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62-514: A French cannon founder, Peyrembert, received permission to build a cannon factory here. Having gotten into difficulties, King Frederik V requested that his chancellery advisor, Johan Frederik Classen , take over the operation of the foundry. Under Classen's management the town blossomed, and there came a gunpowder mill, as well as light industry and handicrafts to the town. This resulted in Classen's being appointed major general . On 25 August 1756

124-512: A hedonist who enjoyed the pleasures of life such as deer stalking, wine and women. This hedonism, however, evolved to debauchery , and Frederick became well known for a libertine lifestyle marked by sexual licentiousness and alcoholism . With a group of other rakes , he would tour the city's taverns and brothels , to an extent that his father at one point considered having him declared legally decapacitated. The King's more prudent advisers, however, spoke against it, as it would legally be

186-614: A hedonist . As regent, he took part in the conduct of government by attending council meetings, but he was afflicted by alcoholism and most of his rule was dominated by able ministers who were influenced by the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment . His ministers marked his reign by the progress of commerce and the emerging industry. They also avoided involving Denmark-Norway in the European wars of his time. Although Frederick V wasn't personally interested in cultural affairs, his first wife was, and

248-481: A gift to Queen Dagmar . The ruins of Asserbo Castle are also open to the public for viewing and touring. Asserbo Castle, which lies in the woods of Tisvilde Hegn, was founded by Bishop Absalon in the 12th century and was used as a monastery for monks of the Cistercian Order , originally invited from France . The King took claim of the castle c.  1560 , and then by drifting sands. The castle

310-520: A mere court post. Now it became an outstanding position that gave Moltke opportunity as the king's confidential friend to be around him from morning till night, with the king talking to him about whatever was on his mind, which enabled Moltke to make his influence felt in all areas where he pleased. One of his main tasks was to take care that his dissolute Majesty didn't damage the Royal household's reputation with his constant orgies . Frederick's main interest

372-521: A nineteen year old nobleman from Mecklenburg who was eleven years older than Frederick. Moltke had been a page to his father, and the King and Queen counted on Moltke to teach the Crown Prince to control himself. In 1743 Moltke was promoted to Hofmeister . In fact, Moltke did nothing to control Frederick's sexual appetite nor his alcohol consumption, but in return a lifelong relationship of trust

434-460: A small scale had begun at Charlottenborg and the Prince's Mansion, they now continued at a large scale at Christiansborg. As secluded as his parents had kept themselves from the people, just as strongly Frederick V seemed to want to meet the people, and it has been told how he and the queen enjoyed socializing with the citizens of Copenhagen and visiting the peasants in their farms. Almost as a sign of

496-481: A violation of the King's Law ( Latin : Lex Regia ; Danish : Kongeloven ), the absolutist constitution of Denmark and Norway from 1665. Furthermore, it would also compromise the monarchy to an unprecedented degree to admit that the future king was unfit to rule. Of the outmost importance for the future of the Crown Prince and his realm, was the 1730 appointment as his chamber page of Adam Gottlob Moltke ,

558-544: Is Steffen Jensen, a member of the Social Democrats political party . Lake Arresø , the largest lake in Denmark , has its western part in the municipality. Originally a fjord connected to Kattegat , it was landlocked when the land northwest of the lake rose by 5 meters in the last ice age. In 1717, by royal order a canal was built (finished in 1719) to connect the lake with Roskilde fjord . The construction of

620-464: Is a municipality ( Danish , kommune ) in the Capital Region of Denmark . The municipality covers a total area (land and water) of 122.15 km (2013), according to Municipal Key Figures (De Kommunale Nøgletal (www.noegletal.dk)), and has a total population of 31,515 (1. January 2024). The municipality also includes the island Hesselø . Up to 20 km of the total area is water, as part of

