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81-744: Failsworth is a town in the Oldham district, in Greater Manchester , England, 4 miles (6.4 km) north-east of Manchester and 3 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Oldham . The orbital M60 motorway skirts it to the east. The population at the 2011 census was 20,680. Historically in Lancashire , Failsworth until the 19th century was a farming township linked ecclesiastically with Manchester. Inhabitants supplemented their farming income with domestic hand-loom weaving. The humid climate and abundant labour and coal led to weaving of textiles as

162-498: A General Board of Health as a central authority to administer the act. There were three commissioners: the president of the board being the First Commissioner of Her Majesty's Woods and Forests, Land Revenues, Works and Buildings , the other two members being appointed by warrant. The board was originally to be dissolved after five years, but acts of parliament were passed annually allowing for its continuation. Chadwick

243-534: A Lancashire Mill Town with redbrick cotton mills . A current landmark is the Failsworth Pole. Daisy Nook is a country park on the southern edge. Failsworth derives from the Old English fegels and worth , probably meaning an "enclosure with a special kind of fence". Early settlement rested on a road that runs today between Manchester and Yorkshire. This Roman secondary road formed part of

324-571: A social security unit. Its first local authority was a local board of health set up in 1863 and responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation. The board constructed Failsworth Town Hall in 1880. After the Local Government Act 1894 , the area became Failsworth Urban District within the administrative county of Lancashire. In 1933 came a small exchange of land with neighbouring Manchester; in 1954, parts of Limehurst Rural District were added to Failsworth Urban District. Under

405-517: A 24-hour Extra branch superstore on the banks of the wharf. The move was opposed by shop-owners, who claimed they would have lost customers and may have been forced to close. Tesco's arrival had been expected to be a catalyst bringing other stores, bars and restaurants to Failsworth. The only other large store is a branch of Morrisons housed in a building constructed on the demolished site of Marlborough No. 2 Mill. A Failsworth Pole in Oldham Road

486-606: A change in nomenclature: the authorities created by the 1858 act were simply entitled "local boards" and their areas as "local government districts". When the General Board of Health was abolished in 1858 its responsibilities in respect of local government passed to the Secretary of State of the Home Department , in whose department a Local Government Act Office was formed to administer the local boards. In 1871

567-529: A griffin gules each gorged with a collar engrailed argent charged with six bendlets gules pendant therefrom a heptagon argent that on the dexter charged with a pierced mullet that on the sinister with a saddle both sable. Badge or Device: On a heptagon sable environed by an annulet gules an owl argent. Showing status at 31 March 1974 (prior to the Local Government Act 1972 taking effect). Showing former status. The following table shows

648-783: A local board district coincided with a borough, or was entirely within a borough's limits, all the members were selected by the corporation. Where a district was entirely outside a municipality, all the members were elected. In districts which were partly in and partly outside a borough the board had a mixture of selected and elected members. Selected members did not have to be members of the corporation. Borough mayors were ex officio board members. Those entitled to elect board members could have multiple votes depending on how much property they owned. This ranged from one vote for owners of property worth less than £50, to six votes for those holding more than £250 of property. It followed that board members were generally wealthy property owners or members of

729-411: A matter of discretion for the leader whether he/she exercises those powers personally or delegates them. Generally decisions are delegated to individual cabinet members or to the council's cabinet. The cabinet is made up of leader, a deputy leader and up to nine councillors appointed by the leader. The cabinet is responsible for strategic decisions and recommends proposals for approval by full council on

810-551: A national framework of rural districts , urban districts , municipal boroughs and county boroughs , which (apart from the latter which were independent) shared power with strategic county councils of the administrative counties . The areas that were incorporated into the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in 1974 had formed part of Chadderton Urban District , Crompton Urban District , Failsworth Urban District , Lees Urban District and Royton Urban District from

891-605: A network from Manchester up north, probably to Tadcaster near York . The section that ran through Failsworth is still known as Roman Road. It was built above marshland and laid on brushwood with a hard surface. Roman Road has also been known as "Street", a Saxon term meaning "metalled road", indicating that it was also used that later period. Early sources suggest the area was occupied in Saxon times. The small hamlet of scattered dwellings made of rough local stone, mud and clay with thatched roofs, may have been stood on ground higher than

