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83-640: Parallel to the experiments by John Logie Baird in the United Kingdom , by Herbert E. Ives and Charles Francis Jenkins in the United States , as well as by Kenjiro Takayanagi in Japan , television pioneers like Dénes Mihály and Manfred von Ardenne had organised experimental television transmissions in Berlin since 1928. In the same year, Telefunken presented a television set prototype during

166-416: A Glasgow newspaper seeking to feu the land, and in particular he stated that "bonnet makers, stocking, linen and woolen weavers will meet with encouragement". However his efforts were unsuccessful, partly because roads were rudimentary and also because the shore at Helensburgh made it unattractive to shipping – it was shallow, dotted with large rocks and subject to a prevailing onshore wind. No precise date

249-581: A competitive disadvantage, because passengers had to walk from Helensburgh Station, through the town centre and down the pier, thus causing longer journey times. By contrast their competitors on the other side of the Clyde , the Caledonian Railway and the Glasgow & South Western Railway had stations right beside their piers. The North British therefore proposed to extend the railway line through

332-641: A consequence is that the town has been referred to as "the Garden City of the Clyde". In 2016 the Helensburgh Tree Conservation Trust was invited to become a member of The National Tree Collections of Scotland because the range and quality of its street trees; at the time no other Scottish town had received this accolade. In 2015, Colquhoun Square underwent a major redesign (as part of a wider redevelopment project that included

415-401: A definition of 500 lines. On 16 August 1944, he gave the world's first demonstration of a practical fully electronic colour television display. His 600-line colour system used triple interlacing , using six scans to build each picture. Similar concepts were common through the 1940s and 50s, differing primarily in the way they re-combined the colours generated by the three guns. One of them,

498-404: A former sea cliff which has been eroded. The land, now free of the weight of the ice, is slowly rising up, and the minor local earthquakes reflect this. Further evidence of the last ice age can also be seen at low tide, where the beach is dotted with large boulders known as glacial erratics – these were carried from a distance inside the glaciers and dropped into their current locations when

581-516: A glass razor, which was rust-resistant, but shattered. Inspired by pneumatic tyres he attempted to make pneumatic shoes, but his prototype contained semi-inflated balloons, which burst (years later this same idea was successfully adopted for Dr. Martens boots). He also invented a thermal undersock (the Baird undersock), which was moderately successful. Baird suffered from cold feet, and after a number of trials, he found that an extra layer of cotton inside

664-688: A main shopping centre for the area and for tourists and day trippers attracted to the town's seaside location. Helensburgh is also influenced by the presence of the Clyde Naval Base at Faslane on the Gareloch , which is home to the United Kingdom's submarine fleet with their nuclear weapons , as well as a major local employer. Most of the major Scottish Christian denominations have churches in Helensburgh. The biggest of these

747-528: A new wing and public cafe. Displays from the collections of Helensburgh Heritage Trust can also be seen there. The Tower Digital Arts Centre, housed in the former St Columba Church on Sinclair Street, was converted in 2016 into a first release double screen cinema and arts centre for the town. The West King Street Hall next door was converted and took on a new role two years later as the Scottish Submarine Centre . The Centre now houses

830-673: A number of dentists and opticians in the town. Built as the Victoria Infirmary, the Victoria Integrated Care Centre no longer cares for in-patients and the original building is now little used. However a variety of clinics do take place in buildings in the grounds. In 2006 the Helensburgh district opted to come within the NHS Highland area, which is based in Inverness . However, because of

913-463: A pair of scissors, some darning needles, a few bicycle light lenses, a used tea chest, and sealing wax and glue that he purchased. In February 1924, he demonstrated to the Radio Times that a semi-mechanical analogue television system was possible by transmitting moving silhouette images. In July of the same year, he received a 1000-volt electric shock but survived with only a burnt hand but, as

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996-496: A patent for a device that formed images from reflected radio waves, a device remarkably similar to radar, and that he was in correspondence with the British government at the time. The radar contribution is in dispute. According to some experts, Baird's "Noctovision" is not radar. Unlike radar (except continuous wave radar ), Noctovision is incapable of determining the distance to the scanned subject. Noctovision also cannot determine

1079-430: A phosphor plate. The phosphor was patterned so the electrons from the guns only fell on one side of the patterning or the other. Using cyan and magenta phosphors, a reasonable limited-colour image could be obtained. He also demonstrated the same system using monochrome signals to produce a 3D image (called "stereoscopic" at the time). In 1941, he patented and demonstrated this system of three-dimensional television at

