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53-431: Kuala Sedili or Tanjung Sedili, a small fishing town located 37 km north-east of Kota Tinggi town, is the second largest fishing port in east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Kota Tinggi was hardest hit in the flood that devastated Johor and some parts of Pahang , Melaka , and Negeri Sembilan . Nearly 100,000 people had to be evacuated to rescue centres. The first flood wave started on 19 December 2006 and sunk almost

106-596: A certain extent, the Southern Thai language is also used. 95.7% of Kelantan's population are ethnic Malays, and under the Malaysian Constitution, all Malays are Muslims; therefore, Islam is the largest religion in the state. Kota Bharu, as the state capital, is a popular centre for pursuits such as silat , martial arts , and kertok drumming. Here, too, more than any other place in Malaysia,

159-806: A landslide nationally. However, after the 2008 Malaysian general election , the PAS regained a two-thirds majority of seats in the state assembly. Rising high on the slopes of Gunung Korbu , the second highest peak in Peninsular Malaysia, the Nengiri River flows east to merge first with the Galas, and then with the Lebir — the latter begins in the Taman Negara National Park — before turning decisively northwards and emptying into

212-475: A large victory in 1999 due in part to Malayan anger over the treatment of former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and other officials of the national government. In 2004 the PAS nearly lost control of Kelantan, retaining it with only a 1-seat majority, when the Barisan Nasional, under the new leadership of Abdullah Badawi following Mahathir's retirement, won by

265-586: Is 95.7% Malay, 3.4% Chinese, 0.3% Indian and 0.6% others. The ethnicities of Kelantan generally live together harmoniously. For example, members of the Thai community received a permit to build a very large statue of the Buddha without any objection from the Malay community or the PAS government that granted the permit. Kelantanese Malays are the predominant ethnic group in the state. They speak Kelantanese Malay which

318-507: Is a state in Malaysia . The capital, Kota Bharu , includes the royal seat of Kubang Kerian. The honorific name of the state is Darul Naim (Jawi: دار النعيم ‎ ; "The Blissful Abode"). Kelantan is the only state outside of East Malaysia that does not use the term district in its second-level administrative division. Instead, the divisions are called colonies ( Jajahan ) or collectivities with one autonomous subdistrict. Kelantan

371-641: Is a town in Kota Tinggi District , Johor , Malaysia . Before 1863, Kuala Sedili was a district in Pahang . In 1956 Kuala Sedili was a small fishing village at the mouth of the Sedili River , and access to the port was by boat from the Kota Tinggi to Mersing Road where it crossed the river. The river is quite deep and is saline for some distance upstream. The Public Works Department of

424-482: Is also an important economic activity. Cottage industries which employ traditional skills in handicraft production such as batik , woodcarving and songket weaving are also evident. Logging activities are active given the vast remaining area of forest. In recent years, tourism, especially to offshore islands, has increased in importance. A few reputable hotels have been established and more modern shopping malls have been opened to cater to urban populations. Kota Bharu,

477-722: Is also visible in the hundreds of Thai wats , also known as ketik , found throughout the state. Since 1980, the longest statue of a reclining Buddha in Southeast Asia can be found in Wat Photivihan , in Tumpat . This temple is very popular with pilgrims and devotees. The Metta chanting uses the original Pali language or a Thai translation. About a thousand visitors attend the Wat for such religious celebrations as Tok'katinna, Loy Krathong , Saibat and Songkran . In Kelantan,

530-483: Is based in Kota Tinggi town. The higher administrator of this town called Pegawai Daerah (district officer), which is normally changed every 5–6 years as being promoted by the city council. His official home can be seen nearby the field of the city called Padang Kerajaan Kota Tinggi, near the highest building in Kota Tinggi, The Bangunan Sultan Iskandar. The building houses the district council offices. Kota Tinggi

583-486: Is distinguished from standard Malay as well as other Malay varieties in Malaysia by its unique grammar, pronunciation and figures of speech. Kelantanese Malay is somewhat mutually intelligible with other Malay dialects. Jawi script , which has less influence in other parts of Malaysia, is still widely used in writing and printing the Malay language in Kelantan. Signboards in Kelantan are written in both Jawi and Rumi. To

