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20-711: The Ogasawara and Hosokawa clans were daimyō at Kokura Castle during the Edo period (1603–1868). Miyamoto Musashi , samurai swordsman, author of The Book of Five Rings and founder of the Hyoho Niten Ichi-ryū , famous for its use of two swords, lived in the Kokura castle under the patronage of the Ogasawara and Hosokawa clans briefly during 1634. After the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Kokura

40-869: The Fukashi , each of which identify places in Shinano. The Matsuo line gave rise to the Ogasawara of Echizen, and the Fukashi line is ultimately established at the Ogasawara of Bunzen. The great-grandson of Yoshikiyo, Nagakiyo , was the first to take the name Ogasawara. The area controlled by his descendants grew to encompass the entire province of Shinano. Nagakiyo's grandson, Ogasawara Hidemasa  [ ja ] (1569–1615), served Ieyasu; and in 1590, Hidemasa received Koga Domain (20,000 koku ) in Shimōsa Province . In 1601, Ieyasu transferred Hidemasa to Iida Domain (50,000 koku ) in Shinano; then, in 1613, he

60-563: The Miyoshi clan and the Mizukami clan were descendants of the Ogasawara clan. The clan developed a number of schools of martial arts during this period, known as Ogasawara-ryū , and contributed to the codification of bushido etiquette. Towards the end of the Sengoku period (late 16th century), the clan opposed both Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu . During the Edo period,

80-747: The Shimazu , the Mori , the Date , the Hachisuka , and the Uesugi , were based in western and northern Honshu and Kyushu in contrast to the Tokugawa based in the eastern city of Edo . Most, but not all, of these families had been living in roughly the same regions for centuries before the Tokugawa shogunate. Tozama daimyō heavily profited from trade in the 17th century, particularly in western Japan where most of

100-511: The 8th generation was Yoshinaga, who established himself at Miyoshi in Awa province (now Tokushima Prefecture ). Osagawa Yoshinaga took the name Miyoshi Yoshinaga and became a vassal of the Hosokawa clan , who were then the strongest force on the island. Accounts from the late 16th century include mention of Miyoshi Yoshitsugu as the nephew and adopted son of Miyoshi Chōkei . Any remnants of

120-588: The Miyoshi branch of the Ogasawara clan would have been vanquished by the Chōsokabe clan as they gradually took control of the entire island of Shikoku. The Ogasawara clan is inlinked to Japanese discovery of the Bonin Islands , and to Japan's claim over those islands which are now administratively considered part of metropolitan Tokyo: Tozama Tozama daimyō ( 外様大名 , "outside daimyō " )

140-520: The Ogasawara were identified as one of the fudai or insider daimyō clans which were hereditary vassals or allies of the Tokugawa, in contrast with the tozama or outsider clans. The fudai Ogasawara clan originated in 12th century Shinano Province . They claim descent from Takeda Yoshikiyo and the Seiwa-Genji . Broadly, there are two genealogical lines of the Ogasawara, the Matsuo and

160-580: The Shogun was one of paying tribute, military levy and guard duty obligations. The decline of the Tokugawa shogunate during the Bakumatsu period from 1853 led to lessening discrimination against tozama daimyō . In November 1864, Matsumae Takahiro , the tozama daimyō of the Matsumae clan , was appointed as rōjū , one of the highest-ranking government posts in the Tokugawa government. Tozama formed

180-667: The administration's ranks. Many of the largest and wealthiest han —the personal feudal domains of the daimyō —were ruled by tozama , including the Maeda clan of the Kaga Domain with a value of 1,000,000 koku under the Kokudaka system. However, this was a deliberate Tokugawa plan to keep the tozama in check, as fudai daimyō were stationed in smaller domains in strategic locations, including along major roads and near important cities. Many notable tozama families, including

200-544: The concept of tozama daimyō emerged in Japan along with the daimyō after the rise of the Kamakura shogunate (鎌倉幕府) in the 12th century. Tozama applied to a daimyō who was considered an "outsider" by successive Shōguns , Emperors , and shikkens (執権) that ruled over Japan at any given time. Typically, a tozama had a loose or indirect relationship with the current ruler, and this definition remained intact during

