Misplaced Pages

Euston Square

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
#512487

91-558: Euston Square is a large square in the London Borough of Camden in Central London . It lies on Euston Road , and Euston railway station and Euston bus station are on its northernmost side. Although “Euston Square” strictly refers to the square, in day to day use the name is often used to refer to Euston Square tube station , whose entrance is at the junction of Euston Road and North Gower Street . The southern half of

182-646: A heritage asset legally protected) is called 'designation'. Several different terms are used because the processes use separate legislation: buildings are 'listed'; ancient monuments are 'scheduled', wrecks are 'protected', and battlefields, gardens and parks are 'registered'. A heritage asset is a part of the historic environment that is valued because of its historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic interest. Only some of these are judged to be important enough to have extra legal protection through designation. Buildings that are not formally listed but still judged as being of heritage interest can still be regarded as

273-436: A material consideration in the planning process. As a very rough guide, listed buildings are structures considered of special architectural and historical importance. Ancient monuments are of 'national importance' containing evidential values, and can on many occasions also relate to below ground or unoccupied sites and buildings. Almost anything can be listed. Buildings and structures of special historic interest come in

364-561: A borough-wide speed limit of 20 miles per hour (32 km/h), as of 2022, this was expanded to Transport for London red routes . This is to make roads safer for cyclists and pedestrians. 51°32′N 0°10′W  /  51.533°N 0.167°W  / 51.533; -0.167 Listed building In the United Kingdom , a listed building is a structure of particular architectural or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of

455-661: A building. Listed building consent must be obtained from local authorities before any alteration to a listed structure. There are about 8,500 listed buildings in Northern Ireland, divided into four grades, defined as follows: In Scotland, listing was begun by a provision in the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1947, and the current legislative basis for listing is the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 . As with other matters regarding planning, conservation

546-479: A characteristic of Camden's children's health services. Her insider's view was corroboration – in addition to the 2001 "Inequalities" report by Director of Public Health Maggie Barker of "stark contrasts in" health and education opportunities – of earlier similar Audit Commission findings and a verification/update of the 1999 CNJ report. The following table shows the ethnic demographics in Camden. The following shows

637-463: A commitment to sharing the understanding of the historic environment and more openness in the process of designation. In 2008, a draft Heritage Protection Bill was subject to pre-legislative scrutiny before its passage through UK Parliament. The legislation was abandoned despite strong cross-party support, to make room in the parliamentary legislative programme for measures to deal with the credit crunch, though it may be revived in future. The proposal

728-404: A group that is—for example, all the buildings in a square. This is called 'group value'. Sometimes large areas comprising many buildings may not justify listing but receive the looser protection of designation as a conservation area . The specific criteria include: The state of repair of a building is not generally deemed to be a relevant consideration for listing. Additionally: Although

819-451: A list of locally listed buildings as separate to the statutory list (and in addition to it). There is no statutory protection of a building or object on the local list but many receive a degree of protection from loss through being in a Conservation Area or through planning policy. Councils hope that owners will recognise the merits of their properties and keep them unaltered if at all possible. Listing began later in Northern Ireland than in

910-403: A listed building is a criminal offence and owners can be prosecuted. A planning authority can also insist that all work undertaken without consent be reversed at the owner's expense. See also Category:Grade II* listed buildings for examples of such buildings across England and Wales. See also Category:Grade II listed buildings for examples of such buildings across England and Wales. It

1001-687: A listed structure. Applications for consent are made on a form obtained from Historic Environment Scotland. After consulting the local planning authority, the owner, where possible, and an independent third party, Historic Environment Scotland makes a recommendation on behalf of the Scottish Ministers. The scheme for classifying buildings is: There are about 47,400 listed buildings in Scotland. Of these, around 8 percent (some 3,800) are Category A, 50 percent are Category B, and 42 percent are listed at Category C. Although