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636-505: Is located in the north-eastern corner of the Peninsular Malaysia . Kelantan is an agrarian state with paddy fields , fishing villages and casuarina -lined beaches. Kelantan is home to some of the most ancient archaeological discoveries in Malaysia, including several prehistoric aboriginal settlements. Due to Kelantan's relative isolation and largely rural lifestyle, Kelantanese culture differs somewhat from Malay culture in

689-541: Is owed between RM850 million and RM1 billion from oil revenue royalties from the central government, according to the Petroleum Act 1974. In 2009, the central government offered 'compensation' or Wang Ehsan , a fraction of the sum actually owed. Discrimination of Kelantan on the matter has led the state government considering action in the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Support for Kelantan and

742-768: Is represented in the Dewan Rakyat of the Malaysian Parliament by Dato' Noor Ehsanuddin Mohd Harun Narrashid from UMNO , part of the federal ruling alliance Barisan Nasional . On the state level, Kota Tinggi constituency contributes two seats to the Johor State Legislative Assembly : in which both seats were also represented by UMNO. Kota Tinggi is known as a historical town because the Sultanate of Johor

795-649: Is the main highway linking Johor Bahru to the east coast cities of Kuantan ( Pahang ), Kuala Terengganu ( Terengganu ) and Kota Bharu ( Kelantan ). Federal Route 91 connects Kota Tinggi to the railway town of Kluang while Federal Route 92 joins Kota Tinggi to Pengerang . Federal Route 94 also connects Kota Tinggi to Kulai . North–South Expressway Southern Route has an interchange in Kulai to connects Kota Tinggi from Kuala Lumpur . 1°44′N 103°54′E  /  1.733°N 103.900°E  / 1.733; 103.900 Kuala Sedili Kuala Sedili

848-775: The Japanese first landed during their invasion of Malaya , on 8 December 1941. In 1943, Kelantan was transferred by the Japanese to Thailand and became a province of Thailand . Kelantan reverted to Malaya upon the end of World War II in August 1945. Kelantan became part of the Malayan Union in 1946 and then the Federation of Malaya on 1 February 1948, and together with other Malayan states attained independence on 31 August 1957. On 16 September 1963, Kelantan became one of

901-511: The Kelantanese Chinese see themselves as either Cino Kapong (village Chinese) or Cino Bandar (town Chinese). Famous Chinese villages in Kelantan include Kampung Tok'kong (300-year-old temple), Batu Jong, Kampung Jelatok, Kampung Joh, Kampung Temangan, Kampung Mata Ayer, Kampung Tawang, Kampung Balai , and Gua Musang . Descendants of the earlier waves of small-scale migration are known as Oghe Cino kito (our very own Chinese) and

954-660: The Thai language spoken in Kelantan is called Tak Bai , after the southernmost coastal town Tak Bai of Narathiwat province , just across the Golok River from Malaysia. The Tak Bai dialect differs substantially from standard southern Thai and other regional Thai dialects, and it seems certain that the Kelantan Thais are the descendants of an original enclave of Narathiwat settlers established in sparsely populated Malay territory as long as four centuries ago. Buddhism

1007-666: The Titiwangsa Mountains , which are part of the Tenasserim Hills that span southern Myanmar , southern Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, with Mount Yong Belar being the state's highest point. There are a number of theories for the origin of the name Kelantan . One theory proposes that the word Kelantan comes from a modified version of the word gelam hutam , the Malay word for the cajuput , or swamp tea tree ( Melaleuca leucadendron ). Other theories claim that

1060-465: The continental shelf , is entirely in federal hands. However, because exploration of oil and gas is approximately 150 km from Kota Bharu and beyond the territorial water of Kelantan. Emeritus Professor Shad Saleem Faruqi concluded that Kelantan has no constitutional right to regulate it and to receive compensation for it. He further argued given the agreement deed to support Kelantan rights over royalties will render as unconstitutional and void under

1113-492: The states of Malaysia . The Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) came to power in Kelantan for the first time in 1959. In November 1977, the federal government declared a state of emergency in Kelantan following a political crisis and street violence. An election took place soon after the emergency, in which the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) won removing the PAS from power. Kelantan

