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50-575: The Lehman Loeb Art Center’s collections chart the history of art from antiquity to the present and comprise over 18,000 works, including paintings, sculptures, drawings, prints, photographs, textiles, and glass and ceramic wares. Teaching students and working as an important tangible complement to the curriculum is the main focus of the collection. Notable holdings include the Warburg Collection of Old Master prints, an important group of Hudson River School paintings given by Matthew Vassar at

100-475: A French taste and bear his motto Omnia explorate; meliora retinete ("explore everything; keep the better") from I Thessalonians 5, 21. His daughter, Mary Evelyn (1665–1685), has been acknowledged as the pseudonymous author of the book Mundus Muliebris of 1690. Mundus Muliebris: or, The Ladies Dressing Room Unlock'd and Her Toilette Spread. In Burlesque. Together with the Fop-Dictionary, Compiled for

150-549: A collection of private and official letters and papers (1642–1712) by, or addressed to, Sir Richard Browne and his son-in-law, now held by the British Library (Add MSS 15857 and 15858). The most influential of his books in his lifetime, long before the Diary was known, was Sylva . Evelyn believed that the country was being rapidly depleted of wood by industries such as glass factories and iron furnaces, while no attempt

200-415: A major surviving portion of Evelyn's library was sold and dispersed. The British Library holds a large archive of Evelyn's personal papers including the manuscript of his Diary. The Victoria and Albert Museum has in its collection a cabinet owned by Evelyn which is thought to have housed his diaries. In 2006, a new biography by Gillian Darley, based on full access to the archive, was published. In 2011

250-548: A previous location of a work), Master of Mary of Burgundy (from a patron), Master of Latin 757 (from the shelf mark of a manuscript he illuminated), Master of the Embroidered Foliage (from his characteristic technique), Master of the Brunswick Diptych , or Master of Schloss Lichtenstein . John Evelyn John Evelyn FRS (31 October 1620 – 27 February 1706)

300-465: A time before regular magazines or newspapers were published, making diaries of greater interest to modern historians than such works might have been at later periods. Evelyn's work covers art, culture and politics, including the execution of Charles I , Oliver Cromwell 's rise and eventual natural death, the last Great Plague of London , and the Great Fire of London in 1666. John Evelyn's Diary

350-691: Is home to the mummified remains of an ancient Egyptian by the name of Shepen-Min, the son of Pahat, who is housed at the Berkshire Museum . In November 2016, the gallery opened the Hoene Hoy Photography gallery on the second floor, named after Anne Hoene Hoy from the class of 1963. The art center is housed in a structure designed by Argentine architect César Pelli . It features a curved glass entry, and rooms separating covering Asian; Greek and Roman; Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque; 19th-century American; 19th-century European; and

400-504: Is not. Edward Lucie-Smith gives an end date of 1800, noting "formerly used of paintings earlier than 1700". The term tends to be avoided by art historians as too vague, especially when discussing paintings, although the terms "Old Master Prints" and "Old Master drawings" are still used. It remains current in the art trade. Auction houses still usually divide their sales between, for example, "Old Master Paintings", "Nineteenth-century paintings", and "Modern paintings". Christie's defined

450-406: Is the criterion for using the term. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the term was often understood as having a starting date of perhaps 1450 or 1470; paintings made before that were "primitives", but this distinction is no longer made. The Oxford English Dictionary defines the term as "A pre-eminent artist of the period before the modern; esp. a pre-eminent western European painter of

500-620: The Directory for Public Worship , Evelyn was able to find and worship at prayer book services, including in London. At one such service–held on Christmas Day , 1657–Evelyn reported that Parliamentarians "held their muskets against us as we came up to receive the Sacred Elements ". Evelyn would also recount regular usage of the prayer book's offices and its calendar with his family inside their home. In 1651 he became convinced that

