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70-753: The ARI has a rich history. It was founded in 1700 in Berlin-Dahlem by Gottfried Kirch . It had its origin in a patent application by Frederick I of Prussia , who introduced a monopoly on publishing star catalogs in Prussia. In 1945 the Institute was moved by the Americans nearer to the United States Army Garrison Heidelberg . On January 1, 2005 the combined Center for Astronomy institute formed by combining ARI, with

140-518: A Berlin map dated 1946 shows the station renamed as Bersarinstraße after the Soviet General responsible for restoring civil administration of the city, this name was used later at another location. Nürnberger Platz station was closed on 1 July 1959. It was replaced by two new stations on either side, Augsburger Straße and an interchange station to the U9 at Spichernstraße. Today, nothing remains of

210-463: A U-Bahn cathedral. The platform area is 7 metres (23 ft 0 in) high, 132 metres (433 ft 1 in) long and 22 metres (72 ft 2 in) wide. It was built in connection with the construction of the first North-South Line ( Nord-Süd-Bahn ), now the U8. The architecturally important department store Karstadt adjacent to the station, was being constructed at the same time. Karstadt contributed

280-570: A contemporary 1950s style. This lasted until the early 1980s when the interior was retro-renovated back into its original style. Wittenbergplatz station was presented with a London style "Roundel type" station sign in 1952, the 50th Anniversary of the Berlin U-Bahn. Today's station is an interchange station between the U1, U2 and U3 lines. The name of the Gleisdreieck (rail triangle) station

350-553: A fourth line to link Wilmersdorf in the southwest to the growing Berlin U-Bahn. The early network ran mostly east to west, connecting the richer areas in and around Berlin, as these routes had been deemed the most profitable. In order to open up the network to more of the workers of Berlin, the city wanted north–south lines to be established. In 1920, the surrounding areas were annexed to form Groß-Berlin (" Greater Berlin Act "), removing

420-592: A helper). The disability identification card must be in the owner's possession when traveling. With unemployment in the east averaging 15%, another common fare class in Berlin is the S(ocial)-Class. These identification cards are cleared through the normal government offices, then fulfilled at a BVG ride-pass non-automated location. Provided either by the Job Center (Arbeitsamt) for out-of-work residents or by

490-511: A large sum of money towards the decoration of the station and was in return rewarded with direct access from the station to the store. Hermannplatz was also the first U-Bahn station in Berlin to be equipped with escalators . Today, Hermannplatz is a busy interchange between the U7 and U8. Alexanderplatz station is another of the more notable U-Bahn stations in Berlin, and is an important interchange between three lines (U2, U5 and U8). The first part of

560-555: A third north–south line was needed. The first section of line G was built between Leopoldplatz and Spichernstraße , with the intention of extending it at both ends. It had been planned to open the G line on 2 September 1961, but an earlier opening on 28 August was forced by the announcement of the construction of the Berlin Wall . The next crisis was followed by the Berlin Wall construction on 13 August 1961, which had split

630-428: A total track length of 155.64 kilometres (96 miles 57 chains), about 80% of which is underground. Trains run every two to five minutes during peak hours, every five minutes for the rest of the day and every ten minutes in the evening. Over the course of a year, U-Bahn trains travel 132 million kilometres (82 million miles), and carry over 400 million passengers. In 2017, 553.1 million passengers rode

700-532: A transfer point between U6 and the West Berlin S-Bahn system, and a border crossing into East Berlin . The system was reopened completely following the fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification . The Berlin U-Bahn is the most extensive underground network in Germany. In 2006, travel on the Berlin U-Bahn was equivalent to 122.2 million km (76 million mi) of car journeys. The Berlin U-Bahn

770-544: A very long time. These plans had already been shelved as the expected patronage was not deemed high enough to justify such an expansion. Berlin Transport Minister Manja Schreiner (CDU) and Economy Minister Franziska Giffey (SPD) have underlined the local government's plans to extend the ends of each of the city's nine underground lines so that they reach the city's limits with the neighbouring state of Brandenburg. "We must radically extend all

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840-799: A working farm and an agricultural open-air museum . In 1920 the village was amalgamated into Greater Berlin . From 1931 on Martin Niemöller , a leader of the Confessing Church , was pastor of the United Protestant Sankt-Annen-Kirche until he was arrested by the Nazis in 1937. During the Cold War Dahlem belonged to the American Sector of West Berlin . From 1945 to 1991 the seat of

