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54-526: It was created to be a direct competitor of Volkswagen Up! , with similar dimensions and characteristics, including the rear glass cover in the Up! since 2011. In November 2014, rumours began about an alleged city car, which was codenamed "Project 341" or "X1H", which would be launched by Fiat in the beginning of 2016. On 13 April 2016, Fiat presented the Mobi's first official prototype, after various images released on

108-581: A Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) petrol engine . The four-seater space up! blue concept, the third variant of the Volkswagen Up concept series, debuted at the 2007 Los Angeles Auto Show . The Space Up Blue was visually the same as the Space Up and shared its length and width, but it included a different roof with a 150  watt solar cell which recharges the batteries. This means its height increases to 1.57 metres (5 ft 2 in) and

162-501: A Volkswagen beetle as the donor car for this reason. The relative simplicity and light weight compared to 4WD can therefore sometimes outweigh the disadvantage of only having two driven wheels. Where RR differs from MR is in that the engine is located outside the wheelbase. The major advantage of MR - low moment of inertia - is negated somewhat (though still lower than FR ), and there is more room for passengers and cargo (though usually less than FR). Furthermore, because both axles are on

216-539: A different rear door design with sectioned glass and wind-down windows. The South American model retains the European version's safety levels with a five-star crash rating and ample use of high-strength steel elements. In July 2015, Volkswagen introduced a new powertrain for the Up sold in Brazil, using a 1.0-litre, direct fuel injection three-cylinder turbocharged engine. In mid-December 2016, Volkswagen presented

270-532: A four-door Cross model. Where the Up concept used a rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout , the 2011 production model has a front-engine, front-wheel drive layout , using the NSF platform, with a 3-cylinder 1.0-litre petrol engine. It was originally reported that the Up concept would be produced under the name Lupo, like the Volkswagen Lupo that was discontinued in 2005. Eventually this plan changed and

324-585: A rear-engined vehicle, although they have introduced multiple all-wheel-drive models. Most notably, the 911 Turbo has been sold as AWD-only since the release of the 993 model. Race-oriented models such as the GT3 and twin-turbocharged GT2 remain solely RR, however. Another manufacturer to implement the RR configuration was the DeLorean Motor Company with its DeLorean sports car. To compensate for

378-431: A single motor due to the low weight and cooling requirements of the electric motor . The Tesla Cybertruck and GMC Hummer EV will also use this layout for their base variants. Most modern heavy duty buses use an extreme RR layout. In transit buses this can be used to make a very low floor level in the first two-thirds of the bus, thus making disabled access much easier. Most tour buses and coaches also employ

432-470: A wheelbase of 2.19 metres (7 ft 2 in). Rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout In automotive design , an RR , or rear-engine , rear-wheel-drive layout places both the engine and drive wheels at the rear of the vehicle. In contrast to the RMR layout , the center of mass of the engine is between the rear axle and the rear bumper. Although very common in transit buses and coaches due to

486-515: Is 65 mm (2.6 in) longer), thanks to revisions to the floorpan's rear section to accommodate a larger fuel tank (50 L instead of Europe's 35 L), a full-sized spare wheel and increased cargo space. All versions have revised tailgates with a painted metal section (like the Seat Mii's and Škoda Citigo's) instead of the dark glass trim used in Europe. The five-door Brazilian Up also uses

540-773: Is a city car produced by the Volkswagen Group from 2011 to 2023. It was unveiled at the 2011 International Motor Show Germany (IAA). Production of the Up started with the model year of 2012, in December 2011 at the Volkswagen Plant in Bratislava, Slovakia. It is part of the New Small Family (NSF) series of models, alongside the SEAT Mii and Škoda Citigo which are rebadged versions of

594-599: Is a rebadged version of the Up, with slightly different front and rear fascias. The Citigo was launched in the Czech Republic in October 2011. It began sales in other European countries from summer 2012. It was manufactured at the Volkswagen Plant in Bratislava, Slovakia. Plans for sales in Russia and most other CIS countries were cancelled due to its dimensions being deemed too small for the market. The Škoda Citigo

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648-663: Is a front-wheel drive with transverse engine mated to a five-speed manual gearbox and is 3.54 metres (139 in) long has a wheelbase of 2.42 m (95 in). The cabin is configured to four seats. The Up range included the Up GTI, which was previewed by the GT Up concept. Released in January 2018, the Up GTI feature a turbocharged version of the 1.0-litre three-cylinder engine producing 115 PS (113 bhp; 85 kW). An electric hybrid Up — which would be badged Blue-e-motion —