550-881: The English Civil War . In October 1644 Evelyn visited the Roman ruins in Fréjus , Provence, before travelling on to Italy. He attended anatomy lectures in Padua in 1646 and sent the Evelyn Tables back to London. These are thought to be the oldest surviving anatomical preparations in Europe; Evelyn later gave them to the Royal Society, and they are now in the Hunterian Museum . In 1644, Evelyn visited

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600-766: The English College at Rome, where Catholic priests were trained for service in England. In the Veneto he renewed his acquaintance with the famous art collector Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel , and toured the art collections of Venice with Arundel's grandson and heir , later Duke of Norfolk . He acquired an ancient Egyptian stela and sent a sketch back to Rome, which was published by Father Kircher, SJ , in Kircher's Oedipus Aegyptiacus (1650), albeit without acknowledgement to Evelyn. In Florence , he commissioned

650-650: The John Evelyn Cabinet (1644–46), an elaborate ebony cabinet with pietra dura and gilt-bronze panels, which is now in the Victoria and Albert Museum . It was in his London house at his death, then returned to Wotton, and is very likely the "ebony cabinet" in which his diaries were later found. In 1647 Evelyn married Mary Browne , daughter of Sir Richard Browne , the English ambassador in Paris. During

700-637: The Second Anglo-Dutch War , beginning 28 October 1664, Evelyn served as one of four commissioners on the Sick and Hurt Board (others included Sir William D'Oyly and Sir Thomas Clifford ), staying at his post during the Great Plague in 1665. He found it impossible to secure sufficient money for the proper discharge of his functions, and in 1688 he was still petitioning for payment of his accounts in this business. He briefly acted as one of

750-501: The 13th to 18th centuries." The first quotation given is from 1696, in the diary of John Evelyn : "My L: Pembroke..shewed me divers rare Pictures of very many of the old & best Masters, especially that of M: Angelo..,& a large booke of the best drawings of the old Masters." The term is also used to refer to a painting or sculpture made by an Old Master, a usage datable to 1824. There are comparable terms in Dutch, French, and German;

800-400: The 18th and 19th centuries and feature an inaccurate portrait of Evelyn made by Francesco Bartolozzi . Evelyn had some training as a draftsman and artist, and created several etchings . Most of his published work, produced in the form of drawings to be engraved by others, was to illustrate his own work. Following the Great Fire in 1666, closely described in his diaries , Evelyn presented

850-401: The 20th century. Changing print and photographic exhibitions are housed in a separate room. Old Master In art history , " Old Master " (or " old master ") refers to any painter of skill who worked in Europe before about 1800, or a painting by such an artist. An " old master print " is an original print (for example an engraving , woodcut , or etching ) made by an artist in

900-763: The 27th day of February 1705/6 being the 86th Year of his age in full hope of a glorious resurrection thro faith in Jesus Christ. Living in an age of extraordinary events, and revolutions he learnt (as himself asserted) this truth which pursuant to his intention is here declared. That all is vanity which is not honest and that there's no solid Wisdom but in real piety. Of five Sons and three Daughters borne to him from his most vertuous and excellent Wife MARY sole daughter, and heiress of Sir RICHARD BROWNE of Sayes Court near Deptford in Kent onely one Daughter SUSANNA married to WILLIAM DRAPER Esq of Adscomb in this County survived him –

950-659: The Dutch may have been the first to make use of such a term, in the 18th century, when oude meester mostly meant painters of the Dutch Golden Age of the previous century. Les Maitres d'autrefois of 1876 by Eugene Fromentin may have helped to popularize the concept, although "vieux maitres" is also used in French. The famous collection in Dresden at the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister is one of

1000-745: The Evelyn Chapel in St John's Church, Wotton. Evelyn's epitaph (original spelling) reads: Here lies the Body of JOHN EVELYN Esq of this place, second son of RICHARD EVELYN Esq who having served the Publick in several employments of which that Commissioner of the Privy Seal in the reign of King James the 2nd was most Honourable: and perpetuated his fame by far more lasting Monuments than those of Stone, or Brass: his Learned and useful works, fell asleep