682-456: Is a column topped of an urn, a medallion with the king's portrait, and on each side of the sarcophagus, sitting approx. 9' high above the floor, are two crowned, grieving female figures representing Denmark and Norway. The memorial chapel in which it is placed was created as a collaboration between Wiedewelt and the Danish architect Caspar Frederik Harsdorff . On 1 August 1771, five years after

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744-867: The Royal Danish Academy of Art ( Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi ) in Copenhagen was also founded under his name and officially inaugurated on 31 March 1754, his 31st birthday. Frederick purchased what would become known as the Danish West Indies from the Danish West India Company in 1754. As an active Freemason , he set up on 24 June 1749 the first Masonic lodge in Norway. Queen Louise died suddenly on 19 December 1751 at Christiansborg Palace , predeceasing her husband by fourteen years and causing great impact on

806-483: The border city of Altona in the then Danish Duchy of Holstein , where Frederick met his wife for the first time. Louise and Frederick then travelled together to Copenhagen , where Louise held her official entry into the Danish capital to great cheers from the population on 11 December 1743. Already the same day a second wedding ceremony with the groom present was held in the chapel of the newly completed Christiansborg Palace . Louise quickly became popular both at

868-626: The chapel at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, he was interred next to Queen Louise in Roskilde Cathedral on the island of Zealand , the traditional burial site for Danish monarchs since the 15th century. His monument in Roskilde cathedral was completed in 1769, and designed by the Danish sculptor Johannes Wiedewelt . It includes a large sarcophagus resting on footpieces and decorated by numerous sculptures, behind which

930-668: The Copenhagen Masonic Lodge St. Martin. This was probably June 1744, and inspired by the Prussian king Frederick the Great who was also included in a masonic lodge in his youth. They both had fathers who were violently opposed to the Masons, but unlike the Prussian king, Frederick V never published his membership of the lodge. On 6 August 1746—the day before his parents' silver marriage festivities—his father died at

992-401: The Danish architect and royal building master Nicolai Eigtved in the new Rococo style . Their home quickly became the setting for a lively and entertaining court which differed greatly from the rigid and heavy etiquette that prevailed at his parents' court at Christiansborg Palace. The Norwegian Masonic historian Karl Ludvig Tørrisen Bugge claimed Frederick V as crown prince was included in

1054-412: The Great of Prussia. After having made some additional investigations and met with satisfying answers, the king expressed himself willing to marry her, and the wedding took place at the chapel of Frederiksborg Castle on 8 July 1752. The marriage was frowned upon by the people who saw it as too early for the King to remarry. Neither did the formal princess appeal to his own taste, and with the court she

1116-473: The age of 46 at Hirschholm Palace , the royal family's summer retreat north of Copenhagen. At the death of his father, Frederick immediately ascended the thrones of Denmark and Norway as their fifth absolute monarch at the age of just 23. The new king and queen then moved the short distance from the Prince's Mansion across the Frederiksholm's Canal into the large Christiansborg Palace. On 4 September

1178-553: The age of 7, he received his own royal household with the German nobleman Georg Wilhelm von Söhlenthal as his hofmeister . Söhlenthal was an ardent supporter of the Moravian Brethren , and his home was the center of the pietistic circles in Copenhagen. He shared a deep religious piety with the king, and for a time he was Christian VI's adviser on ecclesiastical matters. However, Söhlenthal did not succeed in influencing

1240-408: The canal was necessary because the natural stream (Danish: å ) from the lake to the fjord was filling up with sand. The water in the newly built canal was harnessed by a watermill, and the town of Frederiksværk basically was created through industrialization. The ten largest urban areas in the municipality are: Halsnæs' municipal council consists of 21 members, elected every four years. Below are

1302-460: The court of Frederick V. The personal influence of Frederick was limited, making him one of absolute rulers who least made for the state's strength. When he became king, his alcoholism had developed in such a way that he was hardly able to lead a government alone and was completely dependant on his advisers. Just after his accession he appointed A. G. Moltke , whom he had as a favourite , as his Lord Chamberlain — an office that had previously been

