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77-532: The car revives the name used on the late-1950s Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder and the 1960s 365 California . The modern California (2008) was originally introduced as an entry-level model; however, it included many new design innovations from Ferrari. The original base price of the California was similar to the base price of the F430 , the company's V8 flagship sports car at the time of its introduction. In 2018,

154-1826: A c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} . The force between a fluid and a body, when there is relative motion, can only be transmitted by normal pressure and tangential friction stresses. So, for the whole body, the drag part of the force, which is in-line with the approaching fluid motion, is composed of frictional drag (viscous drag) and pressure drag (form drag). The total drag and component drag forces can be related as follows: c d = 2 F d ρ v 2 A = c p + c f = 2 ρ v 2 A ∫ S d S ( p − p o ) ( n ^ ⋅ i ^ ) ⏟ c p + 2 ρ v 2 A ∫ S d S ( t ^ ⋅ i ^ ) T w ⏟ c f {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}c_{\mathrm {d} }&={\dfrac {2F_{\mathrm {d} }}{\rho v^{2}A}}\\&=c_{\mathrm {p} }+c_{\mathrm {f} }\\&=\underbrace {{\dfrac {2}{\rho v^{2}A}}\displaystyle \int _{S}\mathrm {d} S(p-p_{o})\left({\hat {\mathbf {n} }}\cdot {\hat {\mathbf {i} }}\right)} _{c_{\mathrm {p} }}+\underbrace {{\dfrac {2}{\rho v^{2}A}}\displaystyle \int _{S}\mathrm {d} S\left({\hat {\mathbf {t} }}\cdot {\hat {\mathbf {i} }}\right)T_{\rm {w}}} _{c_{\mathrm {f} }}\end{aligned}}} where: Therefore, when

231-411: A 9% quicker steering ratio (2.3 turns lock to lock as opposed to the standard rack's 2.5). Overall it does away with some driving comfort trading it for reduced body roll, higher-speed cornering, and better handling during aggressive vehicle operation. Ferrari has historically been very open to working with customers to develop specific model variants or specialized features. In late 2011, this philosophy

308-502: A California Spyder from the North American Racing Team , driven by Bob Grossman and Fernand Tavano, secured fifth place in the 1959 24 Hours of Le Mans. Some California Spyders were also equipped with the engine from the "Competizione" berlinettes, the sportier versions of the series. The 250 GT California Spyder is often noted for its aesthetic appeal among Ferrari models and cabriolets in automotive history. It

385-665: A Handling Speciale (HS) package; a redesigned chassis and elimination of the manual transmission option. The “30” has a published top speed of 312 km/h (194 mph) The car was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show as a 2012 model in Europe and as a 2013 model in North America. Deliveries began in Europe first. It was produced in North American model years 2013 and 2014 only. The updated engine continued with

462-468: A bench storage area, which could accommodate slightly more luggage or personal effects than the seats and included matching leather luggage tie-down belts. The California was the first Ferrari road car to offer stop/start technology . What was an option package and called the HELE system (High Emotion / Low Emission) allowed the engine to shut off while at extended idle and start again immediately upon pushing

539-409: A case where all of the fluid approaching the object is brought to rest, building up stagnation pressure over the whole front surface. The top figure shows a flat plate with the fluid coming from the right and stopping at the plate. The graph to the left of it shows equal pressure across the surface. In a real flat plate, the fluid must turn around the sides, and full stagnation pressure is found only at

616-402: A completely modular type chassis and was made entirely of innovative aluminum alloys. It is 30 kg (66 lb) lighter than the standard California chassis with no loss in structural capacity providing an extremely high torsional rigidity value. To give the clients a more dynamic driving experience, an optional HS (Handling Speciale) package was developed as part of the update in 2012 (for

693-564: A crash. The F136 engines had crankshafts that were machined incorrectly. The auto maker learned of the problem when it happened during a review by car critics. Owners could choose from having a new engine installed by their dealer, having the engine removed and the work done by Ferrari North America or having a new crankshaft and bearings installed at the dealership. The recall was for a total of 200 vehicles worldwide that were produced in 2011 and 2012. Of those 200 affected vehicles, 74 were delivered to North America. The 200 recalled vehicles were from

