The Abu Nidal Organization ( ANO ; Arabic : منظمة أبو نضال Munaẓẓamat Abu Nidal ), officially Fatah – Revolutionary Council ( فتح – المجلس الثوري Fatah al-Majles al-Thawry ), was a Palestinian militant group founded by Abu Nidal in 1974. It broke away from Fatah , a faction within the Palestine Liberation Organization , following the emergence of a rift between Abu Nidal and Yasser Arafat . The ANO was designated as a terrorist organization by Israel , the United States , the United Kingdom , Canada , the European Union and Japan . However, a number of Arab countries supported the group's activities; it was backed by Iraq from 1974 to 1983, by Syria from 1983 to 1987, and by Libya from 1987 to 1997. It briefly cooperated with Egypt from 1997 to 1998, but ultimately returned to Iraq in December 1998, where it continued to have the state's backing until Abu Nidal's death in August 2002.
57-414: FRC may refer to: Organizations [ edit ] Fatah - Revolutionary Council , a defunct terrorist organization Federacion de Radioaficionados de Cuba , a Cuban amateur radio organization First Responders Children's Foundation, an American non-profit organization; see Disney Princess Financial Reporting Council , an independent regulator in
114-777: A Congressional Research Service report revealed that the Coast Guard's long term procurement plan called for the purchase of up to 71 FRCs. Six of the new cutters would be deployed to the Indo-Pacific region for engagement with allies and partner countries. Prior to the deployment of the Marine Protector class, the Coast Guard decided that all its cutters, even its smallest, should be able to accommodate mixed-gender crews. The Sentinel-class cutters are able to accommodate mixed-gender crews. When USCGC Rollin Fritch
171-403: A Roman Catholic prayer movement Family Rosary Crusade (TV program) , a Philippine television program Fraternitas Rosae Crucis , an American Rosicrucian organization Free Reformed Churches (disambiguation) Science and technology [ edit ] Fiber-reinforced composite Fiber-reinforced concrete Field-reversed configuration , a type of plasma device studied as
228-754: A Scottish band Transportation [ edit ] Franca Airport (IATA code), in Brazil Fast Response Car , of the Singapore Police Force Fast Response Cutter , of the United States Coast Guard Functional road class, in road functional classification Other uses [ edit ] FIRST Robotics Competition , an annual international robotics competition for students aged 14-18 Cajun French (ISO 639-3 language code) Fischer Random Chess ,
285-446: A car tire for whipping and salt application, melting plastic on their skin, frying their genitals, and confining them in tiny cells bound hand and foot. If cells were full, prisoners could be buried alive with a steel pipe for breathing. Execution was carried out by firing a bullet down the pipe. From 1987 to 1988, hundreds of members of Abu Nidal's organization were killed due to internal paranoia and terror tactics. The elderly wife of
342-755: A chess variant Folk Research Centre , in Saint Lucia Frater Rosae Crucis , a title in the Rosicrucian Order French Republican calendar Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title FRC . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FRC&oldid=1204329667 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
399-525: A cohort of six is stationed with the Coast Guard's largest unit outside the United States, Patrol Forces Southwest Asia (PATFORSWA), whose homeport is Bahrain in the Persian Gulf. As many as six more are planned to be stationed in the Indo-Pacific region. A second contract was awarded on December 15, 2009 for an additional three Sentinel-class cutters at a cost of US$ 141 million. By April 2010
456-590: A crew of 22. The Fast Response Cutter deploys the 26-foot (7.9 m) Cutter Boat - Over the Horizon (OTH-IV) for rescues and interceptions. Modifications to the Coast Guard vessels from the Stan 4708 design include an increase in speed from 23 to 28 knots (43 to 52 km/h; 26 to 32 mph), fixed-pitch rather than variable-pitch propellers, stern launch capability, and watertight bulkheads. The vessels are built to ABS High Speed Naval Craft rules and some parts of
513-559: A defunct British genealogical library Federal Radio Commission , a defunct regulatory agency of the US federal government Federal Republic of China , a proposed federal republic encompassing mainland China, Macau, and Hong Kong Federal Record Centers, one of the National Archives facilities Religion [ edit ] Family Research Council , an American conservative Christian organization Family Rosary Crusade ,
