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65-738: Northern & Shell has operated The Health Lottery in the UK since it launched in 2011. Desmond founded Northern & Shell in 1974 and launched a magazine called International Musician and Recording World . In 1983, Northern & Shell obtained the licence to publish Penthouse in the United Kingdom which led to its publishing a range of pornographic titles, Asian Babes among them. The company's business model for pornographic magazines focussed on specialisation and niche publishing, with multiple titles produced at low cost and targeted at particular tastes. These titles were later sold in 2004. It

130-470: A group of 51 society lotteries across the United Kingdom with a common drawing and prize pool. Each drawing is held on behalf of one or more of the society lotteries, whose revenues go to support health-related causes in their respective area. The Health Lottery received criticism on launch for only pledging to donate 20.3% of ticket costs to charity, compared to the National Lottery's 28%, and that

195-649: A lottery to raise money to purchase cannons for the defense of Philadelphia. Several of these lotteries offered prizes in the form of " Pieces of Eight ". George Washington 's Mountain Road Lottery in 1768 was unsuccessful, but these rare lottery tickets bearing Washington's signature became collectors' items; one example sold for about $ 15,000 in 2007. Washington was also a manager for Col. Bernard Moore 's "Slave Lottery" in 1769, which advertised land and slaves as prizes in The Virginia Gazette . At

260-401: A minimum jackpot of £25,000, and shorten the odds of winning any prize (now 1 in 9.7). In addition, the monthly Mega Raffle was introduced, in which one Health Lottery player wins a guaranteed cash prize of £250,000. The first Mega Raffle was drawn on 1 September 2018. The Health Lottery is drawn five times a week, on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays & Saturdays. Participation in

325-548: A series of startups under the brand Northern & Shell Ventures. This included investments in OpenRent , Tepilo and Lulu. In February 2018, Trinity Mirror purchased Northern & Shell's publishing operations (titles including the Daily Express , Sunday Express , Daily Star and Daily Star Sunday ; and three celebrity magazines, OK! , New! , and Star ) for £126.7 million. The building at 10 Lower Thames Street

390-544: A way to raise public funding for projects, and this led to the popular belief that lotteries were a form of hidden tax. At the end of the Revolutionary War the various states had to resort to lotteries to raise funds for numerous public projects. The first big lottery on German soil was held in 1614 in Hamburg . In Austria the first lottery was drawn in 1751, during the reign of Empress Maria Theresia , and

455-481: A week, with previous National Lottery presenter Anthea Turner taking over as host of the new-look draws from 13 August. The game has been criticised for donating only 20.3% of the ticket price to causes, compared with 28% donated by the National Lottery. Spokespersons for the Health Lottery argue that the game will grow the market. Some attention was also given to the possibility that favourable coverage of

520-443: A weekly draw so each week different CICs are represented and every region gets a share of the pot. Money is then donated to support health-related causes within their respective local areas. The Health Lottery ELM Ltd operates as an external lottery manager to oversee the society lotteries. The ELM charges a management fee of 0.5p in every pound, which provides the profit for the lottery owners. The allocation of funds to causes raised by

585-537: A women's magazine launched in 1992 in the style of Cosmopolitan but with nude male photosets, and the celebrity weekly OK! , which started as a monthly in 1993. In November 2000, Northern & Shell acquired Express Newspapers from United News & Media for £125 million, enlarging the group to include the Daily and Sunday Express titles, the Daily Star and Daily Star Sunday (which Desmond started), and

650-518: A year, they began to substitute the candidates names with numbers and modern lotto was born, to which both modern legal lotteries and the illegal numbers game can trace their ancestry. King Francis I of France discovered the lotteries during his campaigns in Italy and decided to organize such a lottery in his kingdom to help the state finances. The first French lottery, the Loterie Royale ,

715-527: Is a Malaysian company, which operates in the gambling sector. Founded and incorporated by the Malaysian Government in 1969, it was focused on the commercialisation of 4-Digits –based games. On 1 August 1985, the government in a non- tender privatisation , sold the company to businessman Vincent Tan who merged it into his Berjaya Group . Today, Sports Toto is a wholly owned subsidiary of Berjaya Sports Toto Berhad ( MYX : 1562), which