SECTION 10

#1732772079513

1092-769: A major regeneration of the area has occurred with the King's Cross Central development happening behind the station. London Overground 's North London Line services run through the borough serving Camden Road , Kentish Town West , Gospel Oak , Hampstead Heath , Finchley Road & Frognal and West Hampstead . London Overground also operates the Watford DC Line services from Euston serving South Hampstead , trains continue to Watford in Hertfordshire . Thameslink route services serve St Pancras , Kentish Town and West Hampstead Thameslink stations. Currently

1183-424: A much larger presence of British Transport Police (BTP) than many other London boroughs. BTP are responsible for policing Great Britain's railway network. The area has three fire stations: Euston, Kentish Town and West Hampstead and they are operated by London Fire Brigade in the borough of Camden. None of these fire stations are home to any specialist units; only pumping appliances and a rescue tender. Camden

1274-558: A non-statutory basis. Although a limited number of 'ancient monuments' were given protection under the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882 , there was reluctance to restrict the owners of occupied buildings in their actions related to their property. The extensive damage to buildings caused by German bombing during World War II prompted efforts to list and protect buildings that were deemed to be of particular architectural merit. Three hundred members of

1365-622: A population of 210,136. Politically, its local authority is Camden London Borough Council . The area of the modern borough had historically been part of the county of Middlesex . From 1856 the area was governed by the Metropolitan Board of Works , which was established to provide services across the metropolis of London. In 1889 the Metropolitan Board of Works' area was made the County of London . From 1856 until 1900

1456-532: A process of reform, including a review of the criteria used for listing buildings. A Review of Heritage Policy in 2006 was criticised, and the Government began a process of consultation on changes to Planning Policy Guidance 15 , relating to the principles of selection for listing buildings in England. The government's White Paper "Heritage Protection for the 21st Century", published on 8 March 2007, offered

1547-519: A provision in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947 covering England and Wales, and the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1947 covering Scotland. Listing was first introduced into Northern Ireland under the Planning (Northern Ireland) Order 1972. The listing process has since developed slightly differently in each part of the UK. The process of protecting the built historic environment (i.e. getting

1638-557: A single document, the National Planning Policy Framework . A consultation draft of this was published on 25 July 2011 and the final version on 27 March 2012. This became a material consideration in planning matters on publication. It has since been revised in 2018, 2019 and 2021. The Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission in England and Cadw in Wales list buildings under three grades, with Grade I being

1729-618: A wide variety of forms and types, ranging from telephone boxes and road signs, to castles. Historic England has created twenty broad categories of structures, and published selection guides for each one to aid with assessing buildings and structures. These include historical overviews and describe the special considerations for listing each category. However, in 2020, the Supreme Court ruled in Dill v Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government and another that buildings in

1820-593: Is a borough in Inner London , England. Camden Town Hall, on Euston Road, lies 1.4 mi (2.3 km) north of Charing Cross . The borough was established on 1 April 1965 from the former metropolitan boroughs of Holborn , St Pancras and Hampstead . To the south it shares with the City of Westminster parts of the West End , where it also borders the City of London . The cultural and commercial land uses in

1911-470: Is a pleasant green space where rail travellers and local workers can relax. The two lodges are the only survivors of the formal 1870 layout to Euston Station, along with the statue of the railway engineer Robert Stephenson which originally stood between them and is now located in the station forecourt. More recently, the west side of the gardens has been repurposed to enable the HS2 construction project. In 2021

SECTION 20

#1732772079513

2002-802: Is a power devolved to the Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Government . The authority for listing rests with Historic Environment Scotland (formerly Historic Scotland ), an executive agency of the Scottish Government, which inherited this role from the Scottish Development Department in 1991. The listing system is administered by Historic Environment Scotland on behalf of the Scottish Ministers. Listed building consent must be obtained from local authorities before any alteration to

2093-471: Is intended to terminate at Euston Station. The proposed Crossrail 2 line, (originally referred to as the Chelsea–Hackney line) would serve Euston and Tottenham Court Road underground stations. The increase in passengers at Euston as a result of the proposed High Speed 2 services is a major driver of the proposals. The formerly proposed Cross River Tram was going to start in the borough of Camden but