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1166-626: The Malaysian-Thai border, where Kelantanese and Southern Thais cross frequently to visit their relatives and transport goods for small business. A part of the conservative Malay heartland, Kelantan has been ruled by the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) since 1990. It is one of four Malaysian states led by PAS after the 2022 elections, the others being Terengganu, Kedah, and Perlis. Almost all PAS members are Malay Muslims, as are about 97% of Kelantan's population. For years,

1219-535: The Muslim population, many consider them an act of defiance against Barisan Nasional's laws — which are more tolerant, depending on one's viewpoint — and also a significant loss to Malay traditional arts. A 2019 directive from the office of the Sultan prohibited state government buildings from displaying portraits of individuals other than the Sultan, Crown Prince, previous Sultan, and the state's First Minister . This

1272-572: The PAS has attempted to impose a strict interpretation of Islamic Law on Kelantan. It has successfully imposed certain social strictures such as single-sex supermarket queues, separate public benches for men and women, and limiting entertainment centers to prohibit "salacious behavior." An Islamic regional law such as caning for unmarried couples doing cohabitation (khalwat), amputation of limbs for thievery, execution for murder, and stoning for adultery (collectively known as Hudud Law) have been passed and enacted into law, however, have been unenforced by

1325-577: The base of the 634 meter high Gunung Muntahak mountain. The river water drains through a series of shallow pools used for swimming. The natural environment of some parts of the location has somewhat been spoiled by resort development with artificial landscaping. There are also many beaches along the coastal part of Kota Tinggi. The most popular beaches are Tanjung Balau , Desaru and Batu Layar ('sail rock'), which are 58 km, 55 km, and 62 km from Kota Tinggi town respectively. Chalets and hotels offering reasonable rates can easily be found along

1378-473: The beach. Teluk Sengat , located 25 km east of Kota Tinggi town, is a village visited by tourists for its seafood. Museums in Kota Tinggi include Kota Tinggi Museum . The town is accessible by bus from Johor Bahru Sentral (6B, 41, 227), Larkin Sentral (66, 227). or by Causeway Link route 6B. Federal Route 3 , Federal Route 91 and Federal Route 92 intersect at Kota Tinggi. Federal Route 3

1431-513: The capital, is the major urban centre, and there are also plans to open up the southern portion of the state under an ambitious multimillion-dollar development project. The main market at the city centre is a top attraction. Kelantan had a GDP per capita in 2006 at RM7,985. The State Socioeconomic Report 2017 published on 26 July 2018 reported that Kelantan has a GDP per capita of RM13,593 in 2017, significantly lower than any other state in Malaysia. Kelantan's cultural ties with Pattani make use of

1484-561: The day (now Jalan Kerja Raya?) began building a road to access the port in 1956 and would have finished it in 1957. At that time the main village was situated on the northern bank of the river, but all later development took place on the southern bank at the road head. This Johor location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kelantan Kelantan ( Malay pronunciation: [kəˈlantan] ; Jawi: کلنتن ‎ ; Kelantanese Malay : Klate ; Pattani Malay pronunciation: [kläˈtɛ] )

1537-492: The doctrine of severability (constitutional parts of the law remain even if other parts are unconstitutional), as the Assignment by Kelantan gives to Petronas the ownership of all petroleum "whether lying onshore or offshore of Malaysia" was an overstatement, and Kelantan has no rights to what lies off the shores of the whole of Malaysia. States cannot transfer rights over something they do not own. Unfortunately for Kelantan,

1590-488: The elders are seen as Oghe Kelate beto (true Kelantanese). Cina Kampung assimilation in Kelantan is manifested as: "Malay behaviour as frontstage and Chinese behaviour as backstage". "Frontstage" or public behaviour includes speaking Kelantanese Malay even when among themselves, adopting Malay-style clothing, and observing certain Malay customs and holidays. "Backstage" or private behaviour includes maintaining certain traditional Chinese beliefs and customs confined only within

1643-458: The eldest son of Long Yunus. The pro-Terengganu faction was defeated in 1800 and Long Muhammad ruled Kelantan with the new title of Sultan as Sultan Muhammad I. Later, when the Sultan died childless, it triggered another civil war among claimants to the throne. His nephew Long Senik Mulut Merah, triumphed over his uncles and cousins and assumed the throne in 1835 as Sultan Muhammad II. Sultan Muhammad II used his loose alliance with Siam to form