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780-624: Is a national lottery. It is organized every year since 1812 by a branch of the Spanish Public Administration, now called Loterías y Apuestas del Estado. The name Sorteo de Navidad was used for the first time in 1892. The Spanish Christmas lottery is the second longest continuously running lottery in the world. This includes the years during the Spanish Civil War when the lottery draw was held in Valencia after

845-643: Is listed on the main market of Bursa Malaysia . It claims to be the largest operator in Malaysia of 4D-based games, with 680 sales outlets offering a total of 7 games. The Mexican Lotería Nacional dates back to the late 18th century. The goal of the Lotería is to create jobs and to "impulse the wealth redistribution process". The Lotería is also a member of the North American Association of State and Provincial Lotteries. As measured by

910-665: Is operated by Northern and Shell . The origins of the Health Lottery predate the National Lottery , to the failed National Health Service Lottery which had an abortive launch in 1988, before being declared illegal. The assets of the NHS Lottery were purchased in 2007 by Altala Group Ltd., a company run by Ian Milligan, a former employee of Camelot Group , the operators of the UK National Lottery. Altala went into administration in 2009, shortly before it

975-406: Is operated by Allwyn Entertainment Ltd, who took over from the original operator Camelot Group in 2024. 28% of National Lottery revenue, along with all unclaimed prizes, are distributed as grants to charitable causes. 12% of the revenue from the National Lottery is expected to go to the government, 5% goes to lottery retailers, 5% is retained by the operator for operating costs, and 50% remains for

1040-589: The École militaire . Instrumental to the birth of the Loterie were Giacomo Casanova and the Calzabigi brothers (Giovanni and Ranieri). Casanova defended the project in a series of conversations with Madame de Pompadour , the French mathematician Jean d'Alembert , Joseph de Pâris Duverney, intendent of the École, and the French minister of foreign affair. Unlike modern lotteries where the state can never lose, in

1105-664: The Gambling Act 2005 , the maximum amount which can be won by a single ticket is £500,000, or 10% of the total draw proceeds. A minimum of 33% of the ticket price from players' subscriptions supports various trusts, which in turn fund local and international charities and community projects. Some £850 million have been donated. People's Postcode Lottery has a number of celebrity ambassadors, including David Attenborough , Judi Dench , Shobna Gulati , Tim Healy , Stephen Jardine , Ellen MacArthur , Aggie MacKenzie , Carey Mulligan , John Stapleton and Emma Thompson . The lottery

1170-691: The Great Wall of China . From the Chinese Book of Songs (2nd millennium BC.) comes a reference to a game of chance as "the drawing of wood", which in context appears to describe the drawing of lots. The first known European lotteries were held during the Roman Empire , mainly as an amusement at dinner parties. Each guest would receive a ticket, and prizes would often consist of fancy items such as dinnerware. Every ticket holder would be assured of winning something. This type of lottery, however,

1235-623: The Irish Star (owned jointly with the Irish Independent group). The Daily and Sunday Express each sell around 700,000 copies per issue. Northern & Shell had borrowed £97 million (approximately US$ 190 million) for the Express group purchase. Northern & Shell's "portfolio" of soft-porn magazines was offered for sale in 2001 in order to provide cash to invest in the then newly acquired Express Newspapers group. Some viewed

1300-516: The Virginia Company of London the right to raise money to help establish settlers in the first permanent English colony at Jamestown, Virginia . Lotteries in colonial America played a significant part in the financing of both private and public ventures. It has been recorded that more than 200 lotteries were sanctioned between 1744 and 1776, and played a major role in financing roads, libraries, churches, colleges, canals, bridges, etc. In

1365-736: The Western Canada Lottery Corporation (which serves Western and Northern Canada , excluding British Columbia ), and the British Columbia Lottery Corporation . The five regional lotteries are members of a consortium known as the Interprovincial Lottery Corporation , which administrates national games, including the flagship Lotto 6/49 and Lotto Max . The five lotteries offer draw games, scratch cards, and sports betting —the latter primarily under

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1430-721: The 1740s, the foundation of Princeton and Columbia Universities was financed by lotteries, as was the University of Pennsylvania by the Academy Lottery in 1755. During the French and Indian Wars , several colonies used lotteries to help finance fortifications and their local militia. In May 1758, the Province of Massachusetts Bay raised money with a lottery for the "Expedition against Canada". Benjamin Franklin organized