2184-441: Is not unusual for historic sites, particularly large sites, to contain buildings with multiple, sometimes varying, designations. For example, Derwent Valley Mills , a World Heritage Site contains 838 listed buildings, made up of 16 listed at Grade I, 42 at Grade II* and 780 at Grade II. A further nine structures are Scheduled monuments . Many councils, for example, Birmingham City Council and Crawley Borough Council , maintain

2275-509: Is policed by the Metropolitan Police Service . There are two police stations across the borough, situated at Holborn and Kentish Town . There are various other contact points around the borough including West Hampstead, Greenland Road, Highgate Road, Station House (Swiss Cottage), West End Lane , Hampstead Town Hall and Kingsway College. All locations have varying opening hours with Kentish Town Police Station open to

2366-552: Is possible but is rare. One example is Anmer Hall in Norfolk, which was listed in 1984 and de-listed in 1988. In an emergency, the local planning authority can serve a temporary " Building Preservation Notice " (BPN), if a building is in danger of demolition or alteration in such a way that might affect its historic character. This remains in force for six months until the Secretary of State decides whether or not to formally list

2457-448: Is provided for some buildings in current use for worship, but only in cases where the relevant religious organisation operates its own equivalent permissions procedure. Owners of listed buildings are, in some circumstances, compelled to repair and maintain them and can face criminal prosecution if they fail to do so or if they perform unauthorised alterations. When alterations are permitted, or when listed buildings are repaired or maintained,

2548-471: Is served by 18 London Underground stations and 8 of the 11 lines. The three major rail termini are served by two underground stations, Euston and the combined King's Cross St Pancras station. Between them, the termini are served by the Circle , Hammersmith & City , Metropolitan , Northern , Piccadilly and Victoria lines. The Central and Jubilee lines serve other parts of the borough, as does

2639-490: Is the home of the British Library . In addition, Camden has numerous libraries which include: As well as a number of community libraries including Keats community library. There are no motorways in the borough, and few stretches of dual carriageway road, but the borough has great strategic transport significance to London, due to presence of three of the capital's most important rail termini, which are lined up along

2730-571: Is the local education authority for the borough, organised through the Children, Schools and Families directorate. Some of London's best universities and teaching institutions are located in the Borough of Camden. They include the main campus of University College London , part of the campus of the London School of Economics near Lincoln's Inn Fields, and Central Saint Martins . Camden

2821-466: The Abercrombie Plan for London (1944). As industry declined during the 1970s the population continued to decline, falling to 161,100 at the start of the 1980s. It has now begun to rise again with new housing developments on brownfield sites and the release of railway and gas work lands around Kings Cross . A 2017 study found that the eviction rate of 6 per 1,000 renting households in Camden is

Euston Square - Misplaced Pages Continue

2912-540: The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) to deliver the government policy on the protection to historic buildings and other heritage assets. The decision about whether or not to list a building is made by the Secretary of State, although the process is administered in England by Historic England . The listed building system in Wales formerly also operated under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, as in England, until this

3003-492: The Elizabeth line . As well as the two major termini stations, the borough's other stations are: Euston Square , Warren Street , Goodge Street , Tottenham Court Road , Holborn , Russell Square , Chancery Lane , Mornington Crescent , Camden Town , Chalk Farm , Belsize Park , Hampstead , West Hampstead , Finchley Road , Swiss Cottage and Kentish Town . The proposed High Speed 2 railway line to northern England

3094-512: The Euston Road . The position of the railway termini on Euston Road, rather than in a more central position further south, is a result of the influential recommendations of the 1846 Royal Commission on Metropolitan Railway Termini that sought to protect the West End districts a short distance south of the road. Three of the fourteen central London's railway terminals are located in the borough. Euston , St Pancras and Kings Cross are

3185-500: The London County Council . As a result, half the area of the square was lost. During World War II, much of the southern side of Euston Road between Gower Street and Gordon Street was destroyed by bombing. In the 1960s, in conjunction with the construction of an underpass at the junction of Euston Road and Tottenham Court Road , Euston Road was widened. The north side of the square was substantially redeveloped, and

