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97-681: The Excelsior Power Company Building is a residential building at 33–43 Gold Street in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City . It was designed in the Romanesque Revival style by William C. Gunnell and built by Robert L. Darragh. Completed in 1889, it is Manhattan's oldest known remaining building erected specifically for commercial power generation. The Excelsior Power Company Building faces Gold Street and consists of seven full stories. The building

194-612: A Con Edison plant. With mass transit in New York City already suspended as a precaution even before the storm hit, the New York Stock Exchange and other financial exchanges were closed for two days, re-opening on October 31. From 2013 to 2021, nearly two hundred buildings in the Financial District were converted to residential use. Furthermore, between 2001 and 2021, the proportion of companies in

291-485: A direct current system. According to accounts published in 1888, the plant originally contained six boilers as well as a high-pressure engine rated at 350 horsepower (260 kW). A 14-foot-diameter (4.3 m) flywheel and a 30-inch-wide (76 cm) belt transmitted the power to seven generating dynamos of 50 horsepower (37 kW) each, made by the Daft Electric Light Company . Power from

388-601: A powerful bomb exploded . It killed 38 and seriously injured 143 people. The area was subjected to numerous threats; one bomb threat in 1921 led to detectives sealing off the area to "prevent a repetition of the Wall Street bomb explosion". During most of the 20th century, the Financial District was a business community with practically only offices which emptied out at night. Writing in The Death and Life of Great American Cities in 1961, urbanist Jane Jacobs described

485-581: A "deathlike stillness that settles on the district after 5:30 and all day Saturday and Sunday". But there has been a change towards greater residential use of the area, pushed forwards by technological changes and shifting market conditions. The general pattern is for several hundred thousand workers to commute into the area during the day, sometimes by sharing a taxicab from other parts of the city as well as from New Jersey and Long Island , and then leave at night. In 1970 only 833 people lived "south of Chambers Street"; by 1990, 13,782 people were residents with

582-638: A 197-unit apartment complex, with units ranging from studios to three-bedroom apartments. The renovations were overseen by Wechsler, Grasso & Menziuso. By 1979, a writer for the New York Daily News observed that the Excelsior Power Company Building had been 70% rented. In late 2015, the LPC hosted a public hearing on whether to designate the Excelsior Power Company Building as a city landmark; most comments supported

679-479: A downturn with a sizable drop in year-end bonuses of $ 6.5 billion, according to one estimate from a state comptroller's office. To guard against a vehicular bombing in the area, authorities built concrete barriers, and found ways over time to make them more aesthetically appealing by spending $ 5000 to $ 8000 apiece on bollards . Several streets in the neighborhood, including Wall and Broad Streets, were blocked off by specially designed bollards: Rogers Marvel designed

776-567: A feature on the entrance of churches in France and Spain during the Reconquest . They are believed to have evolved as a compressed version of the nave of a church, the moldings of the layered arches depicting a theological journey from outside the church to the sacred atmosphere inside it. The use of stone sculpture on the outside of churches was first widely seen in the eleventh century. The later utilisation of these mouldings and sculptures

873-424: A fifth of buildings and warehouses were empty, and many were converted to living areas. Some conversions met with problems, such as aging gargoyles on building exteriors having to be expensively restored to meet with current building codes. Residents in the area have sought to have a supermarket, a movie theater, a pharmacy, more schools, and a "good diner". The discount retailer named Job Lot used to be located at

970-411: A four-story power plant on the southern third of the current site, which would cost $ 150,000 (equivalent to $ 4,735,862 in 2023). The only parts of the plant to have been completed were the first two stories and part of the basement. By June 1882, American Heating had laid 0.5 miles (0.80 km) of pipe under streets in the Financial District, but within a year, the company's reputation was affected by

1067-744: A lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 86.3% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 1 murder, 23 rapes, 80 robberies, 61 felony assaults, 85 burglaries, 1,085 grand larcenies, and 21 grand larcenies auto in 2018. The Financial District is served by three New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations: As of 2018 , preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Financial District and Lower Manhattan than in other places citywide. In Financial District and Lower Manhattan, there were 77 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 2.2 teenage births per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide), though

