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56-693: In 1995, Patrizia Sandretto Re Rebaudengo established the Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, initially showing her growing collection in the family home at the Palazzo Re Rebaudengo in Guarene d'Alba . In 2002, the Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo opened a low-built minimalist building in the Borgo San Paolo district in the urban center of Turin, as a dedicated art space. The building was previously

112-469: A Mini car that he had decorated for charity with his trademark spots was being exhibited as a serious artwork. The show also scuppered a prospective Hirst retrospective at Tate Modern . He said Saatchi was "childish" and "I'm not Charles Saatchi's barrel-organ monkey ... He only recognises art with his wallet ... he believes he can affect art values with buying power, and he still believes he can do it." In September 2003, he had an exhibition Romance in

168-524: A Fergat automobile factory before being converted into a contemporary arts space by architect Claudio Silvestrin , which opened to the public in 2002. The design of the building won a gold medal for Italian Architecture at the Milan Triennial in 2003. In 2017, the foundation announced plans to open a venue in Nave 9 of Matadero Madrid , a 6,300 m (67,800 sq ft) space that was formerly

224-474: A Thousand Years . As a result of the show, Hirst was nominated for that year's Turner Prize , but it was awarded to Grenville Davey . Hirst's first major international presentation was in the Venice Biennale in 1993 with the work, Mother and Child Divided , a cow and a calf cut into sections and exhibited in a series of separate vitrines. He curated the show Some Went Mad, Some Ran Away in 1994 at

280-619: A clear display case. In September 2008, Hirst made an unprecedented move for a living artist by selling a complete show, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever , at Sotheby's by auction and bypassing his long-standing galleries. The auction raised £111 million ($ 198 million), breaking the record for a one-artist auction as well as Hirst's own record with £10.3 million for The Golden Calf , an animal with 18-carat gold horns and hooves, preserved in formaldehyde. Since 1999, Hirst's works have been challenged and contested as plagiarised 16 times. In one instance, after his sculpture Hymn

336-510: A country as big as America. So on one level they kind of need congratulating, which a lot of people shy away from, which is a very dangerous thing. The next week, following public outrage at his remarks, he issued a statement through his company, Science Ltd: I apologise unreservedly for any upset I have caused, particularly to the families of the victims of the events on that terrible day. In 2002, Hirst gave up smoking and drinking after his wife Maia had complained and "had to move out because I

392-566: A cover image for the Band Aid 20 charity single featuring the " Grim Reaper " in late 2004, and image showing an African child perched on his knee. This design was not to the liking of the record company executives, and was replaced by reindeer in the snow standing next to a child. In December 2004, The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living was sold by Saatchi to American collector Steve Cohen, for $ 8 million, in

448-870: A deal negotiated by Hirst's New York agent, Gagosian. Cohen, a Greenwich hedge fund manager, then donated the work to The Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York. Sir Nicholas Serota had wanted to acquire it for the Tate Gallery, and Hugo Swire , Shadow Minister for the Arts, tabled a question to ask if the government would ensure it stayed in the country. Hirst exhibited 30 paintings at the Gagosian Gallery in New York in March 2005. These had taken 3½ years to complete. They were closely based on photos, mostly by assistants (who were rotated between paintings) but with

504-612: A disused London Port Authority administrative block in London's Docklands . He gained sponsorship for this event from the London Docklands Development Corporation . The show was visited by Charles Saatchi , Norman Rosenthal and Nicholas Serota , thanks to the influence of his Goldsmiths lecturer Michael Craig-Martin . Hirst's own contribution to the show consisted of a cluster of cardboard boxes painted with household paint. After graduating, Hirst

560-617: A final finish by Hirst. Also in 2005, Hirst founded the art book publisher Other Criteria. In February 2006, he opened a major show in Mexico, at the Hilario Galguera Gallery, called The Death of God, Towards a Better Understanding of Life without God aboard The Ship of Fools , an exhibition that attracted considerable media coverage as Hirst's first show in Latin America. In June that year, he exhibited alongside

616-479: A head in 2003 and the relationship ended. Death is a central theme in Hirst's works. He became famous for a series of artworks in which dead animals (including a shark, a sheep, and a cow) are preserved, sometimes having been dissected, in formaldehyde . The best-known of these was The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living , a 14-foot (4.3 m) tiger shark immersed in formaldehyde in

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672-484: A photograph of Away from the Flock was reproduced in the 1997 book by Hirst I want to spend the rest of my life everywhere, with everyone, one-to-one, always, forever, now, the vandalism was referenced by allowing the tank to be obscured by pulling a card, reproducing the effect of ink being poured into the tank; this resulted in Hirst being sued by Bridger for violating his copyright on Black Sheep. In 1995, Hirst won