3276-578: The Metropolitan Borough of Hampstead , the Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras (each covering the parish of the same name) and the Metropolitan Borough of Holborn , covering the combined area of the former St Giles District and Holborn District (subject to some boundary adjustments with neighbours on its south-eastern edges). The London borough of Camden was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 . It covered

3367-701: The Royal Institute of British Architects and the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings were dispatched to prepare the list under the supervision of the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments, with funding from the Treasury. The listings were used as a means to determine whether a particular building should be rebuilt if it was damaged by bombing, with varying degrees of success. In Scotland,

3458-468: The main line station was rebuilt with a formal layout, and two Portland stone classical style entrance lodges were erected on Euston Road to frame the approach to the portico of the main station entrance, known as the Euston Arch . In 1877 or 1878, no. 4 Euston Square was the site of a murder that became popularly known as the " Euston Square Murder " after the body of Matilda Hacker was found in

3549-558: The 2008 draft legislation was abandoned, Historic England (then part of English Heritage) published a single list of all designated heritage assets within England in 2011. The National Heritage List for England is an online searchable database which includes 400,000 English Listings, this includes individual listed buildings, groups of multiple listed buildings which share the same listing, scheduled monuments, registered parks and gardens, protected historic wrecks and registered battlefields and World Heritage Sites in one place. The 400,000 in

3640-763: The DCLG published Planning Policy Statement 5 , "Planning for the Historic Environment". This replaced PPG15 and set out the government's national policies on the conservation of the historic environment in England. PPS5 was supported by a Practice Guide, endorsed by the DCLG, the DCMS, and English Heritage, which explained how to apply the policies stated in PPS5. In December 2010, the Department for Communities and Local Government announced that in England all PPSs and Planning Policy Guidance Notes would be replaced by

3731-665: The Firestone demolition, the Secretary of State for the Environment , Michael Heseltine , also initiated a complete re-survey of buildings to ensure that everything that merited preservation was on the lists. In England, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) works with Historic England (an agency of the DCMS), and other government departments, e.g. Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) and

Euston Square - Misplaced Pages Continue

3822-519: The Government's Heritage Protection Reform (HPR) report in July 2003 by the DCMS, entitled "Protecting our historic environment: Making the system work better", asked questions about how the current designation systems could be improved. The HPR decision report "Review of Heritage Protection: The Way Forward", a green paper published in June 2004 by the DCMS, committed the UK government and English Heritage to

3913-679: The London termini for the West Coast , Midland and East Coast Main Lines and also High Speed 1 . This connects the borough with the East of England , East Midlands , West Midlands , North East & West England, North Wales, Scotland, South East England , France , Belgium and the Netherlands . Since 14 November 2007 when St Pancras International became the new terminus of Eurostar ,

4004-677: The N1, N6, N7, N19, NW1, NW2, NW3, NW5, NW6, NW8, EC1, WC1, WC2, W1 and W9 postcode areas. For planning policy purposes, the London Plan places Camden in the 'Central London' group of boroughs. The local authority is Camden Council, which meets at Camden Town Hall (formerly St Pancras Town Hall) in Judd Street in St Pancras , and has its headquarters at 5 Panrcas Square. Borough councillors are elected every four years. Since May 2022

4095-568: The New Road with the creation of Euston Square, named after Euston Hall in Suffolk, the ancestral home of the Dukes of Grafton , the main landowners in the area during the mid-19th century. Gardens were laid out on the north and south sides of the New Road, with houses at its edges. Euston station became London’s first inter-city railway station when it opened on 20 July 1837 on land adjacent to

4186-550: The Planning and Development Act 2000, although the statutory term in Ireland is " protected structure ". A listed building may not be demolished, extended, or altered without permission from the local planning authority, which typically consults the relevant central government agency. In England and Wales , a national amenity society must be notified of any work to be done on a listed building which involves any element of demolition. Exemption from secular listed building control