570-642: A freelance contractor, Abu Nidal is believed by the United States Department of State to have ordered attacks in 20 countries, killing or injuring over 900 people. The ANO group's most notorious attacks were on the El Al ticket counters at Rome and Vienna airports in December 1985, when Arab gunmen high on amphetamines opened fire on passengers in simultaneous shootings, killing 18 and wounding 120. Patrick Seale , Abu Nidal's biographer, wrote of
627-464: A means of producing nuclear fusion Flame-resistant clothing Frame rate control , in displays Fibroblastic reticular cells , a type of reticular cell Fourier ring correlation , in structural biology Functional residual capacity , the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration Music [ edit ] "F.R.C." (song) , a 1991 single by Australian rock band The Screaming Jets Futuristic Retro Champions ,
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#1732765767633684-774: A mercenary. Two months later, just after the October 1973 Yom Kippur War , during discussions about convening a peace conference in Geneva, the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) hijacked a KLM airliner, using the name of the Arab Nationalist Youth Organization. The operation was intended to send a signal to Fatah not to send representatives to any peace conference. In response, Arafat officially expelled Abu Nidal from Fatah in March 1974, and
741-505: A political solution with Israel should be an option. Consequently, Abu Nidal split from Fatah in 1974 and formed his "rejectionist" front to carry on a Pan-Arabist armed struggle. Abu Nidal's first independent operation took place on September 5, 1973, when five gunmen using the name Al-Iqab ("The Punishment") seized the Saudi embassy in Paris, taking 11 hostages and threatening to blow up
798-897: A potential value of US$ 1.74 billion. In 2017, the Coast Guard announced two FRCs would be stationed in Astoria , Oregon starting in 2021. In 2018, the Coast Guard announced four more would be stationed in San Pedro , California in 2018 and 2019. Also in 2018, the Coast Guard revealed plans to eventually homeport a total of six FRCs in Alaska , with one cutter in Sitka , one in Seward , and two in Kodiak , joining two already operating from Ketchikan . Boston, Massachusetts and St. Petersburg, Florida would eventually be FRC homeports. In June 2019,
855-461: A reduced radar cross-section through shaping. The bridge is equipped with a handheld device that allows crew members to remotely control the ship's functions, including rudder movement and docking. In February 2013, the Department of Homeland Security requested tenders from third party firms to independently inspect the cutters, during their construction, and their performance trials. At
912-535: A remote-control Mark 38 25 mm Machine Gun System and four crew-served .50-caliber (12.7 mm) M2HB heavy machine guns . They have a bow thruster for maneuvering in crowded anchorages and channels. They have small underwater fins, for coping with the rolling and pitching caused by large waves. They are equipped with a stern launching ramp , like the Marine Protector-class and the eight failed expanded Island-class cutters. They are manned by
969-471: A shipment of over four tons of cocaine, reported to be the largest drug-bust in the Atlantic Ocean since 1999. Cutters are given tasks like looking for shipping containers full of toxic cargo that have fallen from container ships , as USCGC Margaret Norvell did in December 2015, when 25 containers fell from the barge Columbia Elizabeth . Similarly, Charles Sexton helped search for
1026-503: A veteran member was also killed on false charges. The killings were mostly carried out by four individuals: Mustafa Ibrahim Sanduqa, Isam Maraqa, Sulaiman Samrin, and Mustafa Awad. Decisions to kill were mostly made by Abu Nidal after he had consumed a whole bottle of whiskey at night. According to ANO dissidents, the attacks made by the group were unconnected to the Palestinian cause and led to their defection. In addition, they claimed
1083-489: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Fatah - Revolutionary Council In practice, the ANO was leftist and secularist , as well as anti-Zionist and anti-Western . In theory, it was not particularly associated with any specific ideology—or at least no such foundation was declared. It was mostly linked with the pursuit of Abu Nidal's personal agendas. The ANO