1162-514: A razor on him." In these attempts to develop a working television system, Baird experimented using the Nipkow disk . Paul Gottlieb Nipkow had invented this scanning system in 1884. Television historian Albert Abramson calls Nipkow's patent "the master television patent". Nipkow's work is important because Baird, followed by many others, chose to develop it into a broadcast medium. In his laboratory on 2 October 1925, Baird successfully transmitted

1245-541: A result, his landlord, Mr Tree, asked him to vacate the premises. Soon after arriving in London, looking for publicity, Baird visited the Daily Express newspaper to promote his invention. The news editor was terrified and he was quoted by one of his staff as saying: "For God's sake, go down to reception and get rid of a lunatic who's down there. He says he's got a machine for seeing by wireless! Watch him—he may have

1328-489: A series of engineering apprentice jobs as part of his course. The conditions in industrial Glasgow at the time helped form his socialist convictions but also contributed to his ill health. He became an agnostic, though this did not strain his relationship with his father. His degree course was interrupted by the First World War and he never returned to graduate. At the beginning of 1915 he volunteered for service in

1411-692: A significant influence within the town, with a parish church named St Joseph's on Lomond Street. St Joseph's church hall was originally the parish church in Helensburgh. The St. Michael and All Angels Church holds distinction for being the town's only category A listed church . This building for the congregation of the Scottish Episcopal Church was designed in 1868 by Sir Robert Rowand Anderson . Overall, there are seven schools within Helensburgh. Among these are three state primary schools: Colgrain, John Logie Baird, and Hermitage Primary. These schools provide pupils for Hermitage Academy ,

1494-481: A substantial impact on Helensburgh and the surrounding area particularly with the provision of housing for naval personnel. A further increase in the town's population resulted, it rising to 15,852 in the 1991 Census . From 1996 surface vessels have also been based there, and this caused a change of the official name to Her Majesty's Naval Base Clyde . In 1971, Helensburgh was given its first conservation area, covering The Hill House and Helensburgh Upper Station. This

1577-468: A thallium sulphide (Thalofide) cell, developed by Theodore Case in the USA. The Thalofide cell was part of the important new technology of 'talking pictures'. Baird's pioneering implementation of this cell allowed Baird to become the first person to produce a live, moving, greyscale television image from reflected light . Baird achieved this, where other inventors had failed, by applying two unique methods to

1660-469: Is an accepted version of this page John Logie Baird FRSE ( / ˈ l oʊ ɡ i b ɛər d / ; 13 August 1888 – 14 June 1946) was a Scottish inventor, electrical engineer, and innovator who demonstrated the world's first live working television system on 26 January 1926. He went on to invent the first publicly demonstrated colour television system and the first viable purely electronic colour television picture tube. In 1928

1743-756: Is considered that women, children, and elders, amongst other demographics, were not conscripted for the front line. It is thought that a similar number suffered serious physical and mental injuries. When the Second World War broke out in 1939 the British Government was concerned that London and other ports in the south of England would become the targets for German bombing. Consequently, they decided to build two military ports in Scotland which would be more difficult for German bombers to reach. In 1941 Military Port Number 1 opened at Faslane on

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1826-471: Is known for the change of name to Helensburgh. However it was probably around 1785 when Sir James decided to name the town after his wife, Lady Helen Sutherland (1717–1791); she was the granddaughter of the 16th Earl of Sutherland . However, for a few years both the old and new names for the town were in use and it was also known for a time simply as the New Town. The town's coat of arms is based on those of

1909-486: Is now derelict, services having been withdrawn in 1972. Towards the end of 2018 Helensburgh pier was closed to all maritime craft because of its poor condition, and so there is no certainty as to when calls by the "Waverley" will resume. In 2022 the National Records of Scotland estimated the population of Helensburgh to be 13,230. Helensburgh today acts as a commuter town for nearby Glasgow , and also serves as

1992-462: The 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. About 160,000 viewers saw the Olympic games on a few private televisions and in many public television parlours. Television was used more for mainstream entertainment rather than propaganda, as Joseph Goebbels preferred radio as a mass-medium. The heavy and slow equipment made it difficult to report, and almost all programming was broadcast live. From 1942 to 1944,