910-579: Is a rapid transit system in Berlin , the capital and largest city of Germany , and a major part of the city's public transport system. Together with the S-Bahn , a network of suburban train lines, and a tram network that operates mostly in the eastern parts of the city, it serves as the main means of transport in the capital. Opened in 1902, the U-Bahn serves 175 stations spread across nine lines, with

980-810: Is also available for E-Plus and O2 (LTE since 2016) customers, and since 2020 mobile reception in some underground sections has also been extended to Deutsche Telekom and Vodafone Germany customers, with complete reception for the latter two telcos expected to be realised by mid-2021. Many of the carriages on the U-Bahn feature small flat screen displays that feature news headlines from BZ , weekly weather forecasts, and ads for local businesses. Most major interchange stations have large shopping concourses with banks, supermarkets, and fast food outlets. There are several stations, platforms and tunnels that were built in preparation for future U-Bahn extensions, and others that have been abandoned following planning changes. For example, platforms have already been provided for

1050-656: Is located between the mansion settlements of Grunewald and Lichterfelde West . Dahlem is one of the most affluent parts of the city and a center for academic research . It is home to the Freie Universität Berlin , with its architecturally significant Philological Library ("The Brain") . Several other research institutions and museums, as well as parts of the Grunewald forest with its renaissance hunting lodge, are located in Dahlem. The U3 line of

1120-475: Is perhaps the biggest part of the project and one that will impact the most people. While Berlin's current Ringbahn - a circular line which rides an hour-long stretch around the city, connects U-Bahn lines to each other about mid-way through their routes - the local government plans for the U0 Ringlinie to connect the ends of each U-Bahn line that sprawls to near the outskirts of the city. Since this part of

1190-408: Is reminiscent of a construction which can only be imagined today. The wye was built in the opening year 1902. Plans for a redesign were made soon after, because the wye was already obsolete. An accident on 26 September 1908, which claimed 18 to 21 lives, was the final straw. The redesign and expansion of the transfer station , during which the station was still used, took until 1912. After World War II

1260-522: Is separated into three parts, as it was blocked by a concrete wall where it crossed the border between East and West Berlin. Another concrete wall separates this tunnel, which now houses a transformer for an electricity supplier, from the never-completed Oranienplatz Station which is located partially under the square of the same name. Stralauer Tor was a station on the eastern bank of the Spree between Warschauer Straße and Schlesisches Tor stations. It

1330-576: Is still great rivalry for construction money between the U-Bahn and the S-Bahn. After the construction boom that followed the reunification of the city, enthusiasm for further growth has cooled off; many people feel that Berlin's needs are adequately met by the present U- and S-Bahn. As of 2020, the only proposals receiving serious consideration aim to facilitate travel around the existing system, such as moving Warschauer Straße 's U-Bahn station closer to its S-Bahn station. There are several long-term plans for

1400-601: Is still in existence for a distance of 270 metres and now ends at the former junction to the workshop of the Schöneberg line. Platforms at five stations, Rathaus Steglitz , Schloßstraße , Walther-Schreiber-Platz , Innsbrucker Platz , and Kleistpark , were provided for the planned but never constructed U10. The U10 platform at Kleistpark has been converted into office space for the BVG. At Schloßstraße, U9 and U10 were planned to share two directional platforms at different levels;

1470-464: Is used as a storage area for theater props. At Jungfernheide station, double U-Bahn platforms similar to those at Schloßstraße were built for the planned extension of the U5. The unused platform sides are fenced off. The finished (U7) tunnel section which leads off towards Tegel airport is now used for firefighting exercises. On 4 December 2020, the U5 extension between Alexanderplatz and Brandenburger Tor

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1540-519: The GN-Bahn after its termini, Gesundbrunnen and Neukölln, via Alexanderplatz. Financial difficulties stopped the construction in 1919; the liquidation of AEG-Schnellbahn-AG, and Berlin's commitment to the Nord-Süd-Bahn, prevented any further development until 1926. The first section opened on 17 July 1927 between Boddinstraße and Schönleinstraße , with the intermediate Hermannplatz becoming

1610-747: The Allied Kommandatura of Berlin was in Dahlem on Kaiserswerther Straße . Today it serves as the office for the president of the local university . Until 1994, the headquarters of the United States Army Berlin command and the Berlin Brigade were located on Clayallee street. Parts of the building are still used by the Embassy of the United States in Berlin . The former library and Outpost theater across