770-518: A demand for a more aggressive convertible, a market segment not sufficiently addressed by the luxurious 250 GT Cabriolet Pinin Farina. In an interview, Chinetti explains "that in Italy it was difficult for the company to seriously consider a convertible as a sports car". Initially, Enzo Ferrari was hesitant to produce the California model, as the popular 250 GT Cabriolet Pinin Farina was already in

847-439: A designated area for a license plate, necessitating that owners find their solutions to comply with local regulations. The interior of the 250 GT California Spyder, while similar in finish to that of the 250 GT Cabriolet Pinin Farina I, is characterized by a minimalist design that prioritizes functionality over luxury, resulting in a simpler and more utilitarian appearance. The dashboard features seven circular dials, including

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924-470: A drag coefficient multiplied by the speed of the object (rather than the square of the speed of the object). An example of such a regime is the study of the mobility of aerosol particulates, such as smoke particles. This leads to a different formal definition of the "drag coefficient," of course. In the non dimensional form of the Cauchy momentum equation, the skin drag coefficient or skin friction coefficient

1001-516: A drag coefficient of  C d =0.32. The California was, at the time, the most aerodynamic Ferrari road car ever made until the introduction of the F12berlinetta . The California was manufactured in a purpose built facility that was constructed adjacent to the existing factory at Maranello . The new facility was part of Ferrari's Formula Uomo programme that started in 1997 to improve production, safety and employee happiness. Overall,

1078-406: A landmark car for Ferrari in that it represents a number of concepts being used for the first time in their road cars: The Ferrari-Maserati Type F136IB engine displaces 4,297 cubic centimetres (262.2 cubic inches), and used a gasoline direct injection system produced by Bosch . It generates a maximum power output of 338 kW (460 PS; 453 hp) at 7,750 rpm; its maximum torque produced

1155-465: A new F1 Trac system. The car can accelerate from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 3.6 seconds and attain a top speed of 315 km/h (196 mph). The car also features a new front fascia that was influenced by the F12, a revised rear section and a revised interior. The revised rear end replaced the two sets of two vertically stacked exhaust pipes with four horizontally aligned pipes. Another improvement to

1232-616: A new sport exhaust system. Visually, the HS package-equipped cars are distinguished by a matte grey grille and rear diffuser, matte black diffuser fences and matte black exhaust tips. The California T Handling Speciale was unveiled at the March 2016 Geneva Motor Show . Through the Tailor Made programme, the California T was produced in several special editions and could also be customised to suit individual customers. For Ferrari's 70th anniversary in 2017, this included 70 liveries inspired by

1309-405: A practical range of interest is usually small, while for cars at highway speed and aircraft at cruising speed, the incoming flow direction is also more-or-less the same. Therefore, the drag coefficient c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} can often be treated as a constant. For a streamlined body to achieve a low drag coefficient, the boundary layer around

1386-594: A price of EUR 7 million. Additionally, a 250 GT California Spyder that once belonged to French actor Alain Delon sold for nearly EUR 16.3 million on February 5, 2015, at an auction in Paris conducted by Artcurial, setting a world record for this model. The growing American interest in European auto racing and the popularity of smaller sports cars led to a significant increase in sales of European sports car manufacturers in

1463-406: A radical new design by Pininfarina S.p.A. and was developed under the oversight of Ken Okuyama. The model was primarily intended to attract new Ferrari owners. The car's grand touring personality was emphasized with a slightly higher ride height compared to its more aggressive siblings. The chassis was designed and manufactured by Ferrari division Carrozzeria Scaglietti . Overall, it is considered

1540-483: A real square flat plate perpendicular to the flow is often given as 1.17. Flow patterns and therefore c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} for some shapes can change with the Reynolds number and the roughness of the surfaces. In general, c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} is not an absolute constant for a given body shape. It varies with