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1164-519: A museum visit and discussion of various financiers "who were adept at finding ways around finance laws or loopholes through them". Occasionally artists make impromptu performances; for example, in 2010, a troupe of 22 dancers "contort their bodies and cram themselves into the nooks and crannies of the Financial District in Bodies in Urban Spaces " choreographed by Willi Donner. One chief attraction,

1261-473: A neighborhood, a community." During the past two decades there has been a shift towards greater residential living areas in the Financial District, with incentives from city authorities in some instances. Many empty office buildings have been converted to lofts and apartments; for example, the Liberty Tower , the office building of oil magnate Harry Sinclair , was converted to a co-op in 1979. In 1996,

1358-566: A new kind of bollard, a faceted piece of sculpture whose broad, slanting surfaces offer people a place to sit in contrast to the typical bollard, which is supremely unsittable. The bollard, which is called the Nogo, looks a bit like one of Frank Gehry's unorthodox culture palaces, but it is hardly insensitive to its surroundings. Its bronze surfaces actually echo the grand doorways of Wall Street's temples of commerce. Pedestrians easily slip through groups of them as they make their way onto Wall Street from

1455-566: A provincial extension of the Dutch Republic and was designated as the capital of the province of New Netherland in 1625. By 1655, the population of New Netherland had grown to 2,000 people, with 1,500 living in New Amsterdam. By 1664, the population of New Netherland had skyrocketed to almost 9,000 people, 2,500 of whom lived in New Amsterdam, 1,000 lived near Fort Orange , and the remainder in other towns and villages. In 1664

1552-429: A residential building. The Excelsior Power Company Building was made a New York City designated landmark in 2016. The Excelsior Power Company Building is located at 33–43 Gold Street in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City , southwest of Fulton Street . Officially, it is part of a larger building spanning the addresses 33–51 Gold Street and 82–88 Fulton Street. The Excelsior Power Company Building

1649-653: A second estimate (based on the 2000 census based on a different map) places the residential population in 2000 at 12,042. By 2001 there were several grocery stores, dry cleaners, and two grade schools and a top high school. In 2001, the Big Board , as some termed the NYSE, was described as the world's "largest and most prestigious stock market". When the World Trade Center was destroyed on September 11, 2001 , it left an architectural void as new developments since

1746-719: A series of explosions involving American Heating pipes. A receiver took over American Heating's holdings in May 1883, and bondholders bought American Heating's properties, including its Gold Street plant, at an auction held the following year. The plant was held by the Columbian Heating and Power Company from 1884 to 1887. The power plant was purchased by the Excelsior Steam Power Company in October 1887. Excelsior hired Gunnell to design alterations for

1843-428: A shallower central pavilion. The facade uses vertical design elements such as brick piers that project slightly, as well as horizontal design elements such as window sills , arched arcades , and a parapet . The original freight entrance was in the central pavilion and contains a metal sign reading excelsior power co. bldg. , as well as an architectural terracotta plaque reading 1888 a.d. The original entrance

1940-708: A visual landmark for drivers and pedestrians. In some respects, the nexus of the Financial District moved physically from Wall Street to the World Trade Center complex and surrounding buildings such as the Deutsche Bank Building , 90 West Street , and One Liberty Plaza . Real estate growth during the latter part of the 1990s was significant, with deals and new projects happening in the Financial District and elsewhere in Manhattan; one firm invested more than $ 24 billion in various projects, many in

2037-656: Is NewYork-Presbyterian Lower Manhattan Hospital in the Civic Center area. Archivolts The word originates in the Italian (or French) equivalents of the English words arch and vault . Archivolts are usually found as a part of a church portals, on the underside of the arches above the tympanum , bracketing the lintel and ending on the jamb columns, each archway usually has several layered archivolts. While this basic structure and placement of archivolts

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2134-406: Is 0.0096 mg/m (9.6 × 10  oz/cu ft), more than the city average. Sixteen percent of Financial District and Lower Manhattan residents are smokers , which is more than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Financial District and Lower Manhattan, 4% of residents are obese , 3% are diabetic , and 15% have high blood pressure , the lowest rates in the city—compared to

2231-584: Is a major location of tourism in New York City . One report described Lower Manhattan as "swarming with camera-carrying tourists". Tour guides highlight places such as Trinity Church , the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Building gold vaults 80 feet below street level (worth $ 100 billion), and the New York Stock Exchange Building . A Scoundrels of Wall Street Tour is a walking historical tour which includes