4277-711: The Thameslink network is undergoing a major expansion project called the Thameslink Programme . This will link more places in Southern England to the borough and to the East of England. While some services on the Great Northern network, which currently terminate at King's Cross will be diverted onto the Thameslink network, all work is due to be complete by 2016. The London Borough of Camden

4368-510: The Town Clerk, while travelling in a taxi through Camden Town . The name "Fleet" had also been suggested, after the underground river that flowed through the three boroughs, but that was rejected as the river was little more than a sewer. Other suggestions included "Penhamborn", 'Bornhamcras" and "Hohampion". Government guidelines for the naming of the new boroughs suggested that the chosen name should be short and simple, and ideally one that

4459-696: The UK's architectural heritage; England alone has 14,500 listed places of worship (4,000 Grade I, 4,500 Grade II* and 6,000 Grade II) and 45% of all Grade I listed buildings are places of worship. Some of the listed churches are no longer in use; between 1969 and 2010, some 1,795 churches were closed by the Church of England , equalling roughly 11% of the stock, with about a third listed as Grade I or Grade II. The criteria for listing include architectural interest, historic interest and close historical associations with significant people or events. Buildings not individually noteworthy may still be listed if they form part of

4550-496: The United Kingdom . In 1801, the civil parishes that form the modern borough were already developed and had a total population of 96,795. This continued to rise swiftly throughout the 19th century as the district became built up, reaching 270,197 in the middle of the century. When the railways arrived the rate of population growth slowed, for while many people were drawn in by new employment, others were made homeless by

4641-549: The architectural and historic interest. The Secretary of State, who may seek additional advice from others, then decides whether to list or delist the building. In England, the authority for listing is granted to the Secretary of State by the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 . Listed buildings in danger of decay are listed on the Historic England 'Heritage at Risk' Register . In 1980, there

SECTION 50

#1732772079513

4732-414: The borough of Camden representing the many diverse personalities that have lived there. The area of the old parish and borough of Hampstead in the north-west includes Belsize Park and part of Kilburn . The old parish and borough of St Pancras , which occupies most of the modern borough, includes Camden Town , Kentish Town , Gospel Oak , Somers Town , King's Cross , Chalk Farm , Dartmouth Park ,

4823-557: The building. Until the passing of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013 an application for a Certificate of Immunity from Listing (CoI) could only be made if planning permission was being sought or had been obtained in England. However, the changes brought about by the Act means that now anyone can ask the Secretary of State to issue a Certificate of Immunity in respect of a particular building at any time. In England and Wales,

4914-461: The coal cellar of the house in 1879. She had last been seen in 1877. In 1923 the freehold of the southern part of the square, known as Endsleigh Gardens , came on the market and was bought by the Quakers for building. In return for permission to bring the building line forward by 20 feet (6.1 m), a 30 feet (9.1 m) wide strip of land had to be surrendered for the widening of Euston Road by

5005-488: The combined area of the three metropolitan boroughs of Hampstead, Holborn, and St Pancras, which were all abolished. The initial Herbert Commission report recommended that the new borough consist of St Pancras and Hampstead, but Holborn was later added. According to Enid Wistrich, who was a member of Hampstead Council at the time, the name "Camden" was the idea of Alderman Room, the Leader of Hampstead Council, and Mr Wilson,

5096-433: The core area of Fitzrovia and a part of Highgate . In the south, the old Borough of Holborn was formed from the combined parish of Bloomsbury and St Giles , and most of the parish of Holborn (with the remaining part in the ancient Farringdon Without ward of the City of London ). The economy and land uses of the West End and other southern parts of the borough reflect their more central location. Camden has

5187-407: The decision to list a building may be made on the basis of the architectural or historic interest of one small part of the building, the listing protection nevertheless applies to the whole building. Listing applies not just to the exterior fabric of the building itself, but also to the interior, fixtures, fittings, and objects within the curtilage of the building even if they are not fixed. De-listing

