Misplaced Pages

#214785

43-692: He was the son of Benjamin Franklin Bache and great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin . Bache was born on October 25, 1792 in Philadelphia to Benjamin Franklin Bache and Margaret Hartman Markoe. He was the great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1810 and began to study medicine under Dr. Benjamin Rush . He left medical school in 1813 and entered

86-455: A Lockean approach of applying behavioral techniques of esteem and disgrace to instill wisdom and virtue. Her works taught children not to cry, mistreat animals, or be idle. In one story, three boys at a boarding school receive cakes from home. Harry greedily eats his cake and becomes sick. Peter hoards his cake until it becomes stale. Billy shares his cake with the other students and eventually with an old blind man. The act of being unselfish made

129-635: A System of Chemistry for the Use of Students of Medicine . Along with Dr. George B. Wood , he prepared a pharmacopoeia in 1830 that was adopted by a national convention of physicians, and became the basis of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia and U. S. Dispensatory . He continued to refine and publish new versions of the pharmacopeia with Dr. Wood, from 1833 until his death. He published a Supplement to Henry's Chemistry (1823); Letters on Separate Confinement of Prisoners (1829-'30); and Introductory Lectures on Chemistry (1841-'52). He partnered with Dr. Robert Hare and edited

172-565: A proxy at the ceremony, as he was on an extended diplomatic mission in England. On December 19, 1774, Deborah Read died. Although he was at her funeral, the boy Benjamin regretted not having been at his grandmother's deathbed. In May 1775, at the age of five, Bache met his grandfather Benjamin Franklin for the first time when he returned from England. His grandfather's arrival brought more tumult to his home, as Franklin had brought with him William Temple Franklin , his 15-year-old grandson, who

215-491: A Harvard student who is ridiculing Ben Affleck 's character at a bar. He accuses the Harvard student of shallowly reiterating ideas he has encountered in his coursework, telling him that soon he would be "regurgitating Gordon Wood, talking about [...] the pre-Revolutionary utopia and the capital-forming effects of military mobilization." Wood said of the scene, "That’s my two seconds of fame! More kids know about that than any of

258-605: A general, Washington enjoyed a close relationship with Bache's grandfather. Bache's attacks on the administrations of Washington and Adams provoked equal hostility from their supporters. Bache suffered financially for his position, as Jeffersonians turned elsewhere. At one point, he could not pay a five-dollar fine, and increasingly was unable to pay his own employees in a timely manner. Many Federalists withdrew business from him. While he acquired several hundred new subscribers in 1798, he encountered problems in collecting payment. The newspaper's viability declined. Increasingly, Bache

301-414: A kind of Toquevillian touch to it, I guess, maybe suggesting American exceptionalism, that he liked". He jokingly described Gingrich's praise in an interview on C-SPAN in 2002 as "the kiss of death for me among a lot of academics, who are not right-wing Republicans." Wood was mentioned in the 1997 film Good Will Hunting . In one scene, Matt Damon 's character mentions Gordon Wood while standing up to

344-474: A newspaper editor. Bache had learned type-founding as an apprentice in Paris to Francois-Ambrose Didot , the first printer to print on vellum paper . He considered Didot to be the “best printer that now exists and maybe that has ever existed.” After living abroad for so long, he felt that Philadelphia seemed foreign. As his grandfather was starting to fade, Bache oversaw the print shop's operations, but under

387-827: A printer until they left Europe to return to Philadelphia in 1785. Bache was a good student at the University of Pennsylvania , having graduated in 1787; later at a school in Geneva , Switzerland , he won the school prize for translating Latin into French . Perhaps affected by being taken from his family at such a young age, as well as his grandfather's lengthy absences due to his diplomatic work, Bache appeared depressed and shy as an adolescent. Bache met Margaret Hartman Markoe in 1788. In November 1791, they married and she moved into 322 Market Street. In 1792, they moved to 112 High Street in Philadelphia. They had their fourth child in September 1798. Benny contracted yellow fever about

430-511: A “more important matter” was at hand. Later that year, Bache also dropped the words “Political, Commercial and Liberty Journal” from the nameplate. Increasingly polemical , the paper promoted political reforms in line with republican ideals. Bache continued to denounce the Federalists and attacked both the current President, John Adams , and George Washington . He provoked outrage by suggesting that Washington had secretly collaborated with