1495-555: The 17th century it was quite usual in the Netherlands to organize lotteries to collect money for the poor or in order to raise funds for a wide range of public usages. The lotteries proved very popular and were hailed as a painless form of taxation . The Dutch state-owned Staatsloterij is the oldest running lottery (1726). The English word lottery is derived from the Dutch noun "lot" meaning "fate". The first recorded Italian lottery

1560-791: The 2011 round 41. The main victory at that time was with 7 correct results and the smallest victory with three actual and one additional number, the number of which was reduced from three to two. The lottery return percentage is 41.1. Another lottery game played in Finland is Vikinglotto , which can be played in all Nordic countries as well as in Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania . In Vikinglotto, six actual numbers and two additional numbers out of 48 are drawn. There are five winning categories: 6 correct, 5 + extra number, 5 correct, 4 correct and 3 correct. In Finland, an average of six million euros in winnings go unredeemed each year. A national lottery

1625-690: The Australian government started their own lottery, named the 'Golden Casket Art Union', with the intention of raising money for charities and projects. Its first draw is credited with raising funds for veterans of World War One. Lotteries in Canada are administered by five regional organizations; the Atlantic Lottery Corporation (which serves Atlantic Canada ), Loto-Québec , the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation ,

1690-514: The English lotteries ran for over 250 years, until the government, under constant pressure from the opposition in Parliament, declared a final lottery in 1826. This lottery was held up to ridicule by contemporary commentators as "the last struggle of the speculators on public credulity for popularity to their last dying lottery". An English lottery, authorized by King James I in 1612, granted

1755-463: The French lottery the state could lose, but a wise choice of the payoff made losses so improbable as to ensure a profit for the state. Although the English probably first experimented with raffles and similar games of chance, the first recorded official lottery was chartered by Queen Elizabeth I , in the year 1566, and was drawn in 1569. The 400,000 tickets issued cost 10 shillings (£0.50) each (roughly three weeks of wages for ordinary citizens), with

1820-539: The Health Lottery is determined by the relevant CICs and their partner charity, the People’s Health Trust, and not by The Health Lottery ELM Ltd. They usually support local charities and grassroots projects. In 2010 this complicated structure was judged by the Gambling Commission regulatory panel to be "close to the line in respect of section 99 of the [Gambling] Act" and that while the structure

1885-727: The Republicans were forced to relocate their capital from Madrid. After the overthrow of the Republican government the lottery continued uninterrupted under the Franco regime. Notable prizes on different continents are: (local currency) The first lottery in Australia took place in the 1880s in Sydney. It was a private sweepstakes that was quickly prohibited, despite being moved to other areas such as Queensland and Victoria. In 1916,

1950-446: The U.S. and most of Europe as well as many other countries. This remained so until well after World War II. In the 1960s, casinos and lotteries began to re-appear throughout the world as a means for governments to raise revenue without raising taxes. Lotteries come in many formats. For example, the prize can be a fixed amount of cash or goods. In this format, there is risk to the organizer if insufficient tickets are sold. More commonly,

2015-620: The brand Sport Select . The largest single jackpot record in Canadian lottery history was a Lotto Max drawing on January 7, 2020, for a jackpot of $ 70 million. In Finland, Veikkaus began selling lottery tickets in December 1970, and the first draw was televised on January 3, 1971. The lottery turned 40 on January 3, 2011, and by then the lottery had been drawn 2,126 times. Since then, there has been one lottery draw every week. Lottery game time usually ends on Saturday at 9:45 p.m., and

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2080-475: The draw is usually held on Saturday at 10:15 p.m. Large public holidays on Saturdays may postpone the draw to Sunday. The lottery has two official supervisors; from 3 January 1971 to 29 September 2013, the lottery was televised on Yle TV1 , and in October 2013, the lottery draws were postponed on MTV3 after ten evening news, because according to FICORA , the sponsorship cooperation between Veikkaus and Yle

2145-505: The extent of organizing a national or state lottery. It is common to find some degree of regulation of lottery by governments. The most common regulations are prohibition of sale to minors and licensing of ticket vendors. Although lotteries were common in the United States and some other countries during the 19th century, by the beginning of the 20th century, most forms of gambling, including lotteries and sweepstakes , were illegal in

