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42-565: (Redirected from Funing County ) Funing may refer to the following locations in China: Ningde , Fujian, formerly named Funing Funing County, Hebei (抚宁县) Funing County, Jiangsu (阜宁县) Funing County, Yunnan (富宁县) Funing, Heilongjiang (阜宁镇), town in Suifenhe Funing, Hebei (抚宁镇), town in and seat of Funing County, Hebei [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

84-623: A free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 ( license statement/permission ). Text taken from Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findings​ , FAO, FAO. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO ( license statement/permission ). Text taken from The State of the World's Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people – In brief​ , FAO & UNEP, FAO & UNEP. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

126-629: A frost -free period of 235 to 300 days per year, which is highly beneficial for soil agriculture. Ningde's history dates back to the Stamped Pottery Culture System ( 海印紋陶文化系統 Hāi-éng-ùng-dò̤ Ùng-huá Hiê-tūng ). As early as 10,000 to 20,000 years ago during the late Upper Palaeolithic period of the Stone Age (also known as the Old Stone Age) there were already human beings living and multiplying here. In 282,

168-609: A faculty at the Federal University of Paraná , in Curitiba. Today, forestry education typically includes training in general biology , ecology , botany , genetics , soil science , climatology , hydrology , economics and forest management . Education in the basics of sociology and political science is often considered an advantage. Professional skills in conflict resolution and communication are also important in training programs. In India, forestry education

210-455: A mixture of the two. Techniques include timber extraction, planting and replanting of different species , building and maintenance of roads and pathways through forests, and preventing fire . The first dedicated forestry school was established by Georg Ludwig Hartig at Hungen in the Wetterau , Hesse , in 1787, though forestry had been taught earlier in central Europe, including at

252-455: A region. A related discipline is the study of sylvics, which focuses on the autecology of genera and species. The provenance of forest reproductive material used to plant forests has a great influence on how the trees develop, hence why it is important to use forest reproductive material of good quality and of high genetic diversity . More generally, all forest management practices, including in natural regeneration systems , may impact

294-428: A total deposit of up to 50 million cubic meters. Ningde's rich hydropower resources give it a headstart in metallurgical industries. Products such as magnesium , zirconium oxide , aluminum , high-purity silicon carbide , and a series of other silicon products from plants in the prefecture enjoy high reputation and are exempted from examination when exported to Japan . Advances in metallurgical technology also aids

336-520: Is also the primary residential region for the She minority people , who take up to 25% of the total population. A majority of the population speak Eastern Min . It is subjected to a humid subtropical climate , with occasional threat of typhoons . Within the prefecture, the mean annual temperature ranges from 13.4 to 20.2 °C (56.1 to 68.4 °F), while mean annual rainfall ranges from 1,250 to 2,350 millimetres (49 to 93 in). The region also enjoys

378-929: Is an important economic segment in various industrial countries, as forests provide more than 86 million green jobs and support the livelihoods of many more people. For example, in Germany, forests cover nearly a third of the land area, wood is the most important renewable resource , and forestry supports more than a million jobs and about €181 billion of value to the German economy each year. Worldwide, an estimated 880 million people spend part of their time collecting fuelwood or producing charcoal, many of them women.  Human populations tend to be low in areas of low-income countries with high forest cover and high forest biodiversity, but poverty rates in these areas tend to be high. Some 252 million people living in forests and savannahs have incomes of less than US$ 1.25 per day. Over

420-737: Is attempting to use aquaculture as a springboard to eliminate poverty and improve the local economy. Up to 2000, aquaculture had created 370,000 jobs directly and indirectly; a total of RMB 4.5 billion had been invested, drawing an annual output value of RMB 2 billion. Ningde is the producer of many nonmetallic mineral resources, such as granite , diorite and basalt . The confirmed volume of granite reserves extends to 1,140 million cubic meters, while estimated amount of deposits undiscovered stands at several thousand million cubic meters. The mining area for basalt in Bailin, Fuding , known as Fuding Black, covers 0.21 square kilometres (0.081 sq mi) with