728-537: A reported £1m) was given pole position at the show Ant Noises (an anagram of "sensation") in the Saatchi Gallery. Hirst was then sued himself for breach of copyright over this sculpture (see Appropriation below). Hirst sold three more copies of his sculpture for similar amounts to the first. In September 2000, in New York, Larry Gagosian held the Hirst show, Damien Hirst: Models, Methods, Approaches, Assumptions, Results and Findings . 100,000 people visited

784-606: A slaughterhouse. The space was to be designed by David Adjaye . By 2020, these plans were canceled, citing “structural problems” involved with the space in which it was to be set. In 2018, Patrizia Sandretto Re Rebaudengo and her husband Agostino Re Rebaudengo purchased the island of San Giacomo in Paludo , including three powder magazines built in 1810 by Napoleon. Since 2022, it is being converted into an arts space. The Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo regularly commissions artists to produce new work. Several commissions were shown at

840-1010: A trip to London, where she visited Anish Kapoor ’s studio and met art world figures like Nicholas Logsdail of Lisson Gallery, Jay Jopling of White Cube , and future Tate director Nicholas Serota . In 1995, she established the Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo, initially displaying her growing collection in her family home in Guarene. In 2002, she opened a dedicated art space in Turin , designed by Claudio Silvestrin . Sandretto Re Rebaudengo owns an extensive collection of works of contemporary art and has supported and commissioned around 100 art projects. Her collection includes works by artists of her generation such as Carla Accardi and Mario Merz , younger artists like Avery Singer and Adrián Villar Rojas , around 1,000 pieces of costume jewelry, roughly 3,000 photographs, and works by major artists like Maurizio Cattelan and Damien Hirst . Her collection

896-607: A very strong way." Responding to this show at the Rijksmuseum and to the piece more generally in a feature-length article on the entwined histories of European art and double-entry bookkeeping , the art historian Rachel Cohen wrote: Two years [after the sale of For the Love of God ], with financial markets imploding on every side, it was reported that the work had in fact been sold to a holding company that turned out to consist of Hirst's gallerist, his business manager, his friend

952-408: A white minimal box, turn into flies, then feed on a bloody, severed cow's head on the floor of a claustrophobic glass vitrine. Above, hatched flies buzz around in the closed space. Many meet a violent end in an insect-o-cutor; others survive to continue the cycle. A Thousand Years was admired by Bacon, who in a letter to a friend a month before he died, wrote about the experience of seeing the work at

1008-596: Is an English artist and art collector. He is one of the Young British Artists (YBAs) who dominated the art scene in the UK during the 1990s. He is reportedly the United Kingdom's richest living artist, with his wealth estimated at US$ 384 million in the 2020 Sunday Times Rich List . During the 1990s his career was closely linked with the collector Charles Saatchi , but increasing frictions came to

1064-591: Is an Italian contemporary art collector, patron and private museum owner, known for her extensive collection, support of young artists, and her role in transforming cultural spaces. She is the president of the Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo . Sandretto Re Rebaudengo graduated in Economics and Commerce before venturing into contemporary art collecting in the early 1990s. Her journey into contemporary art began in 1992 during

1120-400: Is of a girl in leg irons holding a collecting box. In Hirst's version the collecting box is shown broken open and is empty. Charity was exhibited in the centre of Hoxton Square , in front of White Cube. Inside the gallery downstairs were 12 vitrines representing Jesus's disciples, each case containing mostly gruesome, often blood-stained, items relevant to the particular disciple. At the end

1176-467: The 2024 Venice Biennale . She is married to Agostino Re Rebaudengo, founder of Asja Ambiente Italia, a renewable energy company, and co-founder and vice-president of the Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo. They have two sons. She is also known for her collection of vintage American costume jewelry, which she has been collecting since the late 1980s. Damien Hirst Damien Steven Hirst ( / h ɜːr s t / ; né Brennan ; born 7 June 1965)

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1232-568: The Hayward Gallery in 1983. Davison created abstract collages from torn and cut coloured paper which, Hirst said, "blew me away", and which he modelled his own work on for the next two years. He worked for two years on London building sites, then studied Fine Art at Goldsmiths College (1986–89), although again he was refused a place the first time he applied. In 2007, Hirst was quoted as saying of An Oak Tree by Goldsmiths' senior tutor, Michael Craig-Martin : "That piece is, I think,