2210-541: The form of money were held in the Low Countries in the 15th century. Various towns held public lotteries to raise money for town fortifications, and to help the poor. The town records of Ghent , Utrecht , and Bruges indicate that lotteries may be even older. A record dated 9 May 1445 at L'Ecluse refers to raising funds to build walls and town fortifications, with a lottery of 4,304 tickets and total prize money of 1737 florins (worth about US$ 170,000 in 2014). In

2275-433: The foyer. The Health Lottery The Health Lottery is a lottery that operates on behalf of 12 local society lotteries across Great Britain. It was launched in October 2011 and runs five weekly draws on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Each week a different regional community interest company receives the funds, with 20% of ticket sale proceeds going to local health-related causes. It

2340-482: The game requires a minimum fee of £1. Winnings range from a free ticket to a jackpot of £250,000. First draws for the Health Lottery were broadcast live on the ITV network during an advertisement break of The X Factor , paid for by Northern & Shell ; they were quickly moved to Channel 5 , which was at the time Northern & Shell's subsidiary. Draws are currently broadcast at around 9:55   pm on Channel 5 . It

2405-561: The grand prize worth roughly £5,000. This lottery was designed to raise money for the "reparation of the havens and strength of the Realme, and towardes such other publique good workes", including the rebuilding of ports and new ships for the royal fleet. Each ticket holder won a prize, and the total value of the prizes equalled the money raised. Prizes were in the form of both "ready money" and valuable commodities such as silver plate, tapestries, and fine linen cloth. Additionally, each participant

2470-597: The lottery in Desmond's Daily Express and the Daily Star amounted to disguised advertising, which was reported to the Advertising Standards Authority , who found the issue to be outside their remit. The Culture Secretary Jeremy Hunt announced in October 2011 that the Gambling Commission would investigate the legality of the Health Lottery, after questions were raised about the way

2535-701: The lottery was being run and the cost to smaller lotteries nationwide. Camelot Group attempted to take High Court legal action to have the Health Lottery's gambling licence revoked in 2012, claiming that they had not received adequate protection from the Gambling Commission. Camelot lost the case, a verdict described by Richard Desmond as “a complete vindication of all the hard work that has gone into launching The Health Lottery…if Camelot had succeeded in this case, they would have shut down lifeline funding to hundreds of health projects and charities. The charity sector would have lost out badly." To circumvent

2600-665: The lottery's structure was designed to contravene British law regarding lotteries. In the UK, winning the lottery is correlated to expressing more preference for the Conservative Party . Winning larger prizes results in a larger shift in favor of the Conservative Party. People's Postcode Lottery is a subscription lottery in the UK. The format was introduced by Dutch company Novamedia BV : players pay at minimum £10 monthly to play, and winning postcodes are announced daily. In accordance with restrictions under

2665-525: The modern-day stockbrokers for various commercial ventures. Most people could not afford the entire cost of a lottery ticket, so the brokers would sell shares in a ticket; this resulted in tickets being issued with a notation such as "Sixteenth" or "Third Class". Many private lotteries were held, including raising money for the Virginia Company of London to support its settlement in America at Jamestown. The English State Lottery ran from 1694 until 1826. Thus,

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2730-462: The number of €20 tickets available was reduced from 180 million to 160 million, reducing the potential maximum prize pool to €2.24 billion (70% of ticket sales), with a maximum potential El Gordo of €720 million. A lottery was first held in Thailand (then known as Siam ) in 1874 during the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), as part of an international fair organised for his birthday. A lottery

2795-621: The outset of the Revolutionary War, the Continental Congress used lotteries to raise money to support the Colonial Army. Alexander Hamilton wrote that lotteries should be kept simple, and that "Everybody ... will be willing to hazard a trifling sum for the chance of considerable gain ... and would prefer a small chance of winning a great deal to a great chance of winning little". Taxes had never been accepted as

2860-567: The prize fund will be a fixed percentage of the receipts. A popular form of this is the "50–50" draw, where the organizers promise that the prize will be 50% of the revenue. Many recent lotteries allow purchasers to select the numbers on the lottery ticket, resulting in the possibility of multiple winners. The first recorded signs of a lottery are keno slips from the Chinese Han dynasty between 205 and 187 BC. These lotteries are believed to have helped to finance major government projects like