2075-574: The Caledonian Sleeper . Helensburgh is also served by a number of buses. These provide links to Glasgow , the Vale of Leven and Carrick Castle . A special local form of transport is the paddle steamer Waverley which used to call in to Helensburgh pier during summer sailings. It advertises itself as the last sea-going paddle steamer in the world and was launched in 1946 for service from Craigendoran pier ; however Craigendoran pier

2158-521: The Gareloch , 5 miles (8 km) from Helensburgh. A railway was built linking Faslane to the West Highland Line . A vast tonnage of wartime supplies was moved through Faslane, and it was also used as a port for troop movements. Much of the area around Helensburgh was taken over by both British and American Armed Forces for a variety of wartime activities. After the end of the War, Faslane

2241-723: The Geer tube , was similar to Baird's concept, but used small pyramids with the phosphors deposited on their outside faces, instead of Baird's 3D patterning on a flat surface. In 1943, the Hankey Committee was appointed to oversee the resumption of television broadcasts after the war. Baird persuaded them to make plans to adopt his proposed 1000-line Telechrome electronic colour system as the new post-war broadcast standard. The picture resolution on this system would have been comparable to today's HDTV ( High Definition Television). The Hankey Committee's plan lost all momentum partly due to

2324-648: The ITV series Nolly and the Doctor Who episode " The Giggle ". In 2013, Historic Environment Scotland awarded a plaque to commemorate Logie Baird. It can be found in Helensburgh. Books Patents Helensburgh Helensburgh ( / ˈ h ɛ l ə n z b ər ə / HEL -ənz-bər-ə ; Scottish Gaelic : Baile Eilidh ) is a town on the north side of the Firth of Clyde in Scotland , situated at

2407-677: The Internationale Funkausstellung industrial exhibition. From 1929 television test programs were regularly aired from the Funkturm Berlin transmitter ( Rundfunksender Witzleben ). The first public transmission was introduced in the Kroll Opera House on 18 April 1934. At first the station could only be received in and around Berlin, later also in other German cities via special Reichspost long distance cables. It became very popular when it covered

2490-477: The National Trust for Scotland . These parts of the town are laid out in the gridiron pattern, Helensburgh being an early example of a planned town in Scotland. In 1960 the line from Helensburgh Central to Glasgow Queen Street Low Level and on to Airdrie was electrified with the then revolutionary new Blue Trains providing faster, regular interval services. Unfortunately, equipment problems led to

2573-736: The West Highland Railway (a subsidiary of the North British Railway by then) was opened from Craigendoran junction to Fort William , with a new station at Helensburgh Upper . This new railway had no significant effect on the population of the town, but it did alter its appearance, with the construction of a substantial embankment up the hill from Craigendoran and of a deep cutting on the approaches to Helensburgh Upper. There are 205 men and 1 woman named on Helensburgh's war memorial in Hermitage Park. In 2020

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2656-476: The glaciers melted. Helensburgh has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ). The town is served by three railway stations: Helensburgh Central , Craigendoran , and Helensburgh Upper . Both Helensburgh Central and Craigendoran form part of the North Clyde Line , with Helensburgh Central acting as a terminus. Helensburgh Upper, meanwhile, is positioned on the West Highland Line and accommodates

2739-628: The 30-line Baird system, and from 1932 to 1935 the BBC also produced the programmes in their own studio, first at Broadcasting House and then later at 16 Portland Place. In addition, from 1933 Baird and the Baird Company were producing and broadcasting a small number of television programmes independent of the BBC from Baird's studios and transmitter at the Crystal Palace in south London. On 2 November 1936, from Alexandra Palace located on

2822-552: The BBC ceased broadcasts with the Baird system in February 1937, due in part to a disastrous fire in the Baird facilities at Crystal Palace. It was becoming apparent to the BBC that the Baird system would ultimately fail due in large part to the lack of mobility of the Baird system's cameras, with their developer tanks, hoses, and cables. Commercially Baird's contemporaries, such as George William Walton and William Stephenson , were ultimately more successful as their patents underpinned

2905-634: The Baird Television Development Company achieved the first transatlantic television transmission. Baird's early technological successes and his role in the practical introduction of broadcast television for home entertainment have earned him a prominent place in television's history. In 2006, Baird was named as one of the 10 greatest Scottish scientists in history, having been listed in the National Library of Scotland 's 'Scottish Science Hall of Fame'. In 2015 he