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1696-623: The home. A pattern which they also associate as Peranakan Chinese , nonetheless they are culturally different in some ways from the Strait-Chinese Peranakan of Malacca, Penang and Singapore or even the Indonesian Peranakans. The Cina Kampung in Kelantan have native speaker competence in the Kelantanese dialect. It is impossible to tell a Malay from a Chinese here just by listening to their speech in

1749-607: The issue, in Schedule 9, List I of the Federal Constitution, the following topics are assigned to the Federal Government: As for the state government: From the schedule, Peninsular Malaysian states have the constitutional right to set fees for permits and licences for extraction of any petroleum that is derived from their land and territorial waters. Anything beyond territorial waters, such as on

1802-439: The local government in defiance of the central government includes the group Kelantan Peoples' Movement Demanding Petroleum Royalties or Gerakan Menuntut Royalti Petroleum Rakyat Kelantan (GMR). The largely rural state preserves Malay traditions such as kite-flying contests, top-spinning contests, and bird singing competitions, and traditional handicrafts such as batik , songket , and silver crafts. Kelantan's ethnic composition

1855-453: The matter cannot end with the two agreements. There is a supreme Constitution in Malaysia with a federal-state division of legislative and financial powers. The constitutional allocation cannot be altered except by constitutionally permitted procedures and amendments. Even mutual agreements cannot override the constitutional scheme of things because jurisdiction is a matter of law and not of consent or acquiescence. The Kelantan state government

1908-722: The modern Kelantan state, centered in his new fort on the eastern bank of the Kelantan river , which became Kota Bharu in 1844. Under the terms of the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 , the Thais relinquished their claims over Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah and Perlis to the British Empire , and Kelantan thus became one of the Unfederated Malay States with a British Adviser . Kelantan was where

1961-466: The mountain range within 8 hours. Kelantan has a tropical climate , with temperatures from 21 to 32 °C and intermittent rain throughout the year. The wet season is the east-coast monsoon season from November to January. Some experts claim groundwater extraction is causing land in Kelantan to lower, causing more floods. Kelantan has a chiefly agrarian economy dominated by rice , rubber and tobacco . Fishing along its 96-kilometre coastline

2014-607: The name comes from the Malay word kilatan , "shiny or glittery" or kolam tanah , "clay pool". Kelantan was called Kalantan ( Thai : กลันตัน ) by the Siamese when it was under their influence. Kelantan's early history is not very clear, but archaeological evidence shows human settlement in prehistoric times. Early Kelantan had links to the Funan Kingdom, the Khmer Empire , Champa and Siam. Around 1411, there

2067-465: The national government on constitutional grounds. One of the most controversial steps that PAS have taken in Kelantan is to place strict restrictions or outright bans on the traditional performance of syncretic Malay theatrical forms, such as Wayang Kulit, Mak Yong , Dikir Barat , and Main Puteri. PAS also took action to remove any sculpture that looked like human or animal, modified versions without

2120-457: The rest of the country by the Titiwangsa Mountains , which runs from north to south through the peninsula. Weeks of hard travel were required to reach Kelantan. The easiest way to Kelantan was to sail around the peninsula. For this reason Kelantan's history often involves the sea, and boats. Even today, many of its people are tied to the sea. A discussion with many coastal residents will confirm that their ancestors, as far back as they know, were "of

2173-556: The rest of the peninsula; this is reflected in the cuisine, arts and the unique Kelantanese Malay language, which is unintelligible even for some speakers of standard Malay. Kelantan is bordered by Narathiwat province of Thailand to the north, Terengganu to the south-east, Perak to the west and Pahang to the south. To the north-east of Kelantan is the South China Sea . Kelantan has diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate. The state's mountain ranges belong to

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2226-428: The sea." A railway line was built in the 1920s, during British colonial rule , linking Tumpat on the state's northern coast, through the jungles of upper Kelantan and Pahang and then on to other states. Also, between the 1920s and 1980s, trunk roads were built to link Kelantan with adjacent states. Presently, one can travel by road from the capital city Kuala Lumpur to Kota Bharu using national highway 8 through

2279-548: The shallow waters of the South China Sea. From Kuala Krai the conjoined streams become the Kelantan River (also known as Sungai Kelantan), a broad, mud-coloured stream which dominates the fertile coastal plains and defines the geography of the region. The Kelantan River valley is a fertile rice-bowl, rich in hardwoods and rubber and lush with tropical fruits. For centuries, Kelantan was mostly separated from