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1364-590: The early part of The Visit of the Royal Physician ( Swedish : Livläkarens besök ), a 1999 historical novel by Per Olov Enquist , which mainly deals with his son Christian VII . As depicted in the book, Frederick's contemptuous and overbearing attitude to his son had a significant part in causing the mental instability which characterized Christian's life and reign. His officially recognized children by Else Hansen : Halsn%C3%A6s Municipality Halsnæs Municipality ( Danish : Halsnæs Kommune )

1426-574: The female line, Christian IX of Denmark , who was married to his great-granddaughter Louise of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel), became the designated heir. In February 2021, Frederick V came suddenly to the focus of a historical-political controversy when a group of radical artists removed a bust of the King and sunk it in Copenhagen Harbor, in protest of Denmark's role in the Atlantic slave trade during his reign. Frederick V appears in

1488-562: The first period of the marriage did he manage to stay away from the orgies to which he had become accustomed, and continued his debauched lifestyle. Although Frederick came to feel high regard for his wife and always treated her with kindness, he reportedly was not in love with her. He continued to enjoy random liaisons with others, and during the years 1746–51, the king had a favorite mistress named Madam Hansen with whom he also had five children. However, Frederick felt comfortable with Louise, and she pretended not to notice his adultery. After

1550-552: The following year, they were anointed in Frederiksborg Palace 's Chapel, the traditional place of coronation of Denmark-Norway 's monarchs during the days of the absolute monarchy , on the island of Sealand north of Copenhagen. Frederick V's accession to the throne brought about a great change in life at the Danish court, which now became far more festive and acquired a more easy-going tone than under his strictly religious parents. What Frederick and Louise on

1612-428: The future queen of Denmark. Juliane Marie died in 1796, having been regent for her son Prince Frederick. Over the years, the king's heavy drinking and indulgent lifestyle had taken their toll on his health, especially since his constitution was not too robust to begin with. The king became increasingly melancholic, and neglected himself and the affairs of state. In the last years, his drinking increased even more, and he

1674-433: The king died of edema at the age of forty-two, after a twenty-year reign. He had been a pleasant change compared to the pious Christian VI's autocracy, and when Frederick died there were many who mourned. His last words were reportedly: "It is a great consolation to me in my last hour that I have never wilfully offended anyone, and that there is not a drop of blood on my hands." After lying in state with great pomp at

1736-451: The king issued a document permitting Classen to call the town "Friederichswerk". Classen was allowed to build a new foundry, Gjethuset, and it was constructed between 1761 and 1767. It has been used as a cannon foundry until 1928, and has been used for heavy industry until 1976. The building has been restored and reopened on 12 June 1996. It is now used as an art and culture center with theatre, music and art exhibitions. The original architect

1798-681: The king's death, an equestrian statue of Frederick V dressed in the garb of a Roman emperor by the French sculptor Jacques François Joseph Saly was unveiled in Amalienborg Square in Copenhagen . Within one hundred years of his time, Denmark faced the crisis of his male issue (the main branch of the Royal House) becoming extinct. This created a succession crisis beginning from his grandson's reign that affected both Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Finally, his great-grandson through

1860-461: The largest lake in Denmark , Arresø , lies within the municipality. Its name comes from Halsnæs , the peninsula that forms the western part of the municipality. The municipality was created on 1 January 2007 as a merger of the former municipalities of Frederiksværk and Hundested . At first the merged municipality wore the hyphenated name Frederiksværk-Hundested , but it was changed to Halsnæs on 1 January 2008. Its mayor, as of 1 January 2018,

1922-452: The less, his mother ironically referred to him as "Der Dänische Prinz" (literally The Danish Prince in German) because he occasionally spoke Danish. Apart from a certain interest in coin collecting , he only had modest cultural or intellectual interests. Prince Frederick proved himself from an early age to have a completely different nature from his strict and somewhat gloomy parents. He