220-515: The country's important ports were located. The shogunate responded in Sakoku policies of isolationism , preventing the ports of western Honshu and Kyūshū from trading with foreigners and sending Japanese vessels abroad. The Tozama daimyō had higher levels of independent power and local autonomy, and conducted their judicial, administrative and military affairs in the name of the local daimyos like sovereigns. The Tozama domains' relationship to

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240-458: The great tozama amicably, but his grandson Tokugawa Iemitsu was less tolerant of them during his rule between 1623 and 1626. Tozama and their descendants were distrusted and the Tokugawa shogunate discriminated against them in favor of the fudai daimyō . Tozama were largely excluded from the shogunate government, the Bakufu , and their numbers were limited compared to the fudai who filled

260-432: The neighboring city of Yahata the day before by the reconnaissance missions. Since the mission commander Major Charles Sweeney had orders to drop the bomb visually and not by radar, he diverted to the secondary target, Nagasaki . The planes, however, did fly over Kokura and were extremely close to executing the mission drop. When the city of Kitakyushu was created in 1963, Kokura was divided into Kokura Kita ward in

280-491: The north, and Kokura Minami ward in the south. The Gion Festival of Kokura is called the "Gion of Drums " and celebrates the life of local folk-hero Muhomatsu . The city is the site of the main dojo (honbu) of Miyamoto Musashi 's sword school , Hyoho Niten Ichi-ryū . 33°53′N 130°53′E  /  33.883°N 130.883°E  / 33.883; 130.883 Ogasawara clan The Ogasawara clan ( Japanese : 小笠原氏 , Hepburn : Ogasawara-shi )

300-722: The nucleus of the growing anti-Tokugawa movement, with the Satsuma and Chōshū (Shimazu and Mori clans respectively) primarily responsible for the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in the Meiji Restoration . Rallying other tozama and even fudai to their cause in support of the Imperial Court , they fought against the shogunate, Aizu Domain , and the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei during the Boshin War of 1868 to 1869. Many people from Satsuma and Chōshū dominated politics of

320-581: The subsequent Ashikaga shogunate (足利幕府, 1336–1573, also known as the Muromachi (室町幕府)), and the Sengoku period (戦国時代, 1467–1615, "Age of Warring States"). The establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1600 redefined tozama daimyō as the daimyō who submitted as vassals to the Tokugawa only after the decisive Battle of Sekigahara , including those who fought for the Tokugawa at the battle but were not official vassals. Tokugawa Ieyasu had treated

340-609: Was a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Seiwa Genji . The Ogasawara acted as shugo (governors) of Shinano Province during the Sengoku period (c. 1185–1600), and as daimyō (feudal lords) of territories on Kyūshū during the Edo period (1600–1867). During the Kamakura and Muromachi periods , the clan controlled Shinano province, while related clans controlled the provinces of Awa , Bizen , Bitchū , Iwami , Mikawa , Tōtōmi and Mutsu . According to some theories,

360-529: Was a class of powerful magnates or daimyō (大名) considered to be outsiders by the ruler of Japan during the Edo period (江戸時代). Tozama daimyō were classified in the Tokugawa shogunate (江戸幕府) as daimyō who became hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa after the Battle of Sekigahara (関ヶ原の戦い). Tozama daimyō were discriminated against by the Tokugawa and opposed to the fudai daimyō , who were allies or vassals of Tokugawa before Sekigahara. Originally,

380-580: Was able to return to the home of his forebears, Fukashi Castle (80,000 koku ), now known as Matsumoto Castle . The branches of the fudai Ogasawara clan include the following: The Miyoshi clan of daimyō were cadet descendants of the Ogasawara; and through them, they were also descendants of the Seiwa-Genji Minamoto . At the beginning of the 14th century, Ogasawara Nagafusa established himself in Shikoku . Amongst his descendants in

400-451: Was the seat of government for Kokura Prefecture . When the municipal system of cities, towns and villages was introduced, Kokura Town was one of 25 towns in the prefecture, which later merged with Fukuoka Prefecture . Kokura was upgraded to city status in 1900. Kokura was the primary target for the " Fat Man " atomic bomb on August 9, 1945, but on the morning of the raid, the city was obscured by morning fog. Kokura had also been mistaken for

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