2988-690: The British Army but was classified as unfit for active duty. Unable to go to the front, he took a job with the Clyde Valley Electrical Power Company, which was engaged in munitions work. In early 1923, and in poor health, Baird moved to 21 Linton Crescent, Hastings , on the south coast of England. He later rented a workshop in the Queen's Arcade in the town. Baird built what was to become the world's first working television set using items that included an old hatbox and

3071-461: The Case cell. He accomplished this by improving the signal conditioning from the cell, through temperature optimisation (cooling) and his own custom-designed video amplifier. Baird gave the first public demonstration of moving silhouette images by television at Selfridges department store in London in a three-week series of demonstrations beginning on 25 March 1925. On 26 January 1926, Baird gave

3154-534: The Colquhouns and the Sutherlands. Helensburgh received its burgh charter from King George III in 1802. This was somewhat surprising, as the 1799 Statistical Account of Scotland indicates that Helensburgh only had a population of about 100 at that time. To commemorate the bicentenary of the burgh charter in 2002 many members of Helensburgh Heritage Trust combined to produce a special history book of

3237-552: The Farnsworth tubes instead to scan cinefilm, in which capacity they proved serviceable though prone to drop-outs and other problems. Farnsworth himself came to London to the Baird Crystal Palace laboratories in 1936 but was unable to fully solve the problem; the fire that burned Crystal Palace to the ground later that year further hampered the Baird company's ability to compete. Baird made many contributions to

3320-642: The Firth of Clyde, which is approximately 3 miles (5 km) wide at this point. Ocean-going ships can call at Greenock, but the shore at Helensburgh is very shallow, although to the west of the town the Gareloch is deep. Helensburgh lies at the western mainland end of the Highland Boundary Fault . This means that the hills to the north of Helensburgh lie in the Highlands , whereas the land to

3403-806: The Germans also restarted a TV station in Paris to broadcast programs in German and French. In 1944, the station was shut down, as were most other cultural events, as a consequence of the approach of the Allied Armies in the Normandy Campaign . After the collapse of East Germany in 1990, about 280 rolls of 35mm film were discovered of Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow programs. In recent years, much of that material has been aired on German and international channels, mostly by The History Channel . In Germany,

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3486-516: The Helensburgh War Memorial Project published its researches and added a further 59 "missing names" to the list; all were men. It also gave a variety of explanations as to why these names were not on the war memorial. If the 1911 census is used, which recorded a population of 8,529, then it can be calculated that Helensburgh lost three percent of its population to the war. This is a particularly significant portion when it

3569-493: The Hill House, became enclosed in a protective structure, known as "The Box", a cautionary measure intended to slow down damages caused by damp penetration by allowing for the building to dry out. The design of The Box is notable for its chainmail mesh walls as well as the internal walkways that allow visitors to view Hill House's exterior from elevated viewpoints. In June 2021, a pavilion was added to Hermitage Park, marking

3652-474: The Queen's Hotel, and it is now private accommodation as part of Queen's Court at 114 East Clyde Street. At that time the taking of baths (hot and cold, fresh water and salt water) was considered to be advantageous to the health. As a result of his initiative Helensburgh began to develop as a holiday resort, and Bell also served as the town's first recorded Provost from 1807–09. When Henry Bell came to Helensburgh, roads to Glasgow were in poor condition and

3735-595: The Reverend John Baird, the Church of Scotland 's minister for the local St Bride's Church, and Jessie Morrison Inglis, the orphaned niece of the wealthy Inglis family of shipbuilders from Glasgow . He was educated at Larchfield Academy (now part of Lomond School ) in Helensburgh; the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College ; and the University of Glasgow . While at college, Baird undertook

3818-400: The area. During the last ice age , the weight of the ice pushed the land downwards. Consequently, when the ice melted, sea levels were higher than they are now. Evidence of this can clearly be seen in Helensburgh where the first two blocks of streets nearer the sea are built on a raised beach . Behind them the land rises up quite steeply for one block and then rises more gently – and this is

3901-542: The challenges of postwar reconstruction. The monochrome 405-line standard remained in place until 1985 in some areas, and the 625-line system was introduced in 1964 and ( PAL ) colour in 1967. A demonstration of large screen three-dimensional television by the BBC was reported in March 2008, over 60 years after Baird's demonstration. Some of Baird's early inventions were not fully successful. In his twenties he tried to create diamonds by heating graphite . Later Baird invented

