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112-448: The university's name means "assistance" and "benevolence". Fu Jen has since grown to comprise twelve colleges and schools, among which are several Taiwan's first or only academic units, such as Italian language , info-management , museology , religious studies , philosophy as well as hosts the earliest A&HCI journal in the whole country. The campus is served by Fu Jen University Station , Taiwan's first metro station named after

224-565: A huge number of civil servants and soldiers recruited from all over the country introduced many more words and idioms from their home languages— ciao is derived from the Venetian word s-cia[v]o ("slave", that is "your servant"), panettone comes from the Lombard word panetton , etc. Only 2.5% of Italy's population could speak the Italian standardized language properly when

336-1059: A large number of Taiwanese diplomats, mayors and magistratea, and former Chinese first lady Wang Guangmei . Notable alumni of academia are Wei-min Hao , climate scientist and contributor to the IPCC (shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize ), Harvard professor Lee-Jen Wei , notable physicist Lee C. Teng . In addition, there are also alumni working at Yale , Stanford , Columbia , Cornell , Georgetown , Northwestern , UCLA , USU , Howard University , Nanzan University , and National Taiwan University , etc. So far, many academicians and university presidents/vice-presidents such as Tsinghua 's Liu Da , Texas A&M 's Yang, Fu Jen's Bernard Li , NTPU 's Hou Chong-wen , NDHU 's Chin-Peng Chu , NUK 's Yueh-Tuan Chen, NKUHT 's Chi-Yeh Yung, FCU 's Pao-Long Chang , Shih Hsin 's Ting-ming Lai , Chia Nan 's Suen-Zone Lee, and 3 presidents of Providence University all have graduated from Fu Jen Catholic University. Among

448-668: A leading role in bringing together the colleges of biotechnology , chemistry , physics , engineering , management , and foreign languages . The establishment of a completely new curriculum and unique program will include training in hospital management and medical translation, research in laser technology and biotechnology, integration of Western and Chinese medicine, and robotic surgery . The university motto, 真、善、美、聖 ( Veritas, Bonitas, Pulchritudo, Sanctitas in Latin), expresses four ideals: truth , goodness , beauty and sanctity . The laurel wreath symbolizes honor and peace while

560-471: A little over one million people in the United States speak Italian at home. Nevertheless, an Italian language media market does exist in the country. In Canada, Italian is the second most spoken non-official language when varieties of Chinese are not grouped together, with 375,645 claiming Italian as their mother tongue in 2016. Italian immigrants to South America have also brought a presence of

672-657: A local vernacular. These dialects, as they are commonly referred to, evolved from Vulgar Latin over the course of centuries, unaffected by formal standards and teachings. They are not in any sense "dialects" of standard Italian, which itself started off as one of these local tongues, but sister languages of Italian. Mutual intelligibility with Italian varies widely, as it does with Romance languages in general. The Romance languages of Italy can differ greatly from Italian at all levels ( phonology , morphology , syntax , lexicon , pragmatics ) and are classified typologically as distinct languages. The standard Italian language has

784-658: A poetic and literary origin in the works of Tuscan writers of the 12th century, and, although the grammar and core lexicon are basically unchanged from those used in Florence in the 13th century, the modern standard of the language was largely shaped by relatively recent events. However, Romance vernacular as language spoken in the Italian Peninsula has a longer history. In fact, the earliest surviving texts that can definitely be called vernacular (as distinct from its predecessor Vulgar Latin) are legal formulae known as

896-417: A renewed interest in linguistics in the 16th century, sparked a debate that raged throughout Italy concerning the criteria that should govern the establishment of a modern Italian literary and spoken language. This discussion, known as questione della lingua (i.e., the problem of the language ), ran through the Italian culture until the end of the 19th century, often linked to the political debate on achieving

1008-575: A result. Starting in late medieval times in much of Europe and the Mediterranean, Latin was replaced as the primary commercial language by languages of Italy, especially Tuscan and Venetian. These varieties were consolidated during the Renaissance with the strength of Italy and the rise of humanism and the arts . Italy came to enjoy increasing artistic prestige within Europe. A mark of

1120-502: A seven-vowel system, consisting of /a, ɛ, e, i, ɔ, o, u/ , as well as 23 consonants. Compared with most other Romance languages, Italian phonology is conservative, preserving many words nearly unchanged from Vulgar Latin . Some examples: Dadu District, Taichung Dadu District ( Chinese : 大肚區 ; pinyin : Dàdù Qū ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Tōa-tō͘-khu ) is a suburban district in southwestern Taichung , Taiwan . The eponymous Dadu River flows nearby. The Yingpu culture

1232-479: A single language is that they have evolved so that they are no longer mutually intelligible ; this diagnostic is effective if mutual intelligibility is minimal or absent (e.g. in Romance, Romanian and Portuguese), but it fails in cases such as Spanish-Portuguese or Spanish-Italian, as educated native speakers of either pairing can understand each other well if they choose to do so; however, the level of intelligibility

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1344-513: A united Italian state. Renaissance scholars divided into three main factions: A fourth faction claimed that the best Italian was the one that the papal court adopted, which was a mixture of the Tuscan and Roman dialects. Eventually, Bembo's ideas prevailed, and the foundation of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence (1582–1583), the official legislative body of the Italian language, led to