2328-521: Is depicted by Calvin Kendall, “[Church Portals] concerned themselves with the spiritual well-being of worshippers , and they served to create and delineate sacred space.” The use of portals and the mouldings on their archivolts as a separation between the outside public domain and the holy space inside a church was an innovative idea to communicate knowledge about the church and theology observed inside. As demonstrated by Rudolph Conrad, this evolution in

2425-468: Is generally rooted in the Gilded Age , though there are also some art deco influences in the neighborhood. The area is distinguished by narrow streets, a steep topography, and high-rises Construction in such narrow steep areas has resulted in occasional accidents such as a crane collapse. One report divided lower Manhattan into three basic districts: Federal Hall National Memorial , on the site of

2522-691: Is now a 1,776 ft (541 m) tall structure, opened in 2014 as the One World Trade Center . Fulton Center , a new transit complex intended to improve access to the area, opened in 2014, followed by the World Trade Center Transportation Hub in 2016. Additionally, in 2007, the Maharishi Global Financial Capital of New York opened headquarters at 70 Broad Street near the NYSE, in an effort to seek investors. By

2619-938: Is the locus for a large amount of technology and data. For example, to accommodate the three thousand persons who work directly on the Exchange floor requires 3,500 kilowatts of electricity, along with 8,000 phone circuits on the trading floor alone, and 200 miles of fiber-optic cable below ground. Buildings in the Financial District can have one of several types of official landmark designations: The following landmarks are situated south of Morris Street and west of Whitehall Street/Broadway: The following landmarks are located west of Broadway between Morris and Barclay Streets: The following landmarks are located south of Wall Street and east of Broadway/Whitehall Street: The following landmarks are located east of Broadway between Wall Street and Maiden Lane: The following landmarks are located east of Broadway and Park Row between Maiden Lane and

2716-564: Is topped by a tower with one-story additions to the north and south. The round arches contain ornate detailing. Other features of the building included a base with architectural terracotta decoration, as well as a sign with the Excelsior Power Company's name at the front of the building. The earliest section of the Excelsior Power Company Building was erected for the American Heating and Power Company in 1882, on

2813-402: Is used to direct people’s eyes above, to heaven , a constant reminder of the presence of God and an encouragement to focus on the sacred and heavenly aspects of life, and not the earthly ones. The Saint-Denis Cathedral is a French cathedral, known as one of the founding examples of Gothic Christian architecture, it was designed by Abbott Suger in the twelfth century and constructed during

2910-631: Is usually present, the specific artistic features of archivolts change frequently as a result of when and where they were designed and what kind of church they are a feature of. The shape of the arch is an example of this, in Gothic portals a pointed archway is iconic, while in Romanesque portals a rounded archway is to be expected. These rounded and pointed features are also seen inside the church, where Gothic churches have pointed vaults, and Romanesque churches have rounded ones. Archivolts first became

3007-456: Is well-suited for tall buildings, with a solid mass of bedrock underneath Manhattan providing a firm foundation for tall buildings. Skyscrapers are expensive to build, but the scarcity of land in the Financial District made it suitable for the construction of skyscrapers. Business writer John Brooks in his book Once in Golconda considered the start of the 20th century period to have been

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3104-538: The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 , a grid plan that dictates the placement of most of Manhattan's streets north of Houston Street . Thus, it has small streets "barely wide enough for a single lane of traffic are bordered on both sides by some of the tallest buildings in the city", according to one description, which creates "breathtaking artificial canyons". Some streets have been designated as pedestrian-only with vehicular traffic prohibited. The Financial District

3201-411: The 1970s had played off the complex aesthetically. The attacks "crippled" the communications network. One estimate was that 45% of the neighborhood's "best office space" had been lost. The physical destruction was immense: Debris littered some streets of the financial district. National Guard members in camouflage uniforms manned checkpoints. Abandoned coffee carts, glazed with dust from the collapse of

3298-478: The 20,088 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 479.77 acres (194.16 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 82.7/acre (52,900/sq mi; 20,400/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 65.4% (25,965) White , 3.2% (1,288) African American , 0.1% (35) Native American , 20.2% (8,016) Asian , 0.0% (17) Pacific Islander , 0.4% (153) from other races , and 3.0% (1,170) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.7% (3,055) of

