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46-572: Textile industries have been developed there since the early 18th century. Its major historic towns include Kostroma , Sharya , Nerekhta , Galich , Soligalich , and Makaryev . From c. 300 CE the current area of Kostroma, with the exception of the area east of the Unzha River , was part of the Finno-Ugric peoples' lands, such as the Merya people and their loose tribal confederation. During

92-468: A merchant church in the center. The First Workers' Socialist Club based in Kostroma was one of the best documented workers' clubs run by Proletkult . Organised around the principle of a "public hearth" (obshchestvennyi ochag) this club combined both practical support for workers in need of accommodation, food or furniture, as well as providing a focus for popular education. The Nuclear Power Referendum

138-534: A single focal point near the river. They say that Catherine the Great dropped her fan on the city map , and told the architects to follow her design. One of the best preserved examples of the 18th century town planning , Kostroma retains some elegant structures in a " provincial neoclassical " style. These include a governor's palace, a fire tower, a rotunda on the Volga embankment , and an arcaded central market with

184-582: Is a timber mill in town as well. The town is also a minor railroad node of the Trans-Siberian Railway . A 350-meter (1,150 ft) tall guyed mast for FM and TV broadcasting can be seen in the town. Historic monuments of Galich include various buildings from the imperial period of Russian history. Particularly noteworthy is the Saint Paisiy Monastery  [ ru ] , founded in the early 14th century and featuring

230-472: Is incorporated separately as the city of oblast significance of Kostroma —an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the city of oblast significance of Kostroma is incorporated as Kostroma Urban Okrug . The city is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. Kostroma has a continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ). It has long, very cold winters and short warm summers. Built in 1559–1565,

276-487: Is incorporated separately as the town of oblast significance of Galich —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the town of oblast significance of Galich is incorporated as Galich Urban Okrug . The Galich Mobile Crane Plant (Russian: ОАО "Галичский автокрановый завод" ) manufactures some 20% of Russia's entire mobile crane production. Town's industries also manufacture steel barrels, shoes, and clothing. There

322-606: Is the largest religion in Kostroma Oblast. According to a 2012 survey 53.8% of the population of Kostroma Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 1% are Orthodox Christian believers who don't belong to church or are members of non-Russian Orthodox churches , and 1% of the population are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery). In addition, 25% of

368-537: The Eastern Rus , Kostroma was sacked by the Mongols in 1238. It then constituted a small principality, under leadership of Prince Vasily of Kostroma , a younger brother of the famous Alexander Nevsky . Upon inheriting the grand ducal title in 1271, Vasily didn't leave the town for Vladimir , and his descendants ruled Kostroma for another half a century, until the town was bought by Ivan I of Moscow . As one of

414-599: The Revolution of 1917 , the icon blackened so badly that the image was hardly visible; it was interpreted as a bad sign for the Romanov dynasty. The Ipatyevsky monastery survives mostly intact, with its 16th-century walls, towers, belfry , and the 17th-century cathedral . Apart from the monasteries, most of the city churches were either rebuilt or demolished during the Soviet years. The only city church that survives from

460-1072: The United Russia party - 113,962 or 49.94%, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - 44,776 or 19.62%,, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia - 33,043 or 14.48%, A Just Russia - 28,912 or 12.67%. The oblast is bound to other Russian regions by roads, railroads (6–7 hours from Moscow) and air routes. Kostroma Airport serves to let people fly regularly inside Oblast and irregularly to Moscow . Population: 580,976 ( 2021 Census ) ; 667,562 ( 2010 Census ) ; 736,641 ( 2002 Census ) ; 809,882 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.52 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 68.78 years (male — 64.07, female — 73.50) Ethnic composition (2010): Christianity

506-620: The 17th-century "golden age" is the Resurrection church on the Lowlands (Russian: церковь Воскресения на Дебре). As the story goes, the church was commissioned by one merchant who ordered in England ten barrels of dye but received ten barrels of gold instead. He resolved that the unearned gold was the devil's gift and decided to spend it on building a church. Two other 17th-century temples, of rather conventional architecture, may be seen on