1456-636: A university. Fu Jen is the oldest Catholic and Jesuit -affiliated institution of higher education in the Sinophone world, under the direct authority of the Congregation for Catholic Education of the Holy See . It is also a non-state actor of Track II diplomacy in the Holy See–Taiwan relations . Therefore, Fu Jen has special importance internationally and is known for its strong ties with

1568-427: Is 89% with French, 87% with Catalan , 85% with Sardinian , 82% with Spanish, 80% with Portuguese , 78% with Ladin , 77% with Romanian . Estimates may differ according to sources. One study, analyzing the degree of differentiation of Romance languages in comparison to Latin (comparing phonology , inflection , discourse , syntax , vocabulary , and intonation ), estimated that distance between Italian and Latin

1680-691: Is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire . Italian is the least divergent language from Latin , together with Sardinian (meaning that Italian and Sardinian are the most conservative Romance languages). Spoken by about 85 million people, including 67 million native speakers (2024), Italian is an official language in Italy , San Marino , Switzerland ( Ticino and

1792-759: Is also spoken by a minority in Monaco and France, especially in the southeastern part of the country. Italian was the official language in Savoy and in Nice until 1860, when they were both annexed by France under the Treaty of Turin , a development that triggered the " Niçard exodus ", or the emigration of a quarter of the Niçard Italians to Italy, and the Niçard Vespers . Giuseppe Garibaldi complained about

1904-859: Is also the only university in Taiwan that has a men's football team and a women's football team. It not only participates in the University Football Association, but also has the qualifications for the Taiwan Football Premier League and the Taiwan Mulan Football League. Several students have represented Taiwan to play in the AFC Cup . Fu Jen has always been the cradle of East Asian professional baseball and professional basketball stars. Among other sports, Lee Fu-an (twice champion at

2016-534: Is higher than that between Sardinian and Latin. In particular, its vowels are the second-closest to Latin after Sardinian . As in most Romance languages, stress is distinctive. Italian is the official language of Italy and San Marino and is spoken fluently by the majority of the countries' populations. Italian is the third most spoken language in Switzerland (after German and French; see Swiss Italian ), although its use there has moderately declined since

2128-460: Is markedly lower between Italian-Spanish, and considerably higher between the Iberian sister languages of Portuguese-Spanish. Speakers of this latter pair can communicate with one another with remarkable ease, each speaking to the other in his own native language without slang/jargon. Nevertheless, on the basis of accumulated differences in morphology, syntax, phonology, and to some extent lexicon, it

2240-504: Is neither a co-official nor a protected language in these countries. Some speakers of Italian are native bilinguals of both Italian (either in its standard form or regional varieties ) and a local language of Italy , most frequently the language spoken at home in their place of origin. Italian is a major language in Europe, being one of the official languages of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and one of

2352-462: Is not difficult to identify that for the Romance varieties of Italy, the first extant written evidence of languages that can no longer be considered Latin comes from the ninth and tenth centuries C.E. These written sources demonstrate certain vernacular characteristics and sometimes explicitly mention the use of the vernacular in Italy. Full literary manifestations of the vernacular began to surface around

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2464-590: Is one of the medical schools in Taiwan to adopt the pedagogy, "problem-based learning (PBL)", first developed at McMaster University Medical School in Canada, so that students can acquire medical knowledge from small group discussions and case studies. The implementation of PBL has won applause from the Taiwan Medical Accreditation Council and brought a wave of reform in medical education in Taiwan. In order to successfully practice PBL,

2576-513: Is the core of talent, academics and medical care in New Taipei City". Fu Jen College of Management is one of the best business schools in Taiwan, with highly internationalization and powerful Amazon Web Services cloud computing teaching resources. In 2014, the representative of Japan in Taiwan listed Fu Jen Catholic University as one of the seven well-known Taiwanese universities. The campus of Fu Jen Catholic University (including

2688-593: Is the main working language of the Holy See , serving as the lingua franca (common language) in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official language of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta . Italian has a significant use in musical terminology and opera with numerous Italian words referring to music that have become international terms taken into various languages worldwide. Almost all native Italian words end with vowels , and

2800-549: Is used, and the town of Chipilo near Puebla, Mexico; each continues to use a derived form of Venetian dating back to the 19th century. Other examples are Cocoliche , an Italian–Spanish pidgin once spoken in Argentina and especially in Buenos Aires , and Lunfardo . The Rioplatense Spanish dialect of Argentina and Uruguay today has thus been heavily influenced by both standard Italian and Italian regional languages as

2912-509: The Il Globo (Australia) and the La gazzetta del Sud Africa (South Africa). Italian is widely taught in many schools around the world, but rarely as the first foreign language. In the 21st century, technology also allows for the continual spread of the Italian language, as people have new ways to learn how to speak, read, and write languages at their own pace and at any given time. For example,

3024-991: The La Voce del Popolo ( Croatia ), the Corriere d'Italia (Germany), the L'italoeuropeo (United Kingdom), the Passaparola ( Luxembourg ), the America Oggi (United States), the Corriere Canadese and the Corriere Italiano (Canada), the Il punto d'incontro (Mexico), the L'Italia del Popolo ( Argentina ), the Fanfulla (Brazil), the Gente d'Italia ( Uruguay ), the La Voce d'Italia ( Venezuela ),