3395-561: The 2010s, the Financial District had become established as a residential and commercial neighborhood. Several new skyscrapers such as 125 Greenwich Street and 130 William were being developed, while other structures such as 1 Wall Street , the Equitable Building , and the Woolworth Building were extensively renovated. Additionally, there were more signs of dogwalkers at night and a 24-hour neighborhood, although

3492-684: The American Indian , Trinity Church , St. Paul's Chapel , and the famous bull . Bowling Green is the starting point of traditional ticker-tape parades on Broadway , where here it is also known as the Canyon of Heroes . The Museum of Jewish Heritage and the Skyscraper Museum are both in adjacent Battery Park City which is also home to the Brookfield Place (formerly World Financial Center). Another key anchor for

3589-473: The Battery. The Bowling Green area was described as "Wall Street's back yard " with poor people, high infant mortality rates, and the "worst housing conditions in the city". As a result of the construction, looking at New York City from the east, one can see two distinct clumps of tall buildings—the Financial District on the left, and the taller Midtown neighborhood on the right. The geology of Manhattan

3686-610: The Brooklyn Bridge: The following landmarks apply to multiple distinct areas: What is now the Financial District was once part of New Amsterdam , situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan. New Amsterdam was derived from Fort Amsterdam , meant to defend the fur trade operations of the Dutch West India Company in the North River ( Hudson River ). In 1624, it became

3783-597: The English took over New Amsterdam and renamed it New York City. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the corporate culture of New York was a primary center for the construction of early skyscrapers , and was rivaled only by Chicago on the American continent. There were also residential sections, such as the Bowling Green section between Broadway and the Hudson River , and between Vesey Street and

3880-599: The Federal Reserve, paid $ 750,000 to open a visitors' gallery in 1997. The New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange also spent money in the late 1990s to upgrade facilities for visitors. Attractions include the gold vault beneath the Federal Reserve and that "staring down at the trading floor was as exciting as going to the Statue of Liberty ". The Financial District's architecture

3977-519: The Financial District to more affordable locations. The recession of 1990–91 was marked by office vacancy rates downtown which were "persistently high" and with some buildings "standing empty". In 1995, city authorities offered the Lower Manhattan Revitalization Plan which offered incentives to convert commercial properties to residential use. According to one description in 1996, "The area dies at night ... It needs

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4074-648: The Financial District, including the New York Mercantile Exchange , NASDAQ , the New York Board of Trade , and the former American Stock Exchange . The Financial District is part of Manhattan Community District 1 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 10004, 10005, 10006, 10007, and 10038. It is patrolled by the 1st Precinct of the New York City Police Department . The Financial District encompasses roughly

4171-545: The Gold Street substation by 1961, when it bought the adjacent six-story building at 82-88 Fulton Street. The building was first considered for landmark status in 1977, though the designation was opposed by the building's owner. Consolidated Edison sold the Excelsior Power Building and the adjacent Fulton Street property in 1978. Thurcon Properties Limited bought the two buildings, converting them into

4268-685: The LPC. The Excelsior Power Company, founded in 1873, had initially operated a commercial boiler near Printing House Square on Spruce Street , which provided steam to the newspaper buildings on Newspaper Row. The American Heating and Power Company, the first power company to build a power plant on the Excelsior site, started laying its steam mains in late 1881. American Heating purchased an irregularly shaped plot on Gold Street west of Fulton Street in January 1882, measuring about 125 by 97 feet (38 by 30 m). That April, William Gunnell submitted plans for

4365-694: The Romanesque style and is densely populated with many different sculptures and mouldings. The artwork on the Vézelay Abbey’s portal depicts messages and figures such as scenes from the Book of Acts, Christ, Apostles and John the Baptist . The sculptures and mouldings on the portal’s archivolts display events of the Pentecost , from the Book of Acts, The peripheral figures of the archivolt compartments and

4462-509: The Saint-Anne archivolts, which was discovered as a result of the slightly varying stylistic features of the archivolts and colour differences in the stone the archivolt is made of. These sculptures on the portal and its archivolts depict specific people that were significant to the church and the community it served, both as religious icons, and figures of societal power at the time of its design, such as King Louis VIII, bishops involved with

