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26-497: First Trump, a 15.3 hands high chestnut horse with a narrow white stripe and three white socks , was sired by Primo Dominie out of the mare Valika. Primo Dominie was a high-class two-year-old and sprinter who won four Group races in 1984 and 1985 before going on to sire over six hundred winners during his stud career. Apart from First Trump, his best offspring was the Premio Roma winner Imperial Dancer . Valika failed to win

52-440: A base 4 radix numbering system, where a hand is four inches. The hand, sometimes also called a handbreadth or handsbreadth, is an anthropic unit , originally based on the breadth of a male human hand, either with or without the thumb, or on the height of a clenched fist. On surviving Ancient Egyptian cubit-rods , the royal cubit is divided into seven palms of four digits or fingers each. Five digits are equal to

78-536: A hand, with thumb; and six to a closed fist. The royal cubit measured approximately 525 mm, so the width of the ancient Egyptian hand was about 94 mm. In Biblical exegesis the hand measurement, as for example in the Vision of the Temple, Authorized Version Ezekiel 40:43 , is usually taken to be palm or handbreadth, and in modern translations may be rendered as "handbreadth" or "three inches". The hand

104-592: A minor stakes race by a length and a half. In July at Newmarket he was moved up to Group class for the first time in the July Stakes. He was made third favourite behind the Norfolk Stakes winner Turtle Island and Wahiba Riva who had finished third in the Coventry Stakes . First Trump seemed to be struggling in the early stages but ran on strongly in the final furlong to take the lead close to

130-455: A palace and an associated garden located in Paris. The race was established in 1968, and with four exceptions — the 1996 and 2016 runnings at Deauville , the 2017 running at Maisons-Laffitte and the 2020 running at Clairefontaine — it has always taken place at Longchamp. Its distance has remained at 1,400 metres since its creation. For several years before its launch there was an event titled

156-637: A race, but was a half-sister of the European Champion Sprinter Mr Brooks . Unusually for a top-class modern racehorse, his pedigree includes neither Northern Dancer nor Mr. Prospector . First Trump was sent as a yearling to the Tattersalls sales in September 1992, where he was bought for 66,000 gns by John Ferguson Bloodstock. During his racing career he was owned by Mollers Racing an organisation financed by

182-461: A trust fund set up by Eric Moller who died in 1988. First Trump was trained throughout his career by Geoff Wragg at Newmarket, Suffolk and ridden in all his races by Michael Hills . First Trump began his career in a maiden race at Yarmouth in June. He was made 5/4 favourite and took the lead inside the final furlong to win by a length . He followed up at Newbury three weeks later, winning

208-512: Is a traditional unit in the UK. It was standardised at four inches by a statute of King Henry VIII , the Horses Act 1540 ( 32 Hen. 8 . c. 13), but some confusion between the various types of hand measurement, and particularly between the hand and the handsbreadth, appears to have persisted. Phillips's dictionary of 1706 gives four inches for the length of the handful or hand, and three inches for

234-437: Is fifteen and a half hands, or 15.2 hh (normally said as "fifteen-two", or occasionally in full as "fifteen hands two inches"). "Hands" may be abbreviated to "h", or "hh". The "hh" form is sometimes interpreted as standing for "hands high". When spoken aloud, hands are stated by numbers, 15.0 is "fifteen hands", 15.2 is alternately "fifteen-two" or "fifteen hands, two inches", and so on. To convert inches to hands,

260-613: The Cheltenham Festival winner Reveillez. Hand (unit) The hand is a non- SI unit of measurement of length standardized to 4 in (101.6 mm). It is used to measure the height of horses in many English-speaking countries, including Australia , Canada , Ireland , the United Kingdom , and the United States . It was originally based on the breadth of a human hand. The adoption of

286-821: The Sussex Stakes at Goodwood. Between these two races he was sold as a prospective stallion to the National Stud . A return to sprint distances brought about an improvement in form, but no wins, as he finished second Lake Coniston in both the Prix de Meautry at Deauville and the Diadem Stakes at Ascot. On his final start he finished fourth to Zieten in the Challenge Stakes . At the Cartier Racing Awards for 1993, First Trump

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312-410: The international inch in 1959 allowed for a standardized imperial form and a metric conversion. It may be abbreviated to "h" or "hh". Although measurements between whole hands are usually expressed in what appears to be decimal format, the subdivision of the hand is not decimal but is in base 4 , so subdivisions after the radix point are in quarters of a hand, which are inches. Thus, 62 inches

338-548: The Coventry Stakes winner Stonehatch . The race reflected the betting, as the two colts pulled well clear of the other runners inside the final furlong, with First Trump being driven out by Hills to prevail by half a length. After the race he was offered at 16/1 for the following year's 2000 Guineas . First Trump started joint favourite for the Mill Reef Stakes at Newbury in September, but could never reach