3136-689: The Asian Athletics Championships ), Cheng Chao-tsun ( 2017 Summer Universiade Javelin gold medal, breaking Asian record), Kuo Hsing-chun ( 2020 Summer Olympics & 2017 Summer Universiade weightlifting gold medal), Lin Yun-Ju (2020 Summer Olympics bronze medal, Taiwan's youngest player in the World Table Tennis Championships) are all alumni or students of the university. In recent years, Fu Jen has consecutively ranked first among private schools in

3248-776: The Beijing Normal University , Peking University , Renmin University , China University of Political Science and Law , and Central University of Finance and Economics . Under Mao Zedong 's arrangement, Chen Yuan , the former president of Fu Jen, was transferred to the Normal University as the new president. Although the Taiwan Provincial Government promised to donate land near Yuanshan Area in Taipei in 1948 to serve as

3360-610: The Catholic University of Peking , was itself a successor to the Fu Jen Academy ( Chinese : 輔仁社 ), which was created through the efforts of Catholic scholars Ma Xiangbo and Ying Lianzhi . The university's first president (1925–1927) was the American missionary George Barry O'Toole , OSB. He was succeeded by Chen Yuan , a Chinese Protestant and renowned historian, who remained university president until

3472-702: The Gallo-Italic linguistic panorama of Northern Italy , the Italo-Dalmatian , Neapolitan and its related dialects were largely unaffected by the Franco- Occitan influences introduced to Italy mainly by bards from France during the Middle Ages, but after the Norman conquest of southern Italy , Sicily became the first Italian land to adopt Occitan lyric moods (and words) in poetry. Even in

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3584-852: The Grisons ), Corsica , and Vatican City . It has official minority status in Croatia , Slovenian Istria , and the municipalities of Santa Tereza and Encantado in Brazil . Italian is also spoken by large immigrant and expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia . Italian is included under the languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Romania , although Italian

3696-674: The Kingdom of Italy in the Dodecanese ). Italian is widely spoken in Malta , where nearly two-thirds of the population can speak it fluently (see Maltese Italian ). Italian served as Malta's official language until 1934, when it was abolished by the British colonial administration amid strong local opposition. Italian language in Slovenia is an officially recognized minority language in

3808-773: The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia ), although the masses kept speaking primarily their local vernaculars. Italian was also one of the many recognised languages in the Austro-Hungarian Empire . Italy has always had a distinctive dialect for each city because the cities, until recently, were thought of as city-states . Those dialects now have considerable variety . As Tuscan-derived Italian came to be used throughout Italy, features of local speech were naturally adopted, producing various versions of Regional Italian . The most characteristic differences, for instance, between Roman Italian and Milanese Italian are syntactic gemination of initial consonants in some contexts and

3920-563: The National Taiwan University . So far in the 21st century, the university has since grown to comprise twelve colleges and schools and a hospital. In 2001, Fu Jen has been the first college in Taiwan that actively reduces tuition and fees. Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital was opened in September 2017. The College of Medicine can be used as a conduit for cooperation between different academic disciplines, and assume

4032-554: The Placiti Cassinesi from the province of Benevento that date from 960 to 963, although the Veronese Riddle , probably from the 8th or early 9th century, contains a late form of Vulgar Latin that can be seen as a very early sample of a vernacular dialect of Italy. The Commodilla catacomb inscription is also a similar case. The Italian language has progressed through a long and slow process, which started after

4144-640: The Roman Curia . In the past nearly one hundred years of history, the Benedictine , the Verbites , and the Jesuits from all over the world have participated in the management of the university. The university has the nation's first business school there with AACSB accreditation and also the medical college was the earliest to promote PBL as pedagogy for medical education . Fu Jen alumni include

4256-819: The Second Sino-Japanese War . In the white terror period of the cold war, Fu Jen was able to prevent the Kuomintang regime from interfering in school affairs and protect the students' freedom of speech under the serious concern of the Secretariat of State (Holy See) . Fu Jen Catholic University belongs to the International Federation of Catholic Universities (IFCU) under the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). After

4368-488: The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). Since the university's operation had not been interrupted by the war, it quickly became one of China's top science programs. Well-known scientists such as Chien Shih-Liang taught at Fu Jen, and graduates such as Lee C. Teng and Wang Guangmei became famous alumni. On December 24, 1945, Thomas Tien Ken-sin , the university chairman, was made a cardinal . The following year,

4480-437: The Society of the Divine Word . The new Fu Jen's academics sprouted from Western history , medieval philosophy , Christian thought , and European languages . It is the only comprehensive university in Taiwan that fully integrates Western thought, history, language, religion, and art. Since the 1960s, the university's philosophical tradition has been Scholasticism and Paul Yu Pin's "Three Kinds of Knowing" (三知論), focusing on

4592-457: The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 came into effect in 1971, Fu Jen is the only university in Taiwan that has continuously participated in UNESCO for a long time. In the official Holy See–Taiwan relations , the university has repeatedly promoted substantial exchanges between the two countries. All the traditional Taiwanese ambassadors to the Holy See will be awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Fu Jen after leaving office. All

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4704-478: The University Hospital ) is 348,360 square meters, the size is close to the Vatican City State , Japan's Kyushu Imperial University Hakozaki Campus, and the world-renowned Osaka University Toyonaka Campus. Fu Jen's Xinzhuang campus is known as "tree house campus". The Ceremony of Venerating the Heavens and Ancestors ( 祭天敬祖大典 ) was held for the first time since Cardinal Paul Yu Pin in 1979, advocating gratitude to nature and thinking of ancestors. Freshmen from