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1984-561: The marriage desirable. Thus, the marriage negotiations began during the year of 1743, and were successfully concluded within a few months on 14 September. They were married in a proxy wedding ceremony on 10 November 1743 in Hanover , with the Princess's brother, the Duke of Cumberland , acting as the representative of the groom. A week later, the entourages of Louise and Frederick met in

2046-477: The new times, the heavy iron chains that had previously surrounded Christiansborg to keep the people at distance disappeared, court life regained its luster, and the palace's halls and salons once again became the setting for balls and social gatherings. Also commoners were now invited to court events, including the Dano-Norwegian writer Ludvig Holberg , who has described vividly how comfortable he feels at

2108-803: The perception of the period as a happy time. In the same period the Royal Frederiks Hospital and the Royal Orphanage (Det kgl. Opfostringshus) was created, a school intended for poor boys that still exists today, opened in Christianshavn on 1 October 1753. On 29 June 1753 Frederick V created Denmark's first lottery , called the Royal Copenhagen Lottery—a lottery that exists to this day as Klasselotteriet . Art and science prospered under his reign, and although he wasn't personally interested in cultural affairs,

2170-524: The progress of commerce and the emerging industry of gunpowder plant and cannon foundry in Frederiksværk , built by Johan Frederik Classen . They also avoided involving Denmark-Norway in the European wars of his time. The country remained neutral even for the duration of the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), despite its proximity to combatants Russia and Sweden , an act which undoubtedly shaped

2232-408: The public entertainment and freedom of expression that had been banned during his father's reign was again permitted. Prince Frederick was born between 10 and 11 in the evening on 31 March 1723. He was the grandson of King Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway and the only son of Crown Prince Christian and Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach . Frederick was the last Danish prince to be born in

2294-574: The public entertainment, performing arts , and freedom of expression that had been banned under the pietistic hypocrisy (characterized during his father's reign) was again permitted. This change was influenced by his first wife, who encouraged performances by actors and musicians. In 1748, the Royal Danish Theatre ( Det Kongelige Teater ) opened in Nicolai Eigtved 's new Komediehus (Playhouse) on Kongens Nytorv . And in 1754,

2356-537: The royal court and among the general population, due to her natural and straightforward behavior, and her popularity also contributed to that of her husband. Although the marriage was arranged, the couple got along quite well, and at least during the first years, their relationship was apparently amicable. The couple had five children, of whom the eldest son, the heir to the throne Crown Prince Christian, did not survive infancy. However, Louise only partially succeeded in taming her husband's licentious behavior, and not even in

2418-458: The royal family and the court's life, where she was adored. She was buried with great pomp at Roskilde Cathedral . At the time of her death, she was pregnant with her sixth child, who also died. The government thought it best for the king to remarry as soon as possible, in an attempt to stabilize his behavior. The king himself was initially unwilling to remarry a foreign princess, unless it was with an English princess, none of whom were available at

2480-649: The sarcophagus of General Classen and has a view towards the Arresø. The Town Museum is established in the old Arsenal, which was used as a storehouse for the cannons cast in Gjethuset. Displays in the museum concern weapon fabrication, gunpowder production and copper rolling during the years 1750 to 1900. There is also a restored grocery store from 1900. The small open-air museum, part of the Industrial Museum Frederiks Værk, contains one of

2542-418: The spiritual development of the Crown Prince, as he was an overly gentle and weak character, and in 1738 he was dismissed from his position as hofmeister. Frederick's education became rather deficient. In 1730 the king entrusted the significant and well-educated privy councillor Iver Rosenkrantz supervision of Crown Prince Frederik's upbringing, but this had no influence on the actual teaching. Rosenkrantz

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2604-407: The then antiquated and overextended Copenhagen Castle , which dated from the late 14th century, and had assumed a monstrous appearance and started to crumble under its own weight after several extensions. Demolition of the castle began in 1731 to make way for a more adequate royal residence, the vast Baroque style Christiansborg Palace , from where Frederick would eventually reign. The young prince