4559-602: The United States, which started operating in 1882. Pearl Street Station served the "First District" (bounded clockwise from north by Spruce Street , the East River , Wall Street , and Nassau Street ), so named because of its importance in the history of electric power. The Excelsior Power Company Building, within the First District, is the oldest known surviving power-plant building in Manhattan, according to

4656-517: The Vézelay Abbey claimed that the remains of Mary Magdalene were found there, which made it a site of significant religious importance and consequently it became a popular site for pilgrims . The arrival of pilgrims and the subsequent increased notoriety led to vast renovations, resulting in its complex and grand artistic style. The importance of what is happening at the time of a portal’s construction, as well as its church’s intended audience

4753-640: The Wall Street area. In 1998, the NYSE and the city struck a $ 900 million deal which kept the NYSE from moving across the river to Jersey City ; the deal was described as the "largest in city history to prevent a corporation from leaving town". A competitor to the NYSE, NASDAQ , moved its headquarters from Washington to New York. In 1987, the stock market plunged and, in the relatively brief recession following, lower Manhattan lost 100,000 jobs according to one estimate. Since telecommunications costs were coming down, banks and brokerage firms could move away from

4850-420: The World Trade Center but moved to Church Street; merchants bought extra unsold items at steep prices and sold them as a discount to consumers, and shoppers included "thrifty homemakers and browsing retirees" who "rubbed elbows with City Hall workers and Wall Street executives"; but the firm went bust in 1993. There were reports that the number of residents increased by 60% during the 1990s to about 25,000 although

4947-402: The World Trade Center, lay on their sides across sidewalks. Most subway stations were closed, most lights were still off, most telephones did not work, and only a handful of people walked in the narrow canyons of Wall Street yesterday morning. Still, the NYSE was determined to re-open on September 17, almost a week after the attack. After September 11, the financial services industry went through

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5044-531: The addition of areas such as Battery Park City and Southbridge Towers . Battery Park City was built on 92 acres of landfill, and 3,000 people moved there beginning about 1982, but by 1986 there was evidence of more shops and stores and a park, along with plans for more residential development. Construction of the World Trade Center began in 1966, but the World Trade Center had trouble attracting tenants when completed. Nonetheless, some substantial firms purchased space there. Its impressive height helped make it

5141-646: The ages of 25–44, while 14% are between 0–17, and 18% between 45–64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 11% and 7% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Districts 1 and 2 (including Greenwich Village and SoHo ) was $ 144,878. In 2018, an estimated 9% of Financial District and Lower Manhattan residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty-five residents (4%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or

5238-574: The archivolts of Saint-Denis Cathedral were designed in the very early stages of Gothic architecture, there are still instances of features that characterise Romanesque architecture such as the use of drapery in the sculptures of the portal. Sainte-Anne portal situated on the west facade of the Notre Dame was built in Paris during the twelfth century in honour of Sainte-Anne, Mary ’s Mother and Jesus Christ’s Grandmother. The portal displays some of

5335-406: The area around historic Trinity Church. Cars, however, cannot pass. The destruction of the World Trade Center spurred development on a scale that had not been seen in decades. Tax incentives provided by federal, state and local governments encouraged development. A new World Trade Center complex centered on Daniel Libeskind 's Memory Foundations was after the 9/11 attacks. The centerpiece, which

5432-535: The area is the New York Stock Exchange . City authorities realize its importance, and believed that it has "outgrown its neoclassical temple at the corner of Wall and Broad streets", and in 1998 offered substantial tax incentives to try to keep it in the Financial District. Plans to rebuild it were delayed by the September 11, 2001, attacks. The Exchange still occupies the same site. The Exchange

5529-558: The area south of City Hall Park in Lower Manhattan but excludes Battery Park and Battery Park City . The former World Trade Center complex was located in the neighborhood until the September 11, 2001, attacks ; the neighborhood includes the successor One World Trade Center . The heart of the Financial District is often considered to be the corner of Wall Street and Broad Street , both of which are contained entirely within

5626-420: The area that were in the finance and insurance industries declined from 55 to 30 percent. For census purposes, the New York City government classifies the Financial District as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called Battery Park City-Lower Manhattan. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Battery Park City-Lower Manhattan was 39,699, an increase of 19,611 (97.6%) from