473-691: Is what makes us one people." Wood was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1988 and the American Philosophical Society in 1994. Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich publicly and effusively praised Wood's The Radicalism of the American Revolution (1992). Wood, who met Gingrich once in 1994, surmised that Gingrich may have approved because the book "had

SECTION 10

#1732773008215

516-877: The American Revolution " (1966), "Conspiracy and the Paranoid Style: Causality and Deceit in the Eighteenth Century" (1982), and "Interests and Disinterestedness in the Making of the Constitution " (1987). He is a frequent contributor to The New York Review of Books and The New Republic . A recent project was the third volume of the Oxford History of the United States – Empire of Liberty: A History of

559-510: The British during the American Revolution . After passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798, legislation supported by President Adams, Bache was arrested. The law may have been written to suppress opponents such as Bache. The persistent theme of Republican journalism of the 1790s was that the federal government had fallen into the hands of an aristocratic party aligned with Britain, and that

602-644: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia and as president of the deaf and dumb asylum corporation. In 1818, Bache married Aglaé Dabadie. She died of consumption in May 1835. He was a Master Mason in the Franklin Lodge, No. 134 of the Free and Accepted Masons named after his great-grandfather. Bache died of typhoid fever on 19 March 1864 in Philadelphia and was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery . A memoir of him

645-475: The Federalist policies and practices for ignoring the premises of enlightenment egalitarianism. After three months, on January 1, 1791, Bache dropped the word “Agricultural” from his paper's title and removed the motto – “Truth, Decency, Utility” – from the nameplate. He enlarged the size of the paper's pages. Bache told his readers that he could not offer the variety of material originally intended as long as

688-641: The First Amendment . His widow, Margaret, relied on the paper's editor William Duane (whom she married in 1800) to continue publication of the Aurora . Duane, who with United Irish émigrés had led protests against the Alien and Sedition Acts, inherited the hostility of Cobbett and Feno. They accused him of advancing principles of interracial democracy in a conspiracy with the French to divide and dismember

731-481: The Jay Treaty , for instance, should have been open to the public. In November 1794, Bache said that he was renaming his paper to The Aurora and General Advertiser ; it was to “diffuse light within the sphere of its influence, dispel the shades of ignorance, and gloom of error and thus tend to strengthen the fair fabric of freedom on its surest foundation, publicity and information.” The name, “Aurora” represented

774-472: The Ph.D. program in history at Harvard, where he studied under Bernard Bailyn , receiving his PhD in 1964. Wood has taught at Harvard University , the College of William and Mary , the University of Michigan , Brown University , and in 1982–83 was Pitt Professor at Cambridge University . In addition to his books (listed below), Wood has written numerous influential articles, notably "Rhetoric and Reality in

817-632: The United States Army as a surgeons mate in an infantry division during the War of 1812 . He returned to school after the war and received his medical diploma from the University of Pennsylvania in 1814. He was commissioned a surgeon in the U.S. Army in 1814 and taught at West Point Academy. He resigned from the Army in 1816 and began the practice of medicine in Philadelphia. In 1821, he published

860-572: The yellow fever epidemic of 1798. Sarah "Sally" Franklin , the only daughter of Benjamin Franklin and Deborah Read , met Richard Bache while on a visit away from her parents. They were married on November 2, 1767. On August 12, 1769, she gave birth to their son, Benjamin Franklin Bache. From the moment she set eyes on her grandson, Deborah Read Franklin fell in love with Benjamin, whom she called “her little kingbird.” She took to “Benny,” as she called him, as her very own. She and her husband had lost their only son, Francis Folger Franklin , at

903-601: The Act in print as a violation of the First Amendment. Before being tried, Bache died on September 8, 1798, at the age of 29 from yellow fever during an epidemic ; while Philadelphia's worst yellow fever epidemic was in 1793, the disease regularly visited the city. Bache was buried in the Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia. He is regarded as an early champion of freedom of speech and