702-463: Is sourced from 18  kilowatt-hours (kWh) lithium-ion batteries, which will give a range up to 130 km (81 miles). Quick charging will charge the battery up to 80% in an hour, while a regular 230 volt plug will take five hours. The roof of the E-up has a 1.4 square metre solar cell which supplies power to the vehicle's electrics, and when parked can power ventilation fans to help cool

756-625: The 130H (1934). The radical 1930s Tatra format (air-cooled, rear engine and streamlined, teardrop design) was an influence on Ferdinand Porsche's 'People's Car' ( Volkswagen ) for Adolf Hitler. As well as being the most produced car ever, it set a trend for RR small cars that lasted well into the 1960s. The final form of the RR Volkswagen was the Type 3 of 1961, which flattened the engine (or 'pancake'), allowing for luggage spaces front and rear. Porsche has continued to develop its 911 model as

810-524: The NEDC cycle , can accelerate from 0-62 mph (100 km/h) in 12.4 seconds and has a top speed of 130 km/h (81 mph). The E-up can be charged with 2.3 kW plugged into any standard 230 V socket, with 3.6 kW via a home-installed wall box or with up to 40 kW plugged into a DC fast-charging station via the optional Combined Charging System (CCS), which allows the battery to charge up to 80% in under 30 minutes. The production version has

864-533: The Volkswagen Beetle , and one of the few production air-cooled turbocharged cars, the Porsche 930 ). For liquid-cooled vehicles, however, this layout presents a disadvantage, since it requires either increased coolant piping from a front-mounted radiator (meaning more weight and complexity), or relocating the radiator(s) to the sides or rear, and adding air ducting to compensate for the lower airflow at

918-704: The Volkswagen Fox ). The 'butterfly' doors open in a similar manner to those on the Mazda RX-8 ; the front doors conventionally hinged at the front, whilst the rears are hinged at the rear from the C-pillar, eliminating the B-pillar. Its wheelbase is also larger at 2.56 metres (8 ft 5 in) but retains the same width as the Up at 1.63 metres (5 ft 4 in). Also for the first time Volkswagen showed images of its internal combustion engine ,

972-403: The differential can be integrated with the transmission, commonly referred to as a transaxle . The front-engine front-wheel-drive layout also has this advantage. Since the engine is typically the heaviest component of the car, putting it near the rear axle usually results in more weight over the rear axle than the front, commonly referred to as a rear weight bias. The farther back the engine,

1026-650: The 2011 production model was named the Up. At the International Motor Show Germany in 2011, Volkswagen unveiled the final version of the Up based on the Volkswagen New Small Family (NSF) modular architecture . The three-door bodywork is inspired by the 2007 concept Up, the engine range is 1.0-litre three-cylinder gasoline 60 hp (45 kW) and 75 hp (56 kW). Both the three and five doors are available with engines running on CNG and called eco-Up. The Up

1080-453: The 63rd International Motor Show Germany in 2009. The 3.19 metres (10 ft 6 in) long all-electric E-up uses a 3+1 seat configuration. It uses a 60 kW (82 PS; 80 bhp) (continuously rated at 40 kW (54 PS; 54 bhp)) all-integrated drive electric motor, mounted at the front and drives the front wheels. This electric motor generates a torque turning force of 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) from rest. Power

1134-461: The Citigo. A fully electric version, the SEAT Mii electric , with a 36.8kWh lithium-ion battery and a range of 205 km (127 mi), was mass produced from 2019 to 2020. In 2020, SEAT decided to discontinue the electric models, following the 2021 discontinuation of the entire Mii lineup. From 2007 through to 2010 Volkswagen showed a number of concept versions of the Up prior to the launch of

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1188-709: The Internet and the information that had already appeared on some automotive magazines, confirming the rumours about this new vehicle. It replaces the Fiat Mille , and replace the basic version of Fiat Uno called the Vivace and would come to compete with the other market leaders in the A-segment of the market with other models like Volkswagen up! and the Renault Kwid . The "X1H," which would also be derived from

1242-1014: The Latin-American Volkswagen Up was evaluated under the Latin NCAP assessment and achieved a 5-star security rating for adults and 4-star security rating for children : In 2011, the SEAT Mii was evaluated for its safety performance under the Euro NCAP assessment scheme and it achieved a 5-star overall rating : The CITIGO in its standard European market configuration received 3 stars from Euro NCAP in 2019. The up! in its standard European market configuration received 3 stars from Euro NCAP in 2019. The Mii in its standard European market configuration received 3 stars from Euro NCAP in 2019. In February 2019 Green NCAP assessed Volkswagen Up GTI with 1.0-litre TSI engine and 6-speed manual gearbox: The Škoda Citigo