5278-587: The electoral wards in Camden are: Since 2000, Camden forms part of the Barnet and Camden London Assembly constituency, represented by Anne Clarke of the Labour Party. There are two parliamentary constituencies covering Camden: Hampstead and Kilburn in the north, represented by Labour's Tulip Siddiq , and Holborn and St. Pancras in the south, represented by Keir Starmer , the Prime Minister of

5369-810: The four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England , Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland , Cadw in Wales , and the Historic Environment Division of the Department for Communities in Northern Ireland . The classification schemes differ between England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland (see sections below). The term has also been used in the Republic of Ireland , where buildings are protected under

5460-602: The highest grade, as follows: There was formerly a non-statutory Grade III , which was abolished in 1970. Additionally, Grades A, B and C were used mainly for Anglican churches in active use, loosely corresponding to Grades I, II and III. These grades were used mainly before 1977, although a few buildings are still listed using these grades. In 2010, listed buildings accounted for about 2% of English building stock. In March 2010, there were about 374,000 list entries, of which 92% were Grade II, 5.5% were Grade II* and 2.5% were Grade I. Places of worship are an important part of

5551-425: The less densely developed areas of Hampstead , Hampstead Heath and Kentish Town. There are a number of Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Camden . Neighbouring boroughs are the City of Westminster and the City of London to the south, Brent to the west of the originally Roman Watling Street (now the A5 Road) , Barnet and Haringey to the north and Islington to the east. It covers all or part of

SECTION 60

#1732772079513

5642-410: The listing should not be confused with the actual number of listed buildings, which will be much larger than the listing, because a listing can include more than one building that share the same listing number. The legislative frameworks for each type of historic asset remains unchanged. A photographic library of English listed buildings was started in 1999 as a snapshot of buildings listed at the turn of

5733-444: The lower tier of local government within the metropolis comprised various parish vestries and district boards . The ancient parishes of Hampstead and St Pancras were each governed by their vestry . The various smaller parishes and territories to the south were grouped into the St Giles District and Holborn District , each governed by a district board. In 1900 the lower tier was reorganised into metropolitan boroughs , including

5824-462: The lowest rate in London. The 2001 census gave Camden a population of 198,000, an undercount that was later revised to 202,600. The latest ONS projection puts the 2019 population at 270,000. On 20 May 1999, the Camden New Journal newspaper documented 'Two Camdens' syndrome as a high-profile phenomenon differentiating the characteristics of education services in its constituencies. In 2006, Dame Julia Neuberger's book reported similar variation as

5915-480: The management of listed buildings is the responsibility of local planning authorities and the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (i.e., not DCMS, which originally listed the building). There is a general principle that listed buildings are put to 'appropriate and viable use' and recognition that this may involve the re-use and modification of the building. However, listed buildings cannot be modified without first obtaining Listed Building Consent through

6006-420: The new central London termini and construction of lines through the district. The population peaked at 376,500 in the 1890s, after which official efforts began to clear the overcrowded slums around St Pancras and Holborn . After World War II , further suburban public housing was built to rehouse the many Londoners made homeless in the Blitz , and there was an exodus from London towards the new towns under

6097-415: The north and north-west, thus avoiding the congested east–west route via Oxford Street and High Holborn . The road was built to a minimum width of 60 feet (18 m), and very rapidly. It was also intended to halt the “ruinous rage for building” on the north side of central London by the Bedford , Portman and Fitzroy Estates, amongst others. In the 1810s the northward expansion of Bloomsbury reached

6188-412: The north side of Euston Square. The London and Birmingham Railway company was denied the legal right to press further into the city and the line halted at the edge of the Southampton Estate, two blocks north of Euston Square. Gower Street station was opened in 1863 by the Metropolitan Railway (MR), the world's first underground railway, and was renamed “ Euston Square ” tube station in 1909. In 1870

6279-411: The old mainline station building was demolished and replaced with the present building. The north side of the square is occupied by Euston Bus Station, opened in 1979 in front of Euston Station. The London and North Western Railway War Memorial forms the roundabout in front of the bus station. The residential character of the old Euston Square has largely vanished, and the vicinity is now dominated by