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972-524: A number of acts were passed to encourage it by the compulsory growing of flax. Grants were made to flax growers and duties levied on foreign imports, though Manchester's extensive linen trade used yarn imported from Holland and Ireland. In 1914 the regular Daisy Nook Easter Fair ceased with the outbreak of the First World War , but resumed in 1920. On 8 June 2007, a 1946 work by L. S. Lowry entitled "Good Friday, Daisy Nook" sold for £3,772,000, then

1053-569: A population of 243,912 in 2022, making it the sixth-largest district by population in Greater Manchester. The borough spans 142 square kilometres (55 sq mi). Part of Oldham is rural and semi-rural, with a quarter of the borough lying within the Peak District National Park . The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale lies to the north-west, the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees (of West Yorkshire ) to

1134-799: A section of Dark Peak , the Ladcastle and Den Quarries , the Lowside Brickworks , the Rochdale Canal , and part of the South Pennine Moors . Alexandra Park status on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England was upgraded in 2013 from Grade II to Grade II* due to the large number of listed statues and buildings in the park. It is one of only 30 parks and gardens to receive

1215-560: A separate agency was again formed entitled the Local Government Board , with a President who was frequently a Cabinet member. The Local Government Board also took over the duties of the Poor Law Board . The procedure for adopting the act and constituting a local board was laid out in sections 12 – 17 of the act, and was similar to that in the 1848 act. Changes made included: The method of electing members of

1296-579: A strategic authority running regional services such as transport, strategic planning, emergency services and waste disposal, comprised 106 members drawn from the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester. However, in 1986, along with the five other metropolitan county councils and the Greater London Council , the Greater Manchester County Council was abolished, and most of its powers were devolved to

1377-590: A total of 107 schools in Oldham. This includes 86 primary schools, 15 secondary schools, 5 special schools and 1 independent grammar school. In 2007, the Oldham LEA was ranked 122nd out of 148 in the country—and 8th in Greater Manchester—based on the percentage of pupils attaining at least 5 A*-C grades at GCSE including maths and English (35.4% compared with the national average of 45.8%). In June 2014

1458-446: A view to improving cross-community unity. Officials believed the borough's image was outdated and that "often negative" national media coverage held and continues to hold back businesses and hampers attempts to attract new investors, visitors and external funding. There had been calls for the borough to be renamed to a "settlement-neutral" name (such as those of neighbouring districts of Calderdale , Kirklees and Tameside ) as part of

1539-512: A wider project to bring some of Oldham's civic buildings to life on Google Streetview. There are two railway lines that serve places in the Oldham borough; one is the main line service running between Huddersfield and Manchester , with Greenfield railway station the only station served by this line in the borough, and the only railway station within the borough. The other line is the main line service running between Manchester and Leeds via Halifax and Rochdale, with Mills Hill railway station (in

1620-401: Is Co-op Academy Failsworth , which moved to a new building in 2008 from two buildings known as Upper School and Lower School. It caters for students aged between 11 and 16. The £28-million project brought the town's secondary schooling to come under one roof. It has specialist sports college status. Failsworth's main thoroughfare is Oldham Road (A62) between Manchester and Oldham. The M60

1701-481: Is Oldham Civic Centre . Civil parishes form the bottom tier of statutory local government; the parish councils are involved in planning, management of town and parish centres, and promoting tourism. In 2001, 46,072 people lived in Oldham's two civil parishes— Saddleworth and Shaw and Crompton —20.9% of the borough's population. The rest of the borough is unparished . In 2008 a critical Audit Commission inspection found that Oldham Council's rate of improvement

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1782-790: Is also a frequent service to Manchester city centre and to Huddersfield / Saddleworth via Oldham, with services 180 and 184. Other bus destinations from Failsworth are Ashton-under-Lyne , Chadderton , Huddersfield, Rochdale , Royton , Saddleworth, Shaw & Crompton and Trafford Centre . Failsworth tram stop in Hardman Lane is on the Oldham & Rochdale line of the Manchester Metrolink . At peak times, trams run every 6 minutes south towards East Didsbury via central Manchester and north to Shaw & Crompton or Rochdale via Oldham. At off-peak times, trams run every 12 minutes to East Didsbury and Rochdale. Previously this