1288-474: The Serpentine Gallery in London, where he exhibited Away from the Flock (a sheep in a tank of formaldehyde). On 9 May, Mark Bridger, a 35-year-old artist from Oxford, walked into the gallery and poured black ink into the tank, and retitled the work Black Sheep . He was subsequently prosecuted, at Hirst's wish, and was given two years' probation. The sculpture was restored at a cost of £1,000. When

1344-693: The Venice Biennale , such as Doug Aitken 's eight-channel video installation Electric Earth in 1999, which won the international prize, and Alicja Kwade 's WeltenLinie (2017). During the Venice Biennale in 2001, she had Maurizio Cattelan install a life-size replica of the Hollywood Sign in a garbage dump outside Palermo. Since 2017, the foundation has been collaborating with the Philadelphia Museum of Art to produce time-based works, with Rachel Rose and Martine Syms being

1400-501: The Age of Uncertainty at Jay Jopling's White Cube gallery in London, which made him a reported £11m, bringing his wealth to over £35m. It was reported that a sculpture, Charity , had been sold for £1.5m to a Korean, Kim Chang-Il, who intended to exhibit it in his department store's gallery in Seoul . The 22-foot (6.7m), 6-ton sculpture was based on the 1960s Spastic Society's model, which

1456-597: The International Councils of New York’s Museum of Modern Art and London’s Tate. In 2018, Sandretto Re Rebaudengo and her husband bought the island of San Giacomo in Paludo in the Venice lagoon. The island, abandoned since the 1960s, is being transformed into a multicultural center for culture and sustainability. The project includes artist residencies, exhibitions, performances, and research activities in sustainability and renewable energy, set to open for

1512-574: The Rest of My Life Everywhere, with Everyone, One to One, Always, Forever, Now , was published. With Alex James of the band Blur and actor Keith Allen , he formed the band Fat Les , achieving a number 2 hit with a raucous football-themed song Vindaloo , followed up by Jerusalem with the London Gay Men's Chorus . Hirst also painted a simple colour pattern for the Beagle 2 probe. This pattern

1568-510: The Russian billionaire art collector Viktor Pinchuk, and Hirst himself. There were then those who, staring at their own newly empty stock portfolios, found in the title apt expression of their feelings. The work itself, with its diamond-laden eye sockets and its original inhabitant's grinning teeth, seems unperturbed by any hollowness of value in the financial or art markets. It does not matter to this cynical epitome of our glittering age whether it

1624-416: The Saatchi Gallery in London. Margarita Coppack notes that "It is as if Bacon, a painter with no direct heir in that medium, was handing the baton on to a new generation." Hirst has openly acknowledged his debt to Bacon, absorbing the painter's visceral images and obsessions early on and giving them concrete existence in sculptural form with works like A Thousand Years . Hirst gained the world record for

1680-464: The Saatchi Gallery opened at new premises in County Hall, London , with a show that included a Hirst retrospective. This brought a developing strain in his relationship with Saatchi to a head (one source of contention had been who was most responsible for boosting their mutual profile). Hirst disassociated himself from the retrospective to the extent of not including it in his CV. He was angry that

1736-535: The Turner Prize. New York public health officials banned Two Fucking and Two Watching featuring a rotting cow and bull, because of fears of "vomiting among the visitors". There were solo shows in Seoul , London and Salzburg . He directed the video for the song " Country House " for the band Blur . No Sense of Absolute Corruption , his first solo show in the Gagosian Gallery in New York was staged

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1792-573: The early 1990s for rather less, his first installations costing under £10,000. On 24 May 2004, a fire in the Momart storage warehouse destroyed many works from the Saatchi collection, including 17 of Hirst's, although the sculpture Charity survived, as it was outside in the builder's yard. That July, Hirst said of Saatchi, "I respect Charles. There's not really a feud. If I see him, we speak, but we were never really drinking buddies." Hirst designed

1848-590: The first artists chosen. In addition to exhibitions, the Fondazione Sandretto Re Rebaudengo also strives to support the contemporary scene through several programs, such as their Young Curators' Residency Program (YCRP), which annually selects three recent graduates of international curatorial programs to research Italian contemporary art, and CAMPO (established in 2012), a curatorial course for students based in Italy. Patrizia Sandretto Re Rebaudengo Patrizia Sandretto Re Rebaudengo (born Turin , 24 April 1959)

1904-645: The following year. In London the short film, Hanging Around , was shown—written and directed by Hirst and starring Eddie Izzard . In 1997 the Sensation exhibition opened at the Royal Academy in London. A Thousand Years and other works by Hirst were included, but the main controversy occurred over other artists' works. It was nevertheless seen as the formal acceptance of the YBAs into the establishment. In 1997, his autobiography and art book, I Want To Spend