1617-488: A significant wheelbase change introduced on the 250 GT Berlinetta SWB. This adjustment reduced the wheelbase to 2,400 mm, allowing for wider tracks and lower ground clearance. The tubular chassis supports bodywork primarily made of steel, with aluminum doors. This design results in a weight approximately 100 kilograms heavier than that of the Berlinetta, a difference attributed to the need for structural reinforcement in

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1694-412: Is 485 N⋅m (358 lbf⋅ft) at 5,000 rpm. The resulting 79 kW (106 hp) per litre of engine displacement is extremely high for a naturally aspirated engine, as other manufacturers have used forced induction to reach similar power levels. The engine makes use of a wet sump designed lubrication system. The engine's sound – a feature that distinguishes every Ferrari – was engineered to enhance

1771-450: Is a convertible version of the contemporary Berlinetta. It is powered by the traditional Ferrari V12 engine and was produced in approximately 100 units, nearly equally split between long wheel-bases (LWB) versions from 1957 to 1960 and short wheelbase (SWB) versions from 1960 to 1963. On May 18, 2008, a midnight blue Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder SWB was sold at the "Ferrari Leggenda e Passione" auction, organized by Sotheby's , for

1848-402: Is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment, such as air or water. It is used in the drag equation in which a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less aerodynamic or hydrodynamic drag. The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area. The drag coefficient of any object comprises

1925-408: Is also one of the most valuable cars; on May 18, 2008, television host Chris Evans purchased a model previously owned by actor James Coburn for a record price of €7,040,000 at the "Ferrari Legends and Passions" auction organized by Sotheby's. On February 6, 2015, a short chassis version of the 250 GT California, previously owned by Roger Baillon and lost to history for nearly 30 years, was sold at

2002-429: Is an average increase of 20% in acceleration when exiting curves (when compared to traditional traction control systems). The grand touring California was available with two passenger seating configurations. The first option ( 2+2 ) included two rear seats that are limited in space and arguably only capable of accommodating small child safety seats. The second option (2+) did away with the rear seats, replacing them with

2079-405: Is defined as c d = 2 F d ρ u 2 A {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }={\dfrac {2F_{\mathrm {d} }}{\rho u^{2}A}}} where: The reference area depends on what type of drag coefficient is being measured. For automobiles and many other objects, the reference area is the projected frontal area of

2156-488: Is not a constant but varies as a function of flow speed, flow direction, object position, object size, fluid density and fluid viscosity . Speed, kinematic viscosity and a characteristic length scale of the object are incorporated into a dimensionless quantity called the Reynolds number R e {\displaystyle \mathrm {Re} } . c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }}

2233-415: Is referred to the transversal area (the area normal to the drag force, so the coefficient is locally defined as: c d = τ q = 2 τ ρ u 2 {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }={\dfrac {\tau }{q}}={\dfrac {2\tau }{\rho u^{2}}}} where: The drag equation is essentially a statement that

2310-437: Is the nominal wing area. Since this tends to be large compared to the frontal area, the resulting drag coefficients tend to be low, much lower than for a car with the same drag, frontal area, and speed. Airships and some bodies of revolution use the volumetric drag coefficient, in which the reference area is the square of the cube root of the airship volume (volume to the two-thirds power). Submerged streamlined bodies use

2387-473: Is thus a function of R e {\displaystyle \mathrm {Re} } . In a compressible flow, the speed of sound is relevant, and c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} is also a function of Mach number M a {\displaystyle \mathrm {Ma} } . For certain body shapes, the drag coefficient c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} only depends on

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2464-524: Is typically supplemented by two side vents featuring three polished aluminum slots, located behind the front wheels, which assist in engine ventilation. Although the Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder was not specifically designed for competition, many models participated in endurance races. It won the 12 Hours of Sebring in 1959, driven by Richie Ginther and Howard Hively, and again in 1960 with Giorgio Scarlatti, Fabrizio Serena, and Carlo Abate. Additionally,

2541-476: Is very small and drag is dominated by the friction component. Therefore, such a body (here an airfoil) is described as streamlined, whereas for bodies with fluid flow at high angles of attack, boundary layer separation takes place. This mainly occurs due to adverse pressure gradients at the top and rear parts of an airfoil . Due to this, wake formation takes place, which consequently leads to eddy formation and pressure loss due to pressure drag. In such situations,

