Misplaced Pages

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84-667: Fairfax Media was a media company in Australia and New Zealand, with investments in newspaper, magazines, radio and digital properties. The company was founded by John Fairfax as John Fairfax and Sons , who purchased The Sydney Morning Herald in 1841. The Fairfax family retained control of the business until late in the 20th century. The company also owned several regional and national Australian newspapers, including The Age , Australian Financial Review and Canberra Times , majority stakes in property business Domain Group and

168-463: A free content work. Licensed under CC BY SA 3.0 IGO ( license statement/permission ). Text taken from World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018​ , 202, UNESCO. Corporate raid In business, a corporate raid is the process of buying a large stake in a corporation and then using shareholder voting rights to require

252-667: A 14 percent stake in the company. Rinehart also sought a position on the Fairfax board. By June 2012, Rinehart had increased her stake in Fairfax Media to 18.67 percent, and was believed to seek three board seats and involvement in editorial decisions. There were reports that Rinehart sought to increase her total share to 19.99%, the maximum allowed before a takeover offer must be made. But provisions in Fairfax Media's insurance policy denied cover for directors owning more than 15%, so Rinehart had to sell down to 14.99%. Rinehart

336-603: A 51% of the combined entity and Fairfax shareholders own 49%. Fairfax Media was delisted from the Australian Securities Exchange in December 2018. Fairfax had a portfolio of print and digital media assets. The Fairfax divisions cover: Fairfax held a 60% stake in Domain Group , a digital real estate business containing Domain.com.au, which was a wholly owned subsidiary until it was spun off as

420-729: A 55% share in Macquarie. A party may hold only two radio licences in each market, so some stations including 2CH and the Macquarie Regional Radio network were sold. In turn, 96FM Perth was sold to Australian Radio Network . The merger was completed in March 2015. In 2015, Fairfax created a partnership with The Huffington Post to launch HuffPost Australia. Drive.com.au is an Australian motoring website founded by in 1996 by Fairfax Media. In 2015 Fairfax outsourced production to 112 Pty Ltd, owner of The Motor Report. After

504-478: A A$ 2.9 billion bid for Fairfax Media, starting a bidding war with TPG Capital for Fairfax. Fairfax opened books to both parties, opening the door for The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age to pass into foreign ownership. On 26 July 2018, Fairfax Media and Nine Entertainment Co. announced it had agreed on terms for a merger between the two companies. Shareholders in Nine Entertainment Co. took

588-475: A change in which people communicate with others as well as receive information. About 53% use social media to read/watch the news. Many people use the information specifically from social media influencers to understand more about a topic, business, or organization. Social media has now been made part of everyday news production for journalists around the world. Not only does social media provide more connection between readers and journalists, but it also cultivates

672-451: A communication method to aid in scientific research and create interaction. The narrative, layout, and gaming features all share a relationship that can deliver meaning and value that make games an innovative communication tool. Research-focused games showed a connection towards a greater usage of dialogue within the science community as players had the opportunity to address issues with a game with themselves and scientists. This helped to push

756-603: A daily business tabloid, The Australian Financial Review . Fairfax also owned papers in major regional centres, including the Illawarra Mercury (Wollongong), The Newcastle Herald (Newcastle), The Border Mail (Albury-Wodonga), The Daily Advertiser (Wagga Wagga), The Warrnambool Standard (Warrnambool), The Courier (Ballarat) and Bendigo Advertiser (Bendigo). In addition, its subsidiary Fairfax Community Newspapers publishes 35 community newspapers serving suburban Victoria and New South Wales . As

840-441: A decrease in diversity of content and views in certain countries due to actions made against broadcasters by states via their licensing authorities. This can have an impact on competition and may lead to an excessive concentration of power with potential influence on public opinion. Examples include the failure to renew or retain licenses for editorially critical media, reducing the regulator's competences and mandates for action, and

924-566: A distributor of licorice extract and chocolate, which Perelman's father had tried and failed to acquire 10 years earlier. Perelman would ultimately divest the company's core business and use MacAndrews & Forbes as a holding company investment vehicle for subsequent leveraged buyouts including Technicolor, Inc. , Pantry Pride and Revlon . Using the Pantry Pride subsidiary of his holding company, MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings , Perelman's overtures were rebuffed. Repeatedly rejected by