1960-427: The greatest piece of conceptual sculpture. I still can't get it out of my head." While a student, Hirst had a placement at a mortuary , an experience that influenced his later themes and materials. While an art student, Hirst was an assistant at Anthony d'Offay ' s gallery. In July 1988, in his second year at Goldsmiths College, Hirst was the main organiser of an independent student exhibition, Freeze , in

2016-780: The moment if I did certain things people would look at it, consider it and then say 'f off'. But after a while you can get away with things." 1987 – Damien Hirst and Holden Rowan, Old Court Gallery, Windsor Arts Centre, Windsor, UK – Curator Derek Culley 1988 – Damien Hirst: Constructions and Sculpture, Old Court Gallery, Windsor, UK -Curator Derek Culley 1988 – Freeze, Surrey Docks, London, UK 1989 – New Contemporaries, Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, UK 1990 – Modern Medicine, Building One, London, UK 1990 – Gambler, Building One, London, UK 1990 – Building One, Emmanuel Perrotin Gallery, Paris, FR His first solo exhibition, organised by Tamara Chodzko – Dial, In and Out of Love ,

2072-641: The most expensive work of art by a living artist —his Lullaby Spring in June 2007, when a 3-metre-wide steel cabinet with 6,136 pills sold for 19.2 million dollars to Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani , the Emir of Qatar . In June 2007, Beyond Belief , an exhibition of Hirst's new work, opened at the White Cube gallery in London. The centre-piece, a Memento Mori titled For the Love of God ,

2128-478: The new work, then that's all you need for copyright infringement... Quantitatively about 80% of the skull is in the second image." In April – September 2009, the exhibition Requiem took place in the Victor Pinchuk art centre. In October 2009, Hirst revealed that he had been painting with his own hand in a style influenced by Francis Bacon for several years. His show of these paintings, No Love Lost ,

2184-590: The result was showcased in 1992 in the first Young British Artists exhibition at the Saatchi Gallery in North London. Hirst's work was titled The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living and was a shark in formaldehyde in a vitrine, and sold for £50,000. The shark had been caught by a commissioned fisherman in Australia and had cost £6,000. The exhibition also included In

2240-451: The second show in a green Rolls-Royce and, according to Freedman, stood open-mouthed with astonishment in front of (and then bought) Hirst's first major "animal" installation, A Thousand Years , consisting of a large glass case containing maggots and flies feeding on a rotting cow's head. They also staged Michael Landy 's Market . At this time, Hirst said, "I can't wait to get into a position to make really bad art and get away with it. At

2296-518: The show in 12 weeks and all the work was sold. On 10 September 2002, on the eve of the first anniversary of the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks, Hirst said in an interview with BBC News Online: The thing about 9/11 is that it's kind of like an artwork in its own right. It was wicked, but it was devised in this way for this kind of impact. It was devised visually... You've got to hand it to them on some level because they've achieved something which nobody would have ever have thought possible, especially to

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2352-400: The work of Francis Bacon ( Triptychs ) at the Gagosian Gallery, Britannia Street, London, an exhibition that included the vitrine, A Thousand Years (1990), and four triptychs: paintings, medicine cabinets and a new formaldehyde work entitled The Tranquility of Solitude (For George Dyer) , influenced by Bacon. A Thousand Years (1990) contains an actual life cycle. Maggots hatch inside

2408-424: The £200 he had made; he said, "I met Christian Zimmermann [from DACS] who told me Hirst personally ordered action on the matter." In June 2009, copyright lawyer Paul Tackaberry compared the two images and said, "This is fairly non-contentious legally. Ask yourself, what portion of the original–and not just the quantity but also the quality–appears in the new work? If a 'substantial portion' of the 'original' appears in

2464-425: Was a human skull recreated in platinum and adorned with 8,601 diamonds weighing a total of 1,106.18 carats. Approximately £15,000,000 worth of diamonds were used. It was modelled on an 18th-century skull, but the only surviving human part of the original is the teeth. The asking price for For the Love of God was £50,000,000 ($ 100 million or 75 million euros). It didn't sell outright, and on 30 August 2008

2520-461: Was an empty vitrine, representing Christ. Upstairs were four small glass cases, each containing a cow's head stuck with scissors and knives. It has been described as an "extraordinarily spiritual experience" in the tradition of Catholic imagery. At this time Hirst bought back 12 works from Saatchi (a third of Saatchi's holdings of Hirst's early works), through Jay Jopling, reportedly for more than £8 million. Hirst had sold these pieces to Saatchi in

