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79-778: While the territories of Further Austria west of the Rhine and south of Lake Constance (except Konstanz itself) were gradually lost to France and the Swiss Confederacy, those in Swabia and Vorarlberg remained under Habsburg control until the Napoleonic Era. Further Austria mainly comprised the Alsatian County of Ferrette in the Sundgau , including the town of Belfort , and the adjacent Breisgau region east of

158-575: A Frankish imperial palace ( Königspfalz ), Alamannian ducal seat and mint , which is why the name may have been transferred to the lake ("lake, by which Bodman is situated" = Bodmansee ). From 833/834 AD, in Latin sources, the name appears in its Latinised form lacus potamicus . Therefore, the name actually derived from the Bodman Pfalz (Latinized as Potamum ) was wrongly assumed by monastic scholars like Walahfrid Strabo to be derived from

237-514: A foothold and was then exported into other languages such as Hebrew: ימת קונסטנץ yamat Konstanz and Swahili: Ziwa la Konstanz . In many languages both forms exist in parallel e.g. Romansh : Lai da Constanza and Lai Bodan , Esperanto: Konstanca Lago and Bodenlago . The poetic name, " Swabian Sea", was adopted by authors of the early modern era and the Enlightenment from ancient authors, possibly Tacitus . However, this assumption

316-759: A treaty was drawn up between the Hohenstaufen emperor and the Lombard League . Lake Constance also played an important role as a trading post for goods being traded between German and Italian states. During the Thirty Years' War , there were various conflicts over the control of the region during the Lake War (1632–1648). After the War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802), which also affected

395-684: Is 251.14 metres (824.0 ft) deep. The three small bays on the Vorarlberg shore have their own names: the Bay of Bregenz, off Hard and Fußach is the Bay of Fussach and, west of that is the Wetterwinkel. Farther west, now in Switzerland, is the Bay of Rorschach. To the north, on the Bavarian side, is the Bay of Reutin. The railway embankment from the mainland to the island of Lindau and

474-485: Is 395 m (1,296 ft) above sea level . Its greatest depth is 252 metres (827 ft), exactly in the middle of the Upper Lake. Its volume is about 48 km (12 cu mi). The lake has two parts. The main east section, called Obersee or "Upper Lake", covers about 473 square kilometres (183 sq mi), including its northwestern arm, the Überlinger See (61 km (24 sq mi)), and

553-779: Is a Zungenbecken or Tongue lake. After the end of the last glacial period , about 10,000 years ago, the Obersee and Untersee still formed a single lake. The downward erosion of the High Rhine caused the lake level to gradually sink and a sill, the Konstanzer Schwelle , to emerge. The Rhine, the Bregenzer Ach , and the Dornbirner Ach carry sediments from the Alps to the lake, thus gradually decreasing

632-563: Is also known for its intensive cultivation of fruit and vegetables . The island of Lindau is located in the east of the Obersee, and is the second largest island. On it is the old town and main railway station of Lindau. The third largest island is Mainau in the southeast of Lake Überlingen. The owners, the family of Bernadotte , have set up the island as a tourist attraction and created botanical gardens and wildlife enclosures. Relatively large, but uninhabited and inaccessible because of their status as nature reserves, are two islands off

711-751: Is an important source of drinking water for southwestern Germany. The culminating point of the lake's drainage basin is the Swiss peak Piz Russein of the Tödi massif of the Glarus Alps at 3,613 metres (11,854 ft) above sea level. It starts with the creek Aua da Russein (lit.: "Water of the Russein"). Lake Constance was formed by the Rhine Glacier during the Quaternary glaciation ice age and

790-524: Is around 11,500 km (4,400 sq mi), and reaching as far south as Lago di Lei in Italy. The area of the Obersee , or Upper Lake, is 473 km (183 sq mi). It extends from Bregenz to Bodman-Ludwigshafen for over 63.3 kilometres (39.3 mi) and is 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) wide between Friedrichshafen and Romanshorn . At its deepest point between Fischbach and Uttwil , it

869-652: Is situated where Germany , Switzerland , and Austria meet. Its shorelines lie in the German states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria ; the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen , Thurgau , and Schaffhausen ; and the Austrian state of Vorarlberg . The actual locations of the country borders within the lake are disputed. The Alpine Rhine forms, in its original course ( Alter Rhein ), the Austro-Swiss border and flows into