4816-406: The Western Roman Empire's fall in the 5th century. The language that came to be thought of as Italian developed in central Tuscany and was first formalized in the early 14th century through the works of Tuscan writer Dante Alighieri , written in his native Florentine . Dante's epic poems, known collectively as the Commedia , to which another Tuscan poet Giovanni Boccaccio later affixed

4928-413: The papal nuncio in Taiwan will also participate in the annual university opening ceremony. The appointment and removal of the post of Fu Jen university president is a matter of inquiry by the Secretary of State of the Holy See , and has been compared with the membership of the United Nations of the Republic of China (Taiwan) . The issue of the internal reorganization of Fu Jen has also widely affected

5040-475: The " IKEA of Taiwan" Test Rite International Co. co-founder Tony Ho ( 何湯雄 ). Among the alumni of the Fu Jen Department of Economics, Peter Lo ( 羅崑泉 ) founded the world's third largest health equipment company Johnson Health Tech , and Charles C.Y. Chen ( 陳致遠 ) is a member of the world's 11th largest shipping company- Wan Hai Lines and the chairman of Epistar Optoelectronics. The university has also produced many writers, celebrities, and other figures in

5152-406: The 111 Italian lecturer sections belonging to foreign schools where Italian is taught as a language of culture. As of 2022, Australia had the highest number of students learning Italian in the world. This occurred because of support by the Italian community in Australia and the Italian Government and also because of successful educational reform efforts led by local governments in Australia. From

5264-458: The 13th century in the form of various religious texts and poetry. Although these are the first written records of Italian varieties separate from Latin, the spoken language had probably diverged long before the first written records appeared since those who were literate generally wrote in Latin even if they spoke other Romance varieties in person. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the use of Standard Italian became increasingly widespread and

5376-438: The 1970s. It is official both on the national level and on regional level in two cantons : Ticino and Grisons . In the latter canton, however, it is only spoken by a small minority, in the Italian Grisons . Ticino, which includes Lugano , the largest Italian-speaking city outside Italy, is the only canton where Italian is predominant. Italian is also used in administration and official documents in Vatican City . Italian

5488-451: The Department of Chinese Literature will sing a section of Classic of Poetry in the ceremony. Fu Jen Catholic University currently has more than 100 student clubs, divided into 6 categories: academic, artistic, service, leisure and social, physical clubs, and musical clubs. The Cyan Rhyme Award ( 輔大青韻獎 ) was founded in 1977, it is an annual singing and song composition competition. Many well-known singers and artists have participated in

5600-421: The Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpreting Studies (GITIS). Also Fu Jen has annexed a Mandarin Language Center, established in 1964 to address the need for foreign missionaries to learn Chinese teaching hundreds of students each semester from countries worldwide Taiwanese , and every semester offers cultural classes such as Chinese Poetry , Chinese calligraphy , and Taijiquan . The School of Medicine

5712-417: The Italian dialects has declined in the modern era , as Italy unified under Standard Italian and continues to do so aided by mass media from newspapers to radio to television, diglossia is still frequently encountered in Italy and triglossia is not uncommon in emigrant communities among older speakers. Both situations normally involve some degree of code-switching and code-mixing . Notes: Italian has

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5824-439: The Italian language into a lingua franca used not only among clerks, nobility, and functionaries in the Italian courts but also by the bourgeoisie . Italian literature's first modern novel, I promessi sposi ( The Betrothed ) by Alessandro Manzoni , further defined the standard by "rinsing" his Milanese "in the waters of the Arno " ( Florence 's river), as he states in the preface to his 1840 edition. After unification,

5936-497: The Mediterranean. The increasing political and cultural relevance of Florence during the periods of the rise of the Medici Bank , humanism , and the Renaissance made its dialect, or rather a refined version of it, a standard in the arts. The Renaissance era, known as il Rinascimento in Italian, was seen as a time of rebirth, which is the literal meaning of both renaissance (from French) and rinascimento (Italian). During this time, long-existing beliefs stemming from

6048-567: The National Intercollegiate Athletic Games in 2016, 2017 and 2018. Fu Jen sent 8 athletes to participate in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, and a total of 4 people won 3 medals for the Taiwanese team . Including the sixth gold medal in Taiwan's Olympic history. Fu Jen alumni ( 輔大人 ) number near 200,000, they work in various fields. Alumni working in political fields include at least 25 congressman in Legislative Yuan , 3 Taiwanese Justices of Constitutional Court, 3 Taiwanese Premier / Vice-Premier , 2 Taiwanese Minister /Deputy-Minister of National Defense,

6160-424: The Nobel Prize winner 14th Dalai Lama came to Fu Jen to hold a Dharma promotion conference (lecture) and held talks with Taiwan Governor James Soong (Taiwan's second most powerful person) in the university president’s office. Fu Jen has expanded rapidly since the 1990s. The number of students and social influence has long maintained the top five in the country, and the number of colleges has been closely following

6272-446: The Premier Lin Chuan , former First Lady of China Wang Guangmei , a number of politicians represented in the Legislative Yuan and professors at various world-class institutions. The institution was originally established in Beijing in 1925 by the Benedictines of St. Vincent Archabbey in Latrobe, Pennsylvania , at the request of the Holy See , with Archabbot Aurelius Stehle serving as chancellor. Fu Jen, then commonly known as