2576-801: Was at the Wallace Collection in London. In 2011, Damien Hirst designed the cover of the Red Hot Chili Peppers album I'm with You . Hirst's representation of the British Union Flag formed the arena centrepiece for the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London. In January 2013, Hirst became the third British artist to design the Brit Awards statue using his signature NEO-Pop art style inspired by his 2000 LSD "spot painting." In October 2014, Hirst exhibited big scale capsules, pills and medicines at

2632-657: Was found to be closely based on a child's toy, legal proceedings led to an out-of-court settlement . Hirst was born Damien Steven Brennan in Bristol and grew up in Leeds with his Irish mother who worked for the Citizens Advice Bureau . He never met his father; his mother married his stepfather when Hirst was two, and the couple divorced 10 years later. His stepfather was reportedly a motor mechanic. His mother stated that she lost control of her son when he

2688-737: Was held in an unused shop on Woodstock Street in central London in 1991; already in 1989 he had been part of a group exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Arts , and the Emmanuel Perrotin Gallery in Paris. The Serpentine Gallery presented the first survey of the new generation of artists with the exhibition Broken English , in part curated by Hirst. In 1991 Hirst met the up-and-coming art dealer, Jay Jopling , who then represented him. In 1991, Charles Saatchi had offered to fund whatever artwork Hirst wanted to make, and

2744-548: Was his only successful educational subject. His art teacher at Allerton Grange School "pleaded" for Hirst to be allowed to enter the sixth form, where he took two A-levels, achieving an "E" grade in art. He was refused admission to Jacob Kramer College when he first applied, but attended the art school after a subsequent successful application to the Foundation Diploma course. He went to an exhibition of work by Francis Davison , staged by Julian Spalding at

2800-575: Was included in New Contemporaries show and in a group show at Kettle's Yard gallery in Cambridge . Seeking a gallery dealer, he first approached Karsten Schubert , but was turned down. Hirst, along with his friend Carl Freedman and Billee Sellman, curated two enterprising "warehouse" shows in 1990, Modern Medicine and Gambler , in a Bermondsey former Peek Freans biscuit factory they designated "Building One". Saatchi arrived at

2856-476: Was made for the love of anything but more zeroes. In December 2008, Hirst contacted the Design and Artists Copyright Society (DACS) demanding action be taken over works containing images of his skull sculpture For the Love of God made by a 16-year-old graffiti artist, Cartrain , and sold on the internet gallery 100artworks.com. On the advice of his gallery, Cartrain handed over the artworks to DACS and forfeited

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2912-592: Was showcased in 2023 at Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, in the exhibition “Reaching for the Stars,” celebrating the 30th anniversary of her collection. Sandretto Re Rebaudengo actively supports young artists, particularly through producing and commissioning new works. Her foundation collaborates with various institutions, including a partnership with the Philadelphia Museum of Art for time-based works. Sandretto Re Rebaudengo sits on numerous boards, including

2968-441: Was so horrible". He had met Joe Strummer (former lead singer of The Clash ) at Glastonbury in 1995, becoming good friends and going on annual family holidays with him. Just before Christmas 2002, Strummer died of a heart attack. This had a profound effect on Hirst, who said, "It was the first time I felt mortal". He subsequently devoted a lot of time to founding a charity, Strummerville , to help young musicians. In April 2003,

3024-554: Was sold to a consortium that included Hirst himself and his gallery White Cube. In November 2008, the skull was exhibited at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam next to an exhibition of paintings from the museum collection selected by Hirst. Wim Pijbes, the museum director, said of the exhibition, "It boosts our image. Of course, we do the Old Masters but we are not a 'yesterday institution'. It's for now. And Damien Hirst shows this in

3080-498: Was to be used to calibrate the probe's cameras after it had landed on Mars . He turned down the British Council 's invitation to be the UK's representative at the 1999 Venice Biennale because "it didn't feel right". He threatened to sue British Airways claiming a breach of copyright over an advert design with coloured spots for its low budget airline, Go . In 2000, Hirst's sculpture Hymn (which Saatchi had bought for

3136-424: Was young; he was arrested on two occasions for shoplifting. Hirst sees her as someone who would not tolerate rebellion: she cut up his bondage trousers and heated one of his Sex Pistols vinyl records on the cooker to turn it into a fruit bowl (or a plant pot). He says, "If she didn't like how I was dressed, she would quickly take me away from the bus stop". She did, though, encourage his liking for drawing, which

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