2666-459: The throne as King Christian VI. Frederick himself became Crown Prince at the age of seven. Christian VI and Queen Sophie Magdalene were deeply devoted to Pietism , a movement within Lutheranism that combines its emphasis on biblical doctrine with an emphasis on individual piety and living a vigorous Christian life. As a consequence, Frederick was given a strictly religious upbringing. At

2728-692: The throne in Sweden. The peasantry unilaterally elected Crown Prince Frederick, and in Dalecarlia the peasants even instigated a rebellion, the Dalecarlian rebellion or stora daldansen ( Swedish : the great Dalecarlian dance ) to enforce his election. However, as a result of the Treaty of Åbo in 1743, which ended the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743 , Adolf Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp

2790-442: The time. Reportedly, the king had a wish to marry Moltke's own daughter, maid-of-honor Catharine Sophie Wilhelmine von Moltke , a match Adam Gottlob did not wish and prevented by quickly having her married to Count Hannibal Wedell of Wedellsborg . Moltke then drew the king's attention to Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , daughter of Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , and sister-in-law to Frederick

2852-470: The wedding, the newlyweds initially took up residence at Charlottenborg Palace , a Baroque style residence of the Danish royal family located at Copenhagen's largest square, Kongens Nytorv . They lived there until, in 1745, they could move into the completed Prince's Mansion , a city mansion located just across the Frederiksholm's Canal from Christiansborg Palace, which was remodeled for them by

2914-466: The world's best-preserved powder mills with buildings and working machines from 1800. There is also a working watermill on the premises. The ruins of Dronningholm Castle lie near the Arresø. It was started by Valdemar the Great , and continued by his son Valdemar the Victorious . The castle was one of the largest in the country. but burned down in 1525. According to legend the castle was given as

2976-442: The youngest daughter of King George II and Caroline of Ansbach . The marriage was proposed by Great Britain from political reasons. At the time of the marriage, both France and Great Britain wished to make an alliance with Denmark-Norway, and being protestant Great Britain had the advantage of being able to make a marriage alliance. The Danish government was in favor of the proposal, while Frederick's father, King Christian VI,

3038-493: Was baptized the following day in the Crown Princess's Bedchamber by the royal confessor Christen Lemvig, and was named after his grandfather, King Frederick IV. As the Crown Prince's only son, Frederick was destined to rule from birth. A younger sister died in infancy in 1724, and his only surviving sister, Princess Louise , was born in 1726. On 12 October 1730, King Frederick IV died and Frederick's father ascended

3100-534: Was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein from 6 August 1746 until his death in 1766. A member of the House of Oldenburg , he was the son of Christian VI of Denmark and Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach . Although the personal influence of Frederick was limited, his reign was marked by the progress of commerce and trade, and art and science prospered under his reign. Unlike his parents who were deeply devoted to Pietism , Frederick grew into

3162-587: Was a supporter of the traditional Lutheran orthodoxy , while Christian VI more and more became a proponent of Pietism and lost confidence in Rosenkrantz. The Crown Prince's education was therefore completely carried out in the German Pietist spirit that prevailed at court. Like his ancestors at the then primarily German -speaking court in Copenhagen, he only had a poor command of the Danish language, and knew German better than Danish all his life. None

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3224-582: Was also a municipality ( Danish , kommune ) in Frederiksborg County on the island of Zealand ( Sjælland ) in eastern Denmark , located between Lake Arre ( Arresø ) and Roskilde Fjord . The municipality covered an area of 90 km², and had a total population of 20,340 (2005). Its last mayor was Helge Friis, a member of the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) political party . Frederiksværk municipality ceased to exist due to Kommunalreformen ("The Municipality Reform" of 2007) . It