6384-405: The School has recruited basic scientists with specialties in various areas as well as more than one hundred clinicians as a strong backbone for teaching. Fu Jen's is the only medical school in Taiwan which uses PBL as a pedagogy for the third and fourth year curriculum. Fu Jen Catholic University has a long history of publishing journals. The main journals are as follows: Fu Jen Academia Catholica

6496-418: The School of Agriculture was added and preparations for the School of Medicine began. Also in the same year, the first Taiwan Alumni Association of Fu Jen was established in Dadu , Taichung , Taiwan. After the Communists assumed power in China in 1949, religious organisations, including the Catholic Church , began to be systematically repressed. In 1952 this intensified and the government merged Fu Jen with

6608-444: The case of Northern Italian languages, however, scholars are careful not to overstate the effects of outsiders on the natural indigenous developments of the languages. The economic might and relatively advanced development of Tuscany at the time ( Late Middle Ages ) gave its language weight, although Venetian remained widespread in medieval Italian commercial life, and Ligurian (or Genoese) remained in use in maritime trade alongside

6720-455: The colonial period. In the early 19th century, Eritrea was the country with the highest number of Italians abroad, and the Italian Eritreans grew from 4,000 during World War I to nearly 100,000 at the beginning of World War II. In Asmara there are two Italian schools, the Italian School of Asmara (Italian primary school with a Montessori department) and the Liceo Sperimentale "G. Marconi" (Italian international senior high school). Italian

6832-400: The competition when they were studying at Fu Jen, such as Jolin Tsai , F.I.R. and so on. Every year during the Catholic Lent , a two-week Religious Life Week is held to celebrate Catholic Holy Week and Easter . In October, the university priests hold the Pray for the Country Mass in the university chapel, praying for God's protection and blessing to the country, government officials, all

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6944-405: The country (some 0.42% of the total population). Their numbers dropped dramatically after World War II following the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus , which caused the emigration of between 230,000 and 350,000 Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians. Italian was the official language of the Republic of Ragusa from 1492 to 1807. It formerly had official status in Albania due to the annexation of

7056-408: The country to the Kingdom of Italy (1939–1943). Albania has a large population of non-native speakers, with over half of the population having some knowledge of the Italian language. The Albanian government has pushed to make Italian a compulsory second language in schools. The Italian language is well-known and studied in Albania, due to its historical ties and geographical proximity to Italy and to

7168-446: The country. A few hundred Italian settlers returned to Libya in the 2000s. Italian was the official language of Eritrea during Italian colonisation . Italian is today used in commerce, and it is still spoken especially among elders; besides that, Italian words are incorporated as loan words in the main language spoken in the country (Tigrinya). The capital city of Eritrea, Asmara , still has several Italian schools, established during

7280-415: The country. The official census, carried out in 2002, reported 2,258 ethnic Italians ( Istrian Italians ) in Slovenia (0.11% of the total population). Italian language in Croatia is an official minority language in the country, with many schools and public announcements published in both languages. The 2001 census in Croatia reported 19,636 ethnic Italians (Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians ) in

7392-464: The design and fashion industries, in some sports such as football and especially in culinary terms. In Italy, almost all the other languages spoken as the vernacular —other than standard Italian and some languages spoken among immigrant communities—are often called " Italian dialects ", a label that can be very misleading if it is understood to mean "dialects of Italian". The Romance dialects of Italy are local evolutions of spoken Latin that pre-date

7504-452: The development of a Catholic philosophy that incorporates Confucianism and opposing the "relativism hegemony." During the thirty years of the Cold War , many Western priests and nuns were sent to teach at the university and imported advanced scholarship into Taiwan. Many professors have been commended for this in recent years, such as Daniel Ross from the United States, Leopoldo Vicente from Spain, Marcina Stawasz from Poland, etc. In 1997,

7616-420: The diffusion of Italian television in the country. Due to heavy Italian influence during the Italian colonial period , Italian is still understood by some in former colonies such as Libya. Although it was the primary language in Libya since colonial rule , Italian greatly declined under the rule of Muammar Gaddafi , who expelled the Italian Libyan population and made Arabic the sole official language of

7728-420: The educated gentlemen was to make the Grand Tour , visiting Italy to see its great historical monuments and works of art. It was expected that the visitor would learn at least some Italian, understood as language based on Florentine. In England, while the classical languages Latin and Greek were the first to be learned, Italian became the second most common modern language after French, a position it held until

7840-409: The establishment of Italian, and as such are sister languages to the Tuscan that was the historical source of Italian. They can be quite different from Italian and from each other, with some belonging to different linguistic branches of Romance. The only exceptions to this are twelve groups considered " historical language minorities ", which are officially recognized as distinct minority languages by

7952-433: The fact that it was linguistically an intermediate between the northern and the southern Italian dialects. Thus the dialect of Florence became the basis for what would become the official language of Italy. Italian was progressively made an official language of most of the Italian states predating unification, slowly replacing Latin, even when ruled by foreign powers (such as Spain in the Kingdom of Naples , or Austria in

8064-476: The free website and application Duolingo has 4.94 million English speakers learning the Italian language. According to the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs , every year there are more than 200,000 foreign students who study the Italian language; they are distributed among the 90 Institutes of Italian Culture that are located around the world, in the 179 Italian schools located abroad, or in