6370-558: The owners are often required to use specific materials or techniques. Although most sites appearing on the lists are buildings, other structures such as bridges, monuments, sculptures, war memorials, milestones and mileposts , and the Abbey Road zebra crossing made famous by the Beatles , are also listed. Ancient, military, and uninhabited structures, such as Stonehenge , are sometimes instead classified as scheduled monuments and are protected by separate legislation. Cultural landscapes such as parks and gardens are currently "listed" on

6461-401: The process slightly predated the war with the Marquess of Bute (in his connections to the National Trust for Scotland ) commissioning the architect Ian Lindsay in September 1936 to survey 103 towns and villages based on an Amsterdam model using three categories (A, B and C). The basis of the current more comprehensive listing process was developed from the wartime system. It was enacted by

6552-636: The public on a 24-hour basis. Hampstead Heath , situated within the London Borough of Camden and managed by the City of London Corporation , has its own Constabulary who deal with everyday incidents on the Heath, however, all serious criminal offences are passed to the Metropolitan Police to investigate. With a large London Underground network and major railway stations such as King's Cross , St Pancras and Euston , Camden also has

6643-539: The relevant local planning authority. In Wales, applications are made using a form obtained from the relevant local authority. There is no provision for consent to be granted in outline. When a local authority is disposed to grant listed building consent, it must first notify the Welsh Parliament ( i.e. Cadw ) of the application. If the planning authority decides to refuse consent, it may do so without any reference to Cadw. Carrying out unauthorised works to

6734-489: The religious identity of residents residing in Camden according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses. London is well known for its greenery and the Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Camden make an important contribution to this. Hampstead Heath is well known for its view over London, notably from Parliament Hill, its wild nature and its Hampstead Heath Ponds . Camden shares Regents Park with Westminster and

6825-571: The responsibility for the listing process rests with the Historic Environment Division of the Department for Communities , which took over the built heritage functions of the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (formerly the Environment and Heritage Service) following the break up of the Department of the Environment. Following the introduction of listing, an initial survey of Northern Ireland's building stock

6916-579: The rest of the UK: the first provision for listing was contained in the Planning (Northern Ireland) Order 1972; and the current legislative basis for listing is the Planning (Northern Ireland) Order 1991. Under Article 42 of the Order, the relevant Department of the Northern Ireland Executive is required to compile lists of buildings of "special architectural or historic interest". Since 2016,

7007-456: The scheme must meet certain criteria – "a three-fold test which involved considering size, permanence and degree of physical attachment" – referred to as the Skerritts test in reference to a previous legal case in England. Both Historic Environment Scotland and Cadw produce guidance for owners. In England, to have a building considered for listing or delisting, the process is to apply to

7098-413: The secretary of state; this can be done by submitting an application form online to Historic England . The applicant does not need to be the owner of the building to apply for it to be listed. Full information including application form guidance notes are on the Historic England website. Historic England assesses buildings put forward for listing or delisting and provides advice to the Secretary of State on

7189-515: The seventh largest economy in the UK with a number of major companies headquartered in the borough; Google is in the process of completing a major headquarter building in King's Cross. Camden Town Brewery is among the newer businesses that have thrived in the borough. In the far south of the borough, Lincoln's Inn Fields is within 500 metres of the Thames. The northern part of the borough includes

7280-529: The south contrast with the bustling mixed-use districts such as Camden Town and Kentish Town in the centre and leafy residential areas around Hampstead Heath in the north. Well known attractions include The British Museum , The British Library , the famous views from Parliament Hill , the London Zoo , the BT Tower , the converted Roundhouse entertainment venue, and Camden Market . As of 2021 it has

7371-465: The square was built over in the 1920s, leaving Euston Square Gardens on the north side in front of Euston station. Euston Road forms a section of the New Road , which was constructed in the 1750s as a turnpike trust toll road. The road was intended initially as a drovers' road , a route along which to drive cattle and sheep, to the live meat market at Smithfield from roads approaching London from