2618-495: The Ferrari California was introduced, showcasing design elements reminiscent of the 250 GT California Spyder. Drag coefficient In fluid dynamics , the drag coefficient (commonly denoted as: c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} , c x {\displaystyle c_{x}} or c w {\displaystyle c_{\rm {w}}} )

2695-491: The Italian automotive company Ferrari . It is presented by the brand as Ferrari 250 Gran Turismo Spyder California or simply Ferrari 250 California. It was designed by Sergio Scaglietti, who adapted the styling of the 250 GT Pinin Farina , and was produced by Carrozzeria Scaglietti . The model gained considerable recognition after its appearance in the 1986 film Ferris Bueller's Day Off . The 250 GT California Spyder

2772-425: The drag force on any object is proportional to the density of the fluid and proportional to the square of the relative flow speed between the object and the fluid. The factor of 1 / 2 {\displaystyle 1/2} comes from the dynamic pressure of the fluid, which is equal to the kinetic energy density. The value of c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }}

2849-559: The 250 GT "Tour de France." It features an independent suspension with superimposed triangles and coil springs at the front, while the rear is equipped with a rigid axle, suspended by leaf springs and guided by four push struts and link shocks. In 1960, telescopic shock absorbers replaced the Houdaille torsion bars at the front. The chassis underwent detailed evolution alongside that of the "Tour de France" berlinetta and, in May 1960, adopted

2926-535: The Artcurial auction during the Retromobile show for €14,200,000 (excluding auction fees). This particular vehicle had a notable history, having belonged to several French movie stars, including Alain Delon, and was discovered under a pile of newspapers alongside a Maserati A6G GranSport. Sporty convertibles, such as the 250 GT California Spyder, continue to be a prominent feature in Ferrari's lineup. In 2008,

3003-499: The California and 458 Italia model ranges. The Ferrari California T (Type 149M) is an updated design of the California model featuring new sheetmetal and revised body features; a new interior, a revised chassis and a new turbocharged powertrain. It debuted in 2014 for the 2015 model year. First unveiled on the web on February 12, 2014, subsequently, the car debuted at the Geneva Motor Show (March 6–16, 2014). The T in

3080-589: The California was succeeded by the Portofino . The California was launched at the October 2008 Paris Motor Show . When introduced, the California represented a new fourth model range for Ferrari. The new model range (front-engine, eight cylinder grand touring sports car) joined the then current models: the mid-engine eight cylinder sports car, the mid-engine twelve cylinder sports car, and the front-engine twelve-cylinder grand touring car. The California represented

3157-425: The Ferrari production line(s) make a total of about 27 cars per day, or between 6,000 and 8,000 cars per year. Production of the California amounted to about 8,000 units spanning between 2008 and 2012. 1,219 cars were manufactured in calendar year 2013; 1,645 in calendar year 2014; and 2,638 in calendar year 2015. 2016 saw production of 2,247 vehicles, and about 1,600 were made in 2017. Total production of all variants

Ferrari California - Misplaced Pages Continue

3234-452: The Reynolds number R e {\displaystyle \mathrm {Re} } , Mach number M a {\displaystyle \mathrm {Ma} } and the direction of the flow. For low Mach number M a {\displaystyle \mathrm {Ma} } , the drag coefficient is independent of Mach number. Also, the variation with Reynolds number R e {\displaystyle \mathrm {Re} } within

3311-498: The US 2013 model year). It can typically be recognized by a no cost option of a silver coloured grille and silver ventilation blisters behind the front wheel wells. The HS package includes Delphi MagneRide magnetorheological dampers controlled by the ECU with 50% faster response time utilizing a patented Ferrari software, stiffer springs for more precise body control and a steering rack with

3388-541: The United States. This trend prompted Ferrari, along with other European manufacturers, to consider developing models tailored specifically for the American market. The success of convertible sports cars, especially in California, led to interest from American dealers such as Jon von Neumann and Luigi Chinetti to advocate for Ferrari to produce a sporty convertible designed for American consumers. They identified