1140-718: The Jordan River in the east to the Mediterranean Sea in the west. Abu Nidal established his faction within the PLO, just prior to Black September in Jordan, and following internal disagreements within the PLO. During Fatah's Third Congress in Damascus in 1971, he emerged as the leader of a leftist alliance against Yasser Arafat . After the 1973 Yom Kippur War , many members of the mainstream Fatah movement argued that
1197-784: The Louisiana -based firm Bollinger Shipyards , using a design from the Netherlands -based Damen Group , with the Sentinel design based on the company's Damen Stan 4708 patrol vessel . The Department of Homeland Security's budget proposal to Congress, for the Coast Guard, for 2021, stated that, in addition to 58 vessels to serve the Continental US, they requested an additional six vessels for its portion of Patrol Forces Southwest Asia . In March 2007, newly appointed United States Coast Guard Commandant Thad Allen announced that
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#17327657676331254-919: The Rome and Vienna Airport Attacks in December 1985, the Neve Shalom synagogue in Istanbul and the Pan Am Flight 73 hijacking in Karachi in September 1986, and the City of Poros day-excursion ship attack in Greece in July 1988. The ANO has been especially noted for its uncompromising stance on negotiation with Israel, treating anything less than all-out military struggle against Israel as treachery. This led
1311-760: The United States House Committee on Armed Services approved a requirement for the US Navy to study the possibility of buying a version of the FRC, and basing them in Bahrain . In 2019 Lieutenant Commander Collin Fox (USN), and columnist David Axe suggested that, when the US Navy started to develop unmanned patrol ships to replace the Cyclone class , which are similar in size to the Sentinel class,
1368-410: The Coast Guard announced it was ordering four more FRCs from Bollinger, to be delivered in 2024. These would be the 56th through 60th cutters of that class. At that time, 40 FRCs had been delivered and 38 had been commissioned. The Coast Guard had recently modified its contract with Bollinger to increase the maximum number of cutters that could be ordered under the contract to 64. The modified contract had
1425-577: The Coast Guard or one of its precursor services. Originally, the first vessel of the class was to be named USCGC Sentinel . In October 2010 the Coast Guard named the first fourteen individuals the vessels will be named after, and has provided biographies of them. They are: Bernard C. Webber , Richard Etheridge , William Flores , Robert Yered , Margaret Norvell , Paul Clark , Charles David Jr , Charles Sexton , Kathleen Moore , Joseph Napier , William Trump , Isaac Mayo , Richard Dixon , Heriberto Hernandez . A second group of eleven names
1482-852: The Coast Guard publicized ten more names tentatively assigned to cutters 26 through 35. They were: Joseph Gerczak , Richard T. Snyder , Nathan Bruckenthal , Forrest O. Rednour , Robert G. Ward , Terrell Horne III , Benjamin A. Bottoms , Joseph O. Doyle , William C. Hart , and Oliver F. Berry . In December 2017, the Coast Guard announced the names of the 35th through 54th cutters. The twenty namesakes are: Angela McShan , Daniel Tarr , Edgar Culbertson , Harold Miller , Myrtle Hazard , Oliver Henry , Charles Moulthrope , Robert Goldman , Frederick Hatch , Glen Harris , Emlen Tunnell , John Scheuerman , Clarence Sutphin , Pablo Valent , Douglas Denman , William Chadwick , Warren Deyampert , Maurice Jester , John Patterson , and William Sparling . The 35th cutter (ex-USCGC Oliver Berry )
1539-435: The Coast Guard's contract with Bollinger allowed for the order of up to 34 Sentinel-class cutters at a cost of up to US$ 1.5 billion. Even then, the Coast Guard was planning to build a total of 58 Sentinel-class cutters. In September 2013, Marine Link reported that the Coast Guard had placed orders with Bollinger Shipyards for additional cutters, bringing the number of such cutters ordered by then to thirty. In July 2014, it