2332-416: The terms of the agreement, Kelantan was to receive a cash payment of 5 percent a year biannually, for any oil found in Kelantan or its coastal areas. In return, Kelantan grants Petronas to exclusive rights to "petroleum whether lying onshore or offshore of Malaysia". It became an issue as to whether Kelantan had the right to claim oil royalties from federal government as described in the agreement. Relevant to

2385-411: The territory of present-day Kelantan and was enthroned by his father-in-law Ku Tanang Wangsa ( Regent of Terengganu) as Yang di-Pertuan Muda or Deputy Ruler of Kelantan. Long Yunus was succeeded in 1795 by his son-in-law Tengku Muhammad by Sultan Mansur of Terengganu. The enthronement of Tengku Muhammad by Terengganu was opposed by Long Yunus' sons, triggering a war against Terengganu by Long Muhammad,

2438-416: The traditional pastimes of top-spinning — known as gasing — and the flying of giant, elaborately decorated kites called wau , is still observed. The minority ethnic Malaysian Siamese inhabitants of Kelantan are mostly centred around the coastal town of Tumpat , which is home to most of the state's two hundred or so Buddhist temples, and has a number of relatively well-off Siamese villages. The dialect of

2491-437: The traditional references to Hindu dewa – dewi and traditional Malay hantu (spirits or ghosts) and otherwise in keeping with orthodox Islam are, however, tolerated in some instances. Also restricted are public performances by women: Aside from Quran recitals, such arrangements are entirely banned if men are in the audience. While PAS has maintained that these steps were to promote Islam and put an end to immoral behavior among

2544-581: The whole town of Kota Tinggi. With a height of 4.90 metres (16.1 ft), it broke the previous record flood level. The second wave, which began on 11 January 2007, at 5.45 metres (17.9 ft) exceeded even the height of the first wave. Kota Tinggi town was totally underwater for nearly two weeks and was isolated from other towns due to landslides and flooding. The town spans over an area of 17 km. Kota Tinggi town and other settlement of Kuala Sedili, Sungai Rengit and Pengerang are administered by Kota Tinggi District Council (Majlis Daerah Kota Tinggi), which

2597-535: Was an islamic ruler named Raja Kumar and Kelantan was an important centre of trade at that time. In 1499, Kelantan became a vassal state of the Malacca Sultanate . With the fall of Malacca in 1511, Kelantan was divided up and ruled by petty chieftains, paying tribute to Patani , then a powerful Malay Kingdom of the eastern peninsula. By the early 17th century, most of these Kelantanese chiefs became subject to Patani . The legendary Cik Siti Wan Kembang

2650-662: Was established there. Many historical tombs are found here including the Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Di Julang Mausoleum , Makam Bendahara Tun Habib Abdul Majid and Makam Tauhid in Kampung Makam. Makam Laksamana Bentan is located in Kampung Kelantan. The Kota Tinggi Waterfalls at Lombong , 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north-west of town, are local tourist destinations. The waterfalls are 36 meters high, and are located at

2703-582: Was quickly amended also to allow images of the Malaysian King and Queen . PAS has also defended the practice of child marriage, a practice that been the focus of recent controversy due to recent cases in Kelantan. On 9 May 1975, an agreement was signed between the Menteri Besar of Kelantan , Datuk Mohamed Nasir , and the Chairman of Petronas , Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah . According to

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2756-504: Was said to have reigned over Kelantan between 1610 and 1667. Kelantan made a political alliance with Patani during the reign of Raja Biru in 1619 for mutual trade and military interests. The Queen of Patani was deposed in 1651 by the Raja of Kelantan, starting a period of Kelantanese rule in Patani. Around 1760, Long Yunus, an aristocratic warlord of Patani origin succeeded in unifying

2809-534: Was then governed by the Barisan Nasional coalition (of which UMNO was part of) until the 1990 General Election when the PAS returned with an overwhelming victory, winning all 39 State and 13 Parliamentary seats. The success was achieved through the PAS-led coalition, called Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU). In the following General Election in 1995, PAS won again, though with a reduced majority. The PAS won

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