1050-892: The Sayes Court estate) and introduced him to Sir Christopher Wren . There is now an electoral ward called Evelyn in Deptford, London Borough of Lewisham . He remained a royalist, had refused employment from the government of the Commonwealth, and had maintained a cipher correspondence with Charles II ; in 1659 he published an Apology for the Royal Party . It was after the Restoration that Evelyn's career really took off, and he enjoyed unbroken court favour until his death. He never held any important political office, although he filled many useful and minor posts. In 1660, he

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1100-530: The Use of the Fair Sex is a satirical guide in verse to Francophile fashion and terminology, and its authorship is often jointly credited to John Evelyn, who seems to have edited the work for press after his daughter's death. In 1694 Evelyn moved back to Wotton, Surrey , as his elder brother, George, had no living sons available to inherit the estate. Evelyn inherited the estate and the family seat Wotton House on

1150-707: The college’s inception, and a wide range of works by major European and American twentieth century painters. At the time of its founding, the collection's largest holding was a large group of Hudson River School paintings. These were donated by Matthew Vassar himself who purchased them from the Rev. Elias Magoon of Albany, New York . The collection, named for Magoon, includes the work of Frederic Church , Asher Durand , and Joseph Mallord William Turner . The Warburg Collection of Old Master prints features works by Albrecht Dürer and Rembrandt van Rijn . They were given to Vassar's collection in 1941 by Felix Warburg . Perhaps

1200-440: The commissioners of the privy seal . In 1695 he was entrusted with the office of treasurer of Greenwich hospital for retired sailors, and laid the first stone of the new building on 30 June 1696. He was known for his knowledge of trees , and had a friend and correspondent, Philip Dumaresq , who "devoted most of his time to gardening, fruit, and tree culture." Evelyn's treatise, Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees (1664),

1250-723: The death of his brother in 1699. Sayes Court was made available for rent. Its most notable tenant was Russian Tsar Peter the Great , who lived there for three months in 1698 (and did great damage to both house and grounds). The house no longer exists, but a public park of the same name can be found off Evelyn Street. Evelyn died in 1706 at his house in Dover Street , London. Wotton House and estate were inherited by his grandson John (1682–1763) later Sir John Evelyn, Bt. John and Mary Evelyn had eight children: Mary Evelyn died in 1709, three years after her husband. Both are buried in

1300-617: The estate was therefore left to a remote cousin descended from the diarist's grandfather's first marriage, in whose family it remains to this day though they no longer occupy the house. The title died out in 1848. However, there are many living descendants of John Evelyn through his daughter Susanna, Mrs William Draper, and his granddaughter Elizabeth, Mrs Simon Harcourt. There are many descendants of John Evelyn's great-great-grandson, Charles Evelyn Jnr, through his daughter Susanna Prideaux (Evelyn) Wright living in New Zealand. Charles Evelyn Jnr

1350-534: The famous Diary they are of considerable interest. They include: Some of these were reprinted in The Miscellaneous Writings of John Evelyn , edited (1825) by William Upcott . Evelyn's friendship with Margaret Blagge , afterwards Mrs Godolphin, is recorded in the diary, when he says he designed "to consecrate her worthy life to posterity". This he effectually did in a little masterpiece of religious biography which remained in manuscript in

1400-588: The few museums to include the term in its actual name, although many more use it in the title of departments or sections. The collection in the Dresden museum essentially stops at the Baroque period. The end date is necessarily vague – for example, Goya (1746–1828) is certainly an Old Master, though he was still painting and printmaking at his death in 1828. The term might also be used for John Constable (1776–1837) or Eugène Delacroix (1798–1868), but usually

1450-427: The first of several plans ( Christopher Wren produced another) for the rebuilding of London, all of which were rejected by Charles II largely due to the complexities of land ownership in the city. He took an interest in the rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral by Wren (with Gibbons' artistry a notable addition). Evelyn's interest in gardens even led him to design pleasure gardens, such as those at Euston Hall . Evelyn