SECTION 20

#1732773008215

946-546: The American version of Andrew Ure 's Dictionary of Chemistry. From 1823 to 1832, he was one of the editors of the North American Medical and Surgical Journal and contributed significantly to other scientific journals. He prepared for publication a treatise by chemist James Cutbush titled A System of Pyrotechny , published after Cutbush's death. Bache was the first American to perform original research on

989-652: The Early Republic, 1789–1815 (2009) – a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize . Contributing to the anthology Our American Story (2019), Wood addressed the possibility of a shared American narrative. He focused on the idea of equality as "the most radical and most powerful ideological force" that the American Revolution unleashed. "This powerful sense of equality is still alive and well in America, and despite all of its disturbing and unsettling consequences, it

1032-485: The Federalists (particularly Washington and Alexander Hamilton ) were hostile to the interests of the general public while promoting corporate interests . Bache thought the problem was less the form of governance than the beliefs and behavior of those who governed. He objected to the US Senate's holding its meetings behind closed doors, as he thought that showed contempt for the public. Bache believed discussion about

1075-490: The United States. The Aurora ceased publication in 1824. Gordon S. Wood Gordon Stewart Wood (born November 27, 1933) is an American historian and professor at Brown University . He is a recipient of the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for History for The Radicalism of the American Revolution (1992). His book The Creation of the American Republic, 1776–1787 (1969) won the 1970 Bancroft Prize . In 2010, he

1118-492: The age of four from smallpox . She and Benjamin had earlier taken in his illegitimate son, William Franklin , as an infant at the beginning of their marriage, and raised him in their household. Benjamin Franklin Bache was baptized on August 30, 1769, in Christ Church in Philadelphia. His godmothers were his paternal aunt and Deborah Read Franklin. His godfathers were his uncle and grandfather Benjamin Franklin, who had

1161-427: The ascent and accessibility of information promised to its readers. Bache adopted the motto "Surgo Ut Prosim" (I rise to be useful), to honor his grandfather. For Bache, the motto symbolized the dawning, not the setting of the sun on the new republic. The Aurora was regularly filled with articles attacking what Bache considered to be Washington's monarchical tendencies, his hostile actions toward France, contempt for

1204-523: The boy “more glad than if he had eaten ten cakes.” Following his grandfather's death in 1790, Bache inherited Franklin's printing equipment and many of his books. He founded The Philadelphia Aurora , a newspaper with an editorial position that surpassed Franklin's fierce pro-French and democratic position. Bache promised, "This paper will always be open, for the discussion of political, or any other interesting subjects, to such as deliver their sentiments with temper and decency, and whose motives appears to be,

1247-872: The first American version of the Dictionary of Chemistry . In 1822, he succeeded Gerard Troost as professor of chemistry at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and became the chair of materia medica from 1831 to 1841. He was physician to the Walnut Street Prison from 1826 to 1832, professor of chemistry at the Franklin Institute from 1829 to 1836 and physician to the Eastern State Penitentiary . He served as professor of chemistry at Jefferson Medical College from 1841 until his death. In 1819 he published

1290-551: The older man's watchful eye. His first print job was "An Ode in Imitation of Alcaeus," a poem by the linguistic scholar William Jones, who decried England's corruption and the misuse of monarchical power. Bache's first ventures in commercial publishing were school texts, including Isaiah Thomas’ collection of writings by Aesop and Erasmus . His early ventures also included reprinting a series of four Lessons for Children books by Anna Letitia Barbauld , an Englishwoman. She used

1333-413: The press in the 1790s." His paper's heated attacks are thought to have contributed to passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts by the 5th United States Congress and signed by President John Adams in 1798. The grandson of Benjamin Franklin , Bache was often referred to as "Lightning Rod Junior" after his famous grandfather's experiment. The son of Sarah Franklin and Richard Bache , he died at 29 in

Franklin Bache - Misplaced Pages Continue

1376-501: The public good." He also said, "The strictest impartiality will be observed in the publication of pieces offered with this view." When he started on October 1, 1790, he called the paper the General Advertiser, and Political, Commercial, Agricultural and Literary Journal . In contrast to other papers, his incorporated articles on the sciences, literature, and the useful arts. Like Bache, many republican opponents criticized