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552-399: The Great had a wooden kremlin demolished, and it further declined with the transfer of Russian foreign trade from Arkhangelsk to St. Petersburg . Town status was granted to Galich in 1778. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Galich serves as the administrative center of Galichsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it

598-732: The Neolithic era, comb-ceramics replaced prafinno-Ugric Volosovo. At the turn of 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE, the Fatyanovo culture arrived in the area, later to be assimilated into the tribes of the Late Bronze Age (the Abashevo culture and the Pozdnyakovskaya culture ). The Finno-Ugric component as a result of migration and assimilation and grew even stronger since the culture of the early Iron Age . The people who developed

644-721: The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee Kostroma province was liquidated. Its territory was a part of the Kostroma region of Ivanovo Industrial Region. The oblast was formed on August 13, 1944. Essential for the region's economic development had continued at the Fifth Five-Year Plan railway construction Galich , Kostroma- length 127 km. She was admitted to the regular operation and operational in 1956. The newly built railway line has created direct access to Kostroma on

690-653: The Russian trade in salt and furs . Dmitry Shemyaka and other local princes pressed their claims to the Muscovite crown, and three of them actually took possession of the Kremlin in the course of the Great Feudal War . The early medieval earthen ramparts were further fortified in the early 15th and 16th centuries and have since been known as Shemyaka Hills . The Poles burnt it to the ground in 1612, Peter

736-789: The Russians founded towns in the late 9th to 12th centuries. With the death in 1277 of Basil Yaroslavovych, who had no children and left no heirs, the land principality as unclaimed moved into the Vladimir principality. Then, the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich Dmitry lost Kostroma principality to his brother Andrei Alexandrovich Gorodetsky, who in turn gave this inheritance to his nephew, the son of Dmitry Ivan Dmitrievich, but shortly after Ivan D. to possess Pereiaslavl-Zaleski and Kostroma principality newly departed Andrei Alexandrovich and then in 1299, he gave

782-612: The art of smelting of bog ore are already clearly Finno-Ugric in character. As a result of the mixing of the Finno-Ugric and pyanoborskoy Anan'ino local cultures with the Finno-Ugric Dyakovo culture came the Mari people , which began to take shape in Kostroma. Historically, the Kostroma region is a territory of Mari residence. In the currently existing settlements and the Old- Kazhirovo Shangskoe where

828-450: The capitals of the Mari principalities of Yaksha and Sanga. Possession of these kingdoms in the north to reach the Great in earlier times. The village area was Odoevskoye SHARINSKY Mari fortress Bulaksy. There were at least 109 Merya settlements located in the area of which the most important below mentioned trading centers and important hill fortresses were later recorded by the Russians as

874-411: The first Republican Factory ( the former Big linen manufactory ), their number decreased from 7 to 1 million people in the mechanical plant of 1,300 workers have only 450. Due to lack of fuel and raw materials factory operated for only 6 months a year, from May to October - idle. In the city of Kostroma in 1917, there were 17 libraries. Kostroma Province existed prior to 1917. Almost doubled compared with

920-411: The five-domed Epiphany Cathedral was the first stone edifice in the city; its medieval frescoes perished during a fire several years ago. The minster houses the city's most precious relic, a 10th-century Byzantine icon called Our Lady of St. Theodore . It was with this icon that Mikhail Romanov was blessed by his mother when he left for Moscow to claim the Russian throne. They say that just before

966-502: The greatest salt -mining centers of Eastern Europe, eclipsing the southern town of Halych , from which it takes its name. In the 13th century, Galich was ruled by a younger brother of Alexander Nevsky and remained in his line until 1363, when the Muscovites seized the principality and ousted the ruling family to Novgorod . The 15th and 16th centuries are justly considered the golden age of Galich. At that time it controlled most of

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1012-558: The implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of

