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20-449: Around 3,000 of Föhr's 8,700 people speak Fering (1,500 of them being native speakers), constituting a third of all North Frisian speakers. Fering differs from other North Frisian dialects in that it is also used publicly on Föhr, not only at home. The municipalities of Oldsum and Süderende (Fering: Olersem, Söleraanj) in the western part of Föhr are strongholds of the dialect. Personal names on Föhr are still today greatly influenced by

40-656: A Frisian element. Notably hypocorisms and names with two elements are common. Early borrowings were made from the Danish language and the Christianisation of the North Frisians around 1000 A.D. brought a modest influence of Christian and biblical names. In the Age of Sail , Dutch and West Frisian forms became popular. Family names were usually patronymic , i. e. they were individually created as genitives from

60-417: A feminine/neuter noun) which forms the plural by removing a syllable – wönger ' (windows), and insel (island; also a feminine/neuter noun, and a German loanword) which form forms the plural by removing an unstressed vowel – insler (islands). In Fering, there are three groups of verbs: weak, strong and irregular verbs. Fering pronouns can be singular or plural. There used to be a dual form but it

80-401: A few masculine nouns in this group). Plurals can also be formed using "-in" , "-n" and "-s" . There are also plurals formed by changing a consonant at the end of the word, by changing a vowel within the word or by retaining the same form as the singular. Occasionally the plural form is formed by using a different word. There are exceptions in this suffix group, including wöning (window;

100-438: A few scattered farmsteads. Some farms were evacuated out of the town in the 1950s and 60's and are now situated outside the village proper but still in the municipality's area. Oldsum underwent a transformation from a farmers' to an artists' village, numerous studios and galleries can now be found there. Other important economical factors are a rising number of crafts enterprises as well as retailing. Anecdote An anecdote

120-635: A total of 211 of the inhabitants of the three places were seafarers. One of the most successful whalers, Matthias Petersen (1632–1706) lived in Oldsum proper. In his lifetime he was able to catch 373 whales, his tomb can still be visited in the graveyard of the St. Laurentii church in Süderende. As a part of Westerland Föhr, Oldsum belonged to the Royal Enclaves of Denmark and thus was a direct part of

140-559: A work entitled Ἀνέκδοτα ( Anekdota , variously translated as Unpublished Memoirs or as Secret History ), which consists primarily of a collection of short incidents from the private life of the Byzantine court. Gradually, the term "anecdote" came to be applied to any short tale used to emphasize or illustrate whatever point an author wished to make. In the context of Greek, Estonian , Lithuanian , Bulgarian and Russian humor , an anecdote refers to any short humorous story without

160-421: Is "a story with a point", such as to communicate an abstract idea about a person, place, or thing through the concrete details of a short narrative or to characterize by delineating a specific quirk or trait. Anecdotes may be real or fictional; the anecdotal digression is a common feature of literary works and even oral anecdotes typically involve subtle exaggeration and dramatic shape designed to entertain

180-629: Is no longer used. The formal is rarely used. There are various Fering authors. One of the first publicly noticed writers was Arfst Jens Arfsten (1812–1899) who began writing anecdotes in Fering around 1855. Others include Stine Andresen (1849–1927) who was a poet and writer from Wyk whose literature often refers to her native island. She published her poetry in German but also in Fering. In 1991, Ellin Nickelsen's novelette Jonk Bradlep (Dark Wedding)

200-682: The Danish crown while Osterland Föhr belonged to the Duchy of Schleswig . Only when Denmark lost Schleswig to Prussia in the Second Schleswig War , Oldsum became a part of Schleswig-Holstein. Since the communal elections of 2008, the Oldsumer Wählergemeinschaft holds eight seats out of nine in the municipality's council. The ninth seat is held by an independent contestant. With the rise of tourism, agriculture began to decrease in significance. Today there are only