364-589: The UK. In other parts of the world, including continental Europe and in FEI -regulated international competition, horses are measured in metric units, usually metres or centimetres. In South Africa , measurements may be given in both hands and centimetres, while in Australia, the equestrian regulations stipulate that both measurements are to be given. In those countries where hands are the usual unit for measuring horse height, inches rather than hands are commonly used in

390-699: The Walton Fields Stud near Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire for a fee of £1,500. First Trump Died in 2015. He has sired the winners of over three hundred winners, but none of them at Group One level. His most important winners have been Mrs P ( Flying Childers Stakes ), Torosay Spring ( Summer Stakes ) and Media Mogul ( Will Rogers Stakes ). His Listed winning daughter Two Clubs produced the Champion Sprinter Red Clubs . He has also had some success with jumpers including

416-650: The base of the last true hairs of the mane rather than at the withers. For international competition regulated by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) and for USEF competition in the US, a horse can be measured with shoes on or off. In the United Kingdom, official measurement of horses is overseen by the Joint Measurement Board (JMB). For JMB purposes, the shoes must be removed and

442-493: The breadth of the four fingers of the hand, or three inches", but the Encyclopædia Perthensis of 1816 gives under Palm (4): "A hand, or measure of lengths comprising three inches". Today the hand is used to measure the height of horses , ponies , and other equines . It is used in the US and also in some other nations that use the metric system, such as Australia , New Zealand , Canada , Ireland and

468-407: The early stages, in accordance with his trainer's instructions, before being moved to the outside to make his challenge in the final furlong. He "accelerated instantly" to take the lead in the closing strides and win by a head from his stable companion, the future July Cup winner Owington . Although First Trump's breeding suggested that he was most unlikely to be effective over longer distances, he

494-493: The finish and win by half a length. He was given a hard ride by Hills whose use of the whip on an inexperienced horse attracted some attention. The Independent 's correspondent offered the opinion that First Trump had the makings of "a fine performer when his education is complete." The betting for the Richmond Stakes at Glorious Goodwood three weeks suggested that the race was effectively a match between First Trump and

520-460: The handsbreadth; Mortimer gives the same, three inches for the Hand's-breadth, and four for the "Handful, or simply, Hand", but adds "The hand among horse-dealers, &c. is four-fingers' breadth, being the fist clenched, whereby the height of a horse is measured", thus equating "hand" with both the palm and the fist. Similarly, Wright's 1831 translation of Buffon mentions "A hand breadth (palmus),

546-531: The hooves correctly prepared for shoeing prior to measurement. Prix du Palais Royal The Prix du Palais-Royal is a Group 3 flat horse race in France open to thoroughbreds aged three years or older. It is run at Longchamp over a distance of 1,400 metres (about 7 furlongs), and it is scheduled to take place each year in late May or early June. The event is named after the Palais-Royal ,

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572-652: The leaders and lost his unbeaten record, finishing third to Polish Laughter . On his final start of the season, First Trump returned to his home track of Newmarket for the Group One Middle Park Stakes. He was fourth choice in the betting at 6/1 behind Turtle Island, who, since his defeat in the July Stakes, had won the Group One Phoenix Stakes and the Group Two Gimcrack Stakes . First Trump was held up in

598-430: The measurement of smaller equines including miniature horses /ponies, miniature mules , donkeys , and Shetland ponies . A horse is measured from the ground to the top of the highest non-variable point of the skeleton, the withers . For official measurement, the spinous process of the fifth thoracic vertebra may be identified by palpation, and marked if necessary. Some varieties of Miniature horses are measured at

624-500: The number in inches is divided by four, then the remainder is added after the radix point . Thus, a horse that measures 60 inches is 15 hands high (15 × 4 = 60) and a horse halfway between 15 and 16 hands is 15.2 hands, or 62 inches tall (15 × 4 + 2 = 62) Because the subdivision of a hand is a base 4 system, a horse 64 inches high is 16.0 hands high, not 15.4. A designation of "15.5 hands" is not halfway between 15 and 16 hands, but rather reads 15 hands and five inches, an impossibility in

650-480: Was aimed at the 2000 Guineas, but was withdrawn from the race after suffering a ligament injury. Instead, he began his season in late May, when he took on older horses in the Prix du Palais Royal at Longchamp and finished a length and a half second to Young Ern . His next two races appeared to confirm the doubts about his stamina as he finished unplaced over one mile in the St. James's Palace Stakes at Royal Ascot and

676-658: Was named European Champion Two-Year-Old Colt . In the official International Classification of two-year-olds, however, he was rated only the seventh best colt to race in Europe in 1993, three pounds below Grand Lodge . First Trump retired to the National Stud at the end of his three-year-old season. Between 2002 and 2006 he stood at the Throckmorton Court stud in Worcestershire . He formerly stands at

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