1296-638: The Netherlands, and the UK at the end of January 2014. The E-up! is not sold in the U.S. or Canada. As of January 2020, Volkswagen have sold 21,000 E-up! Worldwide. (62 mph) All fluids, 50% fuel Both engines are also available with BlueMotion technologies (SEAT: Ecomotive, Škoda: Green Tech), which incorporates a start-stop system and regenerative brakes to reduce carbon emissions. Depending on markets, some 60PS and 75PS models are available with optional five-speed automatic transmission. In 2014,

1350-427: The RR layout has some advantages compared to other 2WD layouts. The weight is biased towards the driven wheels- as with FF vehicles. This both improves drive-wheel traction and reduces the tendency for the undriven wheels to dig in. In addition, the driving and steering requirements are split between front and rear- as with FR vehicles- making it less likely for either to lose traction. Many dune buggies successfully use

1404-752: The Uno, would share its platform, engine, and transmission. It is the second smallest Fiat for the South American market, with dimensions even lower than the Fiat Uno and Fiat Palio , only being larger than the Fiat 500 . The only engine available initially is the four-cylinder FIRE Evo Flex 1.0 75 HP ethanol blend, which yields 75 or 73 hp (55 or 54 kW) t 6250 rpm when fueled with ethanol and gasoline respectively, and 97 and 93 N⋅m (72 and 69 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3850 rpm. The FIRE engine

1458-562: The Up GTI. It is powered by a 1.0-litre three-cylinder TSI petrol engine, which produces 115 PS (113 bhp; 85 kW). Its top speed is 192 km/h (119 mph) and it is capable of accelerating 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 8.8 seconds with a top speed of 196 km/h (122 mph). Weighing just 997 kg (2,198 lb), Volkswagen claims that it is capable of delivering between 49.6 mpg ‑imp (5.7 L/100 km; 17.6 km/L) to 50.4 mpg ‑imp (5.6 L/100 km; 17.8 km/L) depending on

1512-803: The Up was one of Volkswagen's successful introduction in Japan. The Up was also launched in South Africa in March 2015. Two models were offered at launch, both are the 1.0-litre 55 kW three-door variant. The two local options were marketed as Take Up , and the Move Up . In February 2014, Volkswagen introduced a modified version of the Up for Latin America. Built in Brazil, the Latin American Up differs from its European counterpart in length (it

1566-493: The Up, with slightly different front and rear fascias. The SEAT and Škoda versions were manufactured in the same factory, before being withdrawn from sale in 2021 and 2020 respectively. Production of the Up ended in October 2023. A battery electric version, called E-up , was launched in autumn 2013. The production Up follows a series of concept cars , starting in 2007 at the Frankfurt Motor Show . The exterior

1620-564: The cross up! model, which has 15 mm more ground clearance than the standard model, and comes with plastic side skirts and wheel-arch flares as standard. In 2014, at the Geneva Motor Show , Seat presented the 2014 Seat Mii by Mango model aimed towards women, made in collaboration with the Spanish fashion company Mango. The SEAT Mii limited production started in October 2011 for the European market, with sales having started at

1674-506: The curb weight is a 1,090 kg (2,403 lb). Twelve lithium-ion batteries give the Space Up Blue 45 kW (61 PS; 60 bhp) of power and a 65 miles (105 km) range. Combined with Volkswagen's world's first hydrogen high temperature fuel cells (HT-FC), range is extended by 155 miles (250 km) giving total range of 220 miles (350 km). The two-door Volkswagen e-up! zero-emissions concept debuted at

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1728-408: The elimination of the drive shaft with low-floor buses , this layout has become increasingly rare in passenger cars . Most of the traits of the RR configuration are shared with the mid-engine rear-wheel-drive, or MR . Placing the engine near the driven rear wheels allows for a physically smaller, lighter, less complex, and more efficient drivetrain, since there is no need for a driveshaft , and

1782-783: The end of 2011. The final version was launched in May 2012. The Up was sold in Australia until 2015, when it was withdrawn due to slow sales. Plans for the Škoda Citigo to be sold in Australia were also shelved. At the Geneva Motor Show in 2016, the model sold in Europe received a facelift and the new TSI engine, that went on sale in the summer the same year. The Up was not sold in North America, CIS countries, Middle East, India, China, South Korea, and Southeast Asia. Japanese sales began in October 2012. Due to its small size,