3984-578: The coordinates of the subject in three-dimensional space. From December 1944, Logie Baird lived at 1 Station Road, Bexhill-on-Sea , East Sussex, he later died there on 14 June 1946 after suffering a stroke in February. The house was demolished in 2007 and the site is now occupied by apartments named Baird Court. Logie Baird is buried beside his parents in Helensburgh Cemetery , Argyll, Scotland. Australian television's Logie Awards were named in honour of John Logie Baird's contribution to

4067-542: The early television system used by Scophony Limited who operated in Britain up to WWII and then in the US. "Of all the electro-mechanical television techniques invented and developed by the mid 1930s, the technology known as Scophony had no rival in terms of technical performance." In 1948 Scophony acquired John Logie Baird Ltd. Baird's television systems were replaced by the first fully electronic television system developed by

4150-438: The end of a four-year project. The Park Pavilion is a Passivhaus design, believed to be the first non-domestic Passivhaus building in Scotland. In October the following year, a £22 million leisure centre was officially opened on the Helensburgh pier, replacing the previous swimming pool which had closed two months prior. Helensburgh is 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Glasgow . The town faces south towards Greenock across

4233-517: The field of electronic television after mechanical systems became obsolete. In 1939, he showed a system known today as hybrid colour using a cathode-ray tube in front of which revolved a disc fitted with colour filters, a method taken up by CBS and RCA in the United States. As early as 1940, Baird had started work on a fully electronic system he called the " Telechrome ". Early Telechrome devices used two electron guns aimed at either side of

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4316-611: The first public demonstration of true television images for members of the Royal Institution and a reporter from The Times in his laboratory at 22 Frith Street in the Soho district of London, where Bar Italia is now located. Baird initially used a scan rate of 5 pictures per second, improving this to 12.5 pictures per second c.1927. It was the first demonstration of a television system that could scan and display live moving images with tonal graduation. He demonstrated

4399-447: The first television picture with a greyscale image: the head of a ventriloquist's dummy nicknamed " Stooky Bill " in a 32-line vertically scanned image, at five pictures per second. Baird went downstairs and fetched an office worker, 20-year-old William Edward Taynton, to see what a human face would look like, and Taynton became the first person to be televised in a full tonal range. In June 1924, Baird had bought from Cyril Frank Elwell

4482-628: The first transatlantic television transmission, from London to Hartsdale , New York, and in 1929 the first television programmes officially transmitted by the BBC . In November 1929, Baird and Bernard Natan established France's first television company, Télévision-Baird-Natan. Broadcast on the BBC on 14 July 1930, The Man with the Flower in His Mouth was the first drama shown on UK television. The BBC transmitted Baird's first live outside broadcast with

4565-450: The great distance between the Helensburgh area and Inverness , NHS Highland has an arrangement with NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde which ensures that the latter provides the services needed locally. Sports are well represented with various football, rugby, cricket, athletics, netball, hockey, curling , bowling , golf, sailing and fishing clubs amongst others active in the town. The seafront has an indoor swimming pool, an esplanade walk,

4648-410: The high ground of the north London ridge, the BBC began alternating Baird 240-line transmissions with EMI 's electronic scanning system, which had recently been improved to 405-lines after a merger with Marconi . The Baird system at the time involved an intermediate film process, where footage was shot on cinefilm, which was rapidly developed and scanned. The trial was due to last for 6 months but

4731-670: The invention of the television. Baird became the only deceased subject of This Is Your Life when he was honoured by Eamonn Andrews at the BBC Television Theatre in 1957. In 2014, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) inducted Logie Baird into The Honor Roll, which "posthumously recognizes individuals who were not awarded Honorary Membership during their lifetimes but whose contributions would have been sufficient to warrant such an honor". In 2023, John MacKay portrayed John Logie Baird in both

4814-456: The journey by boat could take several days, depending on the strength and direction of the wind and on tidal conditions. Consequently, in 1812 Henry Bell introduced the paddle steamer Comet to bring guests from Glasgow in comfort and more speedily to his hotel. The Comet was the first commercial steamship in Europe . That this vessel and subsequent steamships could travel straight into

4897-598: The last (1955) Stickleback-class submarine built for the Royal Navy. In 2016 proof was found that a building long suspected of having been designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh , was actually his work. It was built as the Helensburgh & Gareloch Conservative Club, and the top floor only of this large building is now known as the Mackintosh Club. It is located in the town centre at 40 Sinclair Street. Three years later, Helensburgh's other Mackintosh work,