462-447: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ningde The prefecture-level Ningde City administers 1 district , 2 cities , 6 counties , as well as 124 towns , townships and subdistricts . Listed below are the district, cities and counties, first four of which are coastal whereas the rest locate in mountainous areas. Situated roughly 300 kilometres (190 mi) north of

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504-644: Is imparted in the agricultural universities and in Forest Research Institutes (deemed universities). Four year degree programmes are conducted in these universities at the undergraduate level. Masters and Doctorate degrees are also available in these universities. In the United States, postsecondary forestry education leading to a Bachelor's degree or Master's degree is accredited by the Society of American Foresters . In Canada

546-624: Is mainly suitable to regions with small-scale multi-functional forest management systems Forestry literature is the books, journals and other publications about forestry. The first major works about forestry in the English language included Roger Taverner 's Booke of Survey (1565), John Manwood 's A Brefe Collection of the Lawes of the Forrest (1592) and John Evelyn 's Sylva (1662). [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

588-520: Is no sharp boundary between plant taxonomy and dendrology; woody plants not only belong to many different plant families , but these families may be made up of both woody and non-woody members. Some families include only a few woody species . Dendrology, as a discipline of industrial forestry, tends to focus on identification of economically useful woody plants and their taxonomic interrelationships. As an academic course of study, dendrology will include all woody plants, native and non-native, that occur in

630-436: Is the biological science of studying forests and woodlands , incorporating the understanding of natural forest ecosystems , and the effects and development of silvicultural practices. The term complements silviculture , which deals with the art and practice of forest management. Silvology is seen as a single science for forestry and was first used by Professor Roelof A.A. Oldeman at Wageningen University . It integrates

672-482: Is the extraction of forest products, are planned and managed to utilize a mix of ecological and agroecological principles. In many regions of the world there is considerable conflict between forest practices and other societal priorities such as water quality, watershed preservation, sustainable fishing, conservation, and species preservation. Silvology ( Latin : silva or sylva , "forests and woods"; Ancient Greek : -λογία , -logia , "science of" or "study of")

714-431: Is the foundation of biological diversity at species and ecosystem levels. Forest genetic resources are therefore important to consider in forest management. Genetic diversity in forests is threatened by forest fires , pests and diseases, habitat fragmentation , poor silvicultural practices and inappropriate use of forest reproductive material. About 98 million hectares of forest were affected by fire in 2015; this

756-626: Is under construction in Xiapu county. Battery industry is another fast growing sector in Ningde region. CATL (寧德時代), the world's biggest lithium-ion batteries manufacturer has its headquarter and product line combining with upper stream product lines located in Jiaocheng district of Ningde. According to the 2010 Census , Ningde has a registered population of 3,393,698 inhabitants, although 2,821,996 persons declared to be permanent residents. It

798-645: The Jin Dynasty government established magistrate rule here. During the first twenty-three years of the Yuan dynasty (1206−1368), Funingzhou ( 福寧州 Hók-nìng-ciŭ ) Administration was set up. In 1736, during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing dynasty , Ningde was promoted to Funingfu ( 福寧府 Hók-nìng-hū ) Administration. In 1934, an Administration Supervision Zone was set up here under

840-668: The Republic of China . After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Fu'an Special Administration Zone was established. Finally in June 1971 the Zone was promoted to Ningde Prefecture. Xi Jinping served as party chief of Ningde between 1988 and 1990. The folk arts in Ningde are varied and colorful. Among them bantieji parade ( 搬铁技 ), puppet lion dance , and paper art are

882-754: The Tropic of Cancer , the prefecture of Ningde spans 13,500 square kilometres (5,200 sq mi) in land area. Like the rest of the province, Ningde sits in a mountainous region but it also enjoys almost 200 kilometres (120 mi) of coastline facing the East China Sea . Ningde is listed No.2 in China Integrated City Index 2016's environmental ranking, a study conducted by the National Development and Reform Commission . The warm and moist climate and fertile land in

