Michigan's 108th State House District and 38th State Senate District, represented by Beau LaFave (R-2017) and Ed McBroom (R-2019) , respectively. As

682-607: Is needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions". Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act and monitoring/enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act ). Data on ethnic groups is also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of

SECTION 10

#1732765219699

744-494: Is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,587 people, 1,290 households, and 1,038 families residing in the township. The population density was 60.2 inhabitants per square mile (23.2/km ). There were 1,398 housing units at an average density of 23.5 per square mile (9.1/km ). The racial makeup of the township was 96.88% White , 1.45% Native American , 0.42% Asian , 0.17% from other races , and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.20% of

806-853: The Duluth Missabe & Iron Range railroad in Escanaba. The C&NW would acquire the CMSP&;P 's trackage in Escanaba and Wells . With the creation of the Wisconsin Central railroad, most of the lines in Escanaba were unified in a single operation with the exception of the DMIR and the E&;LS . In 2004, when CN controlled the WC , the DMIR sold to Canadian National. As of April 2021, just

868-472: The Köppen-Geiger climate classification . It is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. Escanaba is described as being in the banana belt of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. While most of the peninsula is affected by significant lake-effect snow , Escanaba's winter climate is much milder due to its location on

930-859: The Secretary of State , directed US Marshals to collect data from all 13 original states, and from the Southwest Territory . The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. Some doubt surrounded the numbers, as President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread-out population, and restraints of current technology. No microdata from

992-546: The US Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) define a set of self-identified categories of race and ethnicity chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether they are of Hispanic or Latino origin in a separate question. The racial categories represent a social-political construct for

1054-476: The US Constitution and applicable laws. The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in two of the most public places within each jurisdiction, remain for the inspection of all concerned, and that "the aggregate amount of each description of persons" for every district be transmitted to the president . The US Marshals were also responsible for governing

1116-417: The "Color or Race" question was slightly modified, removing the term "Mulatto". Also, there was an inclusion of an "Indian Population Schedule" in which "enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups off of reservations." This expanded version included the question "Fraction of person's lineage that is white." The 1910 census

1178-532: The 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . However, the categories of "Free white males" of 16 years and upward, including heads of families under 16 years, "Free white females", including heads of families, All other free persons, and "Slaves," existed in

1240-414: The 2000 and 2010 censuses. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the 1990 census : The 1990 census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the "other" race option and provided a multiple write-in. The response was assigned according to the race written first. "For example, a write-in of 'black-white' was assigned a code of 'black,' while

1302-608: The E&;LS and CN remain. CN owns the last two yards in Escanaba, being the Gladstone Yard, and the Escanaba Ore Docks. The 2001 comedy film Escanaba in da Moonlight is set in Escanaba. The film is known for prominently using Upper Peninsula language and slang. Escanaba Township, Michigan Escanaba Township is a civil township of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population

SECTION 20

#1732765219699

1364-467: The OMB built on the 1997 guidelines and suggested the addition of a Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) racial category and considered combining racial and ethnic categories into one question. In March 2024, the Office of Management and Budget published revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included

1426-405: The OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. The OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the federal government ". The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws. Among

1488-400: The average family size was 3.11. In the township the population was spread out, with 27.2% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males. The median income for a household in

1550-606: The bay are also generally easily received in the Escanaba area as well. During the solar eclipse of January 24, 1925, Chicago radio station WJAZ, which had been broadcasting from a "motor truck" mounted portable transmitter, was transported to Escanaba, Michigan, to document the effects of the dimming sun on radio transmissions. Escanaba's Harbor Tower, an 18-story apartment building, is the tallest building in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The Escanaba area has been serviced by several railroads. The former Chicago & Northwestern Railroad connected Green Bay to their main system around

1612-418: The census form. In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed with five cohorts and included All other free persons, except "Indians not taxed", and "Slaves". The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about slaves. Also the term "colored" entered the census nomenclature. In addition, a question stating "Number of foreigners not naturalized"

1674-418: The census. About one-third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation. The data was lost in 1790–1830, and included data from Connecticut , Delaware , Georgia , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Carolina , Vermont , and Virginia . However, the census was proven factual and