3286-486: Was appointed heir to the throne in place of Crown Prince Frederick, after pressure from the Russian empress Elizabeth Petrovna . Crown Prince Frederick's propensity for debauchery accelerated his marriage negotiations in the hope that marriage would suppress the frequent drinking and debauched behaviour of the Crown Prince. In 1743, a dynastic marriage was negotiated between him and Princess Louise of Great Britain ,

3348-477: Was either Lauritz de Thurah or Nicolai Eigtved . The word Gjethus comes from Low German Gethus and means "foundry house". Classen's home in the neoclassical style, Arresødal, is still standing. It is in private ownership, but can be viewed from the outside. There are a number of churches from the Middle Ages in the villages near Frederiksværk. Vinderød Church, in the town of Frederiksværk, houses

3410-589: Was established between the two men, which was to become crucial after Frederick's ascension to throne. In 1740, the Crown Prince was confirmed , and from then on as heir to the throne was given a seat in the Council of State . During the Swedish succession crisis in 1743 following the death of Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden in 1741, when it was clear that no legitimate heir was to be expected, Crown Prince Frederick in 1743 had great prospects of being elected heir to

3472-425: Was gentle and kind in nature, cheerful and accessible to everyone, and wanted to see his subjects happy. Unlike his secluded parents, who were rarely seen outside their palaces, he enjoyed spending time in public with people from all walks of life. Despite his upbringing in a strictly pietistic home, he was not himself gripped by pietism. Although certainly not unfamiliar with religious sentiments, Frederick grew into

3534-427: Was initially reluctant. But he was convinced, as he hoped the marriage would lead to British support for his son's claim to the throne of Sweden. As for the Crown Prince, after having been presented with a portrait of the princess and finding her exterior appealing, and having been told of her amiability, he declared himself willing to marry Louise, all the more so as he too could see that the political circumstances made

3596-572: Was merged with existing Hundested municipality to form the new Frederiksværk-Hundested municipality . The name was changed to Halsnæs Municipality on 1 January 2008. This created a municipality with an area of 120 km² and a total population of c. 30,253. The municipal Frederiksværk contained many small towns and villages besides the city of Frederiksværk, including Ølsted , Kregme , Liseleje , Asserbo and Melby . Frederick V of Denmark Frederick V ( Danish and Norwegian : Frederik V ; 31 March 1723 – 14 January 1766)

3658-504: Was never popular—with no other identifiable cause than her sense of rigid etiquette, practised in German princely courts, that may have seemed less friendly than the English Louise. During his second marriage, the king had a relationship with Charlotte Amalie Winge . Their only child, Hereditary Prince Frederick , was born in 1753. He was, in his turn, father of King Christian VIII of Denmark and grandfather of Louise of Hesse ,

3720-549: Was primarily the arts of war that rivalled the anti- military attitudes that characterized his counsellors; he enjoyed hunting and stayed often at the Jægersborg Dyrehave estates. Although the king, as regent, took part in the conduct of government by attending council meetings, he was afflicted by alcoholism and most of his rule was dominated by very able ministers such as A. G. Moltke J. H. E. Bernstorff and H. C. Schimmelmann . These men marked his reign by

3782-432: Was rarely sober. Twice he broke his leg in drunken accidents, with subsequent long convalescences which greatly weakened him. According to Dorothea Biehl 's statements the king was often seen in a condition "where his arm was not strong enough to bring his hat on his head again without Moltke's help." In the end he was completely broken down as a result of drinking and debauchery. On 14 January 1766 at Christiansborg Palace,

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3844-526: Was reclaimed from the sands, first by King Frederik VII in 1849, and then by the National Museum of Denmark excavations in 1972. GeoArt is located at the northern tip of Lake Arre, between Frederiksværk and Helsinge. It has an art gallery with changing exhibitions and a permanent exhibition of gems and minerals including 225 million year old petrified wood from Arizona, amethyst from Brazil and fluorite from China. Until 1 January 2007 Frederiksværk

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