1680-626: The Berlin U-Bahn system connects Dahlem to central Berlin. The first written account of Dahlem dates to the year 1275. The history of the village is connected to the Dahlem Demesne ( Domäne Dahlem ) first mentioned in 1450. Its estates were sold to the state of Prussia in 1841 and developed by dividing it into lots for building villas and mansions , similar to the development of the older mansion settlements of Lichterfelde West and Grunewald . The Demesne buildings today house

1750-410: The Berlin Wall and the subsequent restrictions imposed by East Germany limited travel across the border. The East Berlin U-Bahn lines from West Berlin were severed, except for two West Berlin lines that ran through East Berlin (U6 and U8). These were allowed to pass through East Berlin without stopping at any of the stations, which were closed. Friedrichstraße was the exception because it was used as

1820-784: The Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics ( Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik , ITA) and the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl ("Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory", LSW). The ARI has been responsible among other things for the Gliese catalog of nearby stars , the fundamental catalogs FK5 and FK6 , and the annually-published "Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars" (APFS), stellar ephemerides that provide high-precision mean and apparent positions of over three thousand stars for each day. During 1938–1945, whilst based in Berlin, ARI published

1890-577: The M-Bahn was built from the Gleisdreieck to the Kemperplatz station. It was broken down again after the fall of the Berlin Wall, since it obstructed parts of the reopened U2. Since 1993 the U1 and U2 trains both service the station again. Berlin public transit passes are available from many places, automated and non-automated, from BVG, Bahn, and authorized third-parties. The Ring-Bahn Line and

1960-493: The SPD , Alliance 90/The Greens and The Left typically advocate for tram construction instead. After the last extension of U5 opened on 4 December 2020, there are no immediate plans to expand the metro system due to lack of budgetary conditions, although there are several extensions of railway lines that can be discussed over time: There were discussions on U7's extension from Rudow to Berlin-Brandenburg Airport via Rudow-Süd for

2030-499: The 200-Kilometre-Plan was drawn up, detailing the future development of the U-Bahn, which would grow to 200 km (124.3 mi). Extending the C line to run from Tegel to Alt-Mariendorf was considered the highest priority: the northern extension to Tegel was opened on 31 May 1958. In order to circumvent East Berlin, and provide rapid-transport connections to the densely populated areas in Steglitz , Wedding , and Reinickendorf ,

2100-555: The Berlin S-Bahn passengers boycotted the Deutsche Reichsbahn, and transferred to the U-Bahn with numerous expansion. From 9 November 1989, following months of unrest, the travel restrictions placed upon East Germans were lifted. Tens of thousands of East Berliners heard the statement live on television and flooded the border checkpoints, demanding entry into West Berlin. Jannowitzbrücke , a former ghost station,

2170-518: The Nazi period the only addition to Berlin's underground railways was North–South Tunnel of S-Bahn , opened 1936–1939. During the Second World War , U-Bahn travel soared as car use fell, and many of the underground stations were used as air-raid shelters ; however, Allied bombs damaged or destroyed large parts of the U-Bahn system. Although the damage was usually repaired fairly quickly,

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2240-631: The Sozialamt for people who cannot work or are disabled, the S-Class ride-passes normally restrict travel to the AB zones and must be renewed (a new pass purchased at a non-automated location) on the 1st of each month. Additional passes are available for those which want to bring a bicycle on the public transit system. A bicycle-pass is included in the Student-class ride-pass, which is provided through

2310-624: The U-Bahn lines," Giffey told the Tagesspiegel newspaper. "We must offer Berliners a vision as to which routes we will tackle first," Schreiner added. Speaking to the dpa, Schreiner added that "Masterplan 2030" was crucial for many reasons: "More public transport means better climate protection, a better quality of life and more suitable mobility for everyone in the city." Here's how the city plans to expand Berlin's nine existing underground lines - as well as building an additional two lines to serve travellers: Ringlinie U0 - The outer Ringbahn This

2380-462: The U-Bahn that have no estimated time of completion, most of which involve closing short gaps between stations, enabling them to connect to other lines. This would depend on demand, and new developments in the vicinity. New construction of U-Bahn lines is frequently the subject of political discussion with the Berlin chapters of the CDU , FDP and AfD who usually advocate in favor of U-Bahn expansion while