8176-1045: The history of Taiwan and China, such as the May Fourth Movement , the December 9th Movement the Consciousness Movement  [ zh ] , the Wild Lily student movement , the Reconciliation Movement of the Case of Su Chien-ho, the Losheng Sanatorium Retention Movement, and the Wild Strawberry Movement . At the end of Taiwan's martial law, the Fu Jen student once published the underground publication Reform ( 改造 ), which

8288-1344: The humanities scholars, such as the former director of National Palace Museum , Chou Kung-shin , Austrian scholar Leopold Leeb , and the historian Sheng-Ching Chang have an international reputation. In the field of business, in addition to the famous "red capitalist" Wang Guangying , the Tsai family of the LinYuan Group , the world's top 100 richest enterprises, and the Taiwanese billionaire Wu family of Shin Kong Group , all have several people graduated from Fu Jen, such as Taishin International Bank chairman Thomas Wu ( 吳東亮 ), Shinkong Insurance CEO Peter Wu ( 吳東賢 ), Cathay Real Estate Development Co. CEO Tsai Chen-hung ( 蔡辰鴻 ), COTC president Thomas Tsai ( 蔡辰威 ). There are also world-renowned companies related to Fu Jen alumni, such as Trend Micro co-founder Steve Chang ( 張明正 ), Acer Inc. co-founder Carolyn Yeh ( 葉紫華 ), Acer Inc. board member Maverick Shih ( 施宣輝 ), Motech co-founder Cheng Fu-Tien ( 鄭福田 ) and Simon Y.H. Tsuo ( 左元淮 ), Franz-porcelains founder Franz Chen ( 陳立恆 ), and

8400-660: The intersection of media and politics, former deputy spokesperson for the Taipei City Government Huang Ching-yin is also an alumna of the university. Fu Jen Catholic University has a special international status and plays a role in Taiwan's diplomatic status. The university has repeatedly awarded honorary doctorates to cardinals , national leaders and Nobel Prize winners . Italian language Italian ( italiano , pronounced [itaˈljaːno] , or lingua italiana , pronounced [ˈliŋɡwa itaˈljaːna] )

8512-581: The intervention of the Ministry of Education of the two countries and the papal nuncio to Taiwan. The chairman or the president of the university has always accompanied the president of Taiwan to visit the Holy See . In 2005, under the intervention of Fu Jen, the seat of the Taiwanese president was placed in the first row of heads of state, ahead of the US Vice President Dick Cheney and German Chancellor Angela Merkel . In 2013,

8624-489: The island of Corsica (but not in the neighbouring Sardinia , which on the contrary underwent Italianization well into the late 18th century, under Savoyard sway: the island's linguistic composition, roofed by the prestige of Spanish among the Sardinians , would therein make for a rather slow process of assimilation to the Italian cultural sphere ). The rediscovery of Dante's De vulgari eloquentia , as well as

8736-577: The language has a 7-vowel sound system ('e' and 'o' have mid-low and mid-high sounds). Italian has contrast between short and long consonants and gemination (doubling) of consonants. During the Middle Ages , the established written language in Europe was Latin, although the great majority of people were illiterate, and only few were well versed in the language. In the Italian Peninsula , as in most of Europe, most would instead speak

8848-640: The language to that continent. According to some sources, Italian is the second most spoken language in Argentina after the official language of Spanish, although its number of speakers, mainly of the older generation, is decreasing. Italian bilingual speakers can be found scattered across the Southeast of Brazil as well as in the South. In Venezuela , Italian is the most spoken language after Spanish and Portuguese, with around 200,000 speakers. In Uruguay , people who speak Italian as their home language are 1.1% of

8960-498: The late 18th century when it tended to be replaced by German. John Milton , for instance, wrote some of his early poetry in Italian. Within the Catholic Church , Italian is known by a large part of the ecclesiastical hierarchy and is used in substitution for Latin in some official documents. Italian loanwords continue to be used in most languages in matters of art and music (especially classical music including opera), in

9072-481: The late 19th to the mid-20th century, millions of Italians settled in Argentina, Uruguay, Southern Brazil and Venezuela, as well as in Canada and the United States, where they formed a physical and cultural presence. In some cases, colonies were established where variants of regional languages of Italy were used, and some continue to use this regional language. Examples are Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil, where Talian

9184-567: The law. On the other hand, Corsican (a language spoken on the French island of Corsica ) is closely related to medieval Tuscan , from which Standard Italian derives and evolved. The differences in the evolution of Latin in the different regions of Italy can be attributed to the natural changes that all languages in regular use are subject to, and to some extent to the presence of three other types of languages: substrata, superstrata, and adstrata . The most prevalent were substrata (the language of

9296-412: The nation was unified in 1861. Italian is a Romance language , a descendant of Vulgar Latin (colloquial spoken Latin). Standard Italian is based on Tuscan , especially its Florentine dialect , and is, therefore, an Italo-Dalmatian language , a classification that includes most other central and southern Italian languages and the extinct Dalmatian . According to Ethnologue , lexical similarity

9408-408: The number of printing presses in Italy grew rapidly and by the year 1500 reached a total of 56, the biggest number of printing presses in all of Europe. This enabled the production of more pieces of literature at a lower cost and Italian, as the dominant language, spread. Italian became the language used in the courts of every state in the Italian Peninsula , as well as the prestige variety used on