1863-468: Is an orbital motorway circling Greater Manchester, with access via Junction 22. Its completion around 1995–2000 saw the installation of a graded junction and other notable changes to the A62. It led to several rows of buildings around the junction being demolished. There are frequent buses through Failsworth between Manchester city centre and Oldham on First Greater Manchester 's 83 overground service. There

1944-609: Is higher in Oldham (15.8 people per hectare) than in England (4.1) although it is lower than that for Greater Manchester (21). Females continue to make up over half (51%) of Oldham's population, which is comparable to Greater Manchester, North West and national figures (50.6%, 50.9%, 50.8% respectively). Oldham has a younger age structure than England, with under 16s making up 22.4% of the population in Oldham compared with 18.9% nationally. People aged 75 and over make up 6.5% of Oldham's population compared with 7.8% of England's population. Despite improvements in school and college outcomes,

2025-779: Is traversed by the A62 road between Manchester and Oldham, by the former rail line of the Oldham Loop and by the Rochdale Canal , across its north-west corner. The M60 motorway passes through. For the Office for National Statistics , Failsworth counts as part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area . The land in Failsworth slopes gently from east to west away from the Pennines and from brooks that bound it on

2106-529: The House of Commons by Lucy Powell MP of the Labour Party. At 53°30′37″N 2°9′27″W  /  53.51028°N 2.15750°W  / 53.51028; -2.15750 (53.5102°, −2.1575°) Failsworth lies 163 miles (262 km) north-north-west of London, as the southern tip of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, sharing borders with Manchester (north to south-west) and Tameside (south to east). It

2187-600: The Local Government Act 1972 , Failsworth Urban District was abolished. Since 1 April 1974 it has formed an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham , a local government district within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester . Failsworth contains two of the twenty wards of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham; Failsworth East and Failsworth West. Failsworth lies in Manchester Central (UK Parliament constituency) , represented in

2268-560: The Manchester Grammar School . The Oldham family arms were: Sable a chevron Or between three owls argent on a chief of the second as many roses gules. The owls were a " canting " reference, or heraldic pun, on the original pronunciation of the name. This is still reflected in the local pronunciation of "Ow'dom". In the Metropolitan Borough's arms the gold chief (upper third of the shield) and chevron have "invected" or fluted edges. The arms are further differenced by

2349-768: The Metropolis already under the control of sewer commissioners . The Act was passed by the Whig government of Lord John Russell , in response to the urging of Edwin Chadwick . This was supported by reports, from the Royal Commission on the Health of Towns (formed in 1843) and local branches of the Health of Towns Association (formed in 1844), of poor and insanitary conditions in many UK cities. The act created

2430-527: The Public Health Act 1848 ( 11 & 12 Vict. c. 63). The aim of the act was to improve the sanitary condition of towns and populous places in England and Wales by placing: the supply of water; sewerage; drainage; cleansing; paving, and environmental health regulation under a single local body. The act could be applied to any place in England and Wales except the City of London and some other areas in

2511-437: The "new arrangement is a compromise which seeks to reconcile familiar geography which commands a certain amount of affection and loyalty, with the scale of operations on which modern planning methods can work effectively". The borough is noted as one of the more unpopular amalgamations of territory created by local government reform in the 1970s. This being especially true of residents of the parish of Saddleworth who viewed

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2592-451: The A62 with Ashton Road West stands a cenotaph built in 1923 for over 200 Failsworth men who were killed in the First World War . Attendances at the cenotaph on Remembrance Sunday remain high at about 2,000. The annual parade is led by 202 Field Squadron, RE (TA) , which is based in Failsworth. In June 2007 the war memorial was rededicated after a £136,000 makeover and opened by Colonel Sir John B. Timmins. The local comprehensive school

2673-524: The Lord of Manchester as part of his fee simple . The Byron family came to acquire the whole township in the mid-13th century. Apart from a small estate held by Cockersand Abbey , Failsworth passed to the Chetham family and was then sold on to smaller holders. By 1663, 50 households were registered. Life centred on natural resources, agriculture and stock farming, with many were employed as labourers to work