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924-776: The University of Giessen , in Hesse-Darmstadt . In Spain, the first forestry school was the Forest Engineering School of Madrid ( Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes ), founded in 1844. The first in North America, the Biltmore Forest School was established near Asheville , North Carolina, by Carl A. Schenck on September 1, 1898, on the grounds of George W. Vanderbilt's Biltmore Estate . Another early school

966-744: The effects of climate change . Most countries in Europe have recommendations or guidelines for selecting species and provenances that can be used in a given site or zone. Forest management is a branch of forestry concerned with overall administrative, legal, economic, and social aspects, as well as scientific and technical aspects, such as silviculture , forest protection , and forest regulation . This includes management for timber, aesthetics , recreation , urban values, water , wildlife , inland and nearshore fisheries, wood products , plant genetic resources , and other forest resource values . Management objectives can be for conservation, utilisation, or

1008-522: The shipbuilding industry, a traditional trade in Ningde. In recent years, local shipyards have been capable of constructing 10,000-ton steamships. Ningde owns electricity industry providing energy supply for the need of local as well as for other metropolitan areas such as Fuzhou and Wenzhou . China Datang Corporation runs 2520 MW fired power plant in Fu'an City. The first nuclear power plant Ningde Nuclear Power Plant start to operate from 2008. CFR-600

1050-1211: The Canadian Institute of Forestry awards silver rings to graduates from accredited university BSc programs, as well as college and technical programs. In many European countries, training in forestry is made in accordance with requirements of the Bologna Process and the European Higher Education Area . The International Union of Forest Research Organizations is the only international organization that coordinates forest science efforts worldwide. In order to keep up with changing demands and environmental factors, forestry education does not stop at graduation. Increasingly, forestry professionals engage in regular training to maintain and improve on their management practices. An increasingly popular tool are marteloscopes ; one hectare large, rectangular forest sites where all trees are numbered, mapped and recorded. These sites can be used to do virtual thinnings and test one's wood quality and volume estimations as well as tree microhabitats . This system

1092-576: The She heritage, three volumes of She folk tales, songs and proverbs have been published. In total, 184 tales, 330,000 words in songs, and 6,000 proverbs have been included. Art works have also been produced out of She folklore, which reflects their way of life. There are many covered bridges in Ningde, particularly in Pingnan. 15,000-capacity Ningde Stadium is located in the city. It is mostly used for association football. The Ningde UNESCO Global Geopark

1134-706: The biological, physical, social, political and managerial sciences. Forest management plays an essential role in the creation and modification of habitats and affects ecosystem services provisioning. Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, in what is known as multiple-use management, including: the provision of timber , fuel wood, wildlife habitat , natural water quality management , recreation , landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes , biodiversity management, watershed management , erosion control , and preserving forests as " sinks " for atmospheric carbon dioxide . Forest ecosystems have come to be seen as

1176-468: The company of jovial music. The puppet lion dance, popular in Huotong Town and Jiaocheng District , originated from toys of the local children. The lions, made of colorful fabrics, are connected to wooden racks by ropes. Each individual rope controls a part of the lion's body, such as the head, tail or foot. The racks are set on vehicles moving through the streets. Performers on the vehicles pull on

1218-463: The development of forestry . Up to 1999, 8,482 square kilometres (3,275 sq mi), or 65.2 percent of the entire prefecture, are forested. Out of this area, bamboo groves occupy 600 square kilometres (230 sq mi), producing an annual output of six million bamboo products. In Fu'an alone, the green bamboo base has extended to 34 square kilometres (13 sq mi) and its output of green bamboo shoots takes up more than 60 percent of

1260-466: The entire provincial output. The prefecture of Ningde is blessed with vast area of shallow sea, which is suitable for aquaculture . In 2000, aquatic products take up 41.3 percent of the total output value of agriculture from Ningde, with an exporting value of US$ 82,170,000 and an annual net income exceeding RMB 3,500 for local fishermen. Major products include yellow croakers , oysters , razor clams , prawns and freshwater eels . Local government