3465-583: The VIN. In the 30 variant, the VIN's sixth digit (in North America) is “T” representing the F136IH engine. In the base model, the VIN's sixth digit (again in North America) is “L” representing the earlier generation F136IB engine. The California 30 chassis was re-engineered with structural modifications including new materials and aerospace derived construction technologies. It is the first Ferrari road car with

3542-552: The accelerator pedal. While this technology was not always well received by many of the Ferrari Tifosi , it did allow for substantial tax savings upon sale in certain governmental jurisdictions. Later Ferrari models also offered this technology which has subsequently become common or mandatory in certain markets. The original California had a top speed of 310 km/h (193 mph) and it could accelerate from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in four seconds. Although that model

3619-416: The airfoil is stalled and has higher pressure drag than friction drag. In this case, the body is described as a blunt body. A streamlined body looks like a fish ( tuna ), Oropesa , etc. or an airfoil with small angle of attack, whereas a blunt body looks like a brick, a cylinder or an airfoil with high angle of attack. For a given frontal area and velocity, a streamlined body will have lower resistance than

3696-466: The body must remain attached to the surface of the body for as long as possible, causing the wake to be narrow. A high form drag results in a broad wake. The boundary layer will transition from laminar to turbulent if Reynolds number of the flow around the body is sufficiently great. Larger velocities, larger objects, and lower viscosities contribute to larger Reynolds numbers. For other objects, such as small particles, one can no longer consider that

3773-516: The car is the reduction of emission pollution by 15% compared to its naturally aspirated predecessor. The car also utilises small turbo chargers and a variable boost management system to reduce turbo lag. It is also the first Ferrari road car debuting the new Apple CarPlay functionality into its built-in infotainment system – Apple confirmed at the launch of the Geneva Motor Show that Ferrari , Mercedes-Benz and Volvo would be among

3850-427: The car over the years. The prototype was introduced in 1957, and series production commenced in the second quarter of 1958. At the 1960 Geneva International Motor Show , the 250 GT California Spyder transitioned from the long chassis of the Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta "Tour de France", which had a wheelbase of 2.60 meters, to a short chassis version with a reduced wheelbase of 2.40 meters. This change aimed to enhance

3927-540: The car's performance, particularly its cornering capabilities. The design of the California, noted for its influence in automotive styling, was created by Sergio Scaglietti. Aesthetically, it closely resembles the luxurious Ferrari 250 GT Cabriolet Pinin Farina Series I, produced in the same year, but the California Spyder is characterized by a more slender profile. Its fluid body lines extend from

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4004-420: The center, dropping off toward the edges as in the lower figure and graph. Only considering the front side, the c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} of a real flat plate would be less than 1; except that there will be suction on the backside: a negative pressure (relative to ambient). The overall c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} of

4081-421: The company's iconic cars of the past such as the 250 GT Berlinetta SWB and Steve McQueen 's 1963 250 GT Berlinetta Lusso. The California T Tailor Made liveries were unveiled at the March 2016 Geneva Motor Show and also shown at other subsequent motor shows such as the October 2016 Paris Motor Show . Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder The Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder is a sports car developed by

4158-552: The convertible design. While the car's weight is slightly over one ton, exact figures may vary among sources. Braking was initially provided by drum brakes until October 1959, when the 250 GT California Spyder was upgraded to Dunlop disc brakes. The Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder is powered by the traditional Ferrari "Colombo" 12-cylinder V-engine (Type 168), constructed from light alloy and featuring two overhead camshafts with two valves per cylinder. This engine, named after its designer, Gioacchino Colombo , has been utilized across

4235-399: The drag coefficient c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} is constant, but certainly is a function of Reynolds number. At a low Reynolds number, the flow around the object does not transition to turbulent but remains laminar, even up to the point at which it separates from the surface of the object. At very low Reynolds numbers, without flow separation,