2754-590: The Oldham Education and Skills Commission was launched, chaired by former Education Secretary Estelle Morris. This 12-month inquiry is to review Oldham's classrooms from 0 to 19 years and aims at raising standards and aspirations so that every child can achieve their full potential. It will report findings in June 2015. There were 11 Grade II* listed buildings , and 524 Grade II in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, and thirty-six Conservation Areas. Although

2835-541: The Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council. The twenty wards are: Following the 1974 reorganisation, a new coat of arms was granted to Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council, based closely on that of the predecessor Oldham County Borough Council. Like the county borough's arms, which dated from 1894, the new coat is derived from the arms of the Oldham family. The most famous member of the family was Hugh Oldham , Bishop of Exeter and founder of

2916-463: The administrative county of Lancashire , Saddleworth Urban District from the West Riding of Yorkshire , and the politically independent County Borough of Oldham . By the early 1970s, nationally, this system of demarcation was described as "archaic" and "grossly inadequate to keep pace both with the impact of motor travel, and with the huge increases in local government responsibilities". After

2997-578: The arms of the Byrons. From the collars hang heptagons , the seven sides representing the union of seven councils. One heptagon bears a black spur-rowel from the Assheton family arms, the other a black saddle, recalling the derivation of the name "Saddleworth". The badge is a black heptagon bearing a silver owl, the whole contained within a red annulet. The Latin motto of the county borough continues in use: Sapere Aude or "dare to be wise" refers to

3078-559: The arms. Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council was granted supporters and a heraldic badge . The supporters recall the local authorities merged in 1974, and are made up of portions of the arms of the ancient manorial lords . The red griffins come from the arms of the Chadderton and Chetham families. Each griffin wears a collar with an "engrailed" edge recalling the arms of the Radcliffe family. Each collar bears red bendlets from

3159-631: The award in the North West and the only open space in Oldham to receive the distinction. Alexandra Park has also been a Green Flag Award winner. It was reported in March 2014 that within the year the Grade II-listed Old Town Hall would be transformed into an entertainment complex with a cinema and restaurants in Oldham town centre. A 360-degree virtual tour of the building was put online before restoration work began as part of

3240-458: The board remained the same, although existing or new boards could now be divided into wards. The Town Police Clauses Act 1847 had included model clauses for the government of towns which could be adopted in all or in part by existing borough corporations, local boards of health or improvement commissioners. The application of these was very uneven, so they were incorporated into the 1858 act, all local boards gaining these powers. Areas covered by

3321-636: The borough has no Grade I listed buildings , it does have the second highest number of Grade II buildings in Greater Manchester after Manchester. The listed buildings range from former weavers' cottages in Saddleworth to some of the large former cotton mills in the West of the borough through to fine civic buildings such as the Old Town Hall in Oldham town centre. Oldham has two of Greater Manchester's 38 Scheduled Monuments . Castleshaw Roman fort

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3402-641: The borough of Rochdale, and the most used station of the 3 mentioned) serving North Chadderton and Mills Hill , and Moston railway station (in the borough of Manchester) serving South Chadderton and Hollinwood. A former railway line, the Oldham Loop Line has been converted to be part of the Manchester Metrolink light rail network. Oldham & Rochdale Line services serve Derker , Shaw & Crompton , Oldham Mumps , Freehold , South Chadderton , Hollinwood and Failsworth . Local board of health The first local boards were created under

3483-467: The borough to be renamed, but that possibility was dismissed during the rebranding of 2008. In the early 20th century, following some exchanges of land, there were attempts to amalgamate Chadderton Urban District with the County Borough of Oldham. However, this was resisted by councillors from Chadderton Urban District Council. The Oldham borough underwent a rebranding exercise in 2008 with

3564-421: The boroughs. Since 1986, Oldham Council has effectively been a unitary authority that serves as the sole executive , deliberative and legislative body responsible for setting local policy, and allocating budget. Its duties also include setting levels of council tax , monitoring the health service in the borough, providing social care, and providing funding for schools. The borough's centre of administration

3645-409: The budget, Council tax levels and the council's policy framework. Some decisions are delegated by council to district executives. There are six districts containing between two and five wards; Chadderton, Failsworth & Hollinwood, Oldham, Royton, Saddleworth & Lees and Shaw & Crompton. Membership of each district executive is drawn from the elected councillors within each district. Since