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1008-559: A forerunner of the later private equity firms. In fact it is Posner, one of the first "corporate raiders" who is often credited with coining the term " leveraged buyout " or "LBO". Victor Posner , who had made a fortune in real estate investments in the 1930s and 1940s, acquired a major stake in DWG Corporation in 1966. Having gained control of the company, he used it as an investment vehicle that could execute takeovers of other companies. Posner and DWG are perhaps best known for

1092-590: A heavy debt load. Under Perelman's control, Revlon sold 4 divisions: two were sold for $ 1 billion, its vision care division was sold for $ 574 million, and its National Health Laboratories division was spun out to the public market in 1988. Revlon also made acquisitions including Max Factor in 1987 and Betrix in 1989, later selling them to Procter & Gamble in 1991. Perelman exited the bulk of his holdings in Revlon through an IPO in 1996 and subsequent sales of stock. As of December 31, 2007, Perelman still retains

1176-477: A lack of due process in the adoption of regulatory decisions. Governments worldwide have sought to extend regulation to internet companies, whether connectivity providers or application service providers , and whether domestically or foreign-based. The impact on journalistic content can be severe, as internet companies can err too much on the side of caution and take down news reports, including algorithmically, while offering inadequate opportunities for redress to

1260-570: A market capitalisation of over A$ 5 billion. The number of printed edition readers has fallen since 2006 and the group's stock price has declined by more than 60 percent since 2007, to less than A$ 2 billion by September 2011, and by 85 percent at June 2012. On 11 July 2007, Fairfax Media acquired the former radio assets of Southern Cross Broadcasting (on-sold from Macquarie Media Group's purchase of SCB): 2UE Sydney, 3AW and Magic 1278 Melbourne, 4BC and 4BH Brisbane, and 6PR and 96fm Perth. Graham Mott will continue in his role as general manager of

1344-418: A method to prevent the concentration of media ownership. Licensing has been criticized for an alleged lack of transparency . Regulatory authorities in certain countries have been accused of exhibiting political bias in favor of the government or ruling party, which has resulted in some prospective broadcasters being denied licenses or being threatened with license withdrawal. As a consequence, there has been

1428-458: A minority ownership interest in Revlon. The Revlon takeover, because of its well-known brand, was profiled widely by the media and brought new attention to the emerging boom in leveraged buyout activity. Litigation associated with the takeover has also become standard reading for introductory business organization classes in most law schools, introducing what have come to be known as "Revlon duties" for boards of companies that are up for auction. In

1512-497: A publicly listed company in November 2017. Fairfax Media published metropolitan, agricultural, regional and community newspapers, financial and consumer magazines. In Australia, mastheads include The Sydney Morning Herald , The Age , The Australian Financial Review , The Canberra Times , The Sun-Herald , Stock And Land and The Land . Fairfax published The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald . It also publishes

1596-408: A range of similar classifieds and local newspaper websites. On 21 December 2012, Fairfax Media announced the acquisition of Netus Pty Ltd, a technology investment company. Netus owned 85% of Allure Media . Fairfax purchased the remaining 15 per cent of Allure Media from minority shareholders resulting in Fairfax ownership of 100 per cent of Allure Media. Allure Media own a range of websites, including

1680-437: A reputation as a ruthless "corporate raider" after his hostile takeover of TWA in 1985. The result of that takeover was Icahn systematically selling TWA's assets to repay the debt he used to purchase the company, which was described as " asset stripping ". Icahn also attempted the grand prize of U.S. Steel , launching a hostile takeover for 89% of the industrial giant for $ 7 billion ($ 19.5 billion today) in late 1986, which

1764-465: A result of its Rural Press acquisition, Fairfax took control of many newspapers including The Canberra Times and The Land . On 30 April 2019, Nine announced the sale of Fairfax community papers to former Fairfax Media executive Antony 'The Cat' Catalano for $ 115 million. Fairfax published a number of magazines, such as The Magazine (Sydney) , The Age Magazine (Melbourne) and Good Weekend , which were distributed with their newspapers. In addition,