2450-482: The U-Bahn. The entire system is maintained and operated by the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe , commonly known as the BVG. Designed to alleviate traffic flowing into and out of central Berlin, the U-Bahn was rapidly expanded until the city was divided into East and West Berlin at the end of World War II . Although the system remained open to residents of both sides at first, the construction of

2520-464: The Western sectors also became subject to restrictions imposed by their government. There was a general strike on 17 June 1953 which closed the sections of the Berlin U-Bahn that traveled through East Berlin. Just after the strike, on the following day, train service on the line A was resumed and the service C was resumed to provide connections to Nordbahnhof and Friedrichstraße. Between 1953 and 1955,

2590-494: The academic journal Astronomical Notes ( German : Astronomische Nachrichten ). As of 2016, ARI was not limited to only publishing star catalogs, but has a wider research scope, including gravitational lensing , galaxy evolution, stellar dynamics , and cosmology . ARI is also involved in space astronomy missions including the Gaia mission . In 2007 professors Eva K. Grebel and Joachim Wambsganß ( de ) became co-directors of

2660-496: The ages of six and 14 and large dogs qualify for the reduced fare. Children below the age of six and small dogs travel free. There are senior discounts in the form of an annual ticket. Residents who have applied for and received a German Disability Identification card confirming 80% or more disability (ID's available from the Versorgungsamt , German Disability Office), can ride without a pass, including an additional person (as

2730-399: The city between east and west. The U2 was split into two sections, and for the north–south lines, trains were not allowed to stop for passengers and become Geisterbahnhöfe (" ghost stations "), patrolled by armed East-German border guards. Only at Friedrichstraße , a designated border crossing point, were passengers allowed to disembark. A further consequence over the years is that most of

2800-420: The date and time of the first use, and where the ticket was validated (in code), and therefore when the ticket expires. For example, once validated, an all-day pass allows unlimited use from the time of purchase to 3:00 am the following day. Unlike most other metro systems, tickets in Berlin are not checked before entering tram, U-Bahn or S-Bahn stations. They are however checked by the bus drivers upon entering. On

2870-452: The eastern portion of the city still sported bullet-riddled tiles at their entrances, a result of World War II battle damage during the Battle of Berlin . These were removed by 21 December 2004. The U-Bahn has nine lines: Among Berlin's 170 U-Bahn stations there are many with especially striking architecture or unusual design characteristics: Hermannplatz station resembles something of

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2940-490: The end of 1945, and the reconstruction was completed in 1950. Nevertheless, the consequent division of Berlin into East and West sectors brought further changes to the U-Bahn. Although the network spanned all sectors, and residents had freedom of movement, West Berliners increasingly avoided the Soviet sector and, from 1953, loudspeakers on the trains gave warnings when approaching the border, where passage of East Germans into

3010-529: The first station at which passengers could transfer between two different Großprofil lines. The completed route was opened on 18 April 1930. Before control of the U-Bahn network was handed over completely to the BVG in 1929, the Hochbahngesellschaft started construction on a final line that, in contrast to its previous lines, was built as part of the Großprofil network. The major development

3080-583: The increasingly communist " Universität Unter den Linden ". The newly founded university should uphold the traditional values of academic freedom and the educational ideal proposed by Wilhelm von Humboldt . Rudi Dutschke , spokesman of the German student movement in the 1960s, is buried at the cemetery of the Sankt-Annen-Kirche . Dahlem is served by the U3 line on the Berlin U-Bahn system. As in

3150-492: The institute. Other researchers involved with the institute include Hartmut Jahreiß author of the updated Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars ; Eugene Rabe ; Lutz D. Schmadel , author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names ; Hans Scholl ; and Rainer Spurzem working with N-body simulations. Between 1700 and 2007 there was a single director of the institute at a time. From 2007 onwards there were joint co-directors of

3220-484: The institute: 49°25′4.3″N 8°41′16.7″E  /  49.417861°N 8.687972°E  / 49.417861; 8.687972 Dahlem (Berlin) Dahlem ( German: [ˈdaːlɛm] or [ˈdaːləm] ) is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in southwestern Berlin . Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a part of the former borough of Zehlendorf . It

3290-437: The last few years Alexanderplatz station has, in stages, been restored; the work was due to be finished in 2007. Wittenbergplatz station is also unusually designed. It opened in 1902 as a simple station with two side platforms, designed to plans created by Paul Wittig . The station was completely redesigned by Alfred Grenander in 1912, with five platform faces, accommodating two new lines, one to Dahlem on today's (U3), and