1736-483: The changes, The OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of mixed-race children and wanting to record diversity in a measurable way after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge theirs and their children's full ancestry, rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the census and other government data collections asked people to report singular races. As of 2023,

1798-425: The city. The population density was 1,038.3 inhabitants per square mile (400.9/km). There were 6,258 housing units at an average density of 494.5 per square mile (190.9/km). The racial makeup of the city was 95.66% White , 0.11% African American , 2.61% Native American , 0.33% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.18% from other races , and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.66% of

1860-657: The decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. The 1940 census

1922-536: The design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished among different Asian ethnic groups, such as Japanese and Chinese , due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", " Quadroon ", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or " Indian ". During 1900,

Escanaba, Michigan - Misplaced Pages Continue

1984-598: The developing Midwest. Iron ore supported industrialization, and became part of steel and other industries in the Midwest. As shipping increased, a lighthouse was needed to warn of a sand shoals in Little Bay de Noc, which extended from Sand Point, a sandspit located just south of and adjacent to the harbor area. The United States Lighthouse Service approved construction of the Sand Point Lighthouse at

2046-562: The early 19th century. The Ojibwa are one of the Anishinaabe , Algonquian-speaking tribes who settled and flourished around the Great Lakes. The word "Escanaba" roughly translates from Ojibwe and other regional Algonquian languages to "land of the red buck", although some people maintain that it refers to "flat rock". As a European-American settlement, Escanaba was founded in 1863 as a port town by surveyor Eli P. Royce. Early industry

2108-456: The existence of most of this data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves . Thomas Jefferson , then

2170-487: The free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person were white, marked "B" if a person were black, and marked "M" if a person were mulatto . Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave were black and an "M" if mulatto. For 1890, the Census Office changed

2232-593: The most populous area in Delta County , Escanaba's four precincts span three of Delta County's five Districts: Precinct 3 The Escanaba City Council consists of five council members who are elected to four-year terms. A Mayor, and a Mayor Pro-Tem are selected by the council members at the first regular meeting following the election. Escanaba established its own Department of Public Safety in 1975, which provides police and firefighting services to city residents. Director of Public Safety: Robert LaMarche Escanaba

2294-681: The population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Service Act ; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act ). The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of

2356-408: The population. There were 1,290 households, out of which 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.0% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.5% were non-families. 16.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and

2418-442: The population. There were 5,622 households, of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.0% were non-families. Of all households 38.2% were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2480-490: The population. 17.0% were of German , 16.5% French , 11.4% French Canadian , 8.8% Swedish , 6.4% Irish and 5.2% English ancestry, according to Census 2000 . There were 5,800 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.2% were non-families. Of all households 37.0% were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who

2542-761: The public schools in Escanaba, which includes various elementary schools, the middle school, and the high school . There is also a private school, Holy Name Catholic School, which teaches pre-school children all the way up to eighth grade. Bay College , a public 2-year college, was founded in the city in 1962. It offers various two year degrees and certificate programs ranging from welding, public safety, business, nursing, among others. Local radio stations include KMB Broadcasting's WDBC 680 AM ( adult standards ) and WYKX 104.7 FM ( country music ), Lakes Radio's WCHT 600 AM (news/ talk ), WGLQ 97.1 FM ( adult top 40 ), WCMM 102.5 FM (country), and WGKL 105.5 FM ( oldies ), and standalone WUPF 107.3 FM ( classic hits ). Escanaba

Escanaba, Michigan - Misplaced Pages Continue

2604-451: The race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro", no matter the fraction of that lineage (the " one-drop rule "). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless they were considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry

2666-583: The race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country". The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with

2728-511: The racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices. The 1960 census re-added the word "color" to the racial question, and changed "Indian" to "American Indian", as well as adding Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The "Other (print out race)" option was removed. This year's census included "Negro or Black", re-added Korean and the Other race option. East Indians (the term used at that time for people whose ancestry

2790-598: The same time that they built their mainline to Escanaba. The CMSP&P otherwise known as the Milwaukee Road connected Escanaba to their system shortly thereafter. In 1898, the Escanaba & Lake Superior owned by Issac Stephenson constructed a line from its connection to the Milwaukee Road . Both the C&;NW and the CMSP&P ran passenger service to the Escanaba area as well. The C&NW also connected to