1596-498: The FRC also comply to ABS Naval Vessel Rules. The vessels meet Naval Sea Systems Command standards for two compartment damaged stability and meet the Intact and Damage Stability and reserve buoyancy requirements in accordance with the “Procedures Manual for Stability Analyses of U.S. Navy Small Craft". The vessels have space, weight, and power reserved for future requirements which includes weapons and their systems. The cutters have
1653-478: The September 2022 commissioning of USCGC Douglas Denman , it was announced that she had several upgrades compared to the two cutters deployed to Ketchikan, Alaska six years previously. These include an improved bow thruster and radar system and the addition of a forward-looking infrared camera. Though initially stationed at Ketchikan, Douglas Denman will eventually be homeported at Sitka when port infrastructure improvements have been completed there. In March 2024,
1710-620: The UK and Ireland Finnish Red Cross Finance [ edit ] First Republic Bank , an American bank First Round Capital , an American venture capital firm First Reserve Corporation , an American private equity firm Education [ edit ] Feather River College , in California, US Fort Richmond Collegiate , a high school in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Government [ edit ] Family Records Centre ,
1767-454: The USCG had withdrawn a contract from Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman for the construction of an initial flawed design of what would eventually become the Sentinel class. Allen announced that instead of the initial high-tech design Bollinger would build vessels based on an existing design, and the new program would focus more on existing " off-the-shelf " technology. The design chosen
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1824-535: The attacks that their "random cruelty marked them as typical Abu Nidal operations." The ANO carried out attacks in 20 countries worldwide, killing or injuring about 1,650 people. Targets include the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Israel, moderate Palestinians , the PLO , and various Arab and European countries. The group has not attacked Western targets since the late 1980s. Major attacks included
1881-460: The building if Abu Dawud was not released from jail in Jordan, where he had been arrested in February 1973 for an attempt on King Hussein 's life. Following the incident, Mahmoud Abbas of the PLO took flight to Iraq to meet Abu Nidal. In the meeting Abbas became so angry, that he stormed out of the meeting, followed by the other PLO delegates, and from that point on, the PLO regarded Abu Nidal as
1938-642: The country's government failed to respond to a fuel request. In February 2024, Clarence Sutphin Jr. intercepted a shipment of weaponry on its way to the Houthi militia in the Red Sea. Charles "Skip" W. Bowen , who was then the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard , is credited with leading the initiative of naming the vessels after enlisted rank individuals who served heroically in
1995-495: The execution of traitors within the movement. Each new recruit of the ANO was given several days to write down his life story and sign a paper agreeing to his execution if anything was found to be untrue. Every so often, the recruit would be asked to rewrite the whole story. Any discrepancies were taken as evidence that he was a spy and he would be made to write it out again, often after days of being beaten and nights spent forced to sleep standing up. British journalist Alec Collett
2052-440: The final 26 Sentinel-class fast-response cutters. That brought to 58 the total number of FRCs that the USCG ordered from Bollinger. Acquiring the 58 cutters was expected to cost the federal government $ 3.8 billion — an average of about $ 65 million per cutter. By June 2016, 38 of the projected 58 FRCs had been ordered and 17 were in service. The Miami and Key West chorts were complete. The 18th fast response cutter, Joseph Tezanos ,
2109-546: The first of a projected series of 46.8-meter (154 ft) cutters. In September 2008 the series was expected to comprise a maximum of 24 to 34 cutters but by the time the prototype cutter, which became USCGC Bernard C. Webber , entered service in 2012 the planned number of Sentinel-class cutters had grown to 58. They replaced the 37 remaining aging, 1980s-era 110 ft Island-class patrol boats. USCGC Bernard C. Webber and all following Sentinel-class vessels are named after enlisted Coast Guard heroes. Bernard C. Webber