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1848-430: A sense of belonging through the screen. Gaming is an activity shared amongst others regardless of age, allowing for a diverse group of players to connect and enjoy their favorite games with. This helps with creating or maintaining relationships: friendships, family, or a significant other. As with most interactive media content, games have ratings to assist in choosing appropriate games regarding younger audiences. This

1932-646: A story is genuine or not. There have also been broader initiatives bringing together a variety of donors and actors to promote fact-checking and news literacy , such as the News Integrity Initiative at the City University of New York 's School of Journalism. This 14 million USD investment by groups including the Ford Foundation and Facebook was launched in 2017 so its full impact remains to be seen. It will, however, complement

2016-428: A support for media freedom and development organizations by intergovernmental organizations such as UNESCO and non-governmental organizations . There has been a continued trend of establishing self-regulatory bodies, such as press councils, in conflict and post-conflict situations. Major internet companies have responded to pressure by governments and the public by elaborating self-regulatory and complaints systems at

2100-792: Is being spread.  Instagram works with these fact checkers to ensure that no false information is being spread around the site. Instagram started this work in 2019, following Facebook with the idea as they started fact checking in 2016. Developments in telecommunications has provided media the ability to conduct long-distance communication via analog and digital media: Modern communication media includes long-distance exchanges between larger numbers of people ( many-to-many communication via email , Internet forums , and telecommunications ports ). Traditional broadcast media and mass media favor one-to-many communication (television, cinema , radio, newspaper , magazines , and social media ). Electronic Media, specifically social media has become one of

2184-581: Is believed to influence children's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. The usage and consumption of gaming has tremendously increased within the last decade with estimates of around 2.3 billion people from around the world playing digital and online video games. The growth rate for the global market for gaming was expected to grow 6.2% towards 2020. Areas like Latin America had a 20.1% increase, Asia-Pacific - 9.2%, North America - 4.0%, and Europe -11.7%. Studies show that digital and online gaming can be used as

2268-432: Is branded AIR). MyTalk , a datacasting channel, was officially purchased from Southern Cross Broadcasting on 5 November 2007, and ceased broadcasting on 25 February 2008. In late 2011, John B. Fairfax and his family investment company, Marinya Media, sold their remaining 9.7 percent stake in Fairfax Media for A$ 189 million. The sale came after an earlier dispute between John B. Fairfax and Ron Walker , Chairman of

2352-403: Is done by ESRB ratings and consists of the following: E for Everyone, E for Everyone 10+, T for Teen, and M for Mature 17+. Whenever a new game is released, it is reviewed by associations to determine a suitable rating so younger audiences do not consume harmful or inappropriate content. With these ratings it helps the risks and effects of gaming on younger audiences because the exposure of media

2436-585: The Brisbane Times . The website initially employed 14 journalists and was an attempt by Fairfax to break into the South East Queensland market. On 20 March 2007 Fairfax Media launched a new business website, BusinessDay.com.au that aggregated feeds from the other news vehicles in the Fairfax stable as well as "from the world's most respected news sources". It featured breaking news updated "every 15 minutes". Also in 2007 Fairfax Media bought

2520-839: The Brisbane Times ; and in Western Australia as WAtoday . Both The Age and The Sydney Morning Herald produce a limited amount of video content, which is only available online. As a rival to Nine.com.au 's Nine News and Yahoo7 's Seven News , Fairfax websites previously had non-exclusive licensing deals to replay news video content from broadcaster Network Ten and its former main news service Ten News at Five (now Ten Eyewitness News ). Fairfax's deal with Ten has now discontinued when their news video content are now being shown on Ten's catch-up service, Tenplay which launched in late 2013. From 2014, Fairfax now have non-exclusive licensing deal with Channel Seven by using clips from Seven News with Mark Ferguson . Rural Press owns

2604-576: The Macquarie Radio Network , and joint ventures in streaming service Stan and online publisher HuffPost Australia . The group's last chairman was Nick Falloon and the CEO was Greg Hywood . On 26 July 2018, Fairfax Media and Nine Entertainment Co. announced it had agreed on terms for a merger between the two companies. Shareholders in Nine Entertainment Co. took a 51% of the combined entity and Fairfax shareholders own 49%. Fairfax Media