4312-486: The drag force F d {\displaystyle F_{\mathrm {d} }} is proportional to v {\displaystyle v} instead of v 2 {\displaystyle v^{2}} ; for a sphere this is known as Stokes' law . The Reynolds number will be low for small objects, low velocities, and high viscosity fluids. A c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} equal to 1 would be obtained in

4389-462: The drag force increases. As noted above, aircraft use their wing area as the reference area when computing c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} , while automobiles (and many other objects) use projected frontal area; thus, coefficients are not directly comparable between these classes of vehicles. In the aerospace industry, the drag coefficient is sometimes expressed in drag counts where 1 drag count = 0.0001 of

4466-483: The drag is dominated by a frictional component, the body is called a streamlined body ; whereas in the case of dominant pressure drag, the body is called a blunt or bluff body . Thus, the shape of the body and the angle of attack determine the type of drag. For example, an airfoil is considered as a body with a small angle of attack by the fluid flowing across it. This means that it has attached boundary layers , which produce much less pressure drag. The wake produced

4543-418: The effects of the two basic contributors to fluid dynamic drag: skin friction and form drag . The drag coefficient of a lifting airfoil or hydrofoil also includes the effects of lift-induced drag . The drag coefficient of a complete structure such as an aircraft also includes the effects of interference drag. The drag coefficient c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }}

4620-424: The entire 250 series since 1952. Configured at a 60° angle, the engine has a displacement of 2,953 cm³, with a bore and stroke of 73 mm × 58.8 mm. It is equipped with three Weber double-barrel carburetors, initially 36 millimeters in size, increasing to 42 millimeters from 1960 onward. The engine initially produced 240 hp at 7,000 rpm for the long wheelbase (LWB) version, which was subsequently upgraded to 280 hp with

4697-491: The first car manufacturers to bring CarPlay compatible models to the market. Similarly to the previous generation, a Handling Speciale (HS) package was made available for the California T, providing sportier handling at the expense of a stiffer ride. The Handling Speciale includes stiffer springs front and aft, retuned magnetorheological dampers, faster gear shifts when in Sport mode, a reprogrammed F1-Trac stability control, and

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4774-453: The front lights to the curves of the wings, complemented by an aggressive "shark mouth" grille. Based on the berlinetta, the California Spyder retains many of its aesthetic features, including the distinctive "hip recess" in front of the rear wheels. The windshield slope is more pronounced due to its convertible design. In 1960, the adoption of the short chassis from the 250 GT Berlinetta SWB resulted in more compact proportions that enhanced

4851-407: The introduction of the short wheelbase (SWB) version, owing to new cylinder heads and larger valves. It is paired with a 4-speed gearbox, known for its docility, availability, and reliability. In 1960, spark plugs were relocated outside the V configuration, similar to the 250 Testa Rossa, to facilitate maintenance. Additionally, an overdrive was incorporated into the gearbox. The front air intake

4928-514: The lineup. However, had he rejected Chinetti and Neumann's proposal, it is likely they would have converted the 250 GT Berlinetta "Tour de France" or SWB into a spider with Scaglietti's assistance, a practice they later employed in 1967 with some Ferrari 275 GTB/4 models. The 250 GT California Spyder was created to appeal to American consumers, particularly those in California, as reflected in its name. This model effectively combined race car performance with custom specifications, sustaining interest in

5005-468: The literature. The reason for this is that the conventional definition makes the most sense when one is in the Newton regime, such as what happens at high Reynolds number, where it makes sense to scale the drag to the momentum flux into the frontal area of the object. But, there are other flow regimes. In particular at very low Reynolds number, it is more natural to write the drag force as being proportional to

5082-475: The moniker stands for Turbo, a technology Ferrari last used on the F40 road car. The car utilizes a new 3,855 cc (3.9 L; 235.2 cu in) twin-turbocharged V8 engine that produces 412 kW (560 PS; 553 hp) at 7,500 rpm and 755 N⋅m (557 lb⋅ft) at 4,750 rpm as well as a 7-speed dual clutch transmission with different gear ratios, a revised MagneRide adaptive suspension, as well as