1836-417: The greater the bias. Typical weight bias for an FF (front engine, front-wheel-drive) is 65/35 front/rear; for FR, 55/45; for MR, 45/55; for RR, 35/65. A static rear weight requires less forward brake bias , as load is more evenly distributed among all four wheels under braking. Similarly, a rear weight bias means that the driven wheels have increased traction when accelerating, allowing them to put more power on

1890-403: The ground and accelerate faster. The disadvantage to a rear weight bias is that the car can become unstable and tend to oversteer , especially when decelerating (whether braking or lifting off the throttle; see lift-off oversteer ). When this happens, rotational inertia dictates that the added weight away from the axis of rotation (generally the steering wheels) will be more likely to maintain

1944-422: The help of electronic aids. One of first RR cars was Tatra 77 of 1934, the first serial-produced aerodynamic car, designed by Hans Ledwinka . Tatra used this layout until end of production of T700 in 1999. In case of T613 and T700 Tatra used layout with engine above rear axle, which reduced some disadvantages of RR layout. Mercedes-Benz also produced several models of RR cars in this period, starting with

1998-526: The interior when parked in bright sunlight on a hot day. The solar cells can be increased in size to a total area of 1.7 square metre by folding down the sun visors. With a curb weight of 1,085 kg (2,392 lb), it can accelerate from rest to 100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 11.3 seconds; and should reach a top speed of 135 km/h (83.9 mph). The E-up concept is 3.19 metres (10 ft 6 in) long, 1.64 metres (5 ft 5 in) wide, 1.47 metres (4 ft 10 in) high, and has

2052-497: The other controlling the in-car multimedia system. The car measures 3.45 metres (11 ft 4 in) in length and has a width of 1.63 metres (5 ft 4 in). The four-door four-seater mini MPV styled space up! concept car debuted at the 2007 Tokyo Auto Show in Japan. The Space Up concept had all the features of the first concept, but with four-doors and 23 centimetres (9.1 in) longer at 3.68 metres (12 ft 1 in) (15 centimetres (5.9 in) shorter than

2106-587: The powertrain, chassis or brakes. As of January 2023, new orders for the Up GTI were closed to allow time to complete orders before the GTI model ceased production. In July 2010 VW announced the production version of the E-up electric car , with sales scheduled to begin in 2013, and was subsequently unveiled at the September 2013 International Motor Show Germany . The production version has an 18.7 kWh lithium-ion battery able to deliver 160 km (99 miles) on

2160-460: The production-ready version in 2011. The two-door Up concept debuted at the 2007 IAA International Motor Show Germany in Germany, with a rear-wheel drive , rear-mounted , boxer engine and 18 inch wheels. The interior is designed to accommodate four adults, and features flat-folding, air inflatable seats. It also has two monitors on the dashboard, one showing vehicle statistics and

2214-401: The rear of the car. Due to the handling difficulty, the need for more space efficiency, and the near ubiquitous use of liquid-cooled engines in modern cars, most manufacturers have abandoned the RR layout. The major exception is Porsche , who has developed the 911 for over 40 years and has taken advantage of the benefits of RR while mitigating its drawbacks to acceptable levels, lately with

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2268-484: The sale of Citigo electric cars. The SEAT Mii, like the Citigo, is a rebadged version of the Up, with noticeable differences to the front and rear fascias. The Mii was launched in the Spanish home market simultaneously with the Up and Citigo in October 2011. It began sales in other European countries from the second quarter of 2012. It was manufactured at the Volkswagen Plant in Bratislava, Slovakia. Primarily sold in Europe, it received no noticeable facelifts, unlike

2322-406: The same dimensions as the five-door petrol model with seating for four. A second iteration of the e-up was announced on 5 September 2019. It is equipped with a larger 32.3 kWh battery, a range of 260 km (160 mi) and efficiency of 12.7 kWh/100 km (4.89 mi/kWh). 32.3 kWh is the usable (net) capacity, while the total (gross) capacity is 36.8 kWh. The Škoda version

2376-475: The same side of the engine, it is technically more straightforward to drive all four wheels, than in a mid-engined configuration (though there have been more high-performance cars with the M4 layout than with R4 ). Finally, a rear-mounted engine has empty air (often at a lower pressure) behind it when moving, allowing more efficient cooling for air-cooled vehicles (more of which have been RR than liquid-cooled, such as