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2688-607: The Persian Empire ( Chapar Khaneh and Angarium ) and Roman Empire , can be interpreted as early forms of media. Writers such as Howard Rheingold have framed early forms of human communication, such as the Lascaux cave paintings and early writing, as early forms of media. Another framing of the history of media starts with the Chauvet Cave paintings and continues with other ways to carry human communication beyond

2772-539: The Singer Corporation . All of his takeover bids were for all cash and for all shares and he refused any greenmail . Bilzerian was indicted for Schedule   13(d) disclosure violations and despite his claims of innocence he was convicted in 1989. After spending thirty years fighting the government in his attempt to overturn his conviction, he renounced his US citizenship in 2019. British raider Beazer also launched several successful hostile takeovers in

2856-487: The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights , impacts on the presence of independent journalism by defining the limits of what should or should not be carried and prioritized in the most popular digital spaces. Public pressure on technology giants has motivated the development of new strategies aimed not only at identifying ' fake news ', but also at eliminating some of

2940-403: The radio frequency spectrum was public property . This prohibited private organizations from owning any portion of the spectrum. A broadcast license is typically given to broadcasters by communications regulators, allowing them to broadcast on a certain frequency and typically in a specific geographical location. Licensing is done by regulators in order to manage a broadcasting medium and as

3024-616: The 1960s, acquiring, among others, The Age , The Newcastle Herald and the Illawarra Mercury . In 1979, Rupert Murdoch attempted to acquire rival The Herald and Weekly Times . Due to the costs of defending the acquisition, Fairfax sold its television properties, including the Seven Network . In 1988, Fairfax sold its magazines (including Woman's Day , People , Dolly , and Good Housekeeping ) to Australian Consolidated Press , and discontinued its Sydney afternoon tabloid The Sun , transferring some of its content and

3108-431: The 1970s and 1980s were Louis Wolfson , Carl Icahn , Victor Posner , Meshulam Riklis , Nelson Peltz , Robert M. Bass , T. Boone Pickens , Paul Bilzerian , Harold Clark Simmons , Kirk Kerkorian , Sir James Goldsmith , Saul Steinberg and Asher Edelman . These investors used a number of the same tactics and targeted the same type of companies as more traditional leveraged buyouts and in many ways could be considered

3192-414: The 1980s), and through John B. Fairfax of Rural Press, saw the return of the Fairfax family to the company board. The company also gained a number of other regional newspapers, radio stations and websites; plus agricultural publications in various countries. On 12 January 2007, John Fairfax Holdings changed its name to Fairfax Media. On 7 March 2007, Fairfax Media announced a new website for Brisbane, called

3276-410: The 1980s, the largest being that of Koppers in early 1988 for $ 1.81 billion ($ 4.9 billion today). Many of the corporate raiders of the 1980s were onetime clients of Michael Milken , whose investment banking firm, Drexel Burnham Lambert helped raise blind pools of capital which corporate raiders could use to make legitimate attempts to take over companies and provide high-yield debt financing of

3360-701: The Australian licenses for Lifehacker , Gizmodo and Kotaku . Fairfax Syndication manages the commercial licensing and distribution of text, photographic and multimedia content to media companies and commercial clients worldwide. Fairfax Syndication has enabled instant online licensing and has developed a customised syndication application 'API' that allows existing and future syndication clients access to real-time content from multiple websites for immediate use on other platforms. The division also represents their image library and photo syndication service containing over 16 million images. The New Zealand subsidiary

3444-556: The Board of Fairfax Media, which led to the very public departure of Walker. Continued poor performance of Fairfax Media in light of changing news services was cited as one of the reasons for the sale of Marinya Media's interests in Fairfax. John B. Fairfax had earlier stood down from the Fairfax board, and his son, Nick Fairfax, was reported to be discussing his future with the rest of the company board. In 2012, mining billionaire Gina Rinehart became Fairfax's biggest shareholder, purchasing