5159-538: The muscular silhouette of the California. The two versions of the California (SWB and LWB) can be distinguished by the design of the air intake on the hood, which supplies air to the carburetors; the SWB version features a half-recessed intake. The 250 GT California Spyder was hand-built by Carrozzeria Scaglietti at its workshop in Modena, a common practice for most Ferrari competition models of that era. Although Pinin Farina

5236-417: The naturally aspirated Ferrari-Maserati type F136 family. Made entirely of aluminium, the new F136IH retained many of the original features but generated a maximum power output of 360 kW (489 PS; 483 hp) at 7,750 rpm; its maximum torque produced is 505 Nm (372 ft-lbs) at 5,000 rpm. 75% of which is available at 2,250 rpm. The California 30 can be differentiated from the base California by

5313-448: The speed of airflow (or more generally with Reynolds number R e {\displaystyle \mathrm {Re} } ). A smooth sphere, for example, has a c d {\displaystyle c_{\mathrm {d} }} that varies from high values for laminar flow to 0.47 for turbulent flow . Although the drag coefficient decreases with increasing R e {\displaystyle \mathrm {Re} } ,

5390-417: The tachometer and the rev counter, providing essential information about engine operation. In the long wheelbase (LWB) version, these dials are positioned behind a three-spoke Nardi steering wheel, crafted from wood and aluminum. In contrast, the short wheelbase (SWB) version displays the dials in a linear arrangement on the dashboard. The Ferrari 250 GT California Spyder shares its chassis and drivetrain with

5467-482: The vehicle's driving experience both with the top open and closed. The California's mid-front engine layout and rear gear box configuration create a 47% front to 53% rear weight distribution. The California is equipped with an exclusive Ferrari designed F1-Trac system. The system, originally introduced on the 599 GTB Fiorano , was updated for the model. The variable power distribution to the rear wheels allows greater stability and performance in roadway turns. The result

5544-408: The vehicle. This may not necessarily be the cross-sectional area of the vehicle, depending on where the cross-section is taken. For example, for a sphere A = π r 2 {\displaystyle A=\pi r^{2}} (note this is not the surface area = 4 π r 2 {\displaystyle 4\pi r^{2}} ). For airfoils , the reference area

5621-439: The wetted surface area. Two objects having the same reference area moving at the same speed through a fluid will experience a drag force proportional to their respective drag coefficients. Coefficients for unstreamlined objects can be 1 or more, for streamlined objects much less. As a caution, note that although the above is the conventional definition for the drag coefficient, there are other definitions that one may encounter in

5698-487: Was 180 kilograms (397 lb) heavier and 22 kW (30 PS; 30 hp) less powerful than the mid-engined F430 , the California reached 97 km/h (60 mph) in the same time as the F430 due to the dual-clutch transmission. Ferrari spent over 1,000 hours in the wind tunnel with a one-third-scale model of the vehicle perfecting its aerodynamics. With the top up, the California has greatly reduced wind resistance with

5775-697: Was about 17,300 vehicles. Throughout the modern California's history (2008 to 2017), only 3 cars were built with manual transmission, including one order from the UK. On 15 February 2012, Ferrari announced the California 30, an updated model that was lighter and more powerful. While the Pininfarina design remained, the changes included reducing body weight by 30 kg (66 lb); increased power output by 22 kW (30 PS; 30 hp) and 15 N⋅m (11 lbf⋅ft) of torque; reduced acceleration time of 3.8 seconds for 0–100 km/h (62 mph); introduction of

5852-537: Was known for its body designs, it was unable to produce the California Spyder due to other commitments. In contrast to the Pinin Farina Cabriolet, Scaglietti chose Marchal headlights, which were enclosed in plexiglass, with fog lights integrated into the grille. Buyers of the California Spyder had the option to select projecting headlights; however, Italian regulations required the use of non-fairing headlights. Additionally, Scaglietti did not include

5929-461: Was taken up a step with the announcement of the Tailor Made programme. In the program, interested clients work with Ferrari's personal designers in Maranello to assist in decision making throughout the entire process The California 30 was one of the initial models to benefit from this service. In May 2012, Ferrari recalled certain vehicles because the engine could freeze suddenly and possibly cause

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