5723-466: The area's heyday. The address of 23 Wall Street , the headquarters of J. P. Morgan & Company , known as The Corner , was "the precise center, geographical as well as metaphorical, of financial America and even of the financial world". On September 16, 1920, close to the corner of Wall and Broad Street , the busiest corner of the Financial District and across the offices of the Morgan Bank ,

5820-510: The beginning of holy space. Romanesque portals and archivolts are most often rounded, as seen in Roman architecture . This was significant to the role of the church as both a building and congregational place as during the medieval Romanesque period most people were not able read, so these sculptures were able to depict important events central to the Christian faith and convey ideologies of

5917-495: The building in 1899, and around the same time, the Excelsior plant was turned into an electrical substation with backup generators. New York Heat itself was acquired in 1898 with a firm colloquially called The Power Company, which in 1901 became part of the New York Edison Company . New York Edison built a 12-foot-tall (3.7 m) penthouse structure atop the roof of the building's southern section in 1902. By

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6014-488: The building, which were submitted to the New York City Department of Buildings the same month. The plans entailed expanding the building to seven stories and adding a basement at a cost of $ 100,000 (equivalent to $ 3,391,111 in 2023). Part of the facade would also be recessed to increase natural light cover on the lower stories, which had been limited by Gold Street's narrowness. This work, encompassing

6111-423: The central pavilion and contains round-arched window openings as well as corbelled piers at its corners. During the 19th century, the site of the Excelsior Power Company Building was close to Manhattan's original diamond district on Maiden Lane to the south, as well as Newspaper Row and printing interests to the west. The site was also close to Pearl Street Station , the first commercial central power plant in

6208-460: The church that the public may have otherwise been unable to understand. Gothic architecture, predominately found between in mid-twelfth century and the sixteenth century was the successor to Romanesque architecture, and is often viewed as the birth of Christian architecture . This is seen in the symbolism of both the artistic and architectural features of Gothic portals and their archivolts. The classic pointed arch of Gothic portals and archivolts

6305-480: The church, Jesus and several members of his family. The Vézelay Abbey was built in France in the ninth century on a hill in the village of Vézelay by Benedictine Monks and became a UNESCO world heritage site in 1979. This classification is due to its well preserved Burgundian Romanesque art and its importance as a religious site to Christians in the Middle Ages. The portal has a rounded arch, classic to

6402-421: The city. By 2010 the residential population had increased to 24,400 residents. and the area was growing with luxury high-end apartments and upscale retailers. On October 29, 2012, New York and New Jersey were inundated by Hurricane Sandy . Its 14-foot-high storm surge, a local record, caused massive street flooding in many parts of Lower Manhattan. Power to the area was knocked out by a transformer explosion at

6499-538: The citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 5% of children are obese, the lowest rate in the city, compared to the citywide average of 20%. Ninety-six percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is more than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 88% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", more than the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Financial District and Lower Manhattan, there are 6 bodegas . The nearest major hospital

6596-411: The designation, but some parties opposed it, including a New York Landmarks Conservancy representative. This was part of a review of 95 listings that had been calendared by the LPC for several decades, but never approved as city landmarks. The LPC had initially considered 28 sites for possible landmark status, but in a February 2016 meeting, added the Excelsior Power Company Building and another building to

6693-453: The different aspects of Jesus Christ’s life, like his Grandparents Anne (whom the portal is dedicated to) and Joachim , and his parents Mary and Joseph . The archivolts of the Saint-Anne portal are pointed, a classic feature of Gothic archways. The archivolts are lined with several small sculptures of people, these sculptures have been identified as coming from both the twelfth and thirteenth century. Several restorations have been performed on

6790-486: The district. The northeastern part of the Financial District (along Fulton Street and John Street) was known in the early 20th century as the Insurance District, due to the large number of insurance companies that were either headquartered there, or maintained their New York offices there. Although the term is sometimes used as a synonym for Wall Street , the latter term is often applied metonymously to

6887-444: The dynamos was then transmitted to tenants of the surrounding neighborhood. By the end of 1889, the original dynamos were scheduled to be replaced with models of 250 horsepower (190 kW) each. The upper floors were occupied by to a variety of tenants, including jewelers and printers. A bulkhead was installed atop the roof in 1892. In its early years, the building was slightly damaged by fires, including in 1894 and in 1901. Excelsior