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3528-615: The InvestSMART business to Australasian Wealth Investments Limited, now called InvestSMART Group Limited, for A$ 7M. In August 2005, Fairfax ended its 16-month search for a new chief executive officer with David Kirk , a former Rugby Union World Cup winning captain of the New Zealand All Blacks being appointed to replace departing CEO Fred Hilmer . David Kirk got the job ahead of Fairfax COO Brian Evans (former head of Fairfax New Zealand) and Doug Flynn , who took

3612-622: The RSVP dating site for A$ 38 million. In August 2005, Fairfax's general classifieds site created in March 2004, Cracker.com.au consistently exceeded 500,000 unique visitors a month. In December 2005, Fairfax acquired Stayz Pty Ltd for A$ 12.7 million. This investment proved to be successful as Stayz was sold on 27 November 2013, for $ 220 million, exceeding its estimated net debt of $ 154 million. In September 2007, Fairfax acquired online funds management business, InvestSMART, from founders Ron Hodge and Nigel Poole for A$ 12M. In August 2013, Fairfax sold

3696-654: The access of programmers to satellite transponders in parts of the Western Europe , North America , the Arab region and in Asia and the Pacific . The Arab Satellite Broadcasting Charter was an example of efforts to bring formal standards and some regulatory authority to bear on what is transmitted, but it appears to not have been implemented. Self-regulation is expressed as a preferential system by journalists but also as

3780-451: The affected news producers. In Western Europe , self-regulation provides an alternative to state regulatory authorities. In such contexts, newspapers have historically been free of licensing and regulation, and there has been repeated pressure for them to self-regulate or at least to have in-house ombudsmen . However, it has often been difficult to establish meaningful self-regulatory entities. In many cases, self-regulations exists in

3864-480: The broadcast radio group under Fairfax. Mott indicated at the time of the acquisition that national syndication of programming (such as that of the since-retired John Laws ) would largely be replaced on the network with more localised syndication at a state level. Fairfax also acquired Satellite Music Australia (SMA) as part of the SCB deal, who provide music channels to retailers, as well as Foxtel and Austar (where it

3948-464: The brunt of the cuts, with 160 full-time employees losing their jobs. On 5 December, David Kirk tendered his resignation, and on 10 December Brian McCarthy (former Rural Press CEO) was appointed as CEO. A new campaign, "Fair Go, Fairfax: Don't discount journalism", was launched by the MEAA in protest to the cuts arguing that the jobs losses will affect "quality journalism". As of May 2008 Fairfax Media had

4032-446: The buyouts. Drexel Burnham raised a $ 100 million blind pool in 1984 for Nelson Peltz and his holding company Triangle Industries (later Triarc ) to give credibility for takeovers, representing the first major blind pool raised for this purpose. Two years later, in 1986, Wickes Companies, a holding company run by Sanford Sigoloff, would raise a $ 1.2 billion blind pool. In later years, Milken and Drexel would shy away from certain of

4116-450: The case of requests from governments. At the same time, however, the study signaled a number of companies that have become more opaque when it comes to disclosing how they enforce their own terms of service, in restricting certain types of content and account. State governments can also use "Fake news" in order to spread propaganda. In addition to responding to pressure for more clearly defined self-regulatory mechanisms, and galvanized by

4200-707: The company collapsed and a receiver was appointed, with company debts of A$ 1.7 billion. By 1993, the company was re-listed on the Australian Securities Exchange and the two biggest shareholders of John Fairfax Holdings were the Canadian newspaper magnate Conrad Black and his Hollinger Group with 25%, and the Australian media mogul, Kerry Packer and his publicly listed company, Publishing and Broadcasting Limited with 15%. Due to Australian government concerns over media consolidation that limited any single foreign shareholder holding more than 25% interest in national and metropolitan newspapers, after intense lobbying for

4284-597: The company published business-centered magazines including BRW (since December 2013, only published online), AFR Smart Investor , AFR Magazine , AFR Boss , CFO Australia , MIS (magazine) and Asset (Magazine) . Fairfax owned a profitable Australian online subsidiary, Fairfax Digital, which was once known as the F2 Network. Fairfax publishes web editions of most of its newspaper titles, as well as digital only news sites in South East Queensland as