4980-559: The mouth of the Gareloch . Historically in Dunbartonshire , it became part of Argyll and Bute following local government reorganisation in 1996. Although it has long been known that there are some prehistoric remains in the Helensburgh area, recent fieldwork by the North Clyde Archaeological Society has uncovered more. However the oldest building in the town itself is Ardencaple Castle which

5063-628: The newly formed company EMI- Marconi under Sir Isaac Shoenberg , who headed a research group that developed an advanced camera tube (the Emitron) and a relatively efficient hard-vacuum cathode-ray tube for the television receiver. Philo T. Farnsworth 's electronic "Image Dissector" camera was available to Baird's company via a patent-sharing agreement. However, the Image Dissector camera was found to be lacking in light sensitivity, requiring excessive levels of illumination. The Baird company used

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5146-472: The original Phonovision discs have been preserved. Baird's other developments were in fibre-optics , radio direction finding, infrared night viewing and radar . There is discussion about his exact contribution to the development of radar, for his wartime defence projects have never been officially acknowledged by the UK government . According to Malcolm Baird, his son, what is known is that in 1926 Baird filed

5229-427: The rediscovered footage has been first used in the 1996 documentary Televisionen im Dritten Reich ("Tele-Visions in the Third Reich") made by WDR and NDR , as well as in Michael Kloft's 1999 documentary Das Fernsehen unter dem Hakenkreuz ("Television Under the Swastika "). This article about a German television station is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . John Logie Baird This

5312-415: The ship's bell from Henry Bell 's paddle steamer Comet . In addition, a number of brass plaques have been set into the pavements and these give a description of the condition of the streets of the town in 1845. That same year, the previously derelict Clyde Street School reopened as the Helensburgh and Lomond Civic Centre of Argyll and Bute Council after significant renovations and the addition of both

5395-405: The sock provided warmth. Between 1926 and 1928, he attempted to develop an early video recording device, which he dubbed Phonovision . The system consisted of a large Nipkow scanning disk attached by a mechanical linkage to a record-cutting lathe . The result was a disc that could record a 30-line video signal. Technical difficulties with the system prevented its further development, but some of

5478-420: The south of Helensburgh is in the Lowlands or Central Belt of Scotland . Consequently, there is a wide variety of landscape in the surrounding area – for example, Loch Lomond (part of Scotland's first National Park ) is only 4 miles (6.4 km) over the hill to the north-east of Helensburgh. Although the Highland Boundary Fault is not geologically active, very minor earthquakes do occur occasionally in

5561-449: The televising of The Derby in 1931. He demonstrated a theatre television system, with a screen two feet by five feet (60 cm by 150 cm), in 1930 at the London Coliseum , Berlin, Paris, and Stockholm . By 1939 he had improved his theatre projection to televise a boxing match on a screen 15 ft (4.6 m) by 12 ft (3.7 m). From 1929 to 1935, the BBC transmitters were used to broadcast television programmes using

5644-486: The temporary withdrawal of the Blue Trains which did not return to traffic until late 1961. Since then traffic on this route has risen steadily, helped from October 2010 when two trains each hour commenced running right through to Edinburgh via the newly re-opened (and electrified) Airdrie - Bathgate line. By the late 1870s the North British Railway Company (which had become owner of the Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway ) felt that its steamer services were at

5727-427: The town centre from the station on to the pier. This proposal split opinion in the town down the middle, with Parliament ultimately deciding against it. Consequently, the North British Railway Company decided to build its "station in the sea" at Craigendoran just outside the eastern boundary of the town, and this opened in 1882. Shipping services stopped in 1972 but Craigendoran railway station remains in use. In 1894

5810-464: The town's state secondary school. Helensburgh also has a Roman Catholic state primary school, namely St. Joseph's. Parklands School is also provided by Argyll and Bute Council and is a purpose-built school for pupils with Complex Special Educational Needs. Standing in the School grounds is Ardlui House which provides residential short breaks for up to 2 weeks for the same types of children and young people. The sole independent school, Lomond School ,

5893-470: The town. Henry Bell (1767–1830) had arrived in Helensburgh by 1806. By training he was a millwright , but he had also worked for a period in a shipyard at Bo'ness . He probably designed and built the Baths Inn which he and his wife then ran as a hotel; he designed and built other buildings, such as Dalmonach Works at Bonhill in West Dunbartonshire (now demolished) and St Andrew's Parish Church in Carluke in South Lanarkshire . The Baths Inn later became