2166-536: The freighter El Faro when she was lost at sea during Hurricane Joaquin in October 2015. In 2018 and 2019 Oliver Berry and Joseph Gerczak made voyages beyond the design range, on missions from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands and American Samoa . Both voyages took nine days. In August 2022, one of the ships in the Sentinel class, Oliver Henry , was stuck in the Solomon Islands after
2223-587: The group to perform numerous attacks against the PLO, which had made clear it accepted a negotiated solution to the conflict. Fatah-RC is believed to have assassinated PLO deputy chief Abu Iyad and PLO security chief Abul Hul in Tunis in January 1991. It assassinated a Jordanian diplomat in Lebanon in January 1994 and has been linked to the killing of the PLO representative there. Noted PLO moderate Issam Sartawi
2280-596: The guerrilla was the "living example of paranoia". Fast Response Cutter The Sentinel-class cutter , also known as the Fast Response Cutter or FRC due to its program name, is part of the United States Coast Guard 's Deepwater program. At 154 feet (46.8 m), it is similar to, but larger than, the 123-foot (37 m) lengthened 1980s-era Island-class patrol boats that it replaces. Up to 71 vessels are to be built by
2337-465: The hulls and other elements of the robot ships would be based on the Sentinels, and built in the same factory. In August 2021, the Coast Guard exercised its option to order four more Sentinel-class cutters—the 61st through 64th—from Bollinger. Bollinger planned to build the ships at Bollinger's Lockport, Louisiana facility and deliver the first of the four vessels in the fall of 2024 and the last in
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2394-683: The rift between the two groups, and the two men, was complete. In June the same year, ANO formed the Rejectionist Front , a political coalition that opposed the Ten Point Program adopted by the Palestine Liberation Organization in its 12th Palestinian National Congress session. Abu Nidal then moved to Ba'athist Iraq where he set up the ANO, which soon began a string of terrorist attacks aimed at Israel and Western countries. Setting himself up as
2451-616: The summer of 2025. In 2022, the Coast Guard awarded a $ 30 million contract to install a fixed pier and two floating docks to accommodate FRCs at East Tongue Point in Oregon. The first new cutter is expected to arrive at Astoria, Oregon in March 2024 rather than in 2021 as originally planned. In March 2022, President Joe Biden signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2022, which provided $ 130 million in funding for two additional FRCs, bringing
2508-492: The total number to 66. In August 2022, the Coast Guard exercised its contract option for the first of these additional cutters, to be delivered by Bollinger in 2025. This order expanded the total value of the Phase 2 contract with Bollinger Shipyards to US$ 1.8 billion. On May 8, 2024 the Coast Guard exercised a contract option for two additional FRCs, bringing the total vessels built by or under contract with Bollinger to 67 and
2565-457: The total value of the Phase 2 contract to about US$ 2 billion. The two new FRCs are expected to be delivered in fiscal year 2028. The vessels perform various Coast Guard missions which include but are not limited to PWCS (Ports, Waterways, and Coastal Security), Defense Operations, Maritime Law Enforcement (Drug/migrant interdiction and other Law Enforcement), Search and Rescue, Marine Safety, and environment protection. The vessels are armed with
2622-471: Was announced on April 2, 2014. In 2013 the name of Joseph Napier was reassigned to WPC-1115 when WPC-1110 was named after the recently deceased Commander Raymond Evans . The other ten new namesakes were: Winslow W. Griesser , Richard H. Patterson , Joseph Tezanos , Rollin A. Fritch , Lawrence O. Lawson , John F. McCormick , Bailey T. Barco , Benjamin B. Dailey , Donald R. Horsley , and Jacob L. A. Poroo . The 17th cutter (ex-USCGC Richard Patterson )
2679-426: Was announced that the U.S. Coast Guard had exercised a $ 225 million option at Bollinger Shipyards for construction through 2017 of an additional six Sentinel-class Fast Response Cutters (FRCs), bringing the total number of FRCs under contract with Bollinger to 30. Later that number was increased to 32 cutters. In May 2016, Bollinger Shipyards announced that the U.S. Coast Guard had awarded it a new contract for building