9520-630: The openness of vowels, the length of the consonants, and influence of the local language (for example, in informal situations andà , annà and nare replace the standard Italian andare in the area of Tuscany, Rome and Venice respectively for the infinitive "to go"). There is no definitive date when the various Italian variants of Latin—including varieties that contributed to modern Standard Italian—began to be distinct enough from Latin to be considered separate languages. One criterion for determining that two language variants are to be considered separate languages rather than variants of

9632-584: The original inhabitants), as the Italian dialects were most probably simply Latin as spoken by native cultural groups. Superstrata and adstrata were both less important. Foreign conquerors of Italy that dominated different regions at different times left behind little to no influence on the dialects. Foreign cultures with which Italy engaged in peaceful relations with, such as trade, had no significant influence either. Throughout Italy, regional varieties of Standard Italian, called Regional Italian , are spoken. Regional differences can be recognized by various factors:

9744-458: The other hand, almost everyone still speaks the Corsican idiom , which, due to its linguistic proximity to the Italian standard language, appears both linguistically as an Italian dialect and therefore as a carrier of Italian culture, despite the French government's decades-long efforts to cut Corsica off from the Italian motherland. Italian was the official language in Monaco until 1860, when it

9856-507: The people and world peace. During the martial law period , only Fu Jen and Tunghai University held College Christmas Balls in Taiwan, which is known as "the Fu Jen in the North, the Tunghai in the South ( 北輔大，南東海 )." This makes them the representative college Christmas ball in Taiwan. Fu Jen professors and students are first initiators and participants for many famous student movements in

9968-406: The population of Italy could speak Standard Italian. He reports that in 1951 that percentage had risen to 87%. The ability to speak Italian did not necessarily mean it was in everyday use, and most people (63.5%) still usually spoke their native dialects. In addition, other factors such as mass emigration, industrialization, and urbanization, and internal migrations after World War II , contributed to

10080-523: The proliferation of Standard Italian. The Italians who emigrated during the Italian diaspora beginning in 1861 were often of the uneducated lower class, and thus the emigration had the effect of increasing the percentage of literates, who often knew and understood the importance of Standard Italian, back home in Italy. A large percentage of those who had emigrated also eventually returned to Italy, often more educated than when they had left. Although use of

10192-528: The pronunciation of stressed "e", and of "s" between vowels in many words: e.g. va bene "all right" is pronounced [vabˈbɛːne] by a Roman (and by any standard Italian speaker), [vaˈbeːne] by a Milanese (and by any speaker whose native dialect lies to the north of the La Spezia–Rimini Line ); a casa "at home" is [akˈkaːsa] for Roman, [akˈkaːsa] or [akˈkaːza] for standard, [aˈkaːza] for Milanese and generally northern. In contrast to

10304-415: The publication of Agnolo Monosini 's Latin tome Floris italicae linguae libri novem in 1604 followed by the first Italian dictionary in 1612. An important event that helped the diffusion of Italian was the conquest and occupation of Italy by Napoleon in the early 19th century (who was himself of Italian-Corsican descent). This conquest propelled the unification of Italy some decades after and pushed

10416-542: The referendum that allowed France to annex Savoy and Nice, and a group of his followers (among the Italian Savoyards ) took refuge in Italy in the following years. Corsica passed from the Republic of Genoa to France in 1769 after the Treaty of Versailles . Italian was the official language of Corsica until 1859. Giuseppe Garibaldi called for the inclusion of the " Corsican Italians " within Italy when Rome

10528-572: The school site for Fu Jen to move to Taiwan, the Roman headquarters of the Society of the Divine Word soon ordered the suspension of all activities. The following year, the university's American representative Rev. Ralph Thyken, S.V.D. came to Tokyo , Japan, to prepare for the establishment of a new Nagoya Catholic University, which is now Nanzan University . Until the Holy See formally ordered

10640-737: The school's forced closure by the Chinese Communist government in 1952. In 1933 the Benedictines in the United States, in the midst of the Great Depression , were no longer able to sustain Fu Jen's mission. Administration of the university passed to the Society of the Divine Word in Germany. Its affiliation with Germany, an ally of Imperial Japan , helped protect university personnel from extreme brutality inflicted elsewhere by occupying Imperial Japanese soldiers during

10752-473: The teachings of the Roman Catholic Church began to be understood from new perspectives as humanists —individuals who placed emphasis on the human body and its full potential—began to shift focus from the church to human beings themselves. The continual advancements in technology play a crucial role in the diffusion of languages. After the invention of the printing press in the 15th century,

10864-469: The title Divina , were read throughout the peninsula and his written dialect became the "canonical standard" that all educated Italians could understand. Dante is still credited with standardizing the Italian language. In addition to the widespread exposure gained through literature, the Florentine dialect also gained prestige due to the political and cultural significance of Florence at the time and

10976-559: The top of Taiwan's private universities for top-ranked fields of study and distinguished alumni . The university has always been ranked in the QS World University Rankings and Times Higher Education World University Rankings , which is among the top 10% in the whole country. In addition, Fu Jen is the representative university of New Taipei City by QS Most Affordable Cities for Students Ranking . The Mayor of New Taipei City once pointed out in 2021 that "Fu Jen