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948-671: Is the Zeller See (or Zellersee in Swiss Standard German), or Lake Zell . North of the peninsula and swamp land Mettnau lies the lake part Markelfinger Winkel. The drumlins of the southern Bodanrück continue along the bed of these northern parts of the lake. South of the Reichenau, from Gottlieben to Eschenz , stretches the Rheinsee (lit.: "Rhine Lake") with strong Rhine currents in places. Previously this lake part

1027-539: The Council of Constance in the 15th century, the alternative name Lacus Constantinus was used in the (Roman Catholic) Romance language area. This name, which had been attested as early as 1187 in the form Lacus Constantiensis , came from the town of Konstanz at the outflow of the Rhine from the Obersee, whose original name, Constantia, was in turn derived from the Roman emperor, Constantius Chlorus (around 300 AD). Hence

1106-608: The German Empire . The County of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was created in 1576, upon the partition of the County of Hohenzollern , a fief of the Holy Roman Empire . When the last count of Hohenzollern, Karl I (1512–1579) died, the territory was divided among his three sons: The princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ruled over a small principality in south-western Germany, with a seat at Sigmaringen Castle . Unlike

1185-812: The Gnadensee (lit.: "Lake Mercy") north of the island and north of the peninsula of Mettnau (the Markelfinger Winkel ), and the Zeller See , south of Radolfzell and to the northwest of the Reichenau island, and the mainly Swiss Rheinsee (lit.: "Lake Rhine") – not to be mistaken for the Seerhein (lit.: "Rhine of the Lake(s)") at its start – to the south of the island and with its southwestern arm leading to its effluent in Stein am Rhein . The water of

1264-702: The Grand Duchy of Hesse . Fricktal had already become a French protectorate in 1799 and part of the Helvetic Republic in 1802, incorporated into the Swiss canton of Aargau the next year. After the defeat of Napoleon, there was some discussion at the Congress of Vienna of returning part or all of the Vorlande to Austria, but in the end only Vorarlberg returned to Austrian control, as Foreign Minister Klemens von Metternich did not want to offend

1343-585: The Hallstatt period is attested by grave mounds , which today are usually found in forests where they have been protected from the destruction by agriculture. Since the late Hallstatt period, the peoples living on Lake Constance are referred to as the Celts . During the La Tène period from 450 BC, the population density decreases, as can be deduced partly due from the fact that no more grave mounds were built. For

1422-673: The Holy Roman Empire under the counts of Zollern, vassals of the Holy Roman Emperor . From 1806 until 1813 the Hohenzollern lands were a realm of the Confederation of the Rhine , a short-lived state set up by Napoleon I Bonaparte . From 1815 until 1849 the principality was a sovereign country and a member of the German Confederation . In 1849 it lost its independence, and was incorporated into

1501-576: The Imperial Eagle ". Some estates in Vorarlberg possessed by the Habsburgs were also considered part of Further Austria, though they were temporarily directly administered from Tyrol . The original home territories of the Habsburgs, the Aargau with Habsburg Castle and much of the other original possessions south of the High Rhine and Lake Constance were already lost in the 14th century to

1580-896: The Kingdom of Prussia as the Province of Hohenzollern . The German Confederation was succeeded in 1866 by the North German Confederation , which itself was succeeded by the German Empire in 1871. In 1918, the Kingdom of Prussia became the Free State of Prussia , and the German Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic . In 1933 the republic was replaced by the Third Reich . After the defeat of

1659-461: The Leopoldian line : Further divided into Inner Austria proper (Styria, Carinthia and Carniola) and Upper Austria (Tyrol and Further Austria), ruled by: In 1490 all Habsburg possessions were re-unified under the rule of Frederick V, Holy Roman Emperor since 1452. Upon the death of Emperor Ferdinand I of Habsburg in 1564, Further Austria and Tyrol was inherited by his second son: In 1619

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1738-631: The Mesolithic period (Middle Stone Age, 8,000–5,500 BC) frequented the area without settling, however. Only hunting camps have been confirmed. The earliest Neolithic farmers, who belonged to the Linear Pottery culture , also left no traces behind, because the Alpine foreland lay away from the routes along which they had spread during the 6th millennium BC. This changed only in the middle and late Neolithic when shore settlements were established,

1817-773: The Radolfzeller Aach . The source of the Radolfzeller Aach is the Aachtopf , a karst spring whose waters mostly derive from the Danube Sinkhole . Therefore, the Danube is indirectly also a tributary of the Rhine. Because the Alpine Rhine brings with it drift from the mountains and deposits this material as sediment , the Bay of Bregenz will silt up in a few centuries time. The silting up of