5976-403: The wealthier business people of Glasgow could now set up home in the fresh air of Helensburgh and commute daily between the two places. This led to the expansion of the town northwards up the hill and the building of many substantial Victorian villas. The best known of these is The Hill House which was designed in 1902–03 by Glasgow architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh and which now belongs to

6059-415: The west esplanade) where parts of the square were pedestrianised. An integral part of this redesign was the creation of the award-winning Outdoor Museum, which consisted of the erection of 120 plinths, which over time would be gradually filled with items or replicas connected with Helensburgh's history and character, including a puppet's head used by John Logie Baird in his first television experiments and

6142-537: The wind meant that Helensburgh's shallow shore line was a much smaller problem for sailors. As a result, the town began to grow from a population of about 500 in 1810 to 2,229 by the 1841 Census . It is difficult to overstate the importance of Bell in Scottish and British economic history; not only was he a pioneer of tourism, but it can also be argued that the later pre-eminence of the River Clyde in shipbuilding

6225-524: The world's first colour transmission on 3 July 1928, using scanning discs at the transmitting and receiving ends with three spirals of apertures, each spiral with a filter of a different primary colour; and three light sources at the receiving end, with a commutator to alternate their illumination. That same year he also demonstrated stereoscopic television. In 1927, Baird transmitted a long-distance television signal over 438 miles (705 km) of telephone line between London and Glasgow ; Baird transmitted

6308-711: The world's first long-distance television pictures to the Central Hotel at Glasgow Central Station. This transmission was Baird's response to a 225-mile, long-distance telecast between stations of AT&T Bell Labs. The Bell stations were in New York and Washington, DC. The earlier telecast took place in April 1927, a month before Baird's demonstration. Baird set up the Baird Television Development Company Ltd , which in 1928 made

6391-516: Was founded in 1977 as a result of a merger between St Bride's School (which was for girls) and Larchfield School (which was primary only and for boys). Both primary and secondary education are provided at Lomond School and the school caters for both day pupils and boarders , a large proportion of the latter coming from abroad. The town has two medical practices, both located within the same Medical Centre in East King Street. There are also

6474-460: Was in no small measure due to him. Following the arrival of the Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway in 1858 the population of Helensburgh grew even more rapidly, reaching 5,964 in the 1871 Census . The Municipal Buildings , designed by John Honeyman, were completed in 1879. Glasgow at this time was developing very rapidly as an industrial city, but this rapid growth caused it to become dirty, smoky and unpleasant. The railway meant that

6557-621: Was inducted into the Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame . In 2017, IEEE unveiled a bronze street plaque at 22 Frith Street ( Bar Italia ), London, dedicated to Baird and the invention of television. In 2021, the Royal Mint unveiled a John Logie Baird 50p coin commemorating the 75th anniversary of his death. Baird was born on 13 August 1888 in Helensburgh , Dunbartonshire, and was the youngest of four children of

6640-553: Was joined in 1994 by The Upper Helensburgh Conservation Area, which includes architectural works by William Leiper and Baillie Scott, and in 2019, by the Town Centre Conservation Area. In a 2006 survey, Helensburgh was shown to be the second most expensive town in which to buy property in Scotland. The town contains many tree-lined streets, and the cherry blossom in the Spring is a particular feature ;

6723-619: Was split in two. The southern half was used by the Royal Navy and the northern half for shipbreaking until 1980. In 1957 the Royal Navy closed its submarine base in Rothesay Bay and transferred it to Faslane. Six years later the British Government decided to buy seaborne nuclear weapons from the United States and to base them in submarines at Faslane which became known as the Clyde Submarine Base. This decision had

6806-510: Was the Church of Scotland which by 1880 had 5 congregations in the town, each with its own building. However, with falling church attendances, and a vision to rationalise resources to better enable mission, these had all merged by 2015, so that the only Church of Scotland congregation is Helensburgh Parish Church in Colquhoun Square. Helensburgh is the largest Church of Scotland Parish in Scotland. The Scottish Catholic Church has

6889-504: Was the ancestral home of Clan MacAulay , and the history of which may date back to the twelfth century. Today only one tower of this building remains, the rest having been demolished in 1957–59. In 1752 Sir James Colquhoun (died 1786), chief of the Clan Colquhoun of Luss , bought the land which was to become Helensburgh; at that time it was known by such names as Malig, Millig or Milligs. In 1776 he placed an advertisement in

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