11088-542: The total population of the country. In Australia, Italian is the second most spoken foreign language after Chinese, with 1.4% of the population speaking it as their home language. The main Italian-language newspapers published outside Italy are the L'Osservatore Romano ( Vatican City ), the L'Informazione di San Marino ( San Marino ), the Corriere del Ticino and the laRegione Ticino ( Switzerland ),

11200-703: The twelve stars signify the Virgin Mary . The cross represents the Christian faith . The two colors on the shield suggest Christ's dual nature as the rounded shape of the shield recalls the Sacred Heart . The Latin words on the banner beneath the emblem , the university motto, express the four ideals of the university while the three folds of the banner suggest the Trinity . Based on the Christian faith,

11312-454: The university further designated the products of the Fu Jen alumni 's enterprise Franz-porcelains as the official national gift, which were presented to Pope Francis and the retired Pope Benedict XVI respectively. The university at present comprises 12 colleges with more than 25,000 students. Fu Jen University established Taiwan's first graduate-level program in conference interpreting,

11424-677: The university president clearly supports the abolition of the death penalty, opposes abortion, and opposes the utilitarianization of higher education. Chairman of the Board of Trustees Presidents Relying on the authority of the Vatican and the Society of the Divine Word , Fu Jen, then known as the Catholic University of Peking, was the only university in Beijing that was not taken over and controlled by Empire of Japan during

11536-502: The university's re-establishment in Taiwan, the history of Fu Jen was interrupted for about ten years. Fu Jen Catholic University was re-established in 1961 in Taiwan, and Paul Yu Pin , the former Ordinary of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nanjing , was appointed as the new president by Pope John XXIII . The new school opened under the auspices of the Chinese Regional Bishops' Conference , the Society of Jesus , and

11648-659: The working languages of the Council of Europe . It is the third-most-widely spoken native language in the European Union (13% of the EU population) and it is spoken as a second language by 13.4 million EU citizens (3%). Including Italian speakers in non-EU European countries (such as Switzerland, Albania and the United Kingdom ) and on other continents, the total number of speakers is approximately 85 million. Italian

11760-684: The worlds of arts, media, and culture, and has had a huge influence in Taiwan and the Chinese speaking world over the past century. Internationally renowned figures include the 2018 Man Booker International Prize nomination novelist Wu Mingyi ( 吳明益 ), 2009 Orwell Prize winner Hsiao-Hung Pai ( 白曉紅 ), poet Lin Yang-min ( 林央敏 ), writer Chang Ta-chun ( 張大春 ), and many directors and actors such as Stan Lai ( 賴聲川 ), Wu Nien-jen ( 吳念真 ), Terry Hu ( 胡一虎 ), Jolin Tsai ( 蔡依林 ), Nicky Wu ( 吳奇隆 ), Reen Yu ( 喻虹淵 ), and Vivian Sung ( 宋芸樺 ). At

11872-561: Was also introduced to Somalia through colonialism and was the sole official language of administration and education during the colonial period but fell out of use after government, educational and economic infrastructure were destroyed in the Somali Civil War . Italian is also spoken by large immigrant and expatriate communities in the Americas and Australia. Although over 17 million Americans are of Italian descent , only

11984-525: Was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy , but King Victor Emmanuel II did not agree to it. Italian is generally understood in Corsica by the population resident therein who speak Corsican , which is an Italo-Romance idiom similar to Tuscan. Francization occurred in Nice case, and caused a near-disappearance of the Italian language as many of the Italian speakers in these areas migrated to Italy. In Corsica, on

12096-579: Was inaugurated on August 1, 2008, to enable interdisciplinary pursuits in Catholic studies. The Academia consists of five Fu Jen academic institutes or centers: the Institute of Scholastic Philosophy, Institutum Historiae Ecclesiae, Center for the Study of Science and Religion, Monumenta Serica Sinological Research Center, and John Paul II Institute for Research into Dialogue for Peace. Fu Jen ranks at

12208-443: Was mirrored by a decline in the use of the dialects. An increase in literacy was one of the main driving factors (one can assume that only literates were capable of learning Standard Italian, whereas those who were illiterate had access only to their native dialect). The percentage of literates rose from 25% in 1861 to 60% in 1911, and then on to 78.1% in 1951. Tullio De Mauro , an Italian linguist, has asserted that in 1861 only 2.5% of

12320-658: Was replaced by the French. This was due to the annexation of the surrounding County of Nice to France following the Treaty of Turin (1860) . It formerly had official status in Montenegro (because of the Venetian Albania ), parts of Slovenia and Croatia (because of the Venetian Istria and Venetian Dalmatia ), parts of Greece (because of the Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands and by

12432-438: Was the first demonstration of democratic activities on campus in Taiwan, but it was quickly banned. In May of each year, Fu Jen regularly holds elections of student self-government organizations at all levels of the school (the president of the student union, members of the student council, representatives of all levels of university meetings, etc.) to implement student autonomy and democratic political education. Electronic voting

12544-451: Was used for the first time in 2013 to enhance the convenience of student participation. Fu Jen Catholic University has at least 31 school-level sports teams. The Fu Jen baseball team is the most famous university baseball team in Taiwan, it has created the reputation of "Taiwan's Sokei-sen ". The Fu Jen Dragon Boat Team is the first international university dragon boat team in Taiwan and an important role in national sports diplomacy. Fu Jen

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