1896-670: The Rhine , including Freiburg im Breisgau after 1368. Also ruled from the Habsburg residence in Ensisheim near Mühlhausen were numerous scattered territories stretching from Upper Swabia to the Allgäu region in the east, the largest being the margravate of Burgau between the cities of Augsburg and Ulm . During the Habsburg monarchy they were humorously called "tail feathers of

1975-598: The Rohrspitz in the Austrian section of the lake, the Langenargen and Marienschlucht . Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ( German : Fürstentum Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ) was a principality in southwestern Germany . Its rulers belonged to the senior Swabian branch of the House of Hohenzollern . The Swabian Hohenzollerns were elevated to princes in 1623. The small sovereign state with

2054-663: The Romanian Academy ) The English translation is: His Majesty (H.M.) N.N., King of Romania The combined coat of arms of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is: The combined coat of arms with inclusion of the House coat of arms of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is: The major coat of arms of the Kingdom of Romania consisted, from 1922 onwards, of: Members of the House of Hohenzollern reigned as monarchs in Europe. Following cession of their sovereignty over

2133-645: The Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) , Romania, which was a functionally independent vassal of the Ottoman Empire , proclaimed its full independence. After the commander of the Russian armies had requested Romania's help, Carol accepted to enter the war with the condition of being appointed as commander of the armies that were besieging Plevna . After the end of the Romanian War of Independence in

2212-412: The Wollmatinger Ried : the Triboldingerbohl which has an area of 13 ha (32 acres) and Mittler or Langbohl which is just three hectares (7.4 acres) in area. Smaller islands in the Obersee are: In the Untersee are: In Lake Constance there are several peninsulas which vary greatly in size: The shores of Lake Constance consist mainly of gravel. In some places there are also sandy beaches, such as

2291-406: The regulated Alpine Rhine flows into the lake in the southeast near Bregenz , Austria, then through the Upper Lake Constance hardly targeting the Überlinger See , into the Seerhein in the town of Konstanz , then through the Rheinsee virtually without feeding both German parts of the Lower Lake, and finally feeds the start of the High Rhine in Swiss town Stein am Rhein . The lake itself

2370-436: The 1878, at the Treaty of Berlin , Romania was subsequently recognized as an independent state by the Great Powers . In return for reverting to the Russian Empire three southern Bessarabian districts that had been regained by Moldavia after the Crimean War in 1852, Dobruja was acquired. In 1881, the principality was raised to a kingdom and Prince Carol became King Carol I . He reigned until his death in 1914, and

2449-436: The 18th century, the Habsburgs acquired a few minor new Swabian territories, such as Tettnang in 1780. In the reorganization of the Holy Roman Empire in the course of the French Revolutionary Wars , much of Further Austria, including the Breisgau, was by the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville granted as compensation to Ercole III d'Este , former duke of Modena and Reggio , who however died two years later. His heir as his son-in-law

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2528-402: The Austrian railways had already introduced CET the previous year and Switzerland followed in 1894. Because traffic timetables had not been yet updated, CET became the sole valid time around and on Lake Constance in 1895. The earliest recorded reference to the lakes is by Roman geographer Pomponius Mela around 43 AD, calling the upper lake Lacus Venetus and the lower lake Lacus Acronius ,

2607-451: The Bavarian Munich time was observed, and Bregenz used Prague time, while the Swiss shore used Berne time. One would have needed to travel only 46 kilometres (29 mi) to visit five time zones. Given the amount of trade and traffic over Lake Constance, this led to serious confusion. Public clocks in harbors used three different clock faces, depending on the destinations offered by the boat companies. In 1892, all German territories used CET ,

2686-405: The French: Lac de Constance , Italian: Lago di Costanza , Portuguese: Lago de Constança , Spanish: Lago de Constanza , Romanian: Lacul Constanța , Greek: Λίμνη της Κωνσταντίας – Limni tis Konstantias . The Arabic, بحيرة كونستانس buħaira Konstans and the Turkish, Konstanz gölü , probably go back to the French form of the name. Even in Romance-influenced English the name "Lake Constance" gained