3726-468: The clauses were: The local board also took over any lamps, lamp posts and gas posts provided by the Lighting and Watching Act 1833 , and was given a new power to provide a market place where one was required or inadequate. The number of local boards peaked at 721 in 1873. In that year the Public Health Act 1872 merged local boards into municipal boroughs and improvement commissioners where they shared

3807-415: The council's formation it has generally been under the control of the Labour Party. Since 2011, the Labour Party has had overall control and now holds 32 of the 60 seats on the council. Aside from Oldham, the borough covers other towns and villages including: The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is divided into 20 electoral wards, each which elects three councillors who generally sit for a four-year term on

3888-471: The district and board did not change however, the local board assuming extra duties as a sanitary authority. Local boards and local government districts were finally abolished by the Local Government Act 1894 ( 56 & 57 Vict. c. 73), when all urban sanitary districts became urban districts . A new urban district council was to govern the district. The new council was to be directly elected by all those entitled to voted in parliamentary elections, replacing

3969-439: The district. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham has two civil parishes and 20 electoral wards . Noted as one of the more unpopular amalgamations of territory created by local government reform in the 1970s, the Oldham borough underwent a £100,000 rebranding exercise in early 2008. The town has no listed buildings with a Grade I rating, and the borough's architecture has been described as "mediocre". There have been calls for

4050-503: The east, and the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside to the south. The City of Manchester lies directly to the south west and the Derbyshire Borough of High Peak lies directly to the south east, but Derbyshire is only bordered by high moorland near Black Hill and is not accessible by road. Following both the Local Government Act 1888 and Local Government Act 1894 , local government in England had been administered via

4131-547: The exploration of reform, such as the proposals made by the Redcliffe-Maud Report in the late 1960s, the Local Government Act 1972 restructured local government in England by creating a system of two-tier metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties and districts throughout the country. The act formally established the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham as a local government district of the new metropolitan county of Greater Manchester on 1 April 1974. The district

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4212-476: The firm of Failsworth Hats was set up in 1903 to manufacture silk hats. For a time the company had a factory near the former Failsworth Council offices and it remains in the area to this day. Other activities include electrical goods manufacture (such as Russell Hobbs ) by Spectrum Brands , formerly Pifco Ltd), and plastic production and distribution by Hubron Ltd. In July 2007, the Tesco supermarket chain opened

4293-582: The highest bid ever paid for one of his paintings. Another painting by Lowry from 1953, "Fun Fair at Daisy Nook", sold for £3.4 million in 2011. Lying within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire since the early 12th century, medieval Failsworth formed a township in the parish of Manchester and hundred of Salford . After the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 , Failsworth joined the Manchester Poor Law Union ,

4374-420: The industry of employment was 20.4% retail and wholesale, 20.3% manufacturing, 10.7% health and social work, 9.2% property and business services, 7.5% education, 7.1% construction, 6.7% transport and communications, 5.0% public administration and defence, 4.6% hotels and restaurants, 3.6% finance, 0.8% energy and water supply, 0.5% agriculture, and 3.7% other. This was roughly in line with national figures, although

4455-481: The land, though tradesmen such as a tailor, a felt maker, a shoemaker, a joiner and a weaver supported them. The earliest record of a place of worship is Dob Lane Chapel, dating from 1698. In 1774, the 242 Failsworth households contained some 1.400 inhabitants, of whom a high proportion were involved in cloth manufacture. Development of the English textile trade was backed by important legislation between 1500 and 1760:

4536-623: The last available census data. Although the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham has only existed 1974, figures have been generated by combining data from the towns, villages, and civil parishes that would later be constituent parts of the borough. The average gross weekly income in the borough of Oldham is £297; not only is this below the national average but it is the lowest of Greater Manchester's ten boroughs. Environmental technologies and life science industries have been identified as growth industries in Greater Manchester and are concentrated in Oldham as well as Bolton, Manchester , and Tameside. Out of

4617-412: The new arrangement as a "retrograde step". It had been proposed in a government White paper that the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham include the former mill town of Middleton . However this was given to the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale once it was decided that Rochdale and Bury would not be merged. Before its creation, it was suggested that the metropolitan borough be named New Oldham, but that