1058-520: The infrastructure of social protection of the population and youth policy. On 21 May 1998 Kostroma alongside Amur , Ivanovo , Voronezh Oblast , and the Mari El Republic signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy. This agreement would be abolished on 19 February 2002. Kostroma Oblast is bordered by Vologda Oblast to the north, Kirov Oblast to the east, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Ivanovo Oblast to

1104-498: The land to his son Boris. After the latter's death in 1303, the prince of Kostroma in 1304 was the son of Daniel of Moscow , Boris Daniilovich. At this relative independence of the Principality of Kostroma ended and later it became part of the lands of the princely House of Moscow . For the first time in what is now the area were separated from each other by Peter I: in 1708 by dividing the country into provinces were created in

1150-475: The monastery. It was here that an embassy from Moscow offered him the Russian crown in 1612. A wooden house of Mikhail Romanov is still preserved in the monastery. There are also several old wooden structures transported to the monastery walls from distant districts of the Kostroma Oblast . In 1773, Kostroma was devastated by a great fire. Afterwards the city was rebuilt with streets radiating from

1196-405: The northern highway, mileage cargo from Kostroma to Galic dropped by more than half. The road much closer to the railway line a number of inland areas facilitated the supply of the city of Kostroma wood, peat, wood business. Improved communication of the regional center to remote centers of the region. Between 1997 was a time of active reform and integration into the new socio-economic conditions of

1242-549: The northern port of Archangel . Boris Godunov had the Ipatiev and Epiphany monasteries rebuilt in stone. The construction works were finished just in time for the city to witness some of the most dramatic events of the Time of Troubles . The heroic peasant Ivan Susanin became a symbol of the city's resistance to foreign invaders; several monuments to him may be seen in Kostroma. The future Tsar, Mikhail Romanov , also lived at

1288-469: The northernmost towns of the Grand Duchy of Moscow , Kostroma served for grand dukes as a place of retreat when enemies besieged Moscow in 1382, 1408, and 1433. In 1375, the town was looted by Novgorod pirates ( ushkuiniks ). The spectacular growth of the city in the 16th century may be attributed to the establishment of trade connections with English and Dutch merchants ( Muscovy Company ) through

1334-685: The oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually, the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The Charter of Kostroma Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Kostroma Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising

1380-463: The observance of the oblast Charter under the Constitution of Russia . Viktor Shershunov was Governor from 1997 until his death in a car crash on September 20, 2007, at which point Igor Slyunyayev became the new Governor until 2012 when Sergey Sitnikov became the current incumbent. The largest number of votes in the regional electoral district was received by the Kostroma Oblast branch of

1426-446: The open side of the Volga. The end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century is rightly considered the rise in cultural development (architecture, painting, literature), not only of Kostroma but also of other county-level cities such as Galic, Nerekhta, and Soligalich. Architectural ensembles in the classical style still adorn the centers of these cities. There were widespread noble estates, which have become centers of culture in

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1472-582: The opposite side of the Volga. Among the vestiges of the Godunov rule, a fine tent-like church in the urban-type settlement of Krasnoye-na-Volge (formerly an estate of Boris Godunov's brother) may be recommended. The city is served by the Kostroma Airport . Since 1887 there has been a railway connection between Kostroma and Moscow. Kostroma is twinned with: Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , Durham County council revoked

1518-476: The population declares to be " spiritual but not religious ", 9% is atheist , and 5.2% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. Kostroma Kostroma ( Russian : Кострома́ , IPA: [kəstrɐˈma] ) is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast , Russia . A part of the Golden Ring of Russian cities, it is located at the confluence of

1564-491: The prewar decreased acreage and yield of crops. The total cultivated area in the province in 1920 vs. 1917 dropped by 43%, including linen - 80%, barley - 62%, potatoes - by 50%, oats - by 50%, rye - 20% . The Revolution opened the workers and peasants access to education. November 8, 1918, the grand opening of the worker- peasant Kostroma State University to commemorate the October Revolution of 1917, which adopted