1500-489: The greatest strength of the art collection housed by the Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center is its 20th-century works by European and American artists. Included in this group are significant works by Pablo Picasso , Balthus , Arthur Dove , Ian Hornak , Alfred Stieglitz and Georgia O'Keeffe , Francis Bacon , Jackson Pollock , Alexander Calder , Nancy Graves , and Marsden Hartley . The museum

1550-582: The next few years he travelled back and forth between France and England, corresponding with Browne in the royalist interest, including a meeting with Charles I in 1647. During the Commonwealth of England period, Evelyn desired to maintain using the Church of England 's Anglican practices. Among these was worship according to the Book of Common Prayer . Though prayer book had been outlawed and replaced by

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1600-621: The possession of the Harcourt family until it was edited by Samuel Wilberforce , bishop of Oxford, as the Life of Mrs Godolphin (1847), reprinted in the "King's Classics" (1904). The picture of Mistress Blagge's saintly life at court is heightened in interest when read in connexion with the scandalous memoirs of the comte de Gramont , or contemporary political satires on the court. Numerous other papers and letters of Evelyn on scientific subjects and matters of public interest are preserved, including

1650-408: The royalist cause was hopeless, and decided to return to England. The following year, the couple settled in Deptford (present-day south-east London). Their house, Sayes Court (adjacent to the naval dockyard ), was purchased by Evelyn from his father-in-law in 1653; Evelyn soon began to transform the gardens. In 1671, he encountered master wood-worker Grinling Gibbons (who was renting a cottage on

1700-399: The same period. The term "old master drawing " is used in the same way. In theory, "Old Master" applies only to artists who were fully trained, were Masters of their local artists' guild , and worked independently, but in practice, paintings produced by pupils or workshops are often included in the scope of the term. Therefore, beyond a certain level of competence, date rather than quality

1750-914: The term as ranging "from the 14th to the early 19th century". The relevant part of the large and important collection of the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in their main building in Brussels was renamed in recent years as the Oldmasters Museum in Dutch and English, and Musée Oldmasters in French. It was previously called the "Royal Museum of Ancient Art" in English (French: Musée royal d'art ancien ; Dutch: Koninklijk Museum voor Oude Kunst ). Artists, most often from early periods, whose hand has been identified by art historians, but to whom no identity can be confidently attached, are often given names by art historians such as Master E.S. (from his monogram), Master of Flémalle (from

1800-581: The title of Memoirs illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, comprising his Diary from 1641 to 1705/6, and a Selection of his Familiar Letters . Other editions followed, including those of H. B. Wheatley (1879) and Austin Dobson (3 vols, 1906). The modern edition is by Guy de la Bédoyère , who has also edited Evelyn's correspondence with Samuel Pepys . Evelyn's active mind produced many other works, and although many of these have been overshadowed by

1850-498: The two others dying in the flower of their age, and all the sons very young except one nam'd John who deceased 24 March 1698/9 in the 45th year of his age, leaving one son JOHN and one daughter ELIZABETH. Wotton House and estate passed down to Evelyn's great-great-grandson Sir Frederick Evelyn, 3rd Bt (1733–1812). The baronetcy next passed to Frederick Evelyn's cousins, Sir John Evelyn, 4th Bt (1757–1833), and Sir Hugh Evelyn, 5th Bt (1769–1848). Both these two were of unsound mind and

1900-485: The years between 1641 and 1697, and is continued in a smaller book – which brings the narrative down to within three weeks of its author's death. Despite entries going back to 1641, Evelyn only actually started writing his diary much later, relying on almanacs and accounts of other people for many of the previous events. A selection from this was edited by William Bray , with the permission of the Evelyn family, in 1818, under

1950-551: Was a lifelong bibliophile , and by his death his library is known to have comprised 3,859 books and 822 pamphlets, his personal manuscripts, and correspondence with noble figures among England and France. It would be called the John Evelyn Archives and placed in the British Library. Included in this would be his diaries broken down into four volumes with over half a million words. Many were uniformly bound in