2852-427: The term "color" was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent? No, not Spanish/Hispanic Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano Yes, Puerto Rican Yes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic The racial categories in this year are as they appear in

2914-492: The time of the American Civil War , this port was important to the Union as a shipping point for these ores, in addition to lumber. The Menominee Range and Gogebic Range of Michigan became important for iron ore after the war, in the 1880s. In 1994, Michigan produced about 25% of the iron ore nationally. Initially lumber was still integral to shipbuilding, and supported the construction of houses in cities throughout

2976-473: The township was $ 44,730, and the median income for a family was $ 48,839. Males had a median income of $ 41,227 versus $ 22,952 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 18,454. About 3.5% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 1.3% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over. Asian (U.S. Census) In the United States census ,

3038-407: The use, sale, and distribution of drugs throughout Michigan's Upper Peninsula. The Delta County Courthouse serves all of Delta County. The courthouse includes the 47th Circuit Court , the 94th District Court , and Probate Court . In 2003, the school board opted to completely renovate the historic 1930s junior high school, rather than move it outside of town. Escanaba Area Public Schools operate

3100-534: The western Upper Peninsula sometimes have closer cultural ties to the state of Wisconsin . Pasties are a significant tourist attraction. Many ethnic groups adopted the pasty for use in the Copper Country copper mines; the Finnish immigrants within the region mistook it for the traditional piiraat and kuuko pastries. The pasty has become strongly associated with all cultures in this area. Escanaba

3162-513: The windward Lake Michigan shoreline. As of the census of 2010, there were 12,616 people, 5,622 households, and 3,090 families residing in the city. The population density was 979.5/sq mi (378.2/km). There were 6,178 housing units at an average density of 479.7/sq mi (185.2/km). The racial makeup of the city was 93.5% White , 0.4% African American , 2.6% Native American , 0.6% Asian , 0.3% from other races , and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of

SECTION 50

#1732765219699

3224-438: Was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.82. The median age in the city was 41.4 years. 21.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.6% were from 25 to 44; 26.4% were from 45 to 64; and 19.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.1% male and 52.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 13,140 people, 5,800 households, and 3,294 families residing in

3286-488: Was 3,496 at the 2020 census , down from 3,482 at the 2010 census . The City of Escanaba is south of the township but is administratively autonomous. Both are named for the Escanaba River . According to the United States Census Bureau , the township has a total area of 60.3 square miles (156 km ), of which 59.6 square miles (154 km ) is land and 0.8 square miles (2.1 km ) (1.24%)

3348-449: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.88. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.5% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.3 males. The median income for

3410-443: Was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry. President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a Good Neighbor policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent

3472-423: Was included. In the 1830 census, a new question, which stated, "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included. The 1850 census had a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. Two questionnaires were used - one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on

3534-421: Was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. "Hin", "Kor", and "Fil" were also added to the "Color or Race" question, signifying Hindu (Asian Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively. The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting

3596-538: Was similar to that of 1900, but it included a reinsertion of "Mulatto" and a question about the "mother tongue" of foreign-born individuals and individuals with foreign-born parents. "Ot" was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual's proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage. The 1920 census questionnaire

3658-530: Was sold to Billerud . Located on the outskirts of the city alongside the Escanaba River, in 2018 the mill was Escanaba's largest employer. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 16.50 sq mi (42.73 km), of which 12.88 sq mi (33.36 km) is land and 3.62 sq mi (9.38 km) is water. This climatic region is classified as humid continental climate , abbreviated "Dfb", according to

3720-415: Was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the white population. 1940 census data was used for Japanese American internment . The Census Bureau's role was denied for decades, but was finally proven in 2007. The 1950 census questionnaire removed the word "color" from

3782-504: Was the processing and harvesting of lumber, dominated in this area by Daniel Wells Jr. , Jefferson Sinclair, and Nelson Ludington . Ludington later moved his headquarters to Chicago, where he also entered banking. I. Stephenson established a successor lumber company in the area and also became a capitalist. Before the war, iron ore was being mined from the Marquette Iron Range , which shipped out on barges from Escanaba. By

SECTION 60

#1732765219699

3844-410: Was to be recorded as American Indian, unless their Indigenous ancestry was small, and they were accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, they were to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as

#698301