2736-445: Was assassinated on the orders of Iraqi president Saddam Hussein . The Abu Nidal Organization was established by Sabri Khalil al-Bannah (Abu Nidal) , known by his nom de guerre Abu Nidal, a Palestinian Arab nationalist and a former Ba'ath party member. Abu Nidal long argued that PLO membership should be open to all Arabs , not just Palestinians. He also argued that Palestine must be established as an Arab state, stretching from
2793-611: Was commissioned, a profile in The Philadelphia Inquirer asserted off-duty crew members had access to satellite television broadcasts. The vessels come equipped with a desalination unit. Press coverage of the vessels' operational histories suggests they have been effective at interdicting refugees who resort to dangerous overloaded small boats, and effective at capturing drug smugglers. The cutters have intercepted smugglers carrying large shipments of drugs. In February 2017 Joseph Napier intercepted
2850-595: Was delivered to the Coast Guard in Key West, Florida, in June 2016 en route to completing the San Juan cohort. On August 9, 2018 the Coast Guard exercised its contract option to order six more Sentinel-class cutters. These would be the 45th through 50th cutters of that class. With this order, the total value of orders under the contract grew to almost US$ 929 million. On August 21 the 30th fast response cutter, Robert Ward ,
2907-504: Was delivered. On July 31, 2019 the Coast Guard exercised its contract option to order another six Sentinel-class cutters. These would be the 51st through 56th cutters of that class. With this order, the total value of orders under the contract grew to about US$ 1.23 billion. Under the contract, the Coast Guard could order as many as 58 cutters, at a total cost of US$ 1.42 billion. The six new cutters were expected to be delivered starting in late 2022 and ending in late 2023. In September 2020,
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#17327657676332964-490: Was established to carry on an armed struggle in pursuit of pan-Arabism and the destruction of Israel . Like other Palestinian militant groups, the ANO carried out worldwide hijackings, assassinations, kidnappings of diplomats, and attacks on synagogues . It was responsible for 90 terrorist attacks between 1974 and 1992. In 2002, Abu Nidal died under disputed circumstances in Baghdad , with Palestinian sources claiming that he
3021-521: Was killed by the ANO in Aita al-Foukhar (village in Lebanon) in 1986. He was hanged on a rope and was shot in retaliation to US air raids on Libya. By 1987, Abu Nidal used extreme torture tactics on members of the ANO who were suspected of betrayal and disloyalty. The tactics included hanging prisoners naked, whipping them until unconsciousness, using salt or chili powder to revive them, forcing them into
3078-563: Was killed by the Fatah-RC in 1983. In October 1974, the group also made a failed assassination attempt on the present Palestinian president and PLO chairman, Mahmoud Abbas . These attacks, and numerous others, led to the PLO issuing a death sentence in absentia against Abu Nidal. In the early 1990s, it made an attempt to gain control of a refugee camp in Lebanon , but this was thwarted by PLO organizations. The ANO's official newspaper Filastin al-Thawra regularly carried stories announcing
3135-633: Was largely based on the Damen Stan 4708 patrol vessels from the Netherlands firm the Damen Group . The South African government operates three similar 154 ft Lillian Ngoyi -class vessels for environmental and fishery patrol. In September 2008, Bollinger Shipyards in Lockport, Louisiana, was awarded US$ 88 million to build the prototype first vessel in its class. That prototype was
3192-733: Was launched in April 2011, and commissioned in April 2012 at the Port of Miami. She and five sister ships are stationed in Miami , Florida . The second cohort of six vessels is homeported in Key West, Florida . The third cohort of six vessels is homeported in San Juan, Puerto Rico . As of October 2024, the Coast Guard plans to station most of the Sentinel-class cutters in the United States, but
3249-424: Was renamed as Donald Horsley after request of the Patterson Family, and the 24th cutter (ex-USCGC Donald Horsley ) then was renamed as Oliver Berry . In July 2014, Coast Guard Commandant Paul Zukunft announced that the Coast Guard would name an additional cutter after Senior Chief Petty Officer Terrell Horne , the first Coast Guard member to be murdered in the line of duty since 1927. In February 2015,
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