2765-436: The Grace of God , Prince of Hohenzollern, Burgrave of Nuremberg, Count of Sigmaringen, Veringen and Berg, Lord of Haigerloch and Wehrstein . The modern state of Romania was formed by union of the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859, under the prince domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza . He was replaced by Karl Eitel of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1866, who ascended the throne as Carol I, Prince of Romania. During

2844-410: The Greek word potamos for "river" and meant "river lake". They may also have been influenced by the fact that the Rhine flowed through the lake. Wolfram von Eschenbach describes it in Middle High German as the Bodemensee or Bodemsee which has finally evolved into the present German name, Bodensee . The name may be linked to that of the Bodanrück , the hill range between Lake Überlingen and

2923-400: The Habsburg hereditary lands were re-unified under the rule of Emperor Ferdinand II . He gave Further Austria to his younger brother: In 1665 the Habsburg lands were finally re-unified under the rule of Emperor Leopold I . Lake Constance Lake Constance ( German : Bodensee , pronounced [ˈboːdn̩zeː] ) refers to three bodies of water on the Rhine at

3002-445: The Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg-Prussia, the Hohenzollerns of Sigmaringen remained Roman Catholic , along with their cousins of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (the senior line of the Swabian branch of the House of Hohenzollern) and Hohenzollern-Haigerloch . The principality became a sovereign state in 1815 after the abolition of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 and an independent realm following the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. Its ruler, Charles,

3081-425: The House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is the historical heir to the titles of: The historical titulature of rulers of the House of Hohenzollern was, in the German original: Seine Durchlaucht (S.D.) [name] von Gottes Gnaden, Fürst von Hohenzollern, Burggraf von Nürnberg, Graf zu Sigmaringen, Veringen und Berg, Herr zu Haigerloch und Wehrstein . The English translation is: His Serene Highness (HSH) [name] by

3160-425: The Lower Lake is Radolfzell . The largest islands are Reichenau in the Lower Lake, and Lindau and Mainau in the Upper Lake. Bodanrück , a large peninsula, separates the Upper and Lower Lake. While in English and in the Romance languages , the lake is named after the city of Constance , the German name derives from the village of Bodman (municipality of Bodman-Ludwigshafen ), in the northwesternmost corner of

3239-473: The Lower Lake, and the history of the House of Bodman . The German name of the lake, Bodensee , has been adopted by many other languages, for example: Dutch: Bodenmeer , Danish: Bodensøen , Norwegian: Bodensjøen , Swedish: Bodensjön , Finnish: Bodenjärvi , Russian: Боденское озеро , Polish: Jezioro Bodeńskie , Czech: Bodamské jezero , Slovak: Bodamské jazero , Hungarian: Bodeni-tó , Serbo-Croatian: Bodensko jezero , Albanian: Liqeni i Bodenit . After

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3318-430: The Nazis the province of Hohenzollern was merged with other territories into the state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern . This state was part of the Allied Occupation Zones in Germany until 1952. In that year, the state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern was merged into Baden-Württemberg , a state of the Federal Republic of Germany . Karl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern , is the head of the princely Swabian line. The head of

3397-399: The Obersee are (counterclockwise) the Dornbirner Ach , Bregenzer Ach , Leiblach , Argen , Schussen , Rotach , Brunnisach , Seefelder Aach , Stockacher Aach , Salmsacher Aach , the Aach near Arbon , Steinach , Goldach and the Old Rhine . The outflow of the Obersee is the Seerhein , which in turn is the main tributary of the Untersee. The most important tributary of the Untersee is

3476-437: The Rhine boundary in the 3rd century BC, the Alemanni gradually settled on the north shore of Lake Constance and, later, on the south bank as well. After the introduction of Christianity , the cultural significance of the region grew as a result of the founding of Reichenau Abbey and the Bishopric of Constance . Under the rule of the Hohenstaufens , Imperial Diets ( Reichstage ) were held by Lake Constance. In Constance, too,

3555-440: The Rhine passing through both. Around 75 AD, The naturalist Pliny the Elder called them both Lacus Raetiae Brigantinus after the main Roman town on the lake, Brigantium (later Bregenz). This name is associated with the Celtic Brigantii who lived here, although it is not clear whether the place was named after the tribe or the inhabitants of the region were named after their main settlement. Ammianus Marcellinus later used

3634-421: The Upper Lake runs approximately along the line between the southeast tip of Bodanrück (the Hörnle , which belongs to the town of Konstanz) and Meersburg. The Constance Hopper lies between the German and Swiss shores east of Konstanz . The Obersee and Untersee are connected by the Seerhein . The Untersee , or Lower Lake, which is separated from the Obersee and from its north-west arm, the Überlinger See, by