2925-475: The requirements of the Gambling Act , the Health Lottery is not structured as a national lottery, but rather as twelve different society lotteries, each one representing at least one local authority area within England, Scotland and Wales. Each society lottery is licensed by the Gambling Commission and operates as an individual community interest company , or CIC. Different CICs take turns in participating in

2990-420: The sale as an attempt to distance the company from the pornography business, but most analysts believed it to be only a financial move as The Fantasy Channel , Northern and Shell's adult cable channel, wasn't included in the sale. In 2004, Northern & Shell sought acquisition of additional publications — The Spectator and The Daily Telegraph , along with its sister publication The Sunday Telegraph . It

3055-537: The top price now up to 32 million baht . Shrines of local folklore and popular religion , such as Nang Ta-Khian , are often propitiated in order to be lucky in the Thai lottery draw. The principal lottery in the United Kingdom is the National Lottery , a state-franchised lottery sanctioned by the Gambling Commission (formerly the National Lottery Commission ), and established in 1994. It

3120-492: The total prize fund of which 5% is diverted to a Super Draw fund, leaving 45% for normal prizes. Northern & Shell also operates a commercial lottery known as The Health Lottery , which distributes its revenue to support health-related charities and causes. To comply with the Gambling Act, which forbids other parties from operating a national lottery, The Health Lottery operates as an umbrella corporation representing

3185-539: The total prize payout, the Spanish Christmas Lottery is considered the biggest lottery worldwide. In 2012, if all of the tickets had been sold, the total amount payout of prizes would have been worth €2.52 billion (70% of ticket sales). The total amount of all prizes of the first category called El Gordo ("the fat one") was €720 million which was distributed among 180 winning tickets (billetes) that win €4 million each. For 2013, due to falling demand,

3250-645: The world thanks to online lottery agents and bookkeepers. Some states have tried to combat this with different measures. The state government of Tamil Nadu decided to ban GooglePay since it allows payments to online lotteries and awards its users in India with Scratchcards . Indian lotteries provide a substantial economic boost for the states that provide them. In the fiscal year 2017–2018 Kerala collected GST worth Rs 908 crore and state revenue of Rs 1,691 crore. Lottery industry start operated in Malaysia on early 1969 by Berjaya Group . Sports Toto Malaysia Sdn Bhd

3315-470: Was "capable of being compliant with the Act" it was "finely balanced". Concern was expressed that the individual lotteries were not to be combined into one de facto national lottery, as to do so would be a breach of the Act. Lottery A lottery (or lotto ) is a form of gambling that involves the drawing of numbers at random for a prize. Some governments outlaw lotteries, while others endorse it to

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3380-496: Was built in 1985 and has a distinctive blue glass facade. It was first built for Samuel Montagu & Co. It is now partly occupied by N&S and partly rented out as serviced offices. The building featured in the TV series Bergerac, Series 6 Episode 6 "A man of sorrows", the building frontage badged as Insurance company Norman Deutscher Greenburg. Inside the building features some wonderful interior lifts with panoramic views overlooking

3445-746: Was due to be granted its gambling licence, and was purchased by Health Lottery Ltd. After winning the licence, the Health Lottery was sold in February 2011 to Richard Desmond 's Northern & Shell group. The Health Lottery launched in September 2011. Until the summer of 2018, the Health Lottery had operated 51 society lotteries across Great Britain. This structure was formally re-organised in July 2018, to form 12 new larger community interest companies (CICs) covering England, Scotland and Wales. The Health Lottery also re-organised its playing structure to ensure

3510-515: Was granted immunity from one arrest, "so long as the crime wasn't piracy, murder, felonies, or treason." The lottery was promoted by scrolls posted throughout the country showing sketches of the prizes. Thus, the lottery money received was an interest-free loan to the government during the three years that the tickets ('without any Blankes') were sold. In later years, the government sold the lottery ticket rights to brokers, who in turn hired agents and runners to sell them. These brokers eventually became

3575-481: Was held in 1539 and was authorized with the edict of Châteaurenard . This attempt was a fiasco, since the tickets were very costly and the social classes which could afford them opposed the project. Between 1757 and 1836, for a period of about 80 years with some interruption during the French Revolution , the French state ran a profitable Loterie . The project was born out a series of initiatives to fund