2430-486: The specifications, with CO 2 emissions between 127 and 129 g/km. It is the only Up to be available with a six-speed manual gearbox. The Up GTI went on sale in January 2018. In April 2019, ordering for the Up GTI was halted in the United Kingdom, but in January 2020 VW UK started taking orders again for a lightly refreshed version. The refresh included small optional equipment changes, but no alterations to

2484-564: The spin, especially under braking. This is an inherent instability in the design, making it easier to induce and more difficult to recover from a slide than in a less rear-weight-biased vehicle. Under hard acceleration, the decreased weight over the front wheels means less traction, sometimes producing a tendency for rear-engined cars to understeer out of a corner. In these respects, an RR can be considered to be an exaggeration of MR - harder braking, faster and earlier acceleration, and increased oversteer. In off-road and low-traction situations,

2538-463: The uneven (35/65) weight distribution caused by the rear-mounted engine, DeLorean used rear wheels with a diameter slightly greater than the front wheels. Before that was the rear-engined Škoda's from Škoda 1000MB (produced from 1964) to Škoda 130/135/136 (produced until 1990) or the Polski Fiat 126p (produced until October 2000). A range of sports road cars and racing cars with the RR layout

2592-678: The Škoda model it is called City Safe Drive. The Up won the 2012 World Car of the Year . The Up! is available to order in the United Kingdom since October 2011 for five models – marketed as Take Up, Move Up, High Up, Up Black and Up White. British television show Top Gear presenters mocked the unusual name by calling the model "Up-exclamation-mark". The Up was introduced on the German market on 3 December 2011. Deliveries to other European markets began in April 2012. In 2013, Volkswagen introduced

2646-480: Was also sold in Israel and New Zealand for a short time. The Citigo was slightly updated with a facelift model in 2017. A fully electric version, the Škoda Citigo-e iV , with a 36.8kWh battery capacity and a range of 270 km (165 miles) under WLTP standard, was mass-produced from autumn 2019 and replaced the combustion engine version. It was the first all-electric car of Škoda Auto. In autumn 2020, Škoda terminated

2700-616: Was originally designed by the Brazilian designer Marco Pavone. This design was chosen and enhanced by Volkswagen Group Chief Designer Walter de'Silva , and Head Designer of the Volkswagen Passenger Cars marque, Klaus Zyciora . Shown at the Frankfurt launch were several further Up concepts, including a 98 hp (73 kW) GT version, a natural gas -powered Eco-up! (with CO 2 emissions of 79 g/km) and

2754-546: Was planned for 2014 but never released. Along with the other two rebadged models, Up is the first car in its class to offer an automated braking system, called City Emergency Braking . The system is automatically activated at speeds below 30 km/h (19 mph), when a laser sensor identifies a danger of collision and activates the brakes. In the SEAT model, the system is marketed as the City Safety Assist and in

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2808-687: Was produced by the French company Alpine . These had bodies made of composite materials and used mechanical components made by Renault. (Alpine was eventually acquired by Renault; the A610 was a Renault product that used the Alpine name.) Early cars using the RR layout included the Tucker , Volkswagen Beetle , Porsche 356 , Chevrolet Corvair , NSU Prinz , ZAZ Zaporozhets and Hino Contessa . Many modern electric cars use an RR layout for base variants with

2862-544: Was released as the Škoda Citigo-e iV, with a 36.8 kWh battery capacity and a range of 270 km (165 miles) under WLTP standard, and was mass-produced from autumn 2019. It is the first all-electric car of Škoda Auto and replaced the combustion engine version. Similarly, the petrol-powered Seat Mii was replaced with an electric version, the Mii Electric. Retail deliveries began in Germany in October 2013, followed shortly after by Denmark, Sweden, France, Norway, and

2916-1147: Was updated in 2022 to comply with the PROCONVE Level 7 emission protocol. The Mobi initially shipped with a five-speed manual transmission, which was replaced with an automated manual gearbox along with the release of a new 1.0L three cylinder Firefly engine . The exterior of Mobi is somewhat similar to that of the Fiat Panda , but has a front grille inspired by Fiat Fullback , Fiat Toro , and Fiat Tipo . It's offered in three different versions called Mobi Easy, Mobi Easy Pack Top, and Mobi Way, each with different internal and technological features. Prices start at $ 231.700 Argentinian pesos (around $ 13,000). The Mobi has front disc brakes . The Mobi in its most basic Latin American version with 2 airbags and no ESC received 1 star for adult occupants and 2 stars for infants from Latin NCAP in 2017. Volkswagen Up! The Volkswagen Up (stylized as Volkswagen up! )

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