2000-660: Was a member of the group that founded the Royal Society . The following year, he wrote the Fumifugium (or The Inconveniencie of the Aer and Smoak of London Dissipated ), a pamphlet on the growing air pollution problem in London. He was commissioner for improving the streets and buildings of London, for examining into the affairs of charitable foundations, commissioner of the Royal Mint , and of foreign plantations. During

2050-459: Was a prolific author and produced books on subjects as diverse as theology, numismatics, politics, horticulture , architecture and vegetarianism , and he cultivated links with contemporaries across the spectrum of Stuart political and cultural life. In September 1671 he travelled with the Royal court of Charles II to Norwich where he called upon Sir Thomas Browne . Like Browne and Pepys, Evelyn

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2100-412: Was also the father of Sir John Evelyn, 4th Bt, and the last baronet, Sir Hugh Evelyn, 5th Bt. In 1992 the skulls of John and Mary were stolen by persons unknown who hacked into the stone sarcophagi on the chapel floor and tore open the coffins. They have not been recovered. John Evelyn's Diary remained unpublished as a manuscript until 1818. It is in a quarto volume containing 700 pages, covering

2150-404: Was an English writer, landowner, gardener , courtier and minor government official, who is now best known as a diarist . He was a founding Fellow of the Royal Society . John Evelyn's diary , or memoir , spanned the period of his adult life from 1640, when he was a student, to 1706, the year he died. He did not write daily at all times. The many volumes provide insight into life and events at

2200-441: Was being made to replace the damage by planting. In "Sylva", Evelyn pleaded for afforestation and asserted in his preface to the king that he had induced landowners to plant millions of trees. It was a valuable work on arboriculture containing many engravings of trees and their foliage to assist with identification. He spent much of his later life working on the enormous Elysium Britannicum , covering all aspects of gardening. This

2250-516: Was educated at Lewes Old Grammar School , refusing to be sent to Eton College . After this he was educated at Balliol College, Oxford , and at the Middle Temple . In London, he witnessed important events such as the trials and executions of William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford , and Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford . In 1640 his father died, and in July 1641 he crossed to Holland . He

2300-736: Was enrolled as a volunteer, and then encamped before Genep, on the Waal river , but his military experience was limited to six days of camp life, during which, however, he took his turn at "trailing a pike". He returned in the autumn to find England on the verge of civil war. Having briefly joined the Royalist army and arrived too late for the Royalist victory at the Battle of Brentford in 1642, he spent some time improving his brother's property at Wotton, but then went abroad to avoid further involvement in

2350-515: Was first published posthumously in 1818, but over the years was overshadowed by that of Samuel Pepys . Pepys wrote a different kind of diary, in the same era but covering a much shorter period, 1660–1669, and in much greater depth. Among the many subjects Evelyn wrote about, gardening was an increasing obsession, and he left a huge manuscript on the subject that was not printed until 2001. He published several translations of French gardening books, and his Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees (1664)

2400-673: Was highly influential in its plea to landowners to plant trees, of which he believed the country to be dangerously short. Sections from his main manuscript were added to editions of this, and also published separately. Born into a family whose wealth was largely founded on gunpowder production, John Evelyn was born in Wotton, Surrey , and grew up living with his grandparents in Lewes, Sussex . While living in Lewes, in Southover Grange, he

2450-450: Was never completed, and was finally published in 2001, from his 1,000-page manuscript now in the British Library (Add MS 78432). Parts of it were published as he began to realize the main task would never be completed. These included Kalendarium Hortense, or The Gardener's Almanac – a monthly list of tasks for the gardener, Pomona on apples, and Acetaria on "sallets" (salad plants). In 1977 and 1978 in eight auctions at Christie's ,

2500-423: Was written as an encouragement to landowners to plant trees to provide timber for England's burgeoning navy. Further editions appeared in his lifetime (1670 and 1679), with the fourth edition (1706) appearing just after his death and featuring the engraving of Evelyn shown on this page (below) even though it had been made more than 50 years prior by Robert Nanteuil in 1651 in Paris. Various other editions appeared in

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