3360-518: The need for many negotiations, and giving the city much greater bargaining power over the private Hochbahngesellschaft ("elevated railway company"). The city also mandated that new lines would use wider carriages—running on the same, standard-gauge track—to provide greater passenger capacity; these became known as the Großprofil ("large profile") network. Construction of the Nord-Süd-Bahn ("North-South railway") connecting Wedding in

3430-496: The neighboring Wilmersdorf , the historic metro stations are a special feature of the district. Stations in Dahlem include Breitenbachplatz , Podbielskiallee , Dahlem-Dorf , Thielplatz and Oskar-Helene-Heim . [REDACTED] Media related to Dahlem at Wikimedia Commons Berlin U-Bahn The Berlin U-Bahn ( German: [ˈuː baːn] ; short for Untergrundbahn , "underground railway")

3500-512: The new line had to use trains from the old Kleinprofil network; the carriages exits had to be widened to fill the gap to the platforms with wooden boards that passengers jokingly referred to as Blumenbretter ("boards for flower pots"). The line branched at Belle-Alliance-Straße, now ( Mehringdamm ); the continuation south to Tempelhof opened on 22 December 1929, the branch to Grenzallee on 21 December 1930. In 1912, plans were approved for AEG to build its own north–south underground line, named

3570-549: The north to Tempelhof and Neukölln in the south had started in December 1912, but halted for the First World War . Work resumed in 1919, although the money shortage caused by hyperinflation slowed progress considerably. On 30 January 1923, the first section opened between Hallesches Tor and Stettiner Bahnhof ( Naturkundemuseum ), with a continuation to Seestraße following two months later. Desperately underfunded,

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3640-585: The other S-Bahn lines are included, as are all U-Bahn lines, buses, trams, ferries, and most trains within the city limits: tickets are valid for all transportation considered part of the Berlin-Regional public transit system. The Berlin U-Bahn mostly runs on an honor system and has been noted for its relative lack of turnstiles in its stations; instead transportation agents will inspect tickets and fine fare evaders. Ride-passes (tickets) are available in fare classes: Adult and Reduced. Children between

3710-492: The other to Kurfürstendamm, today's Uhlandstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) on the (U1). A provision for a sixth platform was included but has never been completed. The redesign also featured a new entrance building, which blended into the grand architectural styles of Wittenbergplatz and the nearby KaDeWe department store. The interior of the entrance building was again rebuilt after considerable war damage during World War II, this time in

3780-491: The planned "U3" at Potsdamer Platz on the planned line to Weißensee . It is unlikely that this line, which had the working title "U3" will ever be built, so the platforms have been partially converted into a location for events and exhibitions. The line number "U3" has been used to re-number the branch to Krumme Lanke , which had been part of "U1". Line D, today's U8 , was intended to run directly under Dresdner Straße via Oranienplatz to Kottbusser Tor . This segment of tunnel

3850-447: The reconstructions became more difficult as the war went on. Eventually, on 25 April 1945, the whole system ground to a halt when the power station supplying the network failed. Upon unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany following the Battle for Berlin there were 437 damaged points and 496 damaged vehicles. The war had damaged or destroyed much of the network; however, 69.5 km (43.2 mi) of track and 93 stations were in use by

3920-449: The station as a third track siding was constructed in its place. Another tunnel, which once connected the U4 to its original depot and workshop at Otzenstraße ( Schöneberg ), is still in existence. The connection from Innsbrucker Platz station to the depot was severed when a deep level motorway underpass was constructed in the early 1970s; however, the continuation of the tunnel at Eisackstraße

3990-449: The station was opened in 1913 along with an extension of today's U2 line. In the 1920s Alexanderplatz was completely redesigned, both above and below ground. The U-Bahn station was expanded to provide access to the new D (today's U8) and E (today's U5) lines, then under construction. The result was a station with a restrained blue-grey tiled colour-scheme and Berlin's first underground shopping facilities, designed by Alfred Grenander . Over

4060-449: The station was put back into service on 21 October 1945 (lower platform) and 18 November 1945 (upper platform). However, service was interrupted again by the construction of the Berlin Wall. From 1972 onwards no trains ran on the lower platform, because servicing the U2 was no longer profitable due to the parallel traffic on the U1. The lower platform was reactivated in 1983, when the test line of