3640-677: Was held on 9 January 1449 in Milan organized by the Golden Ambrosian Republic to finance the war against the Republic of Venice . However, it was in Genoa that Lotto became very popular. People used to bet on the name of Great Council members, who were drawn by chance , five out of ninety candidates every six months. This kind of gambling was called Lotto or Semenaiu . When people wanted to bet more frequently than twice

3705-458: Was illegal. In the current lottery played in Finland, the player chooses seven numbers between 1 and 40 (initially, until the autumn of 1980, six numbers between 1 and 40 were chosen, then for a few years seven numbers between 1 and 37 and then seven numbers between 1 and 39). In the draw, seven numbers and one (previously three and then two) additional numbers are drawn; the line price is 1 euro. The profit categories were changed, for example, from

3770-494: Was initially planned to be hosted by Eamonn Holmes but as Holmes was employed by Sky News , he was dropped due to a possible conflict of interest. Melinda Messenger was confirmed as the host on 5 October 2011. To celebrate the first anniversary of the Health Lottery, a new Wednesday night draw called "Win Wednesday" was launched. On 5 August 2015, it was announced that the Health Lottery would be extended to five nights

3835-729: Was named Lotto di Genova since it was based on 90 numbers. Spain offers a wealth of lottery games, the majority of which are operated by Loterías y Apuestas del Estado with the remaining lotteries operated by the ONCE and the Catalan government. The first Spanish lottery game was played back in 1763 and, over the last two centuries, playing the lottery in Spain has developed into a tradition. The Spanish Christmas Lottery (officially Sorteo Extraordinario de Navidad [soɾˈteo ekstɾaorðiˈnaɾjo ðe naβiˈðað] or simply Lotería de Navidad [loteˈɾia ðe naβiˈðað])

3900-518: Was no more than the distribution of gifts by wealthy noblemen during the Saturnalian revelries. The earliest records of a lottery offering tickets for sale is the lottery organized by Roman Emperor Augustus . The funds were for repairs in the City of Rome, and the winners were given prizes in the form of articles of unequal value. The first recorded lotteries to offer tickets for sale with prizes in

3965-405: Was organised in 1917 by the British government with Thai consent to help finance Britain's war effort. Lotteries were held intermittently until 1933, when they became regularised under the finance department. The present Thai lottery is managed by The Government Lottery Office, a state enterprise managed by the Ministry of Finance . The drawings take place on the 1st and 16th of each month, with

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4030-824: Was reintroduced in 1933. There are many lotteries in India. All lotteries are run by state governments but only 13 of the 28 Indian states allow them. The leader within Indian lotteries is the Kerala State Government that started their lottery department in 1967 following the country wide ban on private lotteries. The Kerala State Lotteries became an inspiration for other Indian states that started their own lotteries. As of right now lotteries are available in Kerala , Goa , Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh , Punjab , West Bengal , Assam , Arunachal Pradesh , Meghalaya , Manipur , Sikkim , Nagaland and Mizoram . The public ban on lotteries in other states has not been very effective since several lottery providers allow Indians to play online. Indian players can play lotteries from all over

4095-404: Was the first company to move to the revamped Docklands and the Princess Royal opened the offices. When the company moved to the Northern & Shell Tower in Canary Wharf , the Duke of Edinburgh opened the offices. In the early 1990s Northern & Shell began to publish a wider range of magazines, including comics and the gay lifestyle magazine Attitude . Other titles were For Women ,

4160-427: Was the subject of a Channel 4 documentary, The Welsh Valley That Won the Lottery , about the residents of Rhymney who won in May 2022. Lotteries are operated at the state level in the U.S.; 45 states and 3 territories operate state lotteries, and nearly all of them are members of consortiums that operate regional games, and the two near-national games Mega Millions and Powerball . In November 2022, Powerball set

4225-550: Was unsuccessful in its bid for The Telegraph , losing out to David and Frederick Barclay , who had long sought to own the paper. On 23 July 2010, Northern & Shell bought Channel 5 Broadcasting Limited, which operates Channel 5 , 5* and 5USA for €125 million (£103.5 million) from the RTL Group . On 1 May 2014, the channels were sold to Viacom for £450 million (US$ 759 million). In 2013, Northern & Shell announced that its TV listing magazine TV Pick would no longer be published. In 2014, Northern & Shell invested in

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