1302-650: The genetic diversity of trees. The term genetic diversity describes the differences in DNA sequence between individuals as distinct from variation caused by environmental influences. The unique genetic composition of an individual (its genotype ) will determine its performance (its phenotype ) at a particular site. Genetic diversity is needed to maintain the vitality of forests and to provide resilience to pests and diseases . Genetic diversity also ensures that forest trees can survive, adapt and evolve under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, genetic diversity

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1344-442: The most important component of the biosphere , and forestry has emerged as a vital applied science , craft , and technology . A practitioner of forestry is known as a forester . Another common term is silviculturist. Silviculture is narrower than forestry, being concerned only with forest plants, but is often used synonymously with forestry. All people depend upon forests and their biodiversity, some more than others. Forestry

1386-588: The most representative. The bantieji parade, mostly seen during the Chinese new year , is a folk art performance popularized in Ningde since the Qing Dynasty . During the parade, children dressed as characters from various Chinese folklore sit or stand on parade vehicles, which were also decorated to resemble classic scenes such as the Heavenly Palace. The vehicles then cruise along the streets in

1428-485: The output of green tea took up 10.5 percent of that of the entire country. More than 1.2 million jobs were created directly and indirectly in different stages of the tea industry. Famous brands include the Tianshan Silver-Needle Tea, Baihao Silver-Needle Tea, Fenghuangshe, Lianyue Flower Tea and Xianyan Snow Peak. The mountainous landscape and advantageous climate conditions are also beneficial to

1470-440: The past centuries, forestry was regarded as a separate science. With the rise of ecology and environmental science , there has been a reordering in the applied sciences. In line with this view, forestry is a primary land-use science comparable with agriculture . Under these headings, the fundamentals behind the management of natural forests comes by way of natural ecology. Forests or tree plantations, those whose primary purpose

1512-492: The prefecture of Ningde provide it with favorable conditions for agriculture. The largest agricultural exports from Ningde include mushroom and tea . The area also produces large quantities of various fruits, such as shaddocks , Chinese chestnuts , plums , honey peaches, lychees and longans . Tea cultivation has long been an important industry of Ningde. By 1999 statistics, the total area of tea plantations in Ningde had reached 463 square kilometres (179 sq mi) and

1554-571: The ropes to make the lions dance or perform various tricks. Paper art, mainly practised by women, is a specialty of Zherong County . Common forms of the art include traditional flower patterns, words and daily life objects. Because of her paper art achievements, Zherong County was named "Home of Chinese Folk Arts" by the Ministry of Culture in 2000. The She people have also created and left many precious cultural heritages in their long historical practice. Owing to projects in recent years to protect

1596-423: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Funing&oldid=810733012 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1638-435: The study of forests and forest ecology, dealing with single tree autecology and natural forest ecology . Dendrology ( Ancient Greek : δένδρον , dendron , "tree"; and Ancient Greek : -λογία , -logia , science of or study of ) or xylology ( Ancient Greek : ξύλον , ksulon , "wood") is the science and study of woody plants ( trees , shrubs , and lianas ), specifically, their taxonomic classifications. There

1680-446: Was created in 2015 in a volcanic region of the coast, comprising Baishuiyang, Taimushan and Baiyunshan scenic areas. Forestry Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, planting, using, conserving and repairing forests and woodlands for associated resources for human and environmental benefits. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands . The science of forestry has elements that belong to

1722-482: Was mainly in the tropical domain, where fire burned about 4 percent of the total forest area in that year. More than two-thirds of the total forest area affected was in Africa and South America. Insects, diseases and severe weather events damaged about 40 million hectares of forests in 2015, mainly in the temperate and boreal domains. Furthermore, the marginal populations of many tree species are facing new threats due to

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1764-648: Was the New York State College of Forestry , established at Cornell University just a few weeks later, in September 1898. Early 19th century North American foresters went to Germany to study forestry. Some early German foresters also emigrated to North America. In South America the first forestry school was established in Brazil, in Viçosa , Minas Gerais , in 1962, and moved the next year to become

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