3713-429: The capital city of Sigmaringen was annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1850 following the abdication of its sovereign in the wake of the revolutions of 1848 , then became part of the newly created Province of Hohenzollern . The senior Swabian branch is less well known to history than the junior Franconian line , the latter of which became Burgraves of Nuremberg and later ruled Brandenburg and Prussia , and

3792-432: The depth and reducing the extension of the lake in the southeast. In antiquity, the two lakes had different names; later, for reasons which are unknown, they came to have the same name. In the 19th century, there were five different local time zones around Lake Constance. Constance, belonging to the Grand Duchy of Baden , adhered to Karlsruhe time, Friedrichshafen used the time of the Duchy of Württemberg , in Lindau,

3871-475: The entire Lake Constance is estimated to take another ten to twenty thousand years. The outflow of the Untersee is the High Rhine with the Rhine Falls at Schaffhausen . Both the average precipitation of 0.45 km /a and evaporation which averages 0.29 km /a cause a net change in the level of Lake Constance that is less when compared to the influence of the inflows and outflows. Further quantities of lake water are extracted by municipal waterworks around

3950-462: The expanding Swiss Confederacy after the battles of Morgarten (1315) and Sempach (1386). These territories were never considered part of Further Austria – except for the Fricktal region around Rheinfelden and Laufenburg , which remained a Habsburg possession until 1797. From 1406 until 1490, Further Austria together with the Habsburg County of Tyrol was included in the definition of "Upper Austria" ( Oberösterreich , not to be confused with

4029-417: The first time, written reports on Lake Constance have survived. Thus, we learn that the Helvetians settled by the lake in the south, the Rhaetians in the area of the Alpine Rhine Valley and the Vindelici in the north-east. The most important places on the lake were Bregenz (Celtic Brigantion ) and today's Constance . In the course of the Roman Alpine campaign of 16/15 BC, the Lake Constance region

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4108-420: The first time. The most important Roman site was Bregenz, which soon became subject to Roman municipal law and later became the seat of the Prefect of the Lake Constance fleet. The Romans were also in Lindau , but settled only on the hills around Lindau as the lakeshore was swampy. Other Roman towns were Constantia (Constance) and Arbor Felix ( Arbon ). After the borders of the Roman Empire were drawn back to

4187-419: The form Lacus Brigantiae . The current German name of Bodensee derives from the place name Bodman , which probably originally derived from the Old High German bodamon which meant "on the soils", indicating a place on level terrain by the lake. This place, situated at the west end of Lake Überlingen ( Überlinger See ), had a more supraregional character for a certain period in the early Middle Ages as

4266-403: The hereditary title he bore while reigning: During the reign of Carol II of Romania his son, Michael , was styled Măria Sa (M.S.) Marele Voievod de Alba Iuli or, in English translation, "His Highness The Grand Voivode of Alba Julia". The Romanian original is: Majestatea Sa (M.S.) N.N., Regele Românilor (or Maiestatea Sa (M.S.) N.N., Regele României ; both forms are accepted by

4345-419: The lake and the water company of Bodensee-Wasserversorgung . In Lake Constance there are ten islands that are larger than 2,000 m (22,000 sq ft). By far the largest is the island of Reichenau in the Untersee, which belongs to the municipality of Reichenau . The former abbey of Reichenau is a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its three early and highly medieval churches. The island

4424-476: The lake from the south. The High Rhine flows westbound out of the lake and forms (with the exception of the Canton of Schaffhausen , Rafzerfeld and Basel-Stadt ) the German-Swiss border as far as to the city of Basel . The Leiblach forms the Austria–Germany border east of the lake. The most populous towns on the Upper Lake are Constance ( German : Konstanz ), Friedrichshafen , Bregenz , Lindau , Überlingen and Kreuzlingen . The largest town on

4503-474: The lake. Lake Constance is located along the Rhine between the Alpine Rhine , its main tributary , and the High Rhine , its outflow. It is the third largest freshwater lake by surface area in Central and Western Europe (and the second largest in volume), after Lake Geneva and (in surface area) Lake Balaton . It is 63 km (39 mi) long, and, nearly 14 km (8.7 mi) at its widest point. It covers about 536 km (207 sq mi), and