6984-400: The early 1920s, the backup generators were taken out of service, and the commercial and industrial tenants had left the upper floors. The basement and the first three floors housed transformers while the fourth through seventh floors were used by New York Edison as offices. This use continued through at least the late 1940s. New York Edison's successor, Consolidated Edison , had decommissioned

7081-484: The financial markets as a whole (and is also a street in the district), whereas "the Financial District" implies an actual geographical location. The Financial District is part of Manhattan Community Board 1 , which also includes five other neighborhoods ( Battery Park City , Civic Center , Greenwich South , Seaport , and Tribeca ). The streets in the area were laid out as part of the Castello Plan prior to

7178-704: The first U.S. capitol and the first inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States , is located at the corner of Wall Street and Nassau Street . The Financial District has a number of tourist attractions such as the South Street Seaport Historic District, newly renovated Pier 17, the New York City Police Museum , the Museum of American Finance , the National Museum of

7275-474: The general pattern of crowds during the working hours and emptiness at night was still apparent. There were also ten hotels and thirteen museums in 2010. In 2007 the French fashion retailer Hermès opened a store in the Financial District to sell items such as a "$ 4,700 custom-made leather dressage saddle or a $ 47,000 limited edition alligator briefcase". However, there are reports of panhandlers like elsewhere in

7372-557: The lintel blocks are divided into Jews on the left, led by Peter holding the keys just to the left of Christ, and gentiles on the right, led by Paul seated immediately to the right of Christ. That the gentile audience of the passage is frequently enjoined to enter the Church in a state of peace is also visualized, through the depiction of the leading (gentile) figure on the right lintel relinquishing his sword blade-downward, in an emphatically pacifist gesture. The Benedictine Monks that founded

7469-473: The list of sites for consideration. In December 2016, after a backlog of several decades, the Excelsior Power Company Building was made a New York City designated landmark. Gold Street (Manhattan) The Financial District of Lower Manhattan , also known as FiDi , is a neighborhood located on the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City . It is bounded by the West Side Highway on

7566-594: The neighborhood is in the 61st, 65th, and 66th districts, represented respectively by Charles Fall , Grace Lee , and Deborah Glick . Politically, the Financial District in New York's 10th congressional district ; as of 2022 , it is represented by Dan Goldman . Financial District and Lower Manhattan are patrolled by the 1st Precinct of the NYPD , located at 16 Ericsson Place. The 1st Precinct ranked 63rd safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. Though

7663-483: The northern two-thirds of the present power plant, had been completed by April 1888. That month, Gunnell filed plans to increase the height of the southern third of the site to seven stories at a cost of $ 80,000 (equivalent to $ 2,712,889 in 2023). The plant's dynamos were operational by July 1888, and the expanded power plant was finished in March 1889. The Excelsior Power Company Building originally provided power using

7760-401: The northwest corner of the site. The present structure was completed between 1887 and 1889, though it started operating in 1888. The plant initially served as a main power station but was later converted into an electrical substation . In 1978, its then-owner Consolidated Edison sold the Excelsior Power Company Building, which was subsequently combined with an adjacent property and converted to

7857-414: The number of crimes is low compared to other NYPD precincts, the residential population is also much lower. As of 2018 , with a non-fatal assault rate of 24 per 100,000 people, Financial District and Lower Manhattan's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 152 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole. The 1st Precinct has

7954-505: The offices and headquarters of many of the city's major financial institutions , including the New York Stock Exchange and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York . Anchored on Wall Street in the Financial District, New York City has been called both the leading financial center and the most economically powerful city of the world, and the New York Stock Exchange is the world's largest stock exchange by total market capitalization . Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in

8051-496: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 38% in Financial District and Lower Manhattan, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Financial District and Lower Manhattan are considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . The population of the Financial District has grown to an estimated 61,000 residents as of 2018, up from 43,000 as of 2014, which in turn

8148-428: The population. The entirety of Community District 1, which comprises the Financial District and other Lower Manhattan neighborhoods, had 63,383 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.8 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are young to middle-aged adults: half (50%) are between