1610-752: The province of Kostroma, Moscow province, and in the Galician province of Arkhangelsk province. In 1778, the two territories were re-united in the Kostroma governorship, which has been linked with the Yaroslavl first, then with the Nizhny Novgorod, and later with the Governor-General in one of Vladimir General Government. In 1797 Paul I abolished the Governor-General Vladimir and Kostroma and Kostroma instead governorship

1656-427: The province's administrative-territorial division. The consequences of the civil war adversely affected the socio-economic and political life of the province of Kostroma. The gross production of Kostroma factories in 1921 compared to 1913 decreased by 70%, the number of workers decreased by 30%. In the linen industry, which has been leading in the province, there were only 4.7 million workers ( in 1913 - 15 thousand). At

1702-536: The remote outskirts of the province. After the October Revolution of 1917, Kostroma Province became part formed in 1918 by the Russian Federation. During the First World War and the Civil War, active hostilities in the province's territory were not conducted. The change of power at the end of 1917 there was a peaceful way. During the Civil War and in the years formed the new government, repeatedly changing

1748-491: The rivers Volga and Kostroma . In the 2021 census, the population is 267,481. The official founding year of the city is 1152 by Yury Dolgoruky . Since many scholars believe that early Eastern Slavs tribes arrived in modern-day Belarus, Ukraine and western Russia AD 400 to 600, Kostroma could be much older than previously thought. The city has the same name as the East Slavic goddess Kostroma . Like other towns of

1794-468: The severe consequences of the civil war and the transition to a new economic policy that resulted in the reduction of funding of educational institutions, the People's Commissariat of Education in autumn 1921 decided to close or reorganize several young university. Kostroma University was divided into two universities - Pedagogical Institute (Institute of Education ), and agricultural. Teacher's college in 1923

1840-400: The social sphere. Translated to insurance principles of medical care, health, fundamental changes have occurred in the content of education and made fundamental changes in social protection. Despite the difficulties in these years, there was a deliberate with high-tech equipment of health facilities, modern information technology and sports equipment of educational institutions. Radically changed

1886-749: The south, and Yaroslavl Oblast to the West. The main rivers are the Volga and the Kostroma . Much of the area is covered by woods, making it one of the principal timber-producing regions in Europe. During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Kostroma CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of

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1932-411: The twinning arrangements with Kostroma, which had been in place since 1968. Galich, Russia Galich (Russian: Га́лич ) is a town in Kostroma Oblast , Russia , located on the southern bank of Lake Galichskoye . As of the 2021 Census , its population was 12,856. It was first chronicled in 1234 as Grad Mersky (lit. the town of the Merya ). It gradually developed into one of

1978-611: The workers and peasants without entrance exams. The university initially acted natural, humanitarian, and forest departments, and later - Teachers and Department of the Faculty of Medicine. In 1921, all faculties studied 3,333 students. Most of the teachers came from Moscow. Following the university in Kostroma in 1919, two more high schools - the Institute of Electrical and chemical industry and land management institute, were opened to prepare engineering and agricultural personnel. Due to

2024-424: Was arranged in 1990 in the Kostroma area. 90% of the voting population were against nuclear power in the area. A Kostroma Nuclear Power Plant has been proposed. Kostroma is the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions , it also serves as the administrative center of Kostromskoy District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it

2070-425: Was created Kostroma Province, which existed in constant borders until 1917. The conversion of the Kostroma province center sped up its economic and cultural development, even though in 1773 and 1779, the city was completely burned in the fire fighting. Since 1781 the city began to be built on the master plan, which was based on a radial- concentric grid of streets that converged on a large semi-circular central area in

2116-543: Was reorganized into pedtehnikum. By the second half of the 1920s. of the four high schools and three secondary special educational institutions operating in the province in the first years of Soviet power, down to seven colleges. From 1922 to 1923, the number of educational institutions in the province of Kostroma has decreased by almost 25%. In 1922, in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and transferred Varnavinsky Vetluzhsky counties. A January 14, 1929 Resolution of

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