4582-410: The large peninsula of Bodanrück , has an area of 63 km (24 sq mi). It is strongly characterised and divided into different areas by end moraines , various glacial snouts and medial moraines . These various areas of the lake have their own names. North of Reichenau Island is the Gnadensee . West of the island of Reichenau, between the peninsula of Höri and the peninsula of Mettnau

4661-499: The larger rivers, especially that of the Alpine Rhine. The silting up process is accelerated by ever-increasing erosion by the Rhine and the associated reduction in the level of the lake. The main tributary of Lake Constance is the Alpine Rhine . The Alpine Rhine and the Seerhein do not mix greatly with the waters of the lake and flow through the lakes along courses that change relatively little. There are also numerous smaller tributaries (236 in all). The most important tributaries of

4740-450: The middle of the former Duchy of Swabia , which also included parts of today's Switzerland. Today the name Swabian Sea ( Schwäbisches Meer ) is only used jocularly as a hyperbolic term for Lake Constance. No Paleolithic finds have been made in the immediate vicinity of the lake, because the region of Lake Constance was long covered by the Rhine Glacier . The discovery of stone tools ( microliths ) indicate that hunters and gatherers of

4819-436: The modern Austrian state of Upper Austria ). From 1469 to 1474 Archduke Sigismund gave large parts in pawn to the Burgundian duke Charles the Bold . At the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the Sundgau became part of France. After the Ottoman wars , many inhabitants of Further Austria were encouraged to emigrate and settle in the newly acquired Transylvania region, people that later were referred as Danube Swabians . In

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4898-400: The motorway bridge over the lake border the so-called Little Lake ( Kleiner See ), which is located between the Lindau village of Aeschach and the island. The northwestern, finger-shaped arm of the Obersee is called Überlinger See (or Überlingersee in Swiss Standard German ), or Lake Überlingen . It is sometimes regarded as a separate lake, the boundary between Lake Überlingen and the rest of

4977-408: The name Carol (reigned 1881–1914). The house remained on the throne until the end of the Romanian monarchy in 1947. The last King of Romania, Michael , died on 5 December 2017. Because the eldest Hechingen line of the Hohenzollerns became extinct in 1869 with the death of Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen , the head of the Sigmaringen branch, Karl Anton, dropped his line's suffix and took

5056-427: The northern foot of the Alps : Upper Lake Constance ( Obersee ), Lower Lake Constance ( Untersee ), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein ( lit.   ' Rhine of the lake(s) ' ). These waterbodies lie within the Lake Constance Basin ( Bodenseebecken ) in the Alpine Foreland through which the Rhine flows. The nearby Mindelsee is not considered part of Lake Constance. The lake

5135-523: The region and during which Austrian and French flotillas operated on Lake Constance, there was a reorganisation of state relationships. Lake Constance is located in the foothills of the Alps . The shore length of both main lakes is 273 kilometres (170 mi) long. Of this, 173 kilometres (107 mi) are located in Germany ( Baden-Württemberg 155 kilometres or 96 miles, Bavaria 18 kilometres or 11 miles), 28 kilometres (17 mi) run through Austria and 72 kilometres (45 mi) through Switzerland. If

5214-447: The rulers of the South German states and hoped that removing Austria from its advanced position on the Rhine would reduce tensions with France. As of 1790 Further Austria was subdivided into ten districts ( Oberämter ): Politically, the Further Austrian territories were held by the Habsburg (Arch-)Dukes of Austria from 1278 onwards. Upon the 1379 Treaty of Neuberg , they together with Carinthia , Styria , Carniola and Tyrol fell to

5293-435: The smaller west section, called Untersee or "Lower Lake", with an area of about 63 square kilometres (24 sq mi). The connection between these two lakes is the Seerhein (lit.: "Rhine of the Lake(s)"). Geographically, usually it is not considered to be part of the lake, but a very short river. The Lower Lake Constance is loosely divided into three sections around the Island of Reichenau . The two German parts,

5372-407: The so-called pile dwelling and wetland settlements , which have now been uncovered mainly on Lake Überlingen, the Constance Hopper and on the Obersee. At Unteruhldingen , a pile dwelling village has been reconstructed, and now forms an open air museum. In 2015, a 20 km line of about 170 man-made under-water stone mounds  [ de ] dated in the neolithic period or early Bronze Age