1419-436: The public, and his friendly relations with Britain. After anti-Federalists accused Washington of being too ready to accept public adulation, Bache increased his attacks. The publisher appeared to lose impartiality as he increasingly favored Jefferson and became more hostile to Adams. Bache had not been equally critical of Washington's presidency. Washington had been a frequent visitor at the Franklin family's home. While still

1462-601: The publisher refused, Fenno assaulted him. Bache fought back and generally refused to be intimidated by such threats. While the Federalist-dominated Congress passed the Sedition Act of 1798 to suppress criticism such as Bache's, Bache was arrested in June 1798 for common-law seditious libel even before the law was passed. He quickly posted bail and continued to publish his paper, condemning

1505-400: The same time and died. Before he died, Bache hired William Duane to help run the business with Margaret. Her mother died in 1790. After a few years at Le Coeur's, Franklin began having Bache trained for a career as a printer-publisher, as he had been. In the early months at Geneva, the youth was under the care of Philibert Cramer . At the age of 13, he was also learning the classics: he

1548-523: The school, Franklin later transferred him to Le Coeur's along with other students from the British North American colonies, such as Charles Cochran, Jesse Deane, and John Quincy Adams , son of John Adams of Massachusetts. In the spring of 1779, Benjamin Franklin sent Bache to Geneva, as he wanted Bache to gain experience in a Republic. By June 1783, Benjamin Franklin was ready to recall his grandson to Paris, where he would study how to be

1591-553: The son of the ship's architect, physically assaulted him. Bache escaped, but heard remarks from the crowd that he deserved the beating. He had printed an accusation that the ship's carpenters were taking bribes. In May 1798, Bache's residence and office were threatened by a mob. They smashed the glass door leading to his office, but refrained from vandalizing his home. His family was terrified. Soon after, Bache criticized John Fenno in print. His son John Ward Fenno confronted Bache, demanding that he publicly apologize to his father; when

1634-418: The study of acupuncture to relieve pain. While working at the state penitentiary, he treated 12 different prisoners with various ailments including muscular rheumatism , chronic pain, neuralgia and ophthalmia. He was elected a member of the Franklin Institute in 1827. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1820 and served as president from 1854 to 1855. He served as vice-president of

1677-588: Was already interpreting Telemachus , Terence , Sallust , Cicero 's Catiline Orations , Lucian , and the New Testament in Greek. In 1781, Bache wrote in his diary about the extensive school work which demanded much of his time. Upon returning to Philadelphia , Bache began working as a printer at his grandfather's shop at the family's Franklin Court property on Market Street, presaging his future career as

1720-442: Was attacked by other journalists in print. William Cobbett , known by his pen name Peter Porcupine, described him as a "stubborn sans culotte" and proposed that he be treated "as we would a TURK, a JEW, a JACOBIN or a DOG". Even Federalists were taken aback, and his friends became concerned for his safety. In April 1797, while Bache was investigating the construction of the ship USS  United States , Clement Humphreys ,

1763-729: Was awarded the National Humanities Medal by President Barack Obama . Wood was born in Concord, Massachusetts , and grew up in Worcester and Waltham . He graduated summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from Tufts University in 1955 and has served as a trustee there. After serving in the United States Air Force in Japan , during which time he earned an M.A. at Harvard University , he entered

Franklin Bache - Misplaced Pages Continue

1806-814: Was published and presented to the American Philosophical Society by Dr. George B. Wood in 1865. Citations Sources Benjamin Franklin Bache Benjamin Franklin Bache (August 12, 1769 – September 10, 1798) was an American journalist, printer and publisher . He founded the Philadelphia Aurora , a newspaper that supported Jeffersonian philosophy. He frequently attacked the Federalist political leaders, including Presidents George Washington and John Adams , and historian Gordon S. Wood wrote that "no editor did more to politicize

1849-601: Was the illegitimate son of William Franklin. On October 29, 1776, Franklin took his two grandsons along on his diplomatic mission to France to negotiate a firm alliance. Bache was seven when their party boarded the USS Reprisal , and sailed for France. They suffered violent storms, and attacks by hostile British ships. Soon after arriving in France, Benjamin Franklin enrolled Bache in a local boarding school run by Mr. d’Hourville. Without any English speaking students attending

#214785