4130-488: The street today house the Allied Museum . Because many of Berlin's artistic, cultural, and educational institutions were located in the city's historical center in the former eastern part of Berlin , West Berlin authorities established many duplicates in Dahlem - above all the Freie Universität Berlin (literally the " Free University Berlin") in 1948, which was established by students and scholars as an antipole to

4200-497: The third incident, the BVG calls the offender to court, as there is now a history of 'riding without paying'. Mobile phone network in 3G, 4G and 5G is in place throughout the entire U-Bahn networks. This system was in place by 1995 for the E-Plus network, and was one of the first metro systems in the world to allow mobile telephone use; by the late-1990s the other networks could be used in some portions as well. Since 2015, UMTS and LTE

4270-531: The tram, S-Bahn and U-Bahn, a proof-of-payment system is used: there are random spot checks inside by plain-clothed fare inspectors who have the right to demand to see each passenger's ticket. Passengers found without a ticket or an expired/invalid ticket are fined €60 per incident. The passenger may be required to pay on the spot, and is required on the spot to give a valid address to which the relevant fine notice can be mailed (it does not have to be in Germany). On

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4340-404: The universities. For small dogs which can be carried there is no additional fare requirement. For each "large dog", a reduced fare ride-pass must be purchased. Tourist ride-passes, all-day, group passes, and season passes include a dog fare. BVG ride-passes are issued for specific periods of time, and most require validation with a stamping machine before they are first used. The validation shows

4410-403: The would-be U10 tracks have been abandoned, leaving both platforms used by U9 trains only. The other U10 platforms remain unused and are not generally open to the public. During the construction of Adenauerplatz (U7) station, which was built in conjunction with an underpass, platforms were also provided for a planned U1 extension from Uhlandstraße to Theodor-Heuss-Platz . A short tunnel section

4480-425: Was abandoned in favour of a slightly less direct route in order to provide the former Wertheim department store at Moritzplatz with a direct connection. This involved the construction of a 90-degree curve of the line between Moritzplatz and Kottbusser Tor stations. The construction of the tunnel under Dresdner Straße had only been partially completed before abandonment, leaving it with only one track. This tunnel

4550-596: Was also constructed in front of the Internationales Congress Centrum (ICC), beneath the Messedamm/Neue Kantstraße junction. This tunnel was built concurrently with a pedestrian subway and was also intended for the planned extension of the U1. The tunnel section, approximately 60 metres (196 ft 10 in) long, ends at the location of the planned Messe station adjacent to Berlins central bus station (ZOB). The tunnel

4620-425: Was built in three major phases: In a bid to secure its own improvement, Schöneberg also wanted a connection to Berlin. The elevated railway company did not believe such a line would be profitable, so the city built the first locally financed underground in Germany (intentionally using standard of Kleinprofil Berlin U-Bahn rolling stock ). It was opened on 1 December 1910. Just a few months earlier, work began on

4690-543: Was completely destroyed in World War II . It had been opened in 1902 and was renamed Osthafen in 1924. Today, only struts on the viaduct remain to indicate its location. In the post-Second World War period it was not thought necessary to rebuild the station, due its close proximity to the Warschauer Straße station. Also its location was directly on the border between the Soviet and American sectors. Although

4760-562: Was opened. This included the new Unter den Linden station, which acts as a transfer point between the lines U5 and U6. Französische Straße station on the U6 was simultaneously closed due to its short distance to the new station. Berlin's chronic financial problems make any expansion not mandated by the Hauptstadtvertrag —the document that regulates the necessary changes to the city as the capital of Germany—unlikely. Furthermore, there

4830-403: Was reopened two days later as an additional crossing point. It was the first station to be reopened after the opening of the Berlin Wall. Other stations, Rosenthaler Platz and Bernauer Straße on the U8 soon followed suit; and by 1 July 1990, all border controls were removed. In the decade following reunification, only three short extensions were made to U-Bahn lines. In the 1990s some stations in

4900-592: Was stopped in 1930. The seizure of power by the National Socialists brought many changes that affected Germany, including the U-Bahn. Most notably, the new national flag was hung in every station, and two of the stations were renamed. Extensive plans—mostly the work of architect Albert Speer —were drawn up that included the construction of a circular line crossing the established U-Bahn lines, and new lines or extensions to many outlying districts. Despite such grand plans, no U-Bahn development occurred. In

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