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4368-707: The company to undertake novel measures designed to increase the share value, generally in opposition to the desires and practices of the corporation's current management. The measures might include replacing top executives, downsizing operations, or liquidating the company. Corporate raids were particularly common between the 1970s and the 1990s in the United States. By the end of the 1980s, management of many large publicly traded corporations had adopted legal countermeasures designed to thwart potential hostile takeovers and corporate raids, including poison pills , golden parachutes , and increases in debt levels on

4452-427: The company's balance sheet . In later years, some corporate raiding practices have been used by " activist shareholders ", who purchase equity stakes in a corporation to influence its board of directors and put public pressure on its management. Corporate raids became a hallmark of investors in the 1970s and 1980s, particularly highlighted by the public suicide of Eli Black . Among the most notable corporate raiders of

4536-474: The company's board and management, Perelman continued to press forward with a hostile takeover , raising his offer from an initial bid of $ 47.50 per share until it reached $ 53.00 per share. After Revlon received a higher offer from a white knight , private equity firm Forstmann Little & Company , Perelman's Pantry Pride finally was able to make a successful bid for Revlon , valuing the company at $ 2.7 billion. The buyout would prove troubling, burdened by

4620-418: The company. Fairfax Media was founded by the Fairfax family as John Fairfax and Sons, later to become John Fairfax Holdings. The Fairfax family lost control of the company in December 1990. It was renamed from John Fairfax Holdings to Fairfax Media in 2007. The Australian Financial Review was founded in 1951. In that decade, Fairfax started two television stations, ATN and QTQ . Fairfax began expanding in

4704-477: The debates over so-called 'fake news', internet companies such as Facebook have launched campaigns to educate users about how to more easily distinguish between 'fake news' and real news sources. Ahead of the United Kingdom national election in 2017 , for example, Facebook published a series of advertisements in newspapers with 'Tips for Spotting False News' which suggested 10 things that might signal whether

4788-485: The end of the 1990s, the corporate raider moniker was used less frequently as private equity firms pursued different tactics than their predecessors. In later years, many of the corporate raiders would be re-characterized as " activist shareholders ", such as Carl Icahn during his 2008 profile on CBS's 60 Minutes . Although private equity rarely received a thorough treatment in popular culture, several films did feature stereotypical "corporate raiders" prominently. Among

4872-466: The hostile takeover of Sharon Steel Corporation in 1969, one of the earliest such takeovers in the United States. Posner's investments were typically motivated by attractive valuations, balance sheets and cash flow characteristics. Because of its high debt load, Posner's DWG generated attractive but highly volatile returns and ultimately landed in financial difficulty. In 1987, Sharon Steel entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Carl Icahn developed

4956-502: The individual company level, using principles they have developed under the framework of the Global Network Initiative . The Global Network Initiative has grown to include several large telecom companies alongside internet companies such as Google , Facebook and others, as well as civil society organizations and academics. The European Commission 's 2013 publication, ICT Technology Sector Guide on Implementing

5040-419: The late 1980s several famous corporate raiders suffered from bad investments financed by large amounts of leverage , ultimately losing money for their investors. Additionally, with the fall of Michael Milken and the subsequent collapse of Drexel Burnham Lambert , the credit lines for these investors dried up. By the end of the decade, management of many large publicly traded corporations reacted negatively to

5124-675: The launch of the news agency Fairfax New Zealand News (FNZ), partly in response to the New Zealand Press Association (NZPA) closure, but also as part of its drive to improve its journalism. In December 2014, Fairfax entered a partnership with local social media platform Neighbourly . In 2016, Fairfax Media sold a number of its key special interest titles, including Boating New Zealand and New Zealand Fishing News magazines. Media (communication) The development of early writing and paper enabling longer-distance communication systems such as mail , including in

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5208-633: The mid-1960s, the term had spread to general use in North America and the United Kingdom. According to H. L. Mencken , the phrase mass media was used as early as 1923 in the United States. The term medium (the singular form of media ) is defined as "one of the means or channels of general communication, information, or entertainment in society, as newspapers, radio, or television." The role of regulatory authorities (license broadcaster institutions, content providers , platforms) and