8245-440: The second-floor facade outside the central pavilion. On the third through sixth floors, the windows are set within flat-arched openings. The window openings on the sixth floor, as well as on the seventh floor of the central pavilion, are surrounded by corbelled brick. The seventh floor contains round-arched openings topped by archivolts. A cornice , which is machicolated , runs above the seventh floor. The small tower rises above

8342-428: The seventh-story roof. One-story additions to the north and south of the tower were respectively erected in 1902 and 1979. A water tower is also located atop the roof. The facade on Gold Street is composed largely of red brick in common bond , with a granite base. The facade is divided from south to north into five vertical parts of different widths; two recessed pavilions alternate between two projecting end pavilions and

8439-449: The steam plant itself was in the basement. The basement vault extends underneath the entire width of Gold Street at its widest point. The plant was the Excelsior Power Company's main generating plant in the area bounded clockwise from north by Chambers Street , the East River , Beaver Street , and Broadway . The Excelsior Power Company Building faces eastward toward Gold Street and consists of seven full stories. A small tower rises above

8536-419: The subsequent significance of their mouldings and the designs of their archivolts was first observed on a wide scale on Romanesque churches, seen primarily in the eleventh century through to the early thirteenth century. The Romanesque period of church architecture is when stone sculpture began to become a common feature of church portals, specifically the use of Christ, on the archivolts and surrounds to signify

8633-439: The teenage birth rate is based on a small sample size. Financial District and Lower Manhattan have a low population of residents who are uninsured . In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 4%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size. The concentration of fine particulate matter , the deadliest type of air pollutant , in Financial District and Lower Manhattan

8730-559: The thirteenth century. While it is generally accepted that the portals on the west facing side of Saint-Denis cathedral have most of the Early Gothic architectural features, as claimed by Pamela Blum, there is still some debate about whether the cathedral is more accurately characterised as Gothic or Romanesque due to the multiple restorations that have been done on the Cathedral in varying artistic and architectural styles since it

8827-425: The utilisation of church architecture came about simultaneously with the significant advances of categorising, maintaining and sharing large amounts of information that was happening in the twelfth century. The application of this in the design of archivolts is shown through the complex theological stories and messages that are represented by the detailed design of many archivolts. The complexity of church portals and

8924-468: The west, Chambers Street and City Hall Park on the north, Brooklyn Bridge on the northeast, the East River to the southeast, and South Ferry and the Battery on the south. The City of New York was created in the modern-day Financial District in 1624, and the neighborhood roughly overlaps with the boundaries of the New Amsterdam settlement in the late 17th century. The district comprises

9021-536: Was acquired by the New York Heat, Light and Power Company in 1895, and the combined company continued to operate the plant as a power and steam generating station. In addition to powering its own tenants, the Excelsior Power Company Building supplied electricity to other office buildings and factories in the neighborhood, as well as to the New York Daily Press . Skylights were added to the roof of

9118-525: Was built. The west-side of the cathedral is home to three church portals, all of which contain archivolts. In 1140 these three portals and the west-end of Saint-Denis Cathedral were consecrated . The archivolts of the Saint-Denis Cathedral are one of the earliest examples of the use of complex sculptures and inscriptions on church entrances as a means of communication in Gothic churches. As

9215-652: Was designed by William Covington Gunnell and, according to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC), is Gunnell's only known design in the city. It was erected by Robert L. Darragh, a master mason who also worked on the Union Theological Seminary , New York World Building , and Home Life Building . As built, the Excelsior Power Company Building's above-ground stories were rented to tenants, particularly those in industrial sectors, while

9312-661: Was nearly double the 23,000 recorded at the 2000 Census. In the New York City Council , the Financial District is part of District 1 , represented by Democrat Christopher Marte . List of aldermen /councilmen who have represented the Financial District The Financial District is part of New York's 27th State Senate district , represented by Brian P. Kavanagh . In the New York State Assembly ,

9409-445: Was replaced with two windows, while a newer entrance was built immediately to the right (north). There are large round arches over the second story, supported by brick piers, which provide aesthetic emphasis. In the recessed bays are foliated terracotta plaques above the arches, while on the end and central pavilions, there are archivolts above the arches. A scrolled wall-bracket lamp, designated as an official city landmark, hangs from

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