4698-468: The north-west ( Moston Brook ) and south-east (Lord's Brook). Failsworth has a country park , Daisy Nook , on undulating wooded land on its eastern border largely belonging to the National Trust . It is suited to walking, horse riding, fishing and other pursuits. Failsworth grew as a mill town around the hat-making industry, which continues in the town. This began as a cottage industry before

4779-432: The owls in the arms, while "Aude", pronounced "Owd" continues the pun. The motto is also used by Manchester Grammar School. The blazon is as follows: Sable a chevron invected or between three owls argent on a chief engrailed or as many annulets gules; and for a Crest: On a wreath of the colours issuant from a circlet or charged with six annulets gules a rock proper thereon an owl argent. Supporters: On either side

4860-407: The professions. The powers and duties of a local board of health were enumerated in the act: The 1848 act was replaced by the Local Government Act 1858 ( 21 & 22 Vict. c. 98). The act came into force in all existing local board of health districts on 1 September 1858. The act made some changes to the procedure for constituting a local board and gave them some additional powers. There was also

4941-408: The proportion of jobs in agriculture was below the national average of 1.5% and the rates of people working in the areas of finance and property were below the national averages of 4.8% and 13.2 respectively; the proportion of people working in retail and wholesale was above the national average of 16.7%, and much higher than the national average of 14.8% for people working in manufacturing. There are

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5022-422: The proportion of middle-class people was always 5–10% below the national average. Over the same period, the proportion of working class people in Oldham decreased steadily from 60% in 1841 to 23% 1991; since then there has been an increase in the percentage of working-class people to 34%. This was roughly the same pattern as the national averages, however Oldham has a greater proportion of working-class people than

5103-508: The proportion of residents with degree-level qualifications (18.6%) has fallen further behind national rates (27.4%). The proportion of residents with no qualifications has dropped and the gap between Oldham and England has narrowed to 29.6% with no academic qualifications in 2011 compared to 37.7% ten years earlier. The rise of the middle classes in Oldham has reflected the wider national trend, roughly steady from 1841 until 1921 and then increasing almost exponentially until 2001. However,

5184-408: The rebranding. However, consultants cited that this idea came from a "vocal minority" wishing to distance themselves from Oldham. The borough name was unchanged. For the first 12 years after the county was created in 1974, the borough had a two-tier system of local government , and so Oldham Council shared power with the Greater Manchester County Council. The Greater Manchester County Council,

5265-488: The religious affiliation of residents in Oldham. As of the 2011 UK census , the borough of Oldham had a population of 224,897. Of the 89,703 households in Oldham, 56.6% of those aged 16 and over either live as a couple, are married, in a civil partnership or co-habiting , in line with the national average. A relatively high proportion of 9.3% of people are separated or divorced compared with England (8.6%) but in line with Greater Manchester (9.2%). The population density

5346-404: The replacement of the three red roses by three red annulets or circles, representing the initial "O" of the authority's name. The crest, an owl upon a rock, is placed on a helm above the shield. In order to distinguish the crest from that of the county borough, it rises from a gold circlet bearing six red annulets. The crest wreath and decorative mantling repeat the black and gold colouring of

5427-511: The same district. 419 of the local boards had been formed under the Public Health Act 1848 , the remaining 302 under the Local Government Act 1858 . The number of local boards was inflated in 1862–63, as communities adopted the act in order to avoid being grouped into highway districts under the Highways Act 1862 . Many of these local government districts had a population of fewer than 500, and several fewer than 100. Further legislation

5508-473: The sanitary condition of the town, and where necessary define boundaries for the district of the local board. Where the boundaries of a proposed local board's district were the same as an existing local unit, the act was applied by Order in Council . Where a new district was created this was done by provisional order of the General Board, confirmed by Parliament. Members of local boards were either: Where

5589-545: The surrounding marshland. Daily life would have centred on animal husbandry and agriculture. Unmentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, Failsworth appears in a record of 1212 as Fayleswrthe , a settlement was documented as a thegnage estate or manor comprising four oxgangs of land. Two oxgangs at an annual rate of 4 shillings were payable by the tenant, Gilbert de Notton, to Adam de Prestwich, who in turn paid tax to King John . The other two oxgangs were held by