5292-488: The more "notorious" corporate raiders as the firm and the private equity industry attempted to move upscale. In 1985, Milken raised $ 750 million for a similar blind pool for Ronald Perelman , which would ultimately prove instrumental in acquiring his biggest target: The Revlon Corporation . In 1980, Ronald Perelman , the son of a wealthy Philadelphia businessman, and future "corporate raider", having made several small but successful buyouts, acquired MacAndrews & Forbes ,

5376-728: The offerings of other networks such as the International Fact-Checking Network launched by the Poynter Institute in 2015 which seeks to outline the parameters of the field. Instagram has also created a way to potentially expose "fake news" that is posted on the site. After looking into the site, it seemed as more than a place for political memes, but a weaponized platform, instead of the creative space it used to be. Since that, Instagram has started to put warning labels on certain stories or posts if third-party fact checkers believe that false information

5460-671: The participation and community amongst technical communicators and their audiences, clients, and stakeholders. The gaming community has grown exponentially, and about 63% have taken to playing with others, whether online or in-person. Players online will communicate through the system of microphone applicability either through the game or a third party application such as Discord . The improvements upon connectivity and software allowed for players online to keep in touch and game instantaneously, disregarding location almost entirely. With online gaming platforms it has been noted that they support diverse social gaming communities allowing players to feel

5544-485: The passage of changes to Australian media laws. Rival media company News Corp Australia purchased a 7.5 per cent stake in the company at this time, This was with the stated aim of keeping Fairfax in one piece. On 7 December 2006, John Fairfax Holdings and Rural Press announced the beginning of their merger proceedings. Once merged, the new entity formed a publishing company worth A$ 9 billion and resulted in regaining control of The Canberra Times (which it owned in

5628-476: The radio assets of Southern Cross Broadcasting . Macquarie Media Group purchased Southern Cross for A$ 1.35 billion and onsold these assets to the Fairfax Group. On 26 August 2007, Kirk and Deputy CEO Brian McCarthy announced that 550 staff would be cut as part of a "business improvement" programme. The staff reductions would take place in both Australia and New Zealand, with the latter country bearing

5712-406: The remaining 15% from minority shareholders. Allure Media own a range of websites, including the Australian licenses for Business Insider, Lifehacker, Gizmodo, and Kotaku. In 2014, Fairfax Media founded online streaming company Stan with Nine Entertainment , investing $ 50 million into the joint venture. In December 2014, Fairfax merged with Macquarie Radio Network . Under the deal, Fairfax gained

5796-468: The resistance to political and commercial interference in the autonomy of the media sector are both considered as significant components of media independence . In order to ensure media independence, regulatory authorities should be placed outside of governments' directives. This can be measured through legislation, agency statutes and rules. In the United States, the Radio Act of 1927 established that

5880-514: The right to increase his stake, Black conceded defeat in 1996, selling his holding to the New Zealand corporate raider Brierley Investments , that was ultimately subject to the same restrictions. In 2003, Fairfax acquired many of New Zealand's highest-profile newspapers when it bought the publishing assets of that country's Independent Newspapers Limited , whose cornerstone shareholder was News Corp Australia . In July 2005, Fairfax acquired

5964-526: The shadow of state regulation, and is conscious of the possibility of state intervention . In many countries in Central and Eastern Europe , self-regulatory structures seems to be lacking or have not historically been perceived as efficient and effective. The rise of satellite channels that delivered directly to viewers, or through cable or online systems, renders much larger the sphere of unregulated programing. There are, however, varying efforts to regulate

6048-504: The short range of voice: smoke signals , trail markers , and sculpture . In its modern application, the term media is relating to communication channels was first used by Canadian communications theorist Marshall McLuhan , who stated in Counterblast (1954): "The media are not toys; they should not be in the hands of Mother Goose and Peter Pan executives. They can be entrusted only to new artists because they are art forms." By

6132-455: The sponsorship of the City to Surf to its new Sunday tabloid The Sun-Herald which also replaced the broadsheet Sunday Herald . In 1987, Warwick Fairfax , then aged 26, bought out his family's holdings in the company using borrowed debts. He successfully took ownership of the company, selling some properties to his half-brother John B. Fairfax, who formed Rural Press . On 10 December 1990,