7462-768: The stone facades of commercial and institutional premises, notably the Grade II* listed no. 30 on the west side occupied by the Royal College of General Practitioners , the Grade II listed Friends House on the south side which is home to the central offices of the Religious Society of Friends (the Quakers) in Britain , and on the east side the Grade II* listed Euston Fire Station . Euston Square Gardens

7553-521: The views from Primrose Hill are famous. The Borough of Camden is home to a large number of primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. Over recent years, a number of significant institutions have moved into the borough or are planning to do so. The included Central Saint Martins , the Francis Crick Institute , as well as the planned move by Moorfields Eye Hospital , recently unveiled as Project Oriel. The London Borough of Camden

7644-752: The west garden’s London planes were felled so that the station’s taxi rank could be relocated above ground. The rank is due to move to the Eastern Gardens in April 2023 and the Western Gardens will become a work site. London Borough of Camden Council, working with TfL and Network Rail, are agreeing a site restoration scheme with HS2 that will result in an enhanced Euston Square Garden. Historic England listed building entries for Euston Square: London Borough of Camden The London Borough of Camden ( / ˈ k æ m d ə n / )

7735-564: Was begun in 1974. By the time of the completion of this First Survey in 1994, the listing process had developed considerably, and it was therefore decided to embark upon a Second Survey, which is still ongoing, to update and cross-check the original information. Information gathered during this survey, relating to both listed and unlisted buildings, is entered into the publicly accessible Northern Ireland Buildings Database. A range of listing criteria, which aim to define architectural and historic interest, are used to determine whether or not to list

7826-472: Was generally associated with the centre of the new Borough. The name "Camden" met those criteria. The name "Camden Town" was derived from Camden Place, the seat of Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden who had owned and developed land in the area in the 1790s. The transcribed diaries of William Copeland Astbury, recently made available, describe Camden and the surrounding areas in great detail from 1829 to 1848. There are 162 English Heritage blue plaques in

7917-490: Was public outcry at the sudden destruction of the art deco Firestone Tyre Factory ( Wallis, Gilbert and Partners , 1928–29). It was demolished over the August bank holiday weekend by its owners Trafalgar House , who had been told that it was likely to be 'spot-listed' a few days later. In response, the government undertook to review arrangements for listing buildings in order to protect worthy ones from such demolition. After

8008-507: Was replaced in 2024 with Wales-specific heritage legislation. In Wales, the authority for listing is granted to the Welsh Ministers by section 76 of the Historic Environment (Wales) Act 2023, although the listing system is in practice administered by Cadw . There have been several attempts to simplify the heritage planning process for listed buildings in England. As of 2021, few changes had been implemented. The review process

8099-756: Was scrapped by the former Mayor of London Boris Johnson in 2008. All bus services are operated by Transport for London . Buses serve every suburb in the borough. The 2011 census found that the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light rail, tram, 21.5% of all residents aged 16–74; on foot, 9.2%; bus, minibus or coach, 9.2%; driving a car or van, 6.3%; work mainly at or from home, 5.2%; train, 4.1%; bicycle, 4.1%. The census also found that 61% of households had no car, 32% had one car and 7% of households had 2 or more cars. There were an estimated 46,000 cars belonging to Camden residents. "Camden Borough Profile" (PDF) . From 16 December 2013, Camden Council introduced

8190-572: Was started in February 2000 by Alan Howarth , then minister at the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). The outcome was the paper "Power of Place" in December 2000, followed by the subsequent policy document "The Historic Environment: A Force for Our Future", published by the DCMS and the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DTLR) in December 2001. The launch of

8281-696: Was that the existing registers of buildings, parks and gardens, archaeology and battlefields, maritime wrecks, and World Heritage Sites be merged into a single online register that will "explain what is special and why". English Heritage would become directly responsible for identifying historic assets in England and there would be wider consultation with the public and asset owners, and new rights of appeal. There would have been streamlined systems for granting consent for work on historic assets. After several years of consultation with heritage groups, charities, local planning authorities, and English Heritage, in March 2010,

#512487