220-733: The United States but kept contact with their relatives on the island. Examples include: The r is always pronounced as alveolar trill . Initial s is always voiceless. The diphthongs ia , ua and ui as well as the triphthong uai are falling diphthongs , i.e. the stress is always on the first vowel. The current orthographic rules for Fering and Öömrang were defined in 1971. Previously, linguists like L. C. Peters, Otto Bremer and Reinhard Arfsten had each created their own Fering orthography. Long vowels including those with umlauts are always written as double letters while consonants are short by default. Capital letters are only used in

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240-640: The beginning of a sentence and for proper names. Although there is a standard orthography, there is still spelling variation. This could partly be because many Fering speakers only learned how to spell standard German in school. For example, the North Frisian nationalist slogan "lewer duad üs Slaw!" (better dead than a slave) often appears along with the flag or crest of Föhr and has spelling variants including: leewer duad üüs Slaaw , lewer duaad üs Slaaw , and lewer duad üs Slav . Fering originally had 3 genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. However during

260-420: The course of the twentieth century the feminine and neuter genders have combined. Fering nouns have two numbers – singular and plural . There are two major suffixes used to form the plural: "-er" and "-en" . Nouns with a masculine gender often use the "-er" plural (although there are a few feminine/neuter nouns in this group) and nouns with a feminine/neuter gender often use the "-en" plural (there are

280-666: The father's given name. Contrary to the Scandinavian Petersen or Petersson , meaning "Peter's son", a Fering name like Peters means "of Peter". This practice was prohibited by the Danish Crown in 1771 for the Duchy of Schleswig and was therefore abandoned in the eastern part of Föhr. As western Föhr was a direct part of the Danish kingdom until 1864, patronyms were in use there until 1828 when they were forbidden in Denmark proper as well. Apart from Dutch names,

300-527: The listener. An anecdote is always presented as the recounting of a real incident involving actual people and usually in an identifiable place. In the words of Jürgen Hein , they exhibit "a special realism" and "a claimed historical dimension". The word anecdote (in Greek : ἀνέκδοτον "unpublished", literally "not given out") comes from Procopius of Caesarea , the biographer of Emperor Justinian I ( r.  527–565 ). Procopius produced c.  550 CE

320-465: The need of factual or biographical origins. Anecdotal evidence is an informal account of evidence in the form of an anecdote. The term is often used in contrast to scientific evidence , as evidence that cannot be investigated using the scientific method . The problem with arguing based on anecdotal evidence is that anecdotal evidence is not necessarily typical; only statistical evidence can determine how typical something is. Misuse of anecdotal evidence

340-543: The seafarers in Dutch service also introduced many loanwords in Dutch language to Fering which are still in use today. It has been observed that apart from Afrikaans , no other language outside the Netherlands proper has been influenced as much by the Dutch language as the North Frisian insular dialects. Examples for Fering include: Other loanwords were derived from American English when many people emigrated from Föhr to

360-422: The three hamlets of Oldsum, Klintum ( Fering : Klantem ) and Toftum (Fering: Taftem ) which are spread over some two kilometres along a main road. The population number about 600. The landscape is marked by well-preserved thatched farmhouses. Oldsum's landmark is an ancient thatched windmill whose antecessor presumably dates back to the year 1700. Though burned down 200 years later, it was rebuilt and subsequently

380-499: Was in use until 1954. Since 1972 the mill is exclusively used as a dwelling house. Oldsum is situated approximately two kilometres from the western shore of the island, the northern coastline is a little closer. Oldsum adjoins Süderende to the south, Dunsum to the southwest and Alkersum and Midlum to the east. Oldsum was first recorded in 1462 as Uluersum . During the 17th and 18th centuries, Oldsum, Klintum and Toftum were important whaling villages. A census in 1787 showed that

400-679: Was published. With it, she won the first ever held North Frisian literature competition. There are 3 dialects of Fering: Weesdring in Western Föhr, Aasdring in Eastern Föhr, and Boowentaareps in Southern Föhr. Oldsum Oldsum ( Fering : Olersem ) is a municipality on the island of Föhr , in the district of Nordfriesland , in Schleswig-Holstein , Germany . The municipality of Oldsum consists of

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