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21-805: By October 1997, the FNC advisory committee was de-chartered and many of the FNC activities were transferred to the Large Scale Networking group of the Computing, Information, and Communications (CIC) R&D subcommittee of the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development program, or the Applications Council. On October 24, 1995, the Federal Networking Council passed a resolution defining

42-520: A roundtable discussion with some of the nation’s leading scientists to discuss the need to combat the climate crisis and counter arguments for delaying climate action. It is the first time that the White House has recognized scientists who study the climate denial operation run by the fossil fuel industry. On August 8, 2022, President Joe Biden signed into law the CHIPS and Science Act which included

63-483: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Networking and Information Technology Research and Development The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) program consists of a group of U.S. federal agencies to research and develop information technology (IT) capabilities to empower Federal missions; support U.S. science, engineering, and technology leadership; and bolster U.S. economic competitiveness. The NITRD Program

84-733: Is a department of the United States government, part of the Executive Office of the President (EOP), established by United States Congress on May 11, 1976, with a broad mandate to advise the President on the effects of science and technology on domestic and international affairs . The director of this office is traditionally colloquially known as the Science Advisor to the President . A recent appointed director

105-750: Is managed by the NITRD Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council ’s (NSTC) Committee on Technology and supported by the NITRD National Coordination Office (NCO). NITRD Program’s member agencies coordinate their NITRD research activities and plans by Interagency Working Groups (IWGs). For each IWG, agency representatives meet to exchange information and collaborate on research plans and activities such as testbeds, workshops, and cooperative proposal solicitations. The annual NITRD Supplement to

126-631: The National Science and Technology Council . President Joe Biden named, and the Senate later unanimously confirmed, Eric Lander as head of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, while also upgrading the position to a cabinet -level post. Lander resigned in February 2022 following reports that engaged in abusive conduct against both subordinates and other White House officials. In 2022, The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy held

147-482: The private sector , state and local governments , the science and higher education communities, and other nations toward this end. Under President Donald Trump , OSTP's staff dropped from 135 to 45 people. The OSTP director position remained vacant for over two years, the longest vacancy for the position since the office's founding. Kelvin Droegemeier , an atmospheric scientist who previously served as

168-693: The NCO for High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC). The High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 called for the coordination of activities in high-performance computing and the establishment of a National Research and Education Network (NREN) across Federal agencies. Dr. Lindberg led this effort from 1992 to 1995 while serving concurrently as the Director of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). Office of Science and Technology Policy The Office of Science and Technology Policy ( OSTP )

189-688: The NITRD "crosscut" and provide proportional funding to support NITRD's operations: Department of Commerce Department of Defense Department of Energy Department of Health and Human Services Department of Homeland Security Department of the Interior Department of Justice Department of State Department of Veteran Affairs Independent Agencies Representatives of other agencies also participate. NITRD's National Coordination Office (NCO) supports NITRD's planning, budget, and assessment activities. The NCO also supports

210-651: The NITRD Subcommittee, which coordinates the NITRD Program, and the organizations that report to the Subcommittee. The NCO's director is appointed by the Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy . The NCO works with the NITRD agencies, IWGs, CGs and the White House Office of Management and Budget to prepare, publish, and disseminate the Program's annual supplement to

231-594: The NITRD Web site – The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program – which contains information about the Program and electronic versions of NITRD documents The Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program (formerly known as High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) Program) was created by the High Performance Computing Act of 1991 , (P.L. 102-194) and amended by

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252-820: The Next Generation Internet Research Act of 1998 (P.L. 105-305), and the America COMPETES (Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science) Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-69). NITRD was reauthorized by Congress in the American Innovation and Competitiveness Act of 2017 (P.L. 114-329). Dr. Donald A.B. Lindberg was the founding Director of the National Coordination Office (NCO) for NITRD, formerly

273-601: The Office of Science and Technology Policy. On August 25, 2022, OSTP issued guidance to make all federally funded research in the United States freely available without delay. President Richard M. Nixon eliminated the President's Science Advisory Committee after his second Science Advisor, Edward E. David Jr. , resigned in 1973, rather than appointing a replacement. In 1975, the American Physical Society president Chien-Shiung Wu met with

294-483: The President's Budget, Federal networking and IT R&D plans, and networking and IT research needs reports. The NCO provides technical support for the activities of the Networking and Information Technology Subcommittee of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology , a panel of experts from industry and academia, in assessing the NITRD Program and preparing associated reports. The NCO maintains

315-636: The President’s Budget is organized by Program Component Areas (PCAs), where the PCAs are major subject areas for federal IT R&D. PCAs are intended to facilitate budgetary comparisons from year to year in each area. The PCA set evolves over time, reflecting changes in IT R&;D activities at federal agencies and IT R&D priorities of the Administration. In its first annual report to Congress,

336-545: The Supplement to the President’s Fiscal Year 1992 Budget, HPCC reported a FY 1991 base budget of $ 489 million, with eight federal agencies participating, and four R&D components. The FY 2024 NITRD Supplement to the President’s Budget reports to Congress an estimated budget of $ 10.9B billion across 25 Federal agencies and 12 R&D focus areas. The following federal agencies report their IT research budgets in

357-685: The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; and (iii) provides, uses or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high level services layered on the communications and related infrastructure described herein.' Some notable members of the council advisory committee included: Henriette Avram , Matt Blaze , Vint Cerf , John Gage , Robert Kahn , Paul Mockapetris , Ike Nassi , Stewart Personick and Stephen Wolff . This computer networking article

378-675: The new president Gerald Ford to reinstate a scientific body of advisors for the executive branch and the president, which President Ford concurred to do. The United States Congress then established the OSTP in 1976 with a broad mandate to advise the President and others within the Executive Office of the President on the effects of science and technology on domestic and international affairs. The 1976 Act also authorizes OSTP to lead inter-agency efforts to develop and to implement sound science and technology policies and budgets and to work with

399-470: The term Internet : Resolution: The Federal Networking Council (FNC) agrees that the following language reflects our definition of the term Internet . Internet refers to the global information system that – (i) is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons; (ii) is able to support communications using

420-549: The vice president of research at the University of Oklahoma , was nominated for the position on August 1, 2018 and confirmed by the Senate on January 2, 2019. Michael Kratsios was nominated by President Trump to be the fourth Chief Technology Officer of the United States and associate director of OSTP in March 2019 and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on August 1, 2019. During Trump's tenure, Droegemeier also managed

441-517: Was mathematician and geneticist Eric Lander who was sworn in on June 2, 2021. Lander resigned February 18, 2022, following allegations of misconduct. On February 16, 2022, the Biden administration announced that deputy director Alondra Nelson would serve as acting director and former NIH director Francis Collins would serve as acting science advisor. Both assumed positions on February 18, 2022. In October 2022, Arati Prabhakar became Director of

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