5670-794: The ten councils. In December 2012, Oldham was named ‘Most Improved Council’ at the Local Government Chronicle awards. A team of six experienced politicians and officers from the Local Government Association carried out another independent ‘peer review’ of Oldham Council in December 2013. Their report said: "There has been a remarkable transformation in Oldham in recent years, both in terms of the place and in having established an ambitious and effective council. The authority can be proud of what has been achieved." In February 2014 ex-Council Leader Jim McMahon

5751-466: The ten metropolitan boroughs in Greater Manchester, the average house prices in Oldham are seventh highest, 15% below the average for the county. At the 2001 census , Oldham had 152,602 residents aged 16 to 74. Of these people, 2.1% were students with jobs, 3.9% students without jobs, 6.7% looking after home or family, 7.7% permanently sick or disabled and 3.8% economically inactive for other reasons. In 2001, of 92,777 residents of Oldham in employment,

5832-419: The whole of England. In the 2007/2008 financial year, the crime rates in Oldham were broadly similar to the national averages. However, the number of theft from a vehicle offences and theft of a vehicle per 1,000 of the population was 10.6 and 4.5 compared to the English national average of 6.9 and 2.7 respectively. The table below details the population change since 1801, including the percentage change since

5913-501: Was an unmanned rail station on the Oldham Loop line serviced by Northern Rail services to Manchester Victoria or Rochdale via Oldham. It closed in October 2009 under Phase 3a of Metrolink extension and re-opened as a tram stop in 2012. Metropolitan Borough of Oldham The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in England. It is named after its largest town, Oldham . The borough had

5994-476: Was appointed a commissioner, and the board was strongly associated with him. In 1852, Edward Gotto was employed to carry out the national General Board of Health Survey. The board finally ceased to exist on 1 September 1858. Local boards could be formed in two ways: In the latter case a superintending inspector appointed by the General Board would hold an inquiry into the sewerage, drainage, supply of water, state of burial grounds and other matters relating to

6075-457: Was built in 79 AD and was one of a chain of forts built along the route connecting the fortresses at Chester ( Deva Victrix ) and York ( Eboracum ). It is one of only two known Roman forts in Greater Manchester, the other is at Manchester ( Mamucium ). Oldham's other Scheduled Monuments is a Bronze Age bowl barrow in Saddleworth. Also in the borough are five of Greater Manchester's Sites of Special Scientific Interest , they are

6156-506: Was first raised in 1793 as a "political pole", although a local historian suggests there were others before and that maypoles probably stood there for centuries. It now stands on a site from which an earlier one blew down in 1950. After a major restoration of the Pole, clock tower and gardens in 2006, a bronze statue of Benjamin Brierley was placed in the gardens. At the road junction of

6237-534: Was granted honorific borough status on 23 November 1973 by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom , which allowed the council to have a mayor. The new dual local authorities of Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council and Greater Manchester County Council had been running since elections in 1973 however. The leading article in The Times on the day the Local Government Act came into effect noted that

6318-512: Was named ‘Council Leader of the Year’ by the LGiU thinktank who said his "strong leadership has helped lead to a dramatic improvement in service delivery and correlating significant improvement in resident satisfaction rates." The council operates a "strong leader" cabinet model, under which the person elected to be the leader of the council personally holds all the executive decision making powers. It

6399-406: Was passed in 1863 to limit the population of a new local government district to 3,000 or more. Some of these small authorities survived as urban districts until the county review orders of the 1930s. The Public Health Act 1875 ( 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55) designated local government districts as urban sanitary districts , with the local board becoming the urban sanitary authority. The titles of

6480-500: Was rejected. For its first 12 years the borough had a two-tier system of local government; Oldham Council shared power with the Greater Manchester County Council . Since the Local Government Act 1985 Oldham Council has effectively been a unitary authority , serving as the sole executive , deliberative and legislative body responsible for local policy, setting council tax , and allocating budget in

6561-658: Was ‘adequate’ and gave it a two-star rating. It said the rate of improvement had increased but had been "inconsistent". Since 2011 Oldham is one of the ten member authorities of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority (GMCA) which is a top tier local authority with responsibility for Transport, Health, Housing and Economic matters. The membership of the Combined Authority is drawn from the Leaders or Executive Mayors of each of

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