6216-732: The structural causes of their emergence and proliferation. Facebook has created new buttons for users to report content they believe is false, following previous strategies aimed at countering hate speech and harassment online . These changes reflect broader transformations occurring among tech giants to increase their transparency. As indicated by the Ranking Digital Rights Corporate Accountability Index, most large internet companies have reportedly become relatively more forthcoming in terms of their policies about transparency in regard to third party requests to remove or access content, especially in

6300-427: The takeover of Fairfax Media by Nine Entertainment , in 2019 is merged with the latter's CarAdvice platform. In March 2016, many staff from its newspaper divisions went on a 4-day strike over planned job cuts of 120 editorial staff from The Sydney Morning Herald , The Age and The Australian Financial Review . All printed and digital editions continued during the action. On May 18, 2017, Hellman & Friedman made

6384-472: The threat of potential hostile takeover or corporate raid and pursued drastic defensive measures including poison pills , golden parachutes and increasing debt levels on the company's balance sheet . Finally, in the 1990s the overall price of the American stock market increased, which reduced the number of situations in which a company's share price was low with respect to the assets that it controlled. By

6468-449: The top forms of media that people use in the twenty-first century. The percent of people that use social media and social networking outlets rose dramatically from 5% in 2005 to 79% in 2019. Instagram , Twitter , Pinterest , Tiktok , and Facebook are the most commonly used social media platforms. The average time that an individual spends on social media is 2.5 hours a day. This exponential increase of social media has additionally caused

6552-489: The top job at UK Pest control company Rentokil after negotiations with Fairfax broke off. In March 2006, Fairfax acquired New Zealand auction website Trademe.co.nz for NZ$ 700 million. On 4 March 2006, it was announced that Fairfax would purchase The Border Mail newspaper in Albury-Wodonga for A$ 162 million. In October 2006, speculation began to grow that the company would be bought out and split up after

6636-493: The understanding of how gaming and players can help advance scientific research via communication through games. A vBook is an eBook that is digital first media with embedded video , images , graphs , tables , text , and other useful media. E-Book An E-book combines reading and listening media interaction. It is compact and can store a large amount of data which has made them very popular in classrooms. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

6720-402: Was delisted from the Australian Securities Exchange in December 2018. Its metro publishing assets continue to be published by the group as Nine Publishing . Many of its other assets, such as its community media holdings were sold shortly after the merger was completed. John Fairfax purchased The Sydney Morning Herald in 1841. Several generations of the Fairfax family continued to control

6804-411: Was denied a place on the board because she would not agree to Fairfax's charter of independence, and sold her stake in 2015. On 18 June 2012, as part of evolving to a sustainable model for its news media business, Fairfax Media announced it would cut 1,900 staff and begin to erect digital paywalls around its two main metropolitan news brands, The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age . It also announced it

6888-452: Was named Fairfax New Zealand Limited until 2018, when it was renamed Stuff Limited to align with the name of its flagship website . It was sold to its CEO Sinead Boucher in a management buyout for $ 1 NZD in 2020. Parent company Nine retained most of the proceeds of the sale of Stuff's broadband subsidiary to Vocus Group , and maintained control of its Wellington printing press operation. On 1 September 2011, Fairfax New Zealand announced

6972-460: Was rebuffed finally by CEO David Roderick on January 8, 1987. T. Boone Pickens ' hostile takeover bid of Gulf Oil in 1984 led to shock that such a large company could be raided. Gulf eventually sold out to Chevron for a then-record $ 13.3 billion ($ 39 billion today) "white knight" buyout. Paul Bilzerian launched a number of takeover bids including Cluett Peabody & Company , Hammermill Paper Company , Pay n Pack Stores, Allied Stores and

7056-439: Was shifting to "compact" or tabloid-sized editions of the broadsheet newspapers from March 2013, and that its two printing facilities at Chullora and Tullamarine would close. The changes, prompted by shrinking advertising revenue, were expected to generate A$ 235 million in annual savings over three years. In 2012, Fairfax Media acquired Netus Pty Ltd, a technology investment company which owned 85% of Allure Media, and purchased

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