5451-411: The title Prince of Hohenzollern-Veringen to his son-in-law, Radu Duda , Michael severed dynastic ties with the princely house of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, changed the name of his family to "of Romania", and ceased the use of all princely titles borne by him and his family that derived from the German Hohenzollerns. The head of the Romanian branch continued, since abolition of the monarchy , to use

5530-478: The title of Prince ( Fürst ) of (all) Hohenzollern. French opposition to the candidacy of Carol's elder brother Prince Leopold for the throne of Spain triggered the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), which led to the founding of the German Empire in January 1871. The head of the Swabian branch of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ruled over the following territories: From 1061 until 1806 five of these fiefs (not including Nuremberg) constituted an immediate territory of

5609-588: The upper and lower lakes are combined, Lake Constance has a total area of 536 km (207 sq mi), the third largest lake in Central Europe by area after Lake Balaton (594 km or 229 sq mi) and Lake Geneva (580 km or 220 sq mi). It is also the second largest by water volume (48.5 km or 11.6  cu mi or 39,300,000  acre⋅ft ) after Lake Geneva (89 km or 21 cu mi or 72,000,000 acre⋅ft) and extends for over 69.2 kilometres (43.0 mi) between Bregenz and Stein am Rhein . Its catchment area

5688-640: Was Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este , the uncle of Emperor Francis II . After the Austrian defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz and the Peace of Pressburg in 1805, Further Austria was entirely dissolved and the former Habsburg territories were assigned to the Grand Duchy of Baden (Breisgau), the Kingdom of Württemberg ( Rottenburg and Horb ) and the Kingdom of Bavaria ( Weitnau , Günzburg , Weißenhorn ), as rewards for their alliance with Napoleonic France . Minor estates passed to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and

5767-706: Was based on an error (similar to that of the Teutoburg Forest and the Taunus ): the Romans sometimes used the name Mare Suebicum for the Baltic Sea , not Lake Constance. In times when the Romans had located the so-called " Suebi ", then an Elbe Germanic tribe near a sea, this was understandable. The authors of the Early Modern Period overlooked this and adopted the name for the largest lake in

5846-792: Was deposed in the revolutions of 1848 . His son, Karl Anton, succeeded him, and turned to Prussia for aid. Prussian troops arrived in August 1849, and in a treaty signed in December Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was annexed by Prussia, effective in March 1850. The annexation of their state did not, however, mean the end of the importance of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. The last prince, Karl Anton , served as Minister President of Prussia from 1858 to 1861. Karl Anton's second son, Karl Eitel of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen became prince (1866–1881) and then King of Romania , under

5925-606: Was discovered on the south-west shore of the lake between Bottighofen and Romanshorn. Grave finds from Singen am Hohentwiel date to the beginning of the Early Bronze Age and shore settlements were repeatedly built during the Neolithic Period and the Bronze Age (up to 800 BC). During the following Iron Age the settlement history is interrupted. The settlement of the shore of Lake Constance during

6004-593: Was incorporated in 1918. Ferdinand died in 1927. His eldest son, Crown Prince Carol, having renounced his rights, Carol's only son Michael ascended the throne. In 1930, however, Carol reclaimed the throne and was crowned Carol II . Carol was forced to abdicate in 1940, and Michael re-mounted the throne. His reign, and that of the dynasty, ended when he was forced to abdicate by a communist regime in 1947. On 10 May 2011, following lawsuits brought in Germany against his family by his German relatives regarding attribution of

6083-644: Was integrated into the Roman Empire . During the campaign, there was also supposed to have been a battle on Lake Constance . The geographer, Pomponius Mela , makes the first mention in 43 AD of Lake Constance as two lakes – the Lacus Venetus (Upper Lake) and the Lacus Acronius (Untersee) – with the Rhine flowing through both. Pliny the Elder referred to Lake Constance as Lacus Brigantinus for

6162-463: Was named Lake Bernang after the village of Berlingen . On most of the maps the name of the Rheinsee is not shown, because this place is best suited for the name of the Untersee. The present-day shape of Lake Constance has resulted from the combination of several factors: Like any glacial lake, Lake Constance will also silt up by sedimentation . This process can best be observed at the mouths of

6241-591: Was succeeded by his nephew, Ferdinand . Shortly after taking the throne, Ferdinand, a Roman Catholic like his predecessor, agreed to have his children reared in the Romanian Orthodox Church . In 1918 Transylvania and Bessarabia were incorporated. In 1918–19, confirmed by the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 and the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, most